CN105235529B - Graphene copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan - Google Patents
Graphene copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation method that a kind of graphene copper is modified carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan：The overall felt pickling of acupuncture carbon fiber is removed into the colloid on its surface and is dried in vacuo；The overall felt of acupuncture carbon fiber after processing is soaked into certain density graphene solution, drains, dry after taking-up；The overall felt graphene precast body of acupuncture carbon fiber is soaked into certain density cupric ammine complex solution；The overall felt graphene precast body of acupuncture carbon fiber for being introduced into copper is put into the carbon/carbon composite that deposition pyrolytic carbon in chemical vapor deposition stove obtains low-density, and then the circulation dipping of progress medium temperature coal pitch, which is carbonized, obtains the carbon/carbon composite that highdensity graphene copper is modified；Obtained composite can obtain to the pantograph pan of high-quality by figure processing.The present invention improves the conductivity of carbon/carbon composite fiber/matrix interface, mechanical property is preferable by introducing graphene film on chopped carbon fiber surface.Meanwhile, the resistivity of composite can further be reduced by introducing copper in graphene membrane surface.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, more particularly to a kind of graphene-copper
The preparation method of modified carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan.
Background technology：
The electrification of railway and high speed turn into the trend of world's railway development.With the development and traffic of national economy
The aggravation of competition in transport market, improve the electric locomotive speed of service turns into an important topic urgently to be resolved hurrily, and pantograph
Slide plate is the soul part of electric locomotive, is the important sliding collecting element that electric locomotive obtains power resources.High-speed cruising
Slide plate in electric locomotive will seriously jeopardize traffic safety once failing, therefore the quality of slide plate quality has very heavy to locomotive
The influence wanted.Good pantograph pan need to possess following characteristic：（1）Enough mechanical strengths；（2）Small resistivity and contact electricity
Resistance；（3）Good anti-attrition and self lubricity；（4）Certain wearability；（5）Good heat-resisting, arc resistance energy and weather-proof
Property.Current pantograph pan mainly has powder shaped charge liner, pure carbon slipper and leaching metal slider three major types.
Powder shaped charge liner high mechanical strength, good impact resistance has good electric conductivity, heat conductivity, arc resistance, resistance to
Mill property and anti-attrition；But it is due to that powder shaped charge liner material is metal and self lubricity is poor, to lead abrasion than more serious.
The self lubricity of carbon slipper and anti-attrition are good, and high temperature resistant, are difficult occur weldering phenomenon with contact line conducting wire；But carbon slipper
Mechanical strength is low, poor impact resistance, wire hard spot is run into operation easily causes slide plate and fracture or rupture, and service life is short.In addition,
Carbon slipper intrinsic resistance is big, and collection capacitance is small.The existing powder shaped charge liner high mechanical strength of metal-impregnated carbon slide, resistivity are small
Feature, there is a premium properties that pure carbon slipper is small to lead abrasion again, but metal-impregnated carbon slide there is also impact resistance it is not enough,
Easily there is chip off-falling, the problems such as cost is too high.
Carbon/carbon composite is the composite of fibre reinforced carbon matrix, with high-strength and high-modulus, density is small, thermal expansion
A series of superperformances such as coefficient is small, anticorrosive, heat shock resistance, chemical stability are good, structural behaviour designability, are a kind of excellent
The engineering material of different heat structure-function integration.With the continuous improvement of carbon/carbon composite performance, its application field is not
It is disconnected to expand.Because carbon/carbon composite has excellent wear resistance, mechanical property and electric conductivity, it has also become one
Excellent novel friction current-collecting member is planted, is very suitable for preparing pantograph pan.
Chinese patent " CN101049803B, the preparation method of charcoal/charcoal pantograph pan in use for electric locomotive " using acupuncture without
The quasi- three-dimensional structure precast body of latitude carbon cloth, prepares pyrolysis carbon matrix in precast body surface using chemical vapor deposition, enters with Posterior circle
Row resin dipping-charring process is densified to precast body, finally gives rate density more than 1.70g/cm3Charcoal/charcoal be combined
Material；Use for electric locomotive carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan has been made by pattern processing.Chinese patent " CN101830723B,
A kind of preparation method of carbon/carbon composite material for pantograph pan " is by impregnating addition boron class catalyst into carbon fiber precast body
High fixing carbon thermosetting resin, through circulate dipping-cure under pressure-charing, and through last graphitization processing be made pantograph
Slide plate carbon/carbon composite.The overall felt of carbon fiber or Nomex are used in the above method as the enhancing of carbon/carbon composite
Body, mechanical property, wearability and the anti-attrition of obtained carbon/carbon composite is preferable, but electric conductivity is poor.In addition, material
Need to circulate in forming process and repeatedly carry out impregnating-carbonizing densification process, the production cycle is longer, further increase material into
This.The high cost of carbon/carbon composite is to limit its key applied on electric locomotive pantograph sliding plate.
Chinese patent " CN103192718A, a kind of pantograph pan with composite and preparation method thereof " uses carbon fiber
The three-dimensional hybrid knitted body constituted with copper wire impregnates as reinforcement, by chemical vapor deposition and thermosetting resin-carbonize work
Skill has prepared the equally distributed composite of metallic copper, improves the electric conductivity of carbon/carbon composite.Chinese patent
" CN101403079B, the preparation method of carbon/carbon-carbon/carbon-copper composite material " oozes process for copper using high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), realizes metallic copper and exists
Being uniformly distributed in porous carbon/carbon compound material.Chinese patent " ZL200710035954.6, a kind of charcoal/composite material of carbon/carbon/copper
And its production technology " using acupuncture carbon felt as carbon/carbon composite reinforcement, pass through chemical vapor deposition or resin dipping-charcoal
Preparing low-density carbon/carbon composite is made in chemical industry skill, then oozes copper acquisition charcoal/composite material of carbon/carbon/copper by vacuum pressure.The above method
Using acupuncture carbon felt（It is alternately laminated without latitude carbon cloth and carbon net tire）Or carbon cloth and proof copper-wire braided into three-dimensional structure it is multiple as charcoal/charcoal
There is the anisotropy of larger performance in the reinforcement of condensation material, the carbon/carbon composite prepared.Process for copper is oozed using vacuum
When preparing charcoal/composite material of carbon/carbon/copper, need to add Ni, Cr or Ti improves the Problem of Wettability of copper and carbon/carbon composite, because
Infiltrate pressure to be limited, the problem of material prepared has copper skewness.Copper is oozed using high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) and solves copper in charcoal/charcoal
In composite the problem of skewness, but equipment manufacturing cost is expensive, and operation and maintenance is difficult, is unsuitable for charcoal/charcoal/composite copper material
The extensive preparation of material.
The content of the invention：
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：There is provided a kind of with dispersed graphene-copper（Silver）It is used as modification
The mechanical property of agent is good, resistivity is low, the preparation side of with short production cycle, lower-cost carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan
Method.
The present invention is as follows for the technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours
And neutrality is washed with distilled water to, it is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）It is molten for 0.05~0.5mg/mL graphenes that the overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration
In liquid, immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.10~0.50M cupric ammine complex
In solution, the pH to 4.5~6.5 of cupric ammine complex solution is adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, immersion is taken out after 10 hours puts
Enter in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dry 2 hours；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process；Dipping-
Charing circulation 5 times, is made the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
In step（4）In, in the chemical vapor deposition stove, depositing temperature is 1100 DEG C；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Deposition
Time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane.
In step（5）In, in the coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dipping
Time 2 h；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, Carbonization Pressure 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with the method described in background technology：
（1）Acupuncture carbon fiber entirety felt is made up of 1~10mm of length chopped carbon fiber, is obtained using it as reinforcement
The performance of carbon/carbon composite goes out isotropism.
（2）Graphene film is introduced on chopped carbon fiber surface, carbon/carbon composite fiber/matrix interface can be improved
The conductivity at place；Meanwhile, the resistivity of composite can further be reduced by introducing copper in graphene membrane surface.
Embodiment：
The present invention is specifically described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours
And neutrality is washed with distilled water to, it is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.05mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.10M cupric ammine complex solution,
PH=4.5 of cupric ammine complex solution are adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, taking-up is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum and done after soaking 10 hours
Dried 2 hours in dry case；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon, depositing temperature：1100℃；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Sedimentation time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature
Degree：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dip time 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, charing pressure
Power 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours, dipping-charing is circulated 5 times, and the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified is made；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
The density for the carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is 1.72g/cm3, compression strength
96.2MPa, rupture strength 66.8MPa, resistivity 6.1mW × m, Shore hardness 63HS.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours
And neutrality is washed with distilled water to, it is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.20mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.20M cupric ammine complex solution,
PH=5.0 of cupric ammine complex solution are adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, taking-up is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum and done after soaking 10 hours
Dried 2 hours in dry case；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon, depositing temperature：1100℃；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Sedimentation time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature
Degree：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dip time 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, charing pressure
Power 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours；Dipping-charing is circulated 5 times, and the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified is made；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
The density for the carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is 1.74g/cm3, compression strength
100.4MPa, rupture strength 71.2MPa, resistivity 5.4mW × m, Shore hardness 67HS.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours
And neutrality is washed with distilled water to, it is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.30mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.30M cupric ammine complex solution,
PH=5.5 of cupric ammine complex solution are adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, taking-up is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum and done after soaking 10 hours
Dried 2 hours in dry case；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon, depositing temperature：1100℃；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Sedimentation time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature
Degree：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dip time 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, charing pressure
Power 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours；Dipping-charing is circulated 5 times, and the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified is made；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
The density for the carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is 1.77g/cm3, compression strength
112.5MPa, rupture strength 80.3MPa, resistivity 4.9mW × m, Shore hardness 65HS.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol.% nital, immersion is dragged for after 5 hours
Go out and be washed with distilled water to neutrality, be put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dry 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.40mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.40M cupric ammine complex solution,
PH=6.0 of cupric ammine complex solution are adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, taking-up is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum and done after soaking 10 hours
Dried 2 hours in dry case；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon, depositing temperature：1100℃；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Sedimentation time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature
Degree：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dip time 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, charing pressure
Power 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours；Dipping-charing is circulated 5 times, and the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified is made；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
The density for the carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is 1.75g/cm3, compression strength
118.7MPa, rupture strength 82.4MPa, resistivity 4.9mW × m, Shore hardness 66HS.
Embodiment 5：
A kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, including following preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours
And neutrality is washed with distilled water to, it is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.50mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.50M cupric ammine complex solution,
PH=6.5 of cupric ammine complex solution are adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, taking-up is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum and done after soaking 10 hours
Dried 2 hours in dry case；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, to be deposited
Pyrolytic carbon, depositing temperature：1100℃；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Sedimentation time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature
Degree：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, dip time 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, charing pressure
Power 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours；Dipping-charing is circulated 5 times, and the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified is made；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is processed by drawing, you can obtain graphite
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that alkene-copper is modified.
The density for the carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is 1.77g/cm3, compression strength
120.0MPa, rupture strength 85.1MPa, resistivity 5.1mW × m, Shore hardness 68HS.
Described above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention, of the invention is above-mentioned
Embodiment can also make a variety of changes.The letter that i.e. every claims and description according to the present patent application are made
Single, equivalent changes and modifications, falls within the claims of patent of the present invention.The not detailed description of the present invention is normal
Advise technology contents.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of graphene-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, it is characterised in that including following
Preparation process：
（1）By the overall felt immersion concentration of acupuncture carbon fiber in 45vol% nital, immersion is pulled out after 5 hours and is used in combination
Water washing is distilled to neutrality, is put into 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and is dried 24 hours afterwards；
（2）By step（1）The overall felt of treated acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in concentration in 0.05~0.5mg/mL graphene solutions,
Immersion drains away the water after 36 hours, is put into 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and dries 2 hours；
（3）By step（2）The overall felt of the graphene of preparation-acupuncture carbon fiber is dipped in 0.10~0.50M cupric ammine complex solution
In, the pH to 4.5~6.5 of cupric ammine complex solution is adjusted, ultrasonic vibration is aided with during immersion, immersion is taken out after 10 hours and is put into
Dried 2 hours in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers；
（4）By step（3）The overall felt of carbon fiber that the graphene of preparation-copper is modified, which is put into chemical vapor deposition stove, deposits pyrolysis
Charcoal；
（5）To step（4）The carbon/carbon composite of obtained low-density carries out coal tar pitch dipping-charing process；Dipping-charing
Circulation 5 times, is made the carbon/carbon composite that graphene-copper is modified；
（6）By step（5）The carbon/carbon composite that obtained graphene-copper is modified is by drawing processing, you can obtain graphene-
The carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan that copper is modified.
2. graphene according to claim 1-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, it is special
Levy and be：In step（4）In, in the chemical vapor deposition stove, depositing temperature is 1100 DEG C；Deposition pressure：10kPa；Deposition
Time：20 hours；Carbon-source gas are methane.
3. graphene according to claim 1-copper is modified the preparation method of carbon/carbon composite pantograph pan, it is special
Levy and be：In step（5）In, in the coal tar pitch dipping-charing process, dipping temperature：240 DEG C, pressure 5.0MPa, during dipping
Between 2 hours；1200 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 1 DEG C/min of carbonization heating rate, Carbonization Pressure 1.0MPa, carbonization time 2 hours.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105887059B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2018-08-10 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of highly-conductive hot carbon/carbon-carbon/carbon-copper composite material |
| CN106698396B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2022-10-25 | 董兰田 | Method for preparing powdery graphene membrane by vacuum oscillation pressurization |
| CN106585388B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-01-14 | 中南大学 | Composite material for pantograph slide plate of electric vehicle and preparation method thereof |
| CN107446159B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-02-05 | 深圳市高科塑化有限公司 | A kind of plastics enhancing graphene calcium carbonate nanosphere and preparation method |
| CN107556059B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2020-07-07 | 自贡东新电碳有限责任公司 | Preparation method of copper-impregnated carbon sliding plate for pantograph for high-speed rail |
| CN108585913B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-05-01 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of graphene modified carbon/carbon pantograph slide plate for electric locomotive |
| CN108726508B (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2021-10-29 | 福州大学 | Preparation method for preparing graphene hollow fiber at low cost |
| CN109484190B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-06-05 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation process of carbon fiber reinforced carbon pantograph slide plate |
| CN114853496A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 陕西科技大学 | C/C-Cu-Ni composite material for pantograph and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101049803A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2007-10-10 | 西安超码科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing charcoal / charcoal pantograph pan in use for electric locomotive |
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| CN101049803A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2007-10-10 | 西安超码科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing charcoal / charcoal pantograph pan in use for electric locomotive |
| JP2010022142A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-28 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Current collection material of pantograph contact strip |
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