CN105257308B - Native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in a kind of layer of sand - Google Patents

Native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in a kind of layer of sand Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105257308B
CN105257308B CN201510730726.5A CN201510730726A CN105257308B CN 105257308 B CN105257308 B CN 105257308B CN 201510730726 A CN201510730726 A CN 201510730726A CN 105257308 B CN105257308 B CN 105257308B
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China
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native storehouse
cutterhead
bentonite
shield machine
tool changing
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CN201510730726.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105257308A (en
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沈水龙
刘方
李辉
吴怀娜
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上海交通大学
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Abstract

The invention provides the shield machine tool changing construction method that native storehouse mortar in a kind of layer of sand mixes bentonite mud film, the construction method step includes：The first step, to cutterhead front portion alternately injection waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries；Second step, to cutterhead front portion note bentonite slurry；Dregs in 3rd step, the native storehouse of output；4th step, prepare mud film；The mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and bentonite slurry in 5th step, Xiang Tucang；6th step, bring down stocks tool changing；7th step, recovery driving.The present invention is effectively reduced bring down stocks during in native storehouse hardenite intensity, reduce the difficulty for abolishing reinforcing body, avoid the pre-grouting construction operation of difficulty, prevent the cement mortar in conveying worm to harden and cause damage of facilities, mortar depositing construction operating type is specify that, construction operation amount is effectively reduced；Engineering time of the invention is short, efficiency high, high safety.

Description

Native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in a kind of layer of sand
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method of Tunnel Engineering technical field, in particular it relates to native storehouse sand in a kind of layer of sand The shield machine tool changing construction method of the mixed bentonite mud film of slurry.
Background technology
With the raising of Chinese Urbanization level, substantial amounts of inter-city passenger rail, rapid transit railway, Construction of Urban Rail Traffic need Carry out, many of which Tunnel Engineering.Substantial amounts of tunnel needs to be built with shield method.Earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS method is that shield method is applied A kind of full mechanical execution method commonly used in work, it uses balancing earth-pressure shielding machine, passes through the knife cutting soil in front of shield machine Body, and quarrel soil is transferred out outside tunnel by conveying worm, shield machine is promoted under the supporting of outer shell-and-tube piece.Pushed away in shield , it is necessary to constantly cut ground during entering, when cutting is competent bed, cutter can produce excessive wear, burst and block Wait indefinitely destruction cutter head structure, influence normal construction operation, cutter need to be changed in time.Due to the geological conditions residing for each city and week The difference in collarette border under various geological conditions, it is necessary to carry out shield machine cutter replacing.Traditional normal pressure tool changing method, tool changing with pressure Tool changing method is widely applied in Analysis on Shield Tunnel Driven Process after method and ground are reinforced.But when shield machine is in layer of sand, shield Structure machine excavation face upper base can not carry out strengthening construction operation, and when layer of sand self-stable ability is poor, gas leakage is serious, shield machine cutter Change construction and still suffer from many technical difficulties and serious potential safety hazard.It is difficult that traditional shield machine cutter changes construction method Used in reinforcing condition without ground in layer of sand, produce shield machine tool changing difficulty, low construction efficiency, unfavorable situation long in time limit.
The application of two Patents, patent of invention " [Application No. are found after being retrieved to existing technical literature 201010105664.6], denomination of invention：Method for replacing shield cutter in sand-pebble layer ", above-mentioned patent shield machine tool changing construction Need to take dewatering measure, apply and be restricted under the conditions of without surface drilling.Patent of invention " [Application No. 201010554969.5], denomination of invention：Although a kind of method for exchanging tool of shield machine for tunnel construction ", the patent proposes Native storehouse upper wall grouting port carries out Tu Cang displacements using the filling system of shield machine and filled, but does not refer to specific displacement filling mode With specific displacement filling constructing operation method.Patent water filling cement mortar in native storehouse is synchronous with output dregs to be carried out, and is used In the native storehouse of cement mortar displacement during dregs, it is impossible to prevent that the cement mortar in conveying worm from hardening, cause damage of facilities. The patent is brought down stocks in step, and the strength of cement mortar after being hardened in native storehouse is big, abolishes difficulty greatly, time-consuming.The patent is using super The preceding grouting and reinforcing shield machine top soil body, does not account for pre-grouting constructional difficulties, grouting port is easily blocked, and speed of application is slow The shortcomings of.Therefore need badly it is a kind of reinforced without ground under the conditions of quick in layer of sand, safety balancing earth-pressure shielding machine tool changing construction party Method.
The content of the invention
For defect of the prior art, bentonite mud film is mixed it is an object of the invention to provide native storehouse mortar in a kind of layer of sand Shield machine tool changing construction method, the method overcome that ground in the prior art can not be reinforced, layer of sand protects gas ability, grouting port Easily block, mortar depositing construction operating type is indefinite, bring down stocks during abolish that hardening cement mortar difficulty is big and time-consuming, advanced The shortcomings of grouting and reinforcing constructional difficulties and big workload and deficiency, realize earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS under the conditions of being reinforced in layer of sand without ground The safe tool changing construction of machine.
To realize object above, the shield machine tool changing that the present invention provides mortar mixed bentonite mud film in native storehouse in a kind of layer of sand is applied Work method, the construction method comprises the following steps：
The first step, to cutterhead front portion alternately injection waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries：
By the grouting port on cutterhead to the anterior waterglass slurries of cutterhead, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa, until water The injection rate of glass pulp reaches V1；Then calcium chloride slurries, grouting pressure are noted to cutterhead front portion by the grouting port on cutterhead 0.2MPa is maintained at, until the injection rate of calcium chloride slurries reaches 0.1V1；Waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries occur rapidly anti- Gel should be generated, soil layer gap and the consolidation soil layer that absorbs water is filled；The volume V of the waterglass slurries1Calculated according to equation below：
V1=k π R2d
In formula：K is proportionality coefficient, and k generally takes 5%；R is the radius of cutterhead；Thickness of the d by noting bentonite slurry before cutterhead Parameter is spent, d generally takes 0.1m；
Second step, to cutterhead front portion note bentonite slurry：
After waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries fully react, swelling is noted to cutterhead front portion by the grouting port on cutterhead Native mud, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa, until the injection rate of bentonite slurry reaches V2；The volume of the bentonite slurry V2Calculated according to equation below：
V2=π R2d；
Dregs in 3rd step, the native storehouse of output：
The dregs in the native storehouse of conveying worm output is rotated, until whole dregs are exported into Tu Cang；Kept in replacement process Pressure in native storehouse is 0.15Mpa；
4th step, prepare mud film：
Pressure in the native storehouse of increase, makes the pressure in native storehouse reach 0.25MPa, holding pressure is 0.25MPa, continues 1 hour； Pressure in the native storehouse of increase, holding pressure is 0.35MPa, is continued for some time, and makes to form steady between the excavation face soil body and native storehouse Solid mud film；Progressively it is depressured, until pressure reaches 0.15Mpa；
The mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and bentonite slurry in 5th step, Xiang Tucang：
By the mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and the bentonite slurry into native storehouse of the grouting port in native storehouse, grouting pressure is 0.2MPa is until fill up Tu Cang；It is 0.15Mpa that the pressure in native storehouse is kept during slip casting；
6th step, bring down stocks tool changing：
Start within the 24th hour after the completion of 5th step, every two hours by judging cement mortar in native storehouse at people's lock relief hole With the curdled appearance of the mixed serum of bentonite slurry, after the cement mortar in native storehouse and bentonitic mixed serum solidification after, Cut the cement mortar of solidification and the mixed serum of bentonite slurry from lower to upper with pneumatic pick, Tu Cang is cleaned out, now not Chisel dish opening；Ensure cutterhead face integrality and carry out cutter changing from the bottom up, consolidated during tool changing and table top is installed, take bolt apart And self-locking nut, old knife is removed, more renews knife, bolts on；
7th step, recovery driving：
Treat that shield machine recovers driving on cutter head of shield machine after the completion of whole cutter changings.
Preferably, in the first step, the waterglass slurries are the aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate, the quality mixture ratio of waterglass slurries For sodium metasilicate：Water=1：10.
Preferably, in the first step, the quality mixture ratio of the calcium chloride slurries is calcium chloride：Water=1：3.
Preferably, in second step, the bentonite slurry is chemical slurry, is calcium-base bentonite and water, calcium with pulp material The volume ratio of base bentonite and water is 1：3.
Preferably, in the 5th step, the quality mixture ratio of the cement mortar is cement：Sand：Water=1：a：B, wherein：0.5 ≤ a≤1.5,1≤b≤2.
Preferably, in the 5th step, the quality mixture ratio of the mixed serum of the cement mortar and bentonite slurry is cement Mortar：Bentonite slurry=1：C, wherein 0.2≤c≤0.4.
Preferably, in the 6th step, if any leak in exchanging knives process, blocked using cotton-wool and leak stopping spirit.
Preferably, in the 6th step, the cutterhead opening is eating dishes without rice or wine on cutterhead, for realizing cutting dregs chip removal.
Preferably, in the 6th step, the self-locking nut is a kind of frictionally self-locking anti-loosing, the nut of vibrationproof.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：
There is provided a kind of suitable for tool changing problem for being filled in barn in layer of sand without balancing earth-pressure shielding machine under the conditions of the reinforcing of ground by the present invention The tool changing construction method that bentonite coordinates mud film is mixed for carrying out the balancing earth-pressure shielding machine under the conditions of no ground is reinforced in layer of sand, Compared to existing patented technology, the intensity of hardenite in native storehouse during bringing down stocks is effectively reduced, the difficulty for abolishing reinforcing body is reduced Degree, it is to avoid difficult pre-grouting construction operation, it is therefore prevented that the cement mortar hardening in conveying worm causes damage of facilities, Mortar depositing construction operating type is specify that, construction operation amount is effectively reduced；Engineering time of the invention is short, efficiency high, security By force.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description made with reference to the following drawings to non-limiting example, further feature of the invention, Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the balancing earth-pressure shielding machine schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cutterhead grouting port position view in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the mud film location schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the native storehouse Nei Tu storehouses grouting port position view in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will be helpful to the technology of this area Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that to the ordinary skill of this area For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention Protection domain.
As Figure 1-4, the shield machine tool changing of the mixed bentonite mud film of native storehouse mortar is applied in a kind of layer of sand of the present embodiment offer Work method, for Guangzhou tunnel, cutter head of shield machine bottom depth is underground 14m, and stop position upper base is intersection, For prevent excessive wear because of cutter, burst with the destruction cutter head structure such as stuck, influence normal construction operation, need to be changed using filling in barn The construction method of knife, it is ensured that tool changing construction safety is effectively carried out, Specific construction step is summarized as follows：
The first step, construction field geology investigation：
Determine 6m below the present position of cutter head of shield machine bottom to the stratum of upper base by consulting geologic prospect report The infiltration coefficient of distribution situation, each soil layer；Investigate cutter head of shield machine upper base situation (i.e. oblique from 45 ° of cutter head of shield machine bottom surface Line passes to earth's surface scope top existing building or structures condition), it is determined whether there is ground to reinforce condition.
The distribution of strata of 6m to upper base is below the present position of the present embodiment cutter head of shield machine bottom：Thickness is 5m's The plain fill layer that the layer of sand and thickness that argillic horizon, thickness are 10.5m are 4.5m, cutter head of shield machine is in layer of sand；Argillic horizon Infiltration coefficient is 1.5m/d, and the infiltration coefficient of layer of sand is 10m/d；The infiltration coefficient of plain fill layer is 0.4m/d.Shield machine top Ground is intersection, and no ground reinforces condition.
Second step, determine cutter replacing method：
Determine that shield machine is located in layer of sand, and condition is reinforced without ground, can not carry out normal pressure to shield machine under the conditions of change Knife, while layer of sand protects gas ability, it is impossible to carry out tool changing with pressure in layer of sand.So constructed for shield machine tool changing in layer of sand, It is determined that the filling in barn of coordinating mud film to block excavation face and make it stable of being filled in barn using the mixed serum of cement mortar and bentonite slurry Cutter replacing method.
3rd step, to cutterhead front portion alternately injection waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries：
By the grouting port on cutterhead to the anterior waterglass slurries of cutterhead, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa.Cutterhead half Footpath R is 3m, according to V1=k π R2D, draws V1=141L, i.e. injection rate V1Stop slip casting when reaching 141L.Then by cutterhead Grouting port to cutterhead front portion note calcium chloride slurries, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa, until the injection rate of calcium chloride slurries Reach 0.1V1, i.e., stop slip casting when injection rate reaches 14.1L.Now, waterglass slurries react rapidly generation with calcium chloride slurries The anterior soil body space of gel filling cutterhead, the water in the soil body is fully absorbed, cutterhead front portion soil solidifying.Cutterhead on cutterhead Grouting port position is as shown in Figure 2.
4th step, to cutterhead front portion note bentonite slurry：
Waterglass slurries before half an hour, cutterhead are waited fully to be reacted with calcium chloride slurries；By the grouting port on cutterhead to Cutterhead front portion note bentonite slurry, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.15MPa.Cutter radius R is 3m, according to V2=π R2D, draws V2= 2828L, i.e. grouting amount V2Stop slip casting when reaching 2828L.Now cutterhead front portion is full of bentonite slurry.Now shield machine state As shown in Figure 1.
Dregs in 5th step, the native storehouse of output：
The dregs in the native storehouse of conveying worm output is rotated, until whole dregs are exported into Tu Cang, i.e. conveying worm not Untill exporting dregs again；Continue to note bentonite slurry, until filling Tu Cang completely, stop note bentonite slurry；In replacement process, It is 0.15MPa to keep the pressure in native storehouse.
6th step, prepare mud film：
Pressurization, makes in native storehouse pressure reach 0.25MPa, pressurize 1 hour, now the mud between Tu Cang and the anterior soil body of cutterhead Film starts dehydration, consolidation；Pressurization, makes in native storehouse pressure reach 0.35MPa, pressurize 4 hours, now the excavation face soil body and native storehouse it Between form firm mud film；Progressively it is depressured, until pressure reaches 0.15MPa；Mud film location such as Fig. 3 institutes prepared by this step Show.
The mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and bentonite slurry in 7th step, Xiang Tucang：
The ratio between sand and cement quality a values are 0.75 in cement mortar, and the ratio between water and cement quality b values are 1.18, swollen The native mud of profit is 0.25 with cement mortar mass ratio c values, by the grouting port in native storehouse into native storehouse water filling cement mortar and The mixed serum of bentonite slurry is until fill up Tu Cang, and grouting pressure is 0.2MPa；Pressure is in the native storehouse of holding during slip casting 0.15Mpa；Native storehouse grouting port position in native storehouse is as shown in Figure 4.
8th step, bring down stocks tool changing：
Start within the 24th hour after the completion of 7th step, every two hours by judging cement mortar in native storehouse at people's lock relief hole With the curdled appearance of the mixed serum of bentonite slurry, after backfill storehouse is completed 72 hours, cement mortar and bentonite in native storehouse The mixed serum of mud solidifies completely, now in native storehouse the cement mortar of solidification and the mixed serum intensity of bentonite slurry compared with It is low, abolish difficulty low；With pneumatic pick from the lower mixed serum toward the cement mortar and bentonite slurry that cut solidification, Tu Cang is cleared up Totally, now not chisel dish opening；Ensure cutterhead face integrality and carry out cutter changing from the bottom up, erecting bed is consolidated during tool changing Face, takes bolt and self-locking nut apart, removes old knife, more renews knife, bolt on.There is no leak in exchanging knives process.Bring down stocks tool changing During, face and stable level.
9th step, recovery driving：
Treat that shield machine recovers driving on cutter head of shield machine after the completion of whole cutter changings.
There is provided a kind of suitable for tool changing problem for being filled in barn in layer of sand without balancing earth-pressure shielding machine under the conditions of the reinforcing of ground by the present invention Filled in barn cooperation mud film envelope for carrying out the mixed serum of cement mortar under the conditions of no ground is reinforced and bentonite slurry in layer of sand Stifled excavation face and the cutter replacing method of filling in barn made it stable, compared to existing patented technology, this method is effectively reduced bring down stocks during The intensity of hardenite in native storehouse, reduce the difficulty for abolishing reinforcing body, it is to avoid difficult pre-grouting construction operation, it is therefore prevented that Cement mortar hardening in conveying worm causes damage of facilities, specify that mortar depositing construction operating type, effectively reduces and apply Work workload；Engineering time of the invention is short, efficiency high, high safety.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow Ring the substance of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in a kind of layer of sand, it is characterised in that the construction Method comprises the following steps：
The first step, to cutterhead front portion alternately injection waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries：
By the grouting port on cutterhead to the anterior waterglass slurries of cutterhead, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa, until waterglass The injection rate of slurries reaches V1；Then by the grouting port on cutterhead to cutterhead front portion note calcium chloride slurries, grouting pressure is kept In 0.2MPa, until the injection rate of calcium chloride slurries reaches 0.1V1；Waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries react rapidly life Into gel, soil layer gap and the consolidation soil layer that absorbs water are filled；The volume V of the waterglass slurries1Calculated according to equation below：
V1=k π R2d
In formula：K is proportionality coefficient, and k takes 5%；R is the radius of cutterhead；The thickness that d notes bentonite slurry by cutterhead front portion is joined Number, d takes 0.1m；
Second step, to cutterhead front portion note bentonite slurry：
After waterglass slurries and calcium chloride slurries fully react, bentonite mud is noted to cutterhead front portion by the grouting port on cutterhead Slurry, grouting pressure is maintained at 0.2MPa, until the injection rate of bentonite slurry reaches volume V2；The volume of the bentonite slurry V2Calculated according to equation below：
V2=π R2d；
Dregs in 3rd step, the native storehouse of output：
The dregs in the native storehouse of conveying worm output is rotated, until whole dregs are exported into Tu Cang；Tu Cang is kept in replacement process Interior pressure is 0.15Mpa；
4th step, prepare mud film：
Pressure in the native storehouse of increase, makes the pressure in native storehouse reach 0.25MPa, holding pressure is 0.25MPa, continues 1 hour；Increase Pressure in native storehouse, holding pressure is 0.35MPa, is continued for some time, and makes to form what is consolidated between the excavation face soil body and native storehouse Mud film；Progressively it is depressured, until pressure reaches 0.15Mpa；
The mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and bentonite slurry in 5th step, Xiang Tucang：
By the mixed serum of water filling cement mortar and the bentonite slurry into native storehouse of the grouting port in native storehouse, grouting pressure is 0.2MPa is until fill up Tu Cang；It is 0.15Mpa that the pressure in native storehouse is kept during slip casting；
6th step, bring down stocks tool changing：
Start within the 24th hour after the completion of 5th step, every two hours by judging in native storehouse cement mortar at people's lock relief hole and swollen The curdled appearance of the mixed serum of the native mud of profit, after the mixed serum of the cement mortar in native storehouse and bentonite slurry solidifies, Cut the cement mortar of solidification and the mixed serum of bentonite slurry from lower to upper with pneumatic pick, Tu Cang is cleaned out, now not Chisel dish opening；Ensure cutterhead face integrality and carry out cutter changing from the bottom up, consolidated during tool changing and table top is installed, take bolt apart And self-locking nut, old knife is removed, more renews knife, bolts on；If any leak in exchanging knives process, carried out using cotton-wool and leak stopping spirit Closure；
7th step, recovery driving：
Treat that shield machine recovers driving on cutter head of shield machine after the completion of whole cutter changings.
2. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in layer of sand according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, in the first step, the waterglass slurries are the aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate, and the quality mixture ratio of waterglass slurries is silicic acid Sodium：Water=1：10.
3. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in layer of sand according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, in the first step, the quality mixture ratio of the calcium chloride slurries is calcium chloride：Water=1：3.
4. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in layer of sand according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, in second step, the bentonite slurry is chemical slurry, is calcium-base bentonite and water, calcium-base bentonite with pulp material Volume ratio with water is 1：3.
5. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in layer of sand according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, in the 5th step, the quality mixture ratio of the cement mortar is cement：Sand：Water=1：a：B, wherein：0.5≤a≤1.5, 1≤b≤2。
6. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in layer of sand according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, in the 5th step, the quality mixture ratio of the mixed serum of the cement mortar and bentonite slurry is cement mortar：Swelling Native mud=1：C, wherein 0.2≤c≤0.4.
7. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction party of bentonite mud film in the layer of sand according to claim any one of 1-6 Method, it is characterised in that in the 6th step, the cutterhead opening is eating dishes without rice or wine on cutterhead, for realizing cutting dregs chip removal.
8. native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction party of bentonite mud film in the layer of sand according to claim any one of 1-6 Method, it is characterised in that in the 6th step, the self-locking nut is a kind of frictionally self-locking anti-loosing, the nut of vibrationproof.
CN201510730726.5A 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 Native storehouse mortar mixes the shield machine tool changing construction method of bentonite mud film in a kind of layer of sand CN105257308B (en)

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CN105697024B (en) * 2016-03-10 2019-04-02 上海隧道工程有限公司 Tool changing construction method of the super big diameter mud water air balance shield in soft soil layer
CN105697025A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-06-22 中铁隧道股份有限公司 Escape device of bentonite improving shield tunneling machine and construction method thereof
CN107201905A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-26 中铁十九局集团轨道交通工程有限公司 Shield center girff renovation technique at ambient pressure in upper-soft lower-hard ground
CN108086987A (en) * 2018-01-11 2018-05-29 河海大学 EPB shield tunneling driving keeps the control method that excavation face is stablized in upper-soft lower-hard ground
CN110847919A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-28 中铁四局集团有限公司 Method for assisting in keeping pressure of soil bin stable by adopting novel mixed slurry
CN110966011A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-07 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 Method for manufacturing combined mud film for shield air pressure opening
CN111022064A (en) * 2020-01-01 2020-04-17 中铁四局集团有限公司 Mud sinking prevention and grouting slurry for shield construction
CN111305860A (en) * 2020-04-15 2020-06-19 中铁四局集团有限公司 Shield under-pressure opening method for strong-permeability and water-permeable stratum

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CN102758635B (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-10-29 中铁二局股份有限公司 Construction method for tool changing under pressure in shield of water-rich silty soil and silty sand stratum under station tracks of railways
CN104653190A (en) * 2013-11-25 2015-05-27 天津城建隧道股份有限公司 Full-face gravel bed earth pressure balanced shield tunnel engineering method
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