CN105277393A - Multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device - Google Patents
Multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了多参数地表径流采样及测量装置，涉及环境监测技术领域。该装置由漏斗（1）、采样室（2）、多参数传感器（3）、数据处理器（4）和上位机（5）组成。本发明克服了由于降雨发生时间的不确定性所导致的不能及时采集径流样品，或由于恶劣天气导致人工采样无法顺利进行的问题，实现了径流污染物的自动采样及实时监测，为针对性制定水环境保护最佳管理措施提供科学依据。
The invention discloses a multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device, and relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring. The device consists of a funnel (1), a sampling chamber (2), a multi-parameter sensor (3), a data processor (4) and a host computer (5). The invention overcomes the problem that runoff samples cannot be collected in time due to the uncertainty of rainfall occurrence time, or the problem that manual sampling cannot be carried out smoothly due to bad weather, realizes automatic sampling and real-time monitoring of runoff pollutants, and is formulated for targeted Provide a scientific basis for best management practices for water environment protection.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及环境监测技术领域，更具体涉及多参数地表径流采样及测量装置。 The invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device.
背景技术 Background technique
地表径流携带了大量的泥沙和污染物，是土壤侵蚀和面源污染的重要载体。对地表径流泥沙和污染物进行实时监测，是研究土壤侵蚀规律和面源污染过程的重要手段。目前，对径流中污染物的监测主要采取人工采样和实验室分析相结合的方法，费时费力，且在样品保存过程中可能存在污染和遗漏等问题。由于降雨具有不确定性，且径流中泥沙含量和污染物浓度具有随降雨历时和强度实时变化的特征，因此，传统的采样和测量方法不能满足地表径流的测量需求。 Surface runoff carries a large amount of sediment and pollutants, and is an important carrier of soil erosion and non-point source pollution. Real-time monitoring of surface runoff sediment and pollutants is an important means to study soil erosion laws and non-point source pollution processes. At present, the monitoring of pollutants in runoff mainly adopts the method of combining manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which is time-consuming and laborious, and there may be problems such as pollution and omission during the sample preservation process. Due to the uncertainty of rainfall, and the fact that the sediment content and pollutant concentration in runoff change in real time with the duration and intensity of rainfall, traditional sampling and measurement methods cannot meet the measurement requirements of surface runoff.
液位传感器和泥沙含量传感器已经较为普遍地应用于地表径流监测中，例如三角堰坡面小区径流流量测量系统（CN201110249797）和活插式地表径流测定装置及系统（CN201220030903），实现了径流量和泥沙含量的在线监测，但地表径流中污染物指标目前仍采用实验室测量。随着传感器技术的发展，COD、氨氮、硝氮、溶解氧、盐度、比电导、氧化还原电位、浊度和pH等水质指标亦能通过相应的传感器实现实时测量，并被广泛应用于地表水体（如河流、水库和湖泊等）的水质监测。常见的在线监测仪器如YSIProPlus多参数水质测试仪和HACHHydrolab多参数水质分析仪等。 Liquid level sensors and sediment content sensors have been widely used in surface runoff monitoring, such as the triangular weir slope area runoff flow measurement system (CN201110249797) and the plug-in type surface runoff measurement device and system (CN201220030903), which realize the runoff flow rate and online monitoring of sediment content, but the pollutant indicators in surface runoff are still measured in laboratories. With the development of sensor technology, water quality indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, salinity, specific conductance, redox potential, turbidity and pH can also be measured in real time through corresponding sensors, and are widely used on the surface Water quality monitoring of water bodies (such as rivers, reservoirs and lakes, etc.). Common online monitoring instruments such as YSIProPlus multi-parameter water quality tester and HACHHydrolab multi-parameter water quality analyzer, etc.
针对降雨发生时间的不确定性、地表径流量及其污染负荷时空变化大等特点，有必要充分利用现有的在线监测技术，设计一种适用于地表径流的采样装置及测量系统，实现径流多参数同步、实时监测。 In view of the uncertainty of rainfall occurrence time, the large temporal and spatial changes of surface runoff and its pollution load, it is necessary to make full use of the existing online monitoring technology to design a sampling device and measurement system suitable for surface runoff to achieve a large amount of runoff. Parameter synchronization and real-time monitoring.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供多参数地表径流采样及测量装置，该装置结合地表径流特点和现有传感器技术，可实时监测地表径流主要污染物指标，为面源污染研究提供基础数据，并为针对性制定水环境保护最佳管理措施提供科学依据。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device, which can monitor the main pollutant indicators of surface runoff in real time in combination with surface runoff characteristics and existing sensor technology, and provide basic data for non-point source pollution research, and for Provide a scientific basis for formulating best management measures for water environment protection.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
多参数地表径流采样及测量装置由漏斗、采样室、多参数传感器、数据处理器和上位机组成；漏斗上部周围开有分流孔，漏斗的出口处为集流孔，集流孔与采样室的一端连通，采样室为集水器，采样室与集流孔连通处上部2/3设有挡板，下部1/3为过水通道，采样室另一端为出水口，出水口底部设有挡板，挡板高度为采样室高度的1/2，多参数传感器的各传感器均水平放置于采样室1/2高度处，各传感器分别与数据处理器连接，数据处理器与上位机连接。 The multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device is composed of a funnel, a sampling chamber, a multi-parameter sensor, a data processor and a host computer; there are diversion holes around the upper part of the funnel, and the outlet of the funnel is a collecting hole, and the connection between the collecting hole and the sampling chamber One end is connected, the sampling chamber is a water collector, the upper 2/3 of the connection between the sampling chamber and the collecting hole is provided with a baffle, the lower 1/3 is a water passage, the other end of the sampling chamber is a water outlet, and the bottom of the water outlet is provided with a baffle The height of the baffle plate is 1/2 of the height of the sampling chamber. Each sensor of the multi-parameter sensor is placed horizontally at 1/2 of the height of the sampling chamber. Each sensor is connected to the data processor, and the data processor is connected to the host computer.
本发明的优点： Advantages of the present invention:
由于降雨发生时间的不确定性往往导致不能及时采集径流样品，或由于恶劣天气导致人工采样无法顺利进行，本发明解决了上述问题、实现了径流污染物的自动采样及实时监测。由于出水口为弧形，使得采样室既具有一定滞水功能，又能防止泥沙淤积，并不妨碍径流的混合和流出。 Due to the uncertainty of rainfall occurrence time, runoff samples cannot be collected in time, or manual sampling cannot be carried out smoothly due to bad weather. The present invention solves the above problems and realizes automatic sampling and real-time monitoring of runoff pollutants. Because the water outlet is arc-shaped, the sampling chamber not only has a certain function of water stagnation, but also can prevent sedimentation, and does not hinder the mixing and outflow of runoff.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为多参数地表径流采样及测量装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device.
其中：1为漏斗，11为分流孔，12为集流孔，2为采样室，21为过水通道，22为出水口，3为多参数传感器，4为数据处理器，5为上位机。 Among them: 1 is a funnel, 11 is a diversion hole, 12 is a collecting hole, 2 is a sampling chamber, 21 is a water passage, 22 is a water outlet, 3 is a multi-parameter sensor, 4 is a data processor, and 5 is a host computer.
图2为多参数传感器在采样室中的示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter sensor in a sampling chamber.
图3为多参数地表径流采样及测量装置的侧视图。 Fig. 3 is a side view of the multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device.
具体实施方式 detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明： The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
多参数地表径流采样及测量装置，该装置由漏斗1、采样室2、多参数传感器3、数据处理器4和上位机5组成；漏斗1上部周围开有分流孔11，漏斗1的出口处为集流孔12，集流孔12与采样室2的一端连通，采样室2为集水器，采样室2与集流孔12连通处上部2/3设有挡板，下部1/3为过水通道21，采样室2另一端为出水口22，出水口22底部设有挡板，挡板高度为采样室高度的1/2，多参数传感器3的各传感器均水平放置于采样室1/2高度处，各传感器分别与数据处理器4连接，数据处理器4与上位机5连接。 A multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device, the device is composed of a funnel 1, a sampling chamber 2, a multi-parameter sensor 3, a data processor 4 and a host computer 5; The collecting hole 12, the collecting hole 12 is connected with one end of the sampling chamber 2, the sampling chamber 2 is a water collector, the upper 2/3 of the connection between the sampling chamber 2 and the collecting hole 12 is provided with a baffle plate, and the lower 1/3 is an overpass. The water channel 21, the other end of the sampling chamber 2 is a water outlet 22, the bottom of the water outlet 22 is provided with a baffle, the height of the baffle is 1/2 of the height of the sampling chamber, and each sensor of the multi-parameter sensor 3 is placed horizontally in the sampling chamber 1/2 2 height, each sensor is respectively connected with the data processor 4, and the data processor 4 is connected with the host computer 5.
上述出水口22挡板为弧形。 The baffle plate of the water outlet 22 is arc-shaped.
上述多参数传感器选择性采用可测量COD、氨氮、硝氮、溶解氧、盐度、比电导、氧化还原电位、浊度和pH等指标的传感器。 The above-mentioned multi-parameter sensors selectively adopt sensors that can measure indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, salinity, specific conductance, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity, and pH.
本发明在测量地表径流时，将多参数地表径流采样及测量装置放置于径流小区卡口或地面径流汇流处，使得径流汇入漏斗1。在径流量较小时，由集流孔12汇集、经过水通道21汇入采样室2，径流在采样室2内混合；当采样室2径流达到传感器3工作所需的最低径流量要求时，数据处理器4发送指令，传感器3开始工作、并将采集信号传输给数据处理器4，数据经数据处理器4读取和计算后传输给上位机5；测量后的径流经出水口22流出。当径流量较大时，多余径流经漏斗1的分流孔12流出，使得采样室2内始终保持传感器监测所需的合适径流量。 When the present invention measures the surface runoff, the multi-parameter surface runoff sampling and measuring device is placed at the checkpoint of the runoff plot or at the confluence of the surface runoff, so that the runoff flows into the funnel 1 . When the runoff is small, it is collected by the collecting hole 12, and enters the sampling chamber 2 through the water channel 21, and the runoff is mixed in the sampling chamber 2; when the runoff in the sampling chamber 2 reaches the minimum runoff requirement for the sensor 3 to work, the data The processor 4 sends instructions, the sensor 3 starts to work, and transmits the collected signal to the data processor 4, and the data is read and calculated by the data processor 4 and then transmitted to the host computer 5; the measured runoff flows out through the water outlet 22. When the amount of runoff is large, excess runoff flows out through the diversion hole 12 of the funnel 1 , so that the sampling chamber 2 always maintains an appropriate amount of runoff required for sensor monitoring.
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| CN107632135A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-01-26 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Water sand process monitoring system and method |
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| CN110031370A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-19 | 西安理工大学 | The measuring device and monitoring method of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces silt based on the identification of runoff turbidity |
| CN110595843A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽理工大学 | An efficient and precise detachable runoff cell |
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| CN111624053A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-04 | 安徽理工大学 | Automatic surface runoff sampler catchments |
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