CN105255777A - Method for producing bio-organic fertilizer through pig manure and mushroom residues - Google Patents
Method for producing bio-organic fertilizer through pig manure and mushroom residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides microorganism bacillus subtilis Lys-979 for efficiently and quickly fermenting pig manure and mushroom residues and a technological method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer through fermentation of microorganism bacillus subtilis Lys-979. The preservation serial number of microorganism bacillus subtilis Lys-979 is CGMCC No.11333, according to the pig manure and the mushroom residues fermented through the strain, fermentation base materials are quickly decomposed in 18-22 days, and the physical and chemical indicators meet the new standard of organic fertilizer; on the basis, a functional anti-biological inoculant is compounded, the bio-organic fertilizer with the control function on pest and disease damage of crops is prepared, the problems that at present, pollution is caused by excrement in production and husbandry and waste straw residues, and compost is long in fermentation time and high in cost are fundamentally solved, and the sustainable development of agricultural production is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and utilize agriculture wastes to turn waste into wealth, obtain the production method of biological organic fertilizer, belong to fertilizer biological technical field.
Background technology
Raising pigs is the maximum herding mainstay industry of China, and pork is the maximum meat product of China's consumption, and within 2014, China live pig delivers 73,510 ten thousand for sale, pork output 5,671 ten thousand tons.But large scale of pig farm brings a large amount of pig manures, the live pig fecaluria every day discharge of 100 kilograms every reaches 10 kilograms.Pig manure foul smell is felt sick, and parasitic ovum exceeds standard, unsuitable directly as Term Fertilization, more can not arbitrarily discharge.The treatment process of current pig manure has biogas fermentation method, compost fermentation method, direct returning to farmland method etc.As, Qin Yinglin uses Japanese EM bacterium, discloses one " a kind of method utilizing pig manure to produce fertilizer ", publication number: CN103964942A; Yellow foundation has utilized sun power to isolate moist chamber and has invented " a kind of method processing pig manure production fertilizer ", publication number: CN101279861B.The investment of biogas fermentation method is comparatively large, faces the harmless treatment of natural pond liquid and natural pond slag equally.Spontaneous fermentation compost overlong time, often needs the time of the 3-6 month more than just can complete; Direct returning to farmland method dynamics is limited, and effect slowly, can bring disadvantageous effect to fertilising person's phychology and health, if improper use also can burn seedling.Visible, efficiently, resource utilization, harmless treatment pig manure rapidly, pig manure is turned waste into wealth, day by day becomes outstanding environmental problem.
In addition, the output of Chinese mushroom has reached 70.6% of world mushroom ultimate production in 2002, becomes Mushroom production state maximum in the world, country of consumption and export State.2014, China's mushroom yield is close to 9,000,000 tons, waste residue enormous amount after Mushroom production, reaches more than 1,500 ten thousand tons, is a kind of organic resource that can turn waste into wealth, mushroom residue mainly contains the compositions such as corn cob, wood sawdust, wheat bran, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose level are higher, and quality pine comb, for regulating the structure of soil after fermentation, keep soil from packing together, there is good opsonization.
The resource utilization of agricultural wastes, Market research have been the focus in agricultural application field, and correlative study report is more, is domesticly progressively accumulating and formed the science of comparison, practicality, the technique of operability, technology, method.As, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Inst has applied for the patent of invention (application number of " a kind of fertile medicine double effect biological organic fertilizer preventing and treating soil-borne disease of crop and preparation method thereof ", CN201210307075), this method species used reaches more than 10 kinds, because bacterial strain is many, what be difficult to control in fermentation process is shifting, is not easy to agriculture production actually operating.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the processing method that a kind of rapidly and efficiently ferment pig manure and mushroom residue produce biological organic fertilizer, pig manure and mushroom residue through subtilis Lys-979 quick composting, deodorizing; Again composite there is antagonism or suppress crop harmful fungoid (as, rice sheath blight disease, sickle-like bacteria, flavus, black shank etc.) probiotic bacterium, as, subtilis CGMCCNo.2495, or subtilis Lys-67, or insect suppresses bacterial strain Tribactur AS1.433.Obtain existing fertilizer efficiency, have again the biological organic fertilizer of controlling crop diseases and insect pests, husbandry waste pollution resource is turned waste into wealth, and is realized by following steps.
Therefore, the present invention's first goal of the invention is to provide a kind of subtilis Lys-979 (Bacillussubtilis), wherein said Lys-979 bacterial strain was preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center on 09 08th, 2015, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City.
(1) the invention provides a kind of high temperature quick fermentation microbial inoculum.
The acquisition of fermentation strain Lys-979: weed the maize straw of the wet heap of garden high temperature, straw, tobacco rod heap separating obtained from Agricultural University Of Hunan, through identification of morphology and 16SRNA evolutionary tree Molecular Identification, bacterial strain Lys-979 is subtilis.Subtilis Lys-979 (Bacillussubtilis) is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333 on September 8th, 2015.It is characterized in that: subtilis Lys-979 bacterial classification living bacteria count is high, inoculation solid fermentation microbial inoculum is greater than 20,000,000,000/g, or liquid fermentation agent is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL; Subtilis Lys-979 fermented manure quick heating, in summer, compost 2 days, just can reach more than 60 DEG C, 3-5 days in heap, compost temperature reaches more than 78 DEG C, is conducive to base-material quick composting.Winter, compost 3 days, compost temperature just can reach more than 55 DEG C, 4-5 days, and compost temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, is conducive to base-material quick composting; Subtilis Lys-979 heatproof is high, keeps 24 hours more than 80 DEG C, and viability keeps 80%.
The preparation of fermented bacterium Lys-979 liquid production kind: prepare in example at the present invention's preferred fermenting agent, described microbial inoculum can use three grades of liquid fermentations to complete.
The preparation of shake-flask seed, inoculated bacterial strain Lys-979 test tube slant in a ring to 4 bottle 500mL triangular flask, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 18 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL.
The preparation of first order seed, by bacterial strain Lys-979 shake-flask seed liquid 1000mL altogether, is seeded in 15L fermentor tank by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 10L, liquid amount about 75%, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min, air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL.
The preparation of secondary seed, by bacterial strain Lys-979 first order seed 10L, by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique pipeline culture transferring in 150L fermentor tank; Its culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 100L, liquid amount about 75%, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 100rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number reaches 80 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL.
The preparation of three grades of seeds, by bacterial strain Lys-979 secondary seed 100L, by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique pipeline culture transferring in 2000L fermentor tank, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 1000L, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 50rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL, namely can be used as pig manure fermented liq microbial inoculum.
Prepare in example at another preferred solid fermentation microbial inoculum of the present invention, described microbial inoculum can use shaking flask liquid seeds and two-stage solid seed fermentation to complete.
The preparation of shake-flask seed, inoculated bacterial strain Lys-979 test tube slant in a ring to 4 bottle 500mL triangular flask, some, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 18 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL.
The preparation of one-level solid seed, by bacterial strain Lys-979 shake-flask seed liquid 1000mL, is seeded in 200 bottles of 500mL triangular flasks by 1:40 (w/w) aseptic technique, every bottle of substratum 100g; Culture medium prescription is wheat bran 25%, mushroom residue 25%, water 50%, pH nature, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; 37 DEG C, ferment 24 ~ 36 hours, bacterium number reaches 100 ~ 20,000,000,000/g.
The preparation of secondary solid seed, by bacterial strain Lys-979 one-level solid seed, is seeded in 200 dish 40cm × 60cm × 5cm stainless steel tray by 1:40 (w/w) aseptic technique, often coils substratum 4kg; Culture medium prescription is wheat bran 25%, mushroom residue 25%, water 50%, pH nature, 124 DEG C of sterilizing 40min; 37 DEG C, ferment 36 ~ 48 hours, air stream drying is to water content 6% ~ 8%, and bacterium number is greater than 20,000,000,000/g (dry weight), namely can be used as pig manure solid fermentation microbial inoculum.
(2) the invention provides a kind of processing method of rapidly and efficiently fermentation maturity pig manure-mushroom residue.
Choosing of fermentation stockyard: open large-scale fermentation rain shade is selected in fermentation stockyard, fermentation canopy free height more than 4 meters, length and width are not limit, the open ventilation of surrounding; Fermented manure can be that ridge formula is stacked, and ground even, is convenient to forklift turning, and walkway 40 ~ 60cm is left on every ridge; Or have slot type to be stacked in fermentation canopy, track is laid in the both sides of groove, is convenient to stack turner turning mixing back and forth.Fermentation base-material is wide 3 ~ 6 meters, and high 1.2 ~ 1.8 meters, length is greater than 20 meters.
The preparation of organic fertilizer fermentation base-material is inoculated with fermenting agent: by the fresh pig dung of water content 65% ~ 80%, in 6:1 ~ 8:1 ratio and water content lower than 20% mushroom residue mix, water content allotment is to 50% ~ 60%, spray inoculation subtilis Lys-979 tri-grades of liquid seeds, inoculum size is 1 ton of mixture inoculation Lys-979 liquid starter 2000mL simultaneously; Or combined inoculation subtilis Lys-979 secondary solid seed, inoculum size is 1 ton of mixture inoculation Lys-979 liquid starter 1kg, by microbial inoculum Lys-979 and mixing of materials even, make organic fertilizer fermentation base-material, base-material heap is set to ridge type, or heap is laid in fermenter, mainly utilizes a small amount of original microorganism raw material fermentation in heat-resistant bacillus Lys-979 and base-material to produce fertilizer.
Turning oxygenation and quick composting: before compost fermentation 2 ~ 3 days, membrane covering fermentation base-material, heat and moisture preserving, accelerated warming, when pile core temperature reaches more than 45 DEG C, removes mulch film; Pile core temperature starts with forklift (ridge formula fermentation heap) or track type pile turning machine (trough type fermentation heap) turning when reaching more than 55 DEG C, turning in 2 ~ 3 days 1 time is piled more than warm 60 temperature and maintained more than 5 days.In summer, only need the quick composting completing fermentation base-material for 12 ~ 15 days; In winter, only need the quick composting completing fermentation base-material for 18 ~ 22 days, fermentation period shortens greatly than spontaneous fermentation and other production methods.
Compost quality controls: control compost fermentation temperature, fermentation time, turning number of times, makes compost water content lower than 30%, and color and luster turns black, odorless; Other physical and chemical indexs meet organic fertilizer new standard NY525-2011, enter the composite operation of crop biocontrol bacterial fertilizer after requisite quality.
(3) the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of biological control bacterial manure.
In compost fermentation latter stage, water content is lower than 30%, color and luster turns black, odorless, and heap temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, after other physical and chemical indexs meet national organic fertilizer industry standard, in the base-material become thoroughly decomposed, add Biological control function microbial inoculum, utilize stack turner or forklift mixing, then to sieve mixing through 10 order vibratory screening apparatuss, make dissimilar biological control type fertilizer, check rear packaging warehouse-in up to standard.
Preferably, described Biological control function microbial inoculum can be commercially available Tribactur AS1.433 microbial inoculum, and fertilizer per ton adds 5kg containing gemma 40,000,000,000/g microbial inoculum, through being mixed and made into the biological organic fertilizer preventing and treating lepidopteran, coleopteron, it is containing bacillus thuringiensis 200,000,000/g.
Preferably, described Biological control function microbial inoculum, can be the patent bacterial classification CGMCCNo.2495 of Changsha Shuidisha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., the microbial inoculum of gemma 1,000 hundred million/g is bought under grant item, fertilizer per ton adds 2kg containing gemma 1,000 hundred million/g microbial inoculum, through being mixed and made into the fertilizer special for organic preventing and treating flavus harm peanut, it is containing the subtilis 200,000,000/g of antagonism flavus.
Preferably, described Biological control function microbial inoculum, rice sheath blight disease antagonistic strain Lys-67 can be bought from Agricultural University Of Hunan's biological scientific experiment room, under grant item, fermentative production makes the microbial inoculum of 20,000,000,000/g voluntarily, fertilizer per ton adds 10kg containing gemma 20,000,000,000/g microbial inoculum, through being mixed and made into the fertilizer special for organic of energy water prevention sheath and culm blight of rice hazard rice, it is containing the subtilis 200,000,000/g of antagonism rice sheath blight disease.
Described biological control bacterial manure, its essential characteristic is except comprising fertilizer sense organ and physical and chemical index all meets except organic fertilizer new standard NY525-2011, namely, organic content >=45%, total nutrient >=5%, water content≤30%, pH5.5 ~ 8.5, worm's ovum mortality ratio >=98%, colibacillus of excrement group number≤50/g; In every gram of dry matter, arsenic As≤30, mercury Hg≤30, plumbous Pb≤100, cadmium Cd≤3, chromium Cr≤300; Also specifically add biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type genus bacillus, its viable count >=200,000,000/g.
Technical superiority:
Compared with prior art, the present invention in quick composting agriculture wastes pig manure and mushroom residue, crop pest biological control, have significant advantage and technical progress in Soil structure improvement.
One be that starter component is simple, ferment effect rapidly and efficiently, technique, place simplify, and environmental friendliness, is convenient to actually operating.The experimental result of embodiment 7 table 1 can be found out, Lys-979 single fermentation of the present invention agent, in conjunction with in the fiber degradation fungi that mushroom residue is own, just can reach effect of mixed culture fermentation.Obviously be better than commercially available EM mixed fungus fermentation agent, leavening temperature exceeds more than 6 DEG C, and fermentation period shortens 5 days, reduces time cost.Fermentation place output investment ratio is more motor-driven, if there is economic condition, can adopts track turning trough type fermentation, fermentation plant place, can use steel framed structure, without the need to sealing; Fermentation place also can use the fermentation of forklift turning ridge formula, fermentation plant, galvanized pipe can be used to add a cover the simple plastic greenhouse of color steel watt, invest little, reduce fixed cost.Therefore, be particularly suitable for large-scale pig farm fermentative production on the spot, both can reduce pig manure transportation cost, pig manure also can be avoided to transport affects nearby residents life and environmental pollution; By quick fermentation, pig manure and mushroom residue are turned waste into wealth, and do not have the discharge of waste water, waste residue, reach effect of killing two birds with one stone.
Two is product function multiple-effect, apart from fertilizer efficiency, outside promoting that crop yield increases income, also reduces the generation of disease and pest, can improve Soil structure simultaneously, prevent soil block from degenerating, guarantee arable land Sustainable Production.The embodiment of the present invention 11,12,13 table 2,3,4 results show, use the function that biological organic fertilizer of the present invention generally has volume increase, increasing production of rice rate is greater than 4%, and peanut yield increasing rate is greater than 10%.Meanwhile, due to composite functional bacterial strain, e.g., Tribactur and subtilis are internationally recognized probiotic strains, harmless to people, animal, crop, thus have the function of controlling crop diseases and insect pests; Be particularly conducive to the generation of controlling disease, wherein 69.7% reached to the control rate of rice sheath blight disease, 73.1% is reached to the control rate of peanut fungal infection.The embodiment of the present invention 15 table 5 result shows, due to pig manure-mushroom residue quality pine comb, use biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, the soil weight obviously reduces, and is 1.03g/cm
3, ﹤ 0.01mm soil particle aggregation degree increases, up to 94.1%.Product is used in and improves Soil structure, and control soil block is degenerated, and strengthens soil water-retaining, ventilation, promotes the Be very effective of soil microbial activity aspect.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed by embodiment, but it is not limited to any one or similar example of these embodiments.
Embodiment 1, subtilis Lys-979 obtains
Separating obtained high temperature resistant genus bacillus Lys-979 the maize straw of the wet heap of garden high temperature, straw, tobacco rod heap is weeded from Agricultural University Of Hunan, through identification of morphology and 16SRNA evolutionary tree Molecular Identification, bacterial strain Lys-979 is subtilis (Bacillussubtilis).Subtilis Lys-979 is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333 on September 8th, 2015.
Embodiment 2, the preparation of subtilis Lys-979 liquid fermentation agent
Inoculated bacterial strain Lys-979 test tube slant in a ring to 4 bottle 500mL triangular flask, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 18 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL, is prepared into shake-flask seed; Again by bacterial strain Lys-979 shake-flask seed liquid 1000mL, be seeded in 15L fermentor tank by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 10L, liquid amount about 75%, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min, air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL, is prepared into first order seed; Further by bacterial strain Lys-979 first order seed 10L, by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique pipeline culture transferring in 150L fermentor tank; Its culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 100L, liquid amount about 70%, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 100rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number reaches 80 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL, is prepared into secondary seed; Finally by bacterial strain Lys-979 secondary seed 100L, by 1:10 (v/v) aseptic technique pipeline culture transferring in 2000L fermentor tank, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, GP330 defoamer 0.03%, pH7.0, tap water 1000L, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; Air flow (1:1, v/v), 40 DEG C, 50rpm fermentation 12 ~ 15 hours, bacterium number is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL, is prepared into three grades of seeds, namely can be used as pig manure liquid fermentation agent.
Embodiment 3, the preparation of subtilis Lys-979 solid fermentation microbial inoculum
Inoculated bacterial strain Lys-979 test tube slant in a ring to 4 bottle 500mL triangular flask, some, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 18 hours, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL, is prepared into shake-flask seed; Again by bacterial strain Lys-979 shake-flask seed liquid 1000mL, be seeded in 200 bottles of 500mL triangular flasks by 1:40 (w/w) aseptic technique, every bottle of substratum 100g; Culture medium prescription is wheat bran 25%, mushroom residue 25%, water 50%, pH nature, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min; 37 DEG C, ferment 24 ~ 36 hours, bacterium number reaches 100 ~ 20,000,000,000/g, is prepared into one-level solid seed; Finally by bacterial strain Lys-979 one-level solid seed, be seeded in 200 dish 40cm × 60cm × 5cm stainless steel tray by 1:40 (w/w) aseptic technique, often coil substratum 4kg; Culture medium prescription is wheat bran 25%, mushroom residue 25%, water 50%, pH nature, 124 DEG C of sterilizing 40min; 37 DEG C, ferment 36 ~ 48 hours, air stream drying is to water content 6% ~ 8%, and viable count is greater than 20,000,000,000/g (dry weight), is prepared into secondary solid seed, namely can be used as pig manure solid fermentation microbial inoculum.
Embodiment 4, the thermal test of subtilis Lys-979 solid fermentation microbial inoculum
Be the subtilis Lys-979 solid fermentation microbial inoculum 100g of 20,000,000,000/g by viable count, in the thermostat container process 24 hours of 80 DEG C, measure viable count before and after process.Result shows, Lys-979 solid fermentation microbial inoculum is the thermostat container process of 80 DEG C after 24 hours, and viable count still reaches 16,200,000,000/g, survival rate 81%, illustrates that fermenting agent is high temperature resistant, is conducive to carrying out During High-Temperature Composting fermentation.
Embodiment 5, the quick composting of pig manure, mushroom residue
In the open ventilation of surrounding without sealing, long 32 meters, wide 24 meters, in the fermentation rain shade of high 4.5 meters, 104 tons of fresh pig dungs (water content about 65%) and 18 tons of Pleurotus eryngii slags (water content about 15%) are mixed with forklift, fermentation base-material is made in mixing, while mixing, inoculate the agent of 1 kilogram of subtilis Lys-979 solid fermentation by pig manure per ton-mushroom residue mixture, fermenting agent viable count is greater than 20,000,000,000/g; And then base-material ridge formula is stacked, the every row spacing of fermentation base-material 3 meters, high 1.2 meters, long 25 meters, walkway 40cm is left on every ridge, the membrane covering of base-material heap, starts compost fermentation.Period, be greater than 1 meter of inserted-link type thermometer by inserted link length and measure pile core temperature, every day measures once, and 2 days heap temperature of fermenting reach 49 DEG C, take down mulch film, and use forklift turning; 4 days heap temperature of fermenting reach 62 DEG C; Ferment and reach 68 DEG C in 5 days, persistently overheating afterwards, be up to 78 DEG C, moisture constantly volatilizees in fermentation and turning process; When turning in summer, high-temperature vapor is also high-visible.Temperature after 11 days of fermenting starts to decline, and through repeatedly turning, when 14 days, moisture is lower than 30%, and fermentation base-material blackout, foul smell significantly reduces, and fermentation completes substantially.
Embodiment 6, the quick composting of pig manure, mushroom residue
In the open ventilation of another surrounding without sealing, long 40 meters, wide 28 meters, in the frame-type fermentation rain shade of high 6 meters, by 218 tons of fresh pig dungs (water content about 60%) and 42 tons of Pleurotus eryngii slags (water content about 15%), evenly down to wide 4 meters, high 2 meters, in the trough type fermentation groove of long 30 meters, mix back and forth with track type pile turning machine, fermentation base-material is made in mixing, high 1.5 meters, while mixing, inoculate 2 kilograms of subtilis Lys-979 liquid starters by pig manure per ton-mushroom residue mixture, fermenting agent viable count is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL; The membrane covering of base-material heap, starts compost fermentation.Period, be greater than 1 meter of inserted-link type thermometer by inserted link length and measure pile core temperature, every day measures once, and 2 days heap temperature of fermenting reach 45 DEG C, take down mulch film, and turning, 5 days heap temperature of fermenting reach 60 DEG C; Ferment and reach 68 DEG C in 6 days, be up to 73 DEG C, persistently overheating afterwards, moisture constantly volatilizees in fermentation and turning process; In the winter time during turning, high-temperature vapor is also high-visible.Temperature after 13 days of fermenting starts to decline, and through repeatedly turning, when 18 days, moisture is lower than 30%, and fermentation base-material blackout, foul smell significantly reduces, and fermentation completes substantially.
Embodiment 7, different fermentations agent is on the impact of the quick composting of pig manure, mushroom residue
In the open ventilation of another surrounding without sealing, in fermentation rain shade, every ridge is prepared 10 tons of pig manures-mushroom residue (6:1, w/w) and to be fermented base-material 3 ridge, and every ridge is high 1 meter, wide 3 meters, is about 6 meters.In summer, do not inoculate microbial inoculum respectively for contrast (ck), inoculate commercially available EM fermenting agent and inoculation subtilis Lys-979 liquid starter simultaneous test, its fermentation maturity the results are shown in Table 1.
The agent of table 1. different fermentations is to the time of the quick composting of pig manure, mushroom residue and temperature comparisons
| Compost number | Inoculation microbial inoculum | Compost top temperature | Fully become thoroughly decomposed the time |
| 1 | Do not inoculate (spontaneous fermentation) | 47℃ | Be greater than 40 days |
| 2 | Inoculation EM microbial inoculum | 67℃ | 24 days |
| 3 | Inoculation Lys-979 starter | 73℃ | 19 days |
As known from Table 1, inoculating starter is more effective than spontaneous fermentation, and fermentation time shortens dramatically; Lys-979 liquid starter is poorer than the heap temperature highest temperature of commercially available EM fermenting agent exceeds 6 DEG C, and fermentation maturity cycle time 5 days, completes fertilizer in 19 days and become thoroughly decomposed.
Embodiment 8, the preparation of Biological control function biological organic fertilizer
In compost fermentation latter stage, water content is lower than 30%, and color and luster turns black, without obvious stink, when heap temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, from the Tribactur AS1.433 microbial inoculum of commercially available 40,000,000,000/g, fertilizer per ton adds 5kg microbial inoculum, through mixing, after 10 order vibratory screening apparatuss, qualified rear packaging warehouse-in, the obtained biological organic fertilizer 100 tons preventing and treating lepidopteran, coleopteron, it is containing bacillus thuringiensis 200,000,000/g.
Embodiment 9, the preparation of Biological control function biological organic fertilizer
In compost fermentation latter stage, water content is lower than 30%, and color and luster turns black, without obvious stink, when heap temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, from the patent bacterial classification CGMCCNo.2495 of Changsha Shuidisha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., buy the microbial inoculum of gemma 1,000 hundred million/g, under grant item, fertilizer per ton adds 2kg microbial inoculum, through mixing 10 order vibratory screening apparatuss, qualified rear packaging warehouse-in, the obtained fertilizer special for organic 60 tons preventing and treating flavus harm peanut, it is containing the subtilis 200,000,000/g of antagonism flavus.
Embodiment 10, the preparation of Biological control function biological organic fertilizer
In compost fermentation latter stage, water content is lower than 30%, color and luster turns black, without obvious stink, when heap temperature is lower than 40 DEG C, rice sheath blight disease antagonistic strain Lys-67 is bought from Agricultural University Of Hunan's biological scientific experiment room, under grant item, fermentative production makes the solid fungicide of 20,000,000,000/g voluntarily, fertilizer per ton adds 10kg microbial inoculum, through mixing 10 order vibratory screening apparatuss, qualified rear packaging warehouse-in, the fertilizer special for organic 120 tons of obtained energy water prevention sheath and culm blight of rice hazard rice, it is containing the subtilis 200,000,000/g of antagonism rice sheath blight disease.
Embodiment 11, embodiment 8 prevents and treats the effect of lepidopteran, coleopteron fertilizer special for organic
Select the more rice test field of insect pest incidence in the past a, each two pieces of b, every block 10 mu; The wherein experimental plot a biocontrol bacterial fertilizer 150kg that every mu is used containing bacillus thuringiensis 200,000,000/g before tillering phase, experimental plot b before tillering phase every mu use and do not compare containing the fertilizer 150kg of bacillus thuringiensis, 5 points are got by diagonal method, each point gets 200 strains, measure homophyletic number with the rice yield of area and rice strain insect pest rate, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of rice yield and pest control
As known from Table 2, the fertilizer used containing bacillus thuringiensis has certain production-increasing function to rice yield, reaches 47.9% to the anti-improvement rate of insect pest.
Embodiment 12, embodiment 9 prevents and treats the effect of the fertilizer special for organic of flavus harm peanut
Alternative selects Peanut in Dry land experimental plot c, each two pieces of d, every block 1 mu; Wherein the phase every mu uses the biocontrol bacterial fertilizer 200kg of the bacterial strain CGMCCNo.2495 (200,000,000/g) containing antagonism flavus to experimental plot c prior to seeding, use containing the fertilizer 200kg of bacterial strain of antagonism flavus do not compare prior to seeding by the phase every mu for experimental plot d, 5 points are got by diagonal method, each point gets 50 strains, measure homophyletic number with the peanut yield of area and fungi to the infection rate of peanut pod, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3, the impact of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type biological organic fertilizer on peanut yield and the control to fungal infection
As known from Table 3, use containing containing the fertilizer of subtilis CGMCCNo.2495, have remarkable production-increasing function to peanut yield, to the anti-improvement rate of fungi up to 73.1%.
Embodiment 13, embodiment 10 prevents and treats the effect of the fertilizer special for organic of banded sclerotial blight
Alternative selects rice test field e, each two pieces of f, every block 2 mu; The wherein experimental plot e biocontrol bacterial fertilizer 150kg that every mu is used containing subtilis Lys-67 (200,000,000/g) before tillering phase, experimental plot f before tillering phase every mu use and do not compare containing the fertilizer 150kg of subtilis Lys-67,5 points are got by diagonal method, each point gets 100 strains, measure homophyletic number with the rice yield of area and banded sclerotial blight incidence, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of rice yield and sheath blight disease controlling
As known from Table 4, the fertilizer used containing subtilis Lys-67 has larger production-increasing function to rice yield, reaches 69.7% to the anti-improvement rate of banded sclerotial blight.
Embodiment 14, the effect that soil granular is improved of pig manure-mushroom residue biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type fertilizer
Alternative selects each three pieces of rice test field g, h, i, and every block 20 square metres, all sows peanut, wherein the phase uses pig manure-mushroom residue biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type fertilizer (containing flavus antagonistic strain CGMCCNo.2495 to experimental plot g prior to seeding, 200000000/g) 5kg, phase uses commercially available common fertilizer 5kg to experimental plot h prior to seeding, experimental plot i is being bloomed the lower pin phase, fruiting period, uses carbon ammonium 2.5kg and urea 2.5kg respectively, after harvesting, 5 points are got by diagonal method, each point gets 500g soil sample, measure natural unit weight and the ﹤ 0.01mm soil particle aggregation degree of soil, ﹤ 0.01mm soil particle aggregation degree is the per-cent of ﹤ 0.01mm soil particle aggregation amount and ﹤ 0.01mm mechanical composition grogs, the results are shown in Table 5.As known from Table 5, using the biological organic fertilizer soil weight of the present invention minimum, is 1.03g/cm
3, ﹤ 0.01mm soil particle aggregation degree is up to 94.1%, and be secondly commercially available fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is the poorest.Illustrate, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, is improving Soil structure, and control soil block is degenerated, and strengthens soil water-retaining, ventilation, promotes the Be very effective of soil microbial activity aspect.
Table 5, the effect that pig manure-mushroom residue biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion type Organic Manure on Soil structure is improved
Claims (5)
1. one kind has the subtilis Lys-979 (Bacillussubtilis) of high temperature resistant fast degradation, wherein said bacterial strain is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333 on September 8th, 2015.
2. subtilis Lys-979 according to claim 1, its physiologic character is:
(1) bacterial classification living bacteria count is high, and inoculation original seed reaches 20,000,000,000/more than g;
(2) high temperature resistant, quick heating, compost just can reach more than 60 DEG C in 3 days, was beneficial to base-material quick composting effectively.And subtilis Lys-979 keeps 24 hours more than 80 DEG C, viability keeps more than 80%;
(3) bacterial strain Lys-979 is subtilis, harmless to crop, to humans and animals no pathogenicity.
3. the bacterial strain fermentation liquor obtained by the subtilis Lys-979 described in claim 1 or 2.
4. adopt the subtilis Lys-979 described in claim 1 or 2 to produce the method for anti-type biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that being realized by following technique:
(1) preparation of raw material and inoculation: the fresh pig dung of water content 65% ~ 80%, in 6:1 ~ 8:1 ratio and water content lower than 20% mushroom residue mix, water content allotment is to 50% ~ 60%, while stirring, inoculation subtilis Lys-979 bacterial classification, inoculum size is 2 tons of mixture inoculation 1kg bacterial classifications, makes organic fertilizer fermentation base-material;
(2) compost fermentation: organic fertilizer fermentation base-material is stacked in fermentation canopy by ridge formula or slot type, fermentation canopy free height more than 4 meters, length and width are not limit, the open ventilation of surrounding; Fermentation base-material is wide 4 ~ 8 meters, and high 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters, length is greater than 20 meters; Before compost fermentation 2 ~ 3 days, membrane covering fermentation base-material, heat and moisture preserving, accelerated warming, when pile core temperature reaches more than 45 DEG C, removes mulch film;
(3) turning oxygenation and quick composting: start with forklift (ridge formula fermentation heap) or track type pile turning machine (trough type fermentation is piled) turning when pile core temperature reaches more than 55 DEG C, turning in 2 ~ 3 days 1 time, pile more than warm 60 temperature and maintain more than 5 days;
(4) compost quality controls: control compost fermentation temperature, fermentation time, turning number of times, makes compost water content lower than 30%, and color and luster turns black, and physical and chemical index reaches fertilizer standard;
(5) biocontrol bacterial fertilizer is composite, and after compost quality reaches fertilizer standard, composite as required with corresponding functional biocontrol strain, biocontrol strain viable count reaches 200,000,000/more than g, packaging warehouse-in after requisite quality.
5. the product quality characteristic of biological organic fertilizer according to claim 4 is, except reaching fertilizer standard NY525-2011, that is: and organic content >=45%, total nutrient >=5%, water content≤30%, pH5.5 ~ 8.5, worm's ovum mortality ratio >=98%, colibacillus of excrement group number≤50/g; In every gram of dry matter, arsenic As≤30, mercury Hg≤30, plumbous Pb≤100, cadmium Cd≤3, chromium Cr≤300; Also add corresponding functional biocontrol strain, can be rice sheath blight disease, the inhibited subtilis CGMCCNo.2495 of sickle-like bacteria, flavus, black shank or subtilis Lys-67 or suppress the prebiotics bacteria number index of Tribactur AS1.433 of insect, bacterium number reaches 200,000,000/more than g.
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| CN109053243A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2018-12-21 | 杭州萧山汇仁复合有机肥料有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer and its processing technology |
| CN111517866A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-11 | 贵州省冶金化工研究所 | Organic fertilizer for agate red cherries prepared from pig manure modified edible fungus waste sticks and preparation method thereof |
| CN115838668A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-24 | 安徽科技学院 | Preparation method of pig manure composite fermentation microbial inoculum, fermentation microbial inoculum prepared by using same, pig manure biological organic fertilizer, preparation method and application of pig manure composite fermentation microbial inoculum |
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