CN105317431A - Method for explaining and evaluating logging parameters of horizontal well - Google Patents
Method for explaining and evaluating logging parameters of horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- CN105317431A CN105317431A CN201410370392.0A CN201410370392A CN105317431A CN 105317431 A CN105317431 A CN 105317431A CN 201410370392 A CN201410370392 A CN 201410370392A CN 105317431 A CN105317431 A CN 105317431A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for explaining and evaluating logging parameters of a horizontal well. The method comprises steps as follows: a stratum model is built according to a logging curve; the well track of the horizontal well is calculated and shown through drilling parameters, and the logging curve is projected horizontally and vertically on the basis of the drilling parameters; the built stratum model and seismic section data are imported into the horizontal well; drilling stratum interfaces are divided by analyzing logging response features, and whether the logging response features are changed remarkably is analyzed with the drilling stratum interfaces as a restraint; the stratum model is adjusted to be matched with an actual logging curve; response features of electrical resistivity are simulated. A horizontal well explanation and evaluation technique formed on the basis of forward modeling of the double-induction electrical resistivity is adopted, the defect of a traditional single plumb-shaft explanation manner is overcome, the formed two-dimensional explanation method accords with geological features better and can meet urgent requirements of exploration and development for a new horizontal well explanation method, and the purpose of optimizing selection of layers to be fractured is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil well logging engineering, particularly relate to a kind of method for explaining and evaluate horizontal wellbore logging parameter.
Background technology
At present, in petroleum drilling technology field, the log interpretation technology for horizontal well relatively lags behind, and still adopts the simple means of interpretation of straight well.Even if some of the staff adopt two-dimensional interpretation also just horizontal well two dimension display, not get on A+E from the log response mechanism of horizontal well.But in fact the log response of horizontal well is different from straight well, by the impact of many factors, such as well track, reservoir top bottom boundaries, reservoir inter-nal lamellar, instrument investigation depth, local structure etc., these factors cause the explanation relative complex of horizontal well.In addition, only adopt the means of interpretation of straight well also cannot determine the relation of well track and reservoir position and oil and water zonation, the demand of petroleum works cannot be met.
In well logging field, it has been generally acknowledged that just to drill and refer to known formation model and apparatus structure parameter, utilize physical mathematics means to obtain the process of log response; And inverting is as one of the important method of electrolog environmental correction, is the process of the log response inverse stratigraphic model electrical parameter according to specific logger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming of prior art, propose a kind of method for explaining and evaluate horizontal wellbore logging parameter, it comprises the following steps:
S101, utilize the log of leading a well or contiguous straight well of horizontal well to set up stratigraphic model, with target zone and the reference lamina determining to lead a well or close on straight well based on the well log interpretation rule of straight well;
S102, utilize drilling parameter to calculate and represent the well track of horizontal well, based on described drilling parameter, the log of horizontal well to be explained is carried out level and vertical projection;
S103, set up stratigraphic model and the seismic profile data that obtains in advance are imported in horizontal well, the horizontal segment seismic signature adjusting described stratigraphic model and described seismic profile based on the target zone determined or reference lamina matches, to meet the contact relation response characteristic of well track and reservoir;
S104, the logging response character passing through to analyze offset well or lead a well mark off described offset well or lead the drilling strata interface of a well, and as constraint, whether the logging response character analyzing described horizontal segment there is significant change, if it is the point that significant change occurs is identified as the interface key point of described horizontal segment;
S105, adjust described stratigraphic model and mate with practical logging curve, described model is met with actual geologic feature;
The response characteristic of S106, artifical resistance rate, and carry out contrast with the double-induction resistance rate of actual measurement and judge whether consistent, if inconsistent, return step S105 and continue the described stratigraphic model of adjustment until obtain the artifical resistance rate consistent with the double-induction resistance rate of actual measurement, and based on the stratigraphic model finally obtained log parameter made an explanation and evaluate.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described method is further comprising the steps of:
S107, the correction based on bed boundary and investigation depth impact is carried out on resistivity, to obtain accurate true formation resistivity, and calculate water saturation and oil saturation according to this true resistivity.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described method, before the described step S107 of execution, also will perform following steps:
Judge that whether resistivity response change is more than a threshold value;
If exceeded, then carry out the response simulation of the resistivity under Anisotropic Condition;
Setting vertical resistivity value, and simulate a resistivity curve with level to resistivity simultaneously;
The resistivity value of this resistivity curve and actual measurement is contrasted;
If the result of contrast is inconsistent, then adjusts described stratigraphic model, if unanimously, then show that current stratigraphic model is reliable.
According to one embodiment of present invention, lead described in described horizontal resistivity passes through a well or described in close on straight well log parameter obtain, described vertical resistivity and described level meet following relation between resistivity:
Wherein, Rv and Rh represents that vertical resistivity and level are to resistivity respectively.
According to one embodiment of present invention, following formula is adopted to calculate water saturation:
A is the lithology factor relevant with lithology; M is cementation factor; N is saturation exponent; Rw represents formation water resistivity; Por represents degree of porosity; SWT represents water saturation; RZT represents accurate true formation resistivity.
According to one embodiment of present invention, when performing in step S104, if find each drilling strata consistent according to logging response character, and stratigraphic model is obviously different, then comprehensively choose described stratigraphic model according to the earthquake information in this region.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described log comprises gamma ray curve, sound wave curve, resistivity curve.
The invention provides a kind of method horizontal wellbore logging being made an explanation and evaluates completely newly.The present invention is by the influence factor of analysis level borehole logging tool, and in conjunction with the log interpretation model of such as leading a well, utilization is led the data such as well resistivity, gamma, density and set up bed boundary geological model.Then imported to horizontal segment, the resistivity simulation based on two induction carries out the interactive identification of horizontal segment.On this basis, form the Analyses of Formation Oil Bearing based on accurate true formation resistivity, realize the spatial relationship of well track and reservoir geology and petrophysics property, meet the demand that exploration and development is explained horizontal well.
The present invention adopts the horizontal well interpretation and evaluation technology formed based on the forward simulation of double-induction resistance rate, overcome traditional single straight well interpretive mode defect, and the two-dimensional interpretation method formed more meets geologic feature, exploration and development can be met new method active demand is explained for horizontal well, reach Optimum Fracturing and select layer object, the method is more reliable, accurate.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from manual, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in manual, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the stratigraphic model utilizing resistivity, gamma and the density of leading a well to set up according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 2 is the well track of the horizontal segment set up according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that is combined with seismic profile of well track set up by Fig. 2 according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 4 is the chart of the identification carrying out each key point of horizontal segment according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the relation between the well track of Fig. 2 according to one embodiment of present invention and reservoir space;
Fig. 6 shows the Core analysis of horizontal resistivity, apparent dip θ and λ;
Fig. 7 show schematically show response and the simulation of resistivity under Anisotropic Condition;
Fig. 8 show schematically show the result of carrying out oil saturation calculating according to embodiments of the invention; And
Fig. 9 shows the result adopting method of the present invention to make an explanation to certain oil field.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to drawings and Examples, to the present invention, how application technology means solve technical problem whereby, and the implementation procedure reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.It should be noted that, only otherwise form conflict, each embodiment in the present invention and each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the technical scheme formed is all within protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, method step of the present invention can perform in the computer system of such as one group of computer executable instructions, and, although describe with certain logical order in the description, but in some cases, can be different from the step described by order execution herein.
When horizontal well being made an explanation according to the present invention, first, in step S101, utilize the log of leading a well or closing on straight well of horizontal well to set up stratigraphic model, with target zone and the reference lamina determining to lead a well or close on straight well based on the well log interpretation rule of straight well.Such as utilization is led a well or is closed on the density curve of straight well, neutron, gamma and resistivity curve and sets up horizontal direction layer attribute feature (accordingly layer model), then target zone and reference lamina is determined based on existing straight well means of interpretation or interpretative rule, thus the explanation of bound level section.The top and bottom of determined 3 target zones and 1 reference lamina respectively as shown in the phantom line segments of six in Fig. 1 (TT target top, at the bottom of TB target, MT indicates top, and MB indicates the end).In FIG, ILD represents resistivity value, and DEN represents density value, and GR represents gamma value.The unit of vertical depth TVD (or depth measurement MD) is rice.Three curves in the first quartile of Fig. 1 refer to the ILD curve of horizontal projection, DEN curve and GR curve from top to bottom respectively.In addition, three curves of third quadrant are respectively the ILD curve of vertical projection, DEN curve and GR curve from left to right.Background model in fourth quadrant is the stratigraphic model set up based on existing straight well method interpretation, and therefore it accurately can not reflect actual conditions.
Next, in step s 102, utilize drilling parameter to calculate and represent the well track of horizontal well, based on drilling parameter, the log of horizontal well to be explained is carried out level and vertical projection.Here the drilling parameter used is hole angle and drift azimuth.
As shown in Figure 2, first is induction motor in induction motor, B target spot section in A target spot section deep induction resistivity, B target spot section deep induction resistivity, A target spot section from top to bottom.Second is A target spot section natural gamma from top to bottom, B target spot section natural gamma.
In step s 103, by in the stratigraphic model set up in preceding step and the seismic profile data importing horizontal well obtained in advance, the horizontal segment seismic signature that the target zone determined based on step S101 or reference lamina adjust stratigraphic model and seismic profile matches, to meet the contact relation response characteristic of well track and reservoir.
As shown in Figure 3, which show the mode of adjustment.By in the horizontal segment data importing of seismic profile horizontal well stratigraphic model as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, each layer in stratigraphic model aligns with seismic profile by the scales (as the vertical phantom line segments in figure represents) adopting some manually to arrange.The seismic profile reflection of indication of the present invention be the general trend of those layers explained for bound level section.
In figure 3, first is A target spot section natural gamma from top to bottom, B target spot section natural gamma.Second is A target spot section deep induction resistivity from top to bottom, B target spot section deep induction resistivity, induction motor in A target spot section, induction motor in B target spot section.
Then, in step S104, by analyzing offset well or the logging response character of leading a well marks off this offset well or leads the drilling strata interface of a well, and as constraint, whether the logging response character analyzing described horizontal segment there is significant change, if it is the point that significant change occurs is identified as the interface key point of described horizontal segment.
In the identifying of horizontal segment interface key point, first analyze offset well and lead the logging response character of a well, according to lithology, electrically, physical property and explain the information such as conclusion, mark off and lead a well or offset well bores the bed boundary of meeting.Then with the bed boundary marked off for constraint, the logging response character of analysis level section, finds out the key point of the response at different interface.As the simple horizontal segment stratigraphic model set up shown in as can be seen from Fig. 4, horizontal segment drilling strata has two sections, and it is the Reservoir Section on top and the mud stone section of bottom respectively.
Key point information is the information in place of two induction, natural gamma and natural potential generation significant change.This shows to there is certain effect of the interface, represents the change of different lithology and fluid properties.Well track penetrates into mud stone section by sandstone, afterwards, not only finds out that drilling engineering adjusts well in time but also enters into Reservoir Section.Before and after mud stone, the curvilinear characteristic of two sections is obviously consistent, and the differentiation at interface is consistent.But, the stratigraphic model of actual horizontal segment may for a, the b in accompanying drawing 4 mark indicated by curve.Can find out in the drawings, logging response character is consistent, and drilling strata is consistent, and stratigraphic model exists visibly different change.In this case, calmodulin binding domain CaM earthquake information is answered comprehensively to choose stratigraphic model.
Perform step S105 subsequently.In this step, the stratigraphic model that adjustment had previously been set up mates with practical logging curve, and this stratigraphic model is met with actual geologic feature.See Fig. 5, on the identification basis of horizontal segment key point, just can adjust stratigraphic model and mate, with realistic geologic feature with actual measurement resistivity, gamma curve, neutron or density curve.While adjustment, the feature value between comprehensive each bar curve.
Because resistivity curve is more effective at reflection bed boundary, but it can be subject to again the impact of formation anisotropy.Therefore, resistivity curve is adopted to carry out adjusting the analysis also will carried out further under Anisotropic Condition.
In step s 106, the response characteristic of artifical resistance rate, and carry out contrast with the double-induction resistance rate of actual measurement and judge whether consistent, unanimously then proceed following step, inconsistent, the step S105 returned above proceeds adjustment.
While the response of artifical resistance rate, note the impact of sand laminae, the namely anisotropic impact of resistivity.The sandstone of such as certain well is thin layer, and presss from both sides mud stone.In this case, resistivity response changes greatly.Therefore need to carry out the response simulation of the resistivity under Anisotropic Condition.Setting vertical resistivity value size, simulates a resistivity curve with horizontal direction resistivity simultaneously.And then contrast, until eligible with the value of actual measurement.The value of horizontal resistivity can read by leading a well straight well, and vertical resistivity obtains by horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity relation therebetween (as formula 1) and horizontal resistivity, apparent dip (θ) and λ Core analysis (as shown in Figure 6).Utilize the adjustment of the vertical resistivity value of different layers, just drilling of the resistivity value under Anisotropic Condition can be realized.The result just drilled as shown in Figure 7.
In step s 107, enter bed boundary and investigation depth impact correction based on resistivity, obtain accurate true formation resistivity, and calculate water saturation and oil saturation according to this true resistivity.
In this step, judge that whether resistivity response change is more than a threshold value; If exceeded, then carry out the response simulation of the resistivity under Anisotropic Condition; Setting vertical resistivity value, and simulate a resistivity curve with level to resistivity simultaneously; The resistivity value of this resistivity curve and actual measurement is contrasted; If the result of contrast is inconsistent, then adjusts described stratigraphic model, if unanimously, then show that current stratigraphic model is reliable.
Be the calculating of water saturation below.Adopt the stratigraphic model of above-mentioned foundation resistivity to be carried out bed boundary country rock and investigation depth impact in other words to correct, thus obtain accurate true formation resistivity Rzt.Country rock refers to the part of reservoir top and bottom, and interface refers to the position that top country rock contacts with reservoir.Utilize this value, and in conjunction with the Archie formula (2) of water saturation, the calculating of water saturation SWT and oil saturation SWOT can be carried out, see accompanying drawing 8.
SWOT＝100-SWT(3)
In formula: A is the lithology factor relevant with lithology, is generally 0.6 ~ 1.5; M is cementation factor, is generally 1.5 ~ 3; N is saturation exponent, 1.5 ~ 2.2; Rw is formation water resistivity, Ω m; Por is degree of porosity, decimal; SWT represents water saturation, and %, SWOT represent oil saturation, %.
Below with certain for certain oilfield horizontal well, as shown in Figure 9, set up the two-dimensional interpretation section of horizontal segment by said method, explanation results show.In this well section, when well does not drill near reservoir top bottom interface, the double-induction resistance rate change causing investigation depth higher obviously, therebetween difference becomes large, and after the stratigraphic model adopting the present invention to design to resistivity corrects, it is higher that water saturation secondary calculating result shows this well water saturation, higher than result of calculation before, more conform to formation testing result, accumulation produce oil 13.69t, produces water 1410t.
It should be understood that disclosed embodiment of this invention is not limited to ad hoc structure disclosed herein, treatment step, and the equivalent of these features that those of ordinary skill in the related art understand should be extended to substitute.It is to be further understood that term is only for describing the object of specific embodiment as used herein, and and do not mean that restriction.
Special characteristic, structure or characteristic that " embodiment " mentioned in manual or " embodiment " mean to describe in conjunction with the embodiments comprise at least one embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, manual various places throughout occur phrase " embodiment " or " embodiment " might not all refer to same embodiment.
Conveniently, multiple project, element of construction, component units and/or material can appear in common list as used herein.But each element that these lists should be interpreted as in this list is identified as member unique separately respectively.Therefore, when not having reverse side to illustrate, in this list, neither one member only can appear in common list the actual equivalent of other member any being just interpreted as same list based on them.In addition, can also come together with reference to various embodiment of the present invention and example together with for the alternative of each element at this.Should be understood that, these embodiments, example and substitute and be not interpreted as equivalent each other, and be considered to representative autonomous separately of the present invention.
Although above-mentioned example is for illustration of the principle of the present invention in one or more application, but for a person skilled in the art, when not deviating from principle of the present invention and thought, obviously can in form, the details of usage and enforcement does various amendment and need not creative work be paid.Therefore, the present invention is limited by appending claims.
Claims (7)
1. for explaining and evaluate a method for horizontal wellbore logging parameter, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
S101, utilize the log of leading a well or contiguous straight well of horizontal well to set up stratigraphic model, with target zone and the reference lamina determining to lead a well or close on straight well based on the well log interpretation rule of straight well;
S102, utilize drilling parameter to calculate and represent the well track of horizontal well, based on described drilling parameter, the log of horizontal well to be explained is carried out level and vertical projection;
S103, set up stratigraphic model and the seismic profile data that obtains in advance are imported in horizontal well, the horizontal segment seismic signature adjusting described stratigraphic model and described seismic profile based on the target zone determined or reference lamina matches, to meet the contact relation response characteristic of well track and reservoir;
S104, the logging response character passing through to analyze offset well or lead a well mark off described offset well or lead the drilling strata interface of a well, and as constraint, whether the logging response character analyzing described horizontal segment there is significant change, if it is the point that significant change occurs is identified as the interface key point of described horizontal segment;
S105, adjust described stratigraphic model and mate with practical logging curve, described model is met with actual geologic feature;
The response characteristic of S106, artifical resistance rate, and carry out contrast with the double-induction resistance rate of actual measurement and judge whether consistent, if inconsistent, return step S105 and continue the described stratigraphic model of adjustment until obtain the artifical resistance rate consistent with the double-induction resistance rate of actual measurement, and based on the stratigraphic model finally obtained log parameter made an explanation and evaluate.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps of:
S107, the correction based on bed boundary and investigation depth impact is carried out on resistivity, to obtain accurate true formation resistivity, and calculate water saturation and oil saturation according to this true resistivity.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described method, before the described step S107 of execution, also will perform following steps:
Judge that whether resistivity response change is more than a threshold value;
If exceeded, then carry out the response simulation of the resistivity under Anisotropic Condition;
Setting vertical resistivity value, and simulate a resistivity curve with level to resistivity simultaneously;
The resistivity value of this resistivity curve and actual measurement is contrasted;
If the result of contrast is inconsistent, then adjusts described stratigraphic model, if unanimously, then show that current stratigraphic model is reliable.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, lead described in described horizontal resistivity passes through a well or described in close on straight well log parameter obtain, described vertical resistivity and described level meet following relation between resistivity:
Wherein, Rv and Rh represents that vertical resistivity and level are to resistivity respectively.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, adopts following formula to calculate water saturation:
A is the lithology factor relevant with lithology; M is cementation factor; N is saturation exponent; Rw represents formation water resistivity; Por represents degree of porosity; SWT represents water saturation; R
zTrepresent accurate true formation resistivity.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, when performing in step S104, if find each drilling strata consistent according to logging response character, and stratigraphic model is obviously different, then comprehensively choose described stratigraphic model according to the earthquake information in this region.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, described log comprises gamma ray curve, sound wave curve, resistivity curve.
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