CN105223335B - Tunnel zone of influence vegetation growth water method of testing - Google Patents
Tunnel zone of influence vegetation growth water method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105223335B CN105223335B CN201510638681.9A CN201510638681A CN105223335B CN 105223335 B CN105223335 B CN 105223335B CN 201510638681 A CN201510638681 A CN 201510638681A CN 105223335 B CN105223335 B CN 105223335B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to ecological environment hydrotechnics testing field,And disclose a kind of tunnel zone of influence vegetation growth water method of testing,Planting model and rainfall simulator are designed and produced,Tunnel flow model in porous media,Tunnel flow model in porous media includes model boundary and the simulation seepage flow geological materials being filled in model boundary,Tunnel analogue means is provided with simulation seepage flow geological materials,The plant-growth model is the slope model matched with tunnel flow model in porous media size,Slope model is arranged on tunnel flow model in porous media,Water leg is provided with the model boundary top surface of correspondence slope model low side,The bottom of tunnel flow model in porous media is provided with seeped water collection device,Vegetation plantation is carried out on the model of slope,Using rainfall simulator rain making,Water leg collects slope runoff,Seeped water collection device collects the infiltration of tunnel flow model in porous media,Thereby quantitative study vegetation growth water consumption and flow path surface,Relation between the seepage discharge of the tunnel zone of influence,Indirect evaluation vegetation growth water consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetation growth water in ecological environment Geotechnical Engineering testing field, especially the tunnel zone of influence
Amount testing field.
Background technology
In environmental geotechnical field, the environmental problem that engineering construction triggers is increasingly severe.Many engineering projects such as water
The tunnel of the engineerings such as profit, traffic is built, and can influence engineering construction because changing groundwater balance, causing vegetation ecological function to be destroyed
The harmony of the overall Environmental Development in area.
Water plays very important role in the ecosystem, through air-vegetation-soil-rock system,
It is the medium of material succession and energy transport.Basin groundwater balance is the basis for maintaining vegetation ecological functions in area.Especially exist
The steep southwest in mountain slope high, in infrastructure construction because tunnel build change groundwater balance, cause vegetation ecological work(
Problem, vegetation growth water consumption in the research tunnel zone of influence, it is clear that meaningful can be destroyed.
2nd phase in 2010《Water and soil conservation journal》" the defeated shifting of simulated rainfall rainwash pollutant disclosed in the 44-47 pages
Rule experimental study ", have studied rainwash migration rule under artificial rainfall condition.4th phase in 2014《Railway construction》The
" seepage discharge analysis of Influential Factors after tunnel excavation " disclosed in 54-57 pages, the influence factor to tunnel seepage flow deeply divide
Analysis.Some researchs above have certain reference and reference significance for vegetation growth water consumption in the prediction tunnel zone of influence, so
And influence of the evaluation tunnel excavation that can not be quantified to vegetation growth.And existing plant growth physical experiments test skill
Art, the field test of Main Basiss crops, and the influences of the underground chamber seepage flow to plant ecological function such as tunnel are not considered,
It is inevitable to have a certain distance with actual conditions.In the assessment of the underground engineering such as existing tunnel ecology influence, tunnel is mostly have ignored
Influence Deng underground chamber seepage flow to plant growth, and the precedent of quantitative study is not carried out to relation therebetween.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome existing plant growth physical experiments method of testing shortcoming to the underground chamber seepage effect such as tunnel
Consideration deficiency, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of life of relatively more accurate tunnel zone of influence vegetation
Length uses water method of testing.
Method of testing of the invention be based on it is assumed hereinafter that：Ignore the factors such as transpiration effect, atmospheric humidity, temperature
Influence, then tunnel zone of influence rainfall is area's flow path surface, tunnel zone of influence seepage discharge and vegetation growth water consumption three
Sum.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Tunnel zone of influence vegetation growth water test side
Method, including design and produce planting model and rainfall simulator, also the tunnel seepage flow mould including being made according to the principle of similitude
Type, tunnel flow model in porous media includes model boundary and the simulation seepage flow geological materials being filled in model boundary, simulates seepage flow geology
Tunnel analogue means is provided with material, the plant-growth model is the slope model matched with tunnel flow model in porous media size, tiltedly
Slope model is arranged on tunnel flow model in porous media, and water leg, tunnel are provided with the model boundary top surface of correspondence slope model low side
The bottom of flow model in porous media is provided with seeped water collection device, and vegetation plantation is carried out on the model of slope, artificial using rainfall simulator
Rainfall, water leg collects slope runoff, and seeped water collection device collects the infiltration of tunnel flow model in porous media, vegetation growth water is tested accordingly
Amount.
The tunnel analogue means includes tunnel simulation pipe, one step simulation pipe and two steps simulation pipe, and tunnel simulation pipe is default
In seepage flow geological materials are simulated, random distribution has water seepage hole, its one end mouth of pipe on its that section of tube wall being located in model boundary
It is exposed to beyond model boundary, is water outlet port, the internal diameter of external diameter and tunnel the simulation pipe of one step simulation pipe matches, itself and tunnel
A small amount of leaking hole is disposed with the corresponding tube wall of perforate pipeline section for simulating pipe at random, the tube wall of two steps simulation pipe is non-porous, its external diameter
Internal diameter with tunnel simulation pipe matches；Intend tunnel excavation process first with tunnel simulation pipe and one step simulation pipe die to be surveyed
Examination, is then intended tunnel lining processing procedure and is tested using tunnel simulation pipe and two steps simulation pipe die.
The pipeline section inwall that the tunnel simulation pipe is exposed to beyond model boundary is machined with internal thread, one step simulation pipe and two steps
The external screw thread matched with the internal thread is machined with the whole tube walls for simulating pipe.
The slope model is made up of the slope metalling and overburden layer thereon of bottom.
The plant with the different set gradient, setting overburden layer thickness and selected plant is respectively arranged on tunnel flow model in porous media
Thing grows physical model, carries out contrast test.
Planting plants for contrast test are the mixing of one of ginkgo, Chinese pine, flat bamboo, palm or two kinds of wherein at least.
Above plant is the frequently seen plants of western mountainous areas, is particularly suitable for being applied during the construction evaluation study of western mountainous areas.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Being capable of quantitative assessment plant growth water consumption and rainfall, flow path surface and tunnel
Relation between the seepage discharge of hole, is the vegetation ecological of job site so as to disclose influence of the inrush during tunneling to plant growth
Health protection provides engineering basis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of the model used by the inventive method when any geologic modelling material is not filled by.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that tunnel simulates pipe.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of one step simulation pipe.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that two steps simulate pipe.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of adaptable rainfall simulator of the invention.
Marked in figure：1- slopes model, 2- water legs, 3- tunnel flow models in porous media, 4- tunnel analogue means, 5- rainfall moulds
Intend device, 8- tunnels simulation pipe, 9- one step simulation pipes, the steps of 10- bis- simulation is managed, 11- metallings, 12- overburden layers, 13- water seepage holes,
14- leaking holes, 31- model boundaries, 32- simulation seepage flow geological materials, 33- drainpipes, 41- water seepage holes, 42- water outlets port, 51-
Water meter, 52- control valves, 53- water pressure gauges, 54- shower nozzles, 55- branch pipes.H- overburden layer thickness, the α-gradient, L1- tunnels simulation pipe
Perforate length of pipe section, L2- tunnels simulation pipe exposes segment length.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the tunnel zone of influence of the invention vegetation growth water test side
Method, the test device applied is：According to the tunnel flow model in porous media 3 that the principle of similitude makes, tunnel flow model in porous media 3 includes model side
Boundary 31 and the simulation seepage flow geological materials 32 being filled in model boundary 31, generally determine according to more than 6 times of tunnel diameter
The scope of the tunnel zone of influence, and model boundary 31 can expand on this basis and for modeling is conveniently adjusted, simulate seepage flow ground
Material 32 can be according to the principle determination and selection material to field geology environment with similar seepage characteristic, simulation seepage flow ground
Tunnel analogue means 4 is provided with material 32, according to common revegetation measure, the plant-growth model is to be oozed with tunnel
The slope model 1 of the size of flow model 3 matching, is the accurate common field geology situation of simulation, and slope model 1 is by bottom
Slope metalling 11 and overburden layer thereon 12 are constituted, and slope model 1 is arranged on tunnel flow model in porous media 3, in correspondence slope mould
The top surface of the model boundary 31 of the low side of type 1 is provided with water leg 2, and the position of water leg 2 is not higher than the lower position of overburden layer 12,
Ensure comprehensively collect slope runoff with water leg 2, and measure corrugated run-off, tunnel analogue means 4 includes tunnel mould
Intend pipe 8, the step of one step simulation pipe 9 and two simulation pipe 10, so as to realize being processed for tunnel excavation, lining cutting the mould of construction overall process
Intend, tunnel simulation pipe 8 is defaulted in simulation seepage flow geological materials 32, is divided at random on its that section of tube wall being located in model boundary 31
Water seepage hole 13 is furnished with, the situation with percolation Structure before excavation simulation, its one end mouth of pipe is exposed to beyond model boundary 31, is water outlet
Port, for the collection via the seepage flow of tunnel analogue means 4, the external diameter of one step simulation pipe 9 simulates the internal diameter phase of pipe 8 with tunnel
Match somebody with somebody, a small amount of leaking hole 14, described a small amount of finger phase are disposed with random on its tube wall corresponding with the perforate pipeline section of tunnel simulation pipe 8
For water seepage hole, quantity is less, and distribution density is smaller, preliminary treatment but still has by tunnel in simulation of excavation process
The situation of a small amount of seepage discharge, the tube wall of two steps simulation pipe 10 is non-porous, and excavation simulation is finished after carrying out Anti-seeping technology, is not led to substantially
The situation of the seepage discharge of tunnel is crossed, its external diameter matches with the internal diameter of tunnel simulation pipe 8；The bottom of tunnel flow model in porous media 3 is provided with
Drainpipe 33, because border 31 defines other local seepage flow, the seepage discharge of tunnel flow model in porous media 3 is able to thus collect and count
Amount, drainpipe 33 simulates the seeped water collection device of the water outlet port collectively as tunnel flow model in porous media 3 of pipe 8 with tunnel.
Test philosophy of the invention is：Vegetation plantation is carried out on slope model 1, simulated rainfall, water leg 2 collects slope
The slope runoff of model 1, seeped water collection device is collected tunnel flow model in porous media 3 and is seeped water, and the step mould of pipe 8 and is simulated first with tunnel
Intend the simulation of pipe 9 tunnel excavation process to be tested, then simulated at the simulation tunnel lining of pipe 10 using tunnel simulation pipe 8 and two step
Reason process is tested, one step simulation pipe 9 be placed in tunnel simulation pipe 8 in and model inner length all to correspondingly when equivalent to tunnel
Hole do not excavate before situation, gradually outwards take out one step simulation pipe 9, seepage flow can enter tunnel by water seepage hole 13 and leaking hole 14
In analogue means 4, the progressive process of simulation tunnel excavation all takes out one step simulation pipe 9, the i.e. process of tunnel run-through, then,
One step simulation pipe 9 is substituted with two steps simulation pipe 10, is reversely gradually inwardly inserted in tunnel simulation pipe 8 two steps simulation pipe 10, mould
The tunnel of Anti-seeping technology is carried out in plan lining cutting, until two steps simulation pipe 10 and tunnel simulation pipe 8 are all right in model inner length
At once, water seepage hole 13 is all closed by two steps simulation pipe 10, i.e., tunnel lining is finished, and thus completes the plant of tunnel construction overall process
Tested by growth water consumption.
One step simulation pipe 9, two steps simulation pipe 10 are adjusted relative to the turnover of tunnel simulation pipe 8 for convenience, tunnel simulation
The pipeline section inwall that pipe 8 is exposed to beyond model boundary 31 is machined with internal thread, whole pipes of the step of one step simulation pipe 9 and two simulation pipe 10
The external screw thread matched with the internal thread is machined with wall, connection is realized using threaded connection and is adjusted.
Embodiment：
Test site is chosen, according to the principle of similitude, the test model 8 of structure as previously described, wherein slope model is made
Gradient α be respectively 30 °, 20 °, 10 °, 5 °, 30 °, 20 °, 10 °, 5 °.Model arrangement is divided to two rows axisymmetricly to arrange, single mould
Molded dimension is width × minimum constructive height × tunnel axial depth=150cm × 50cm × 20cm.Single model is divided into 5 portions
Point, each partial width × minimum constructive height × tunnel axial depth=30cm × 50cm × 20cm, each several part overburden layer thickness point
Wei not 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, uniform spreading grass-seed and the selected plant of plantation on each part, for example, phase
Axis is arranged for model, planting plants side is ginkgo, and opposite side is Chinese pine.
Ceiling is set up in test site, excludes natural precipitation interference, and rainfall simulator, rainfall simulator are installed in ceiling
Including the water meter 51 on house steward, control valve 52 and water pressure gauge 53, two branch pipes 55 are connected after house steward, be provided with every branch pipe 55
One row's shower nozzle 54, the branch pipe 55 is located at often row slope model axis top respectively.
Within a test period, rainfall data is surveyed according to the tunnel zone of influence for many years, using rainfall simulator to examination
Testing model carries out rain making, metering rainfall, slope runoff amount, tunnel flow model in porous media seepage discharge, and routine observation vegetation
Upgrowth situation.
Experiment is under conditions of the influence of the factors such as transpiration effect, atmospheric humidity, temperature is ignored above, it is believed that people
Work rainfall is equal to slope runoff amount, tunnel flow model in porous media seepage discharge and vegetation growth water consumption sum, then tested more than
Step, can study the pass between vegetation growth water consumption and flow path surface, tunnel zone of influence seepage discharge under the conditions of single argument
System, Indirect evaluation vegetation growth water consumption, and may be used to evaluate and test ad hoc structure tunnel construction whether specific plant in influence area
The healthy growth of quilt.
The present invention can be used to study influence of the tunnel construction to tunnel zone of influence seepage flow, investigate aforementioned affect, the vegetation gradient,
Relation between the factors such as rainfall intensity, thickness of earth covering, vegetation pattern and vegetation growth water consumption, is that tunnel zone of influence vegetation is extensive
Multiple research provides a kind of new quantitative assessment mode.
Claims (5)
1. tunnel zone of influence vegetation growth water method of testing, including planting model and rainfall simulator are designed and produced,
It is characterized in that：Also include the tunnel flow model in porous media (3) made according to the principle of similitude, tunnel flow model in porous media (3) is including model boundary
(31) and simulation seepage flow geological materials (32) that is filled in model boundary (31), tunnel is provided with simulation seepage flow geological materials (32)
Hole analogue means (4), the planting model is the slope model (1) matched with tunnel flow model in porous media (3) size, slope mould
Type (1) is arranged on tunnel flow model in porous media (3), and collection is provided with model boundary (31) top surface of correspondence slope model (1) low side
Tank (2), the bottom of tunnel flow model in porous media (3) is provided with seeped water collection device, and vegetation plantation, mould are carried out on slope model (1)
Intend rainfall, water leg (2) collects the slope runoff of slope model (1), and seeped water collection device is collected tunnel flow model in porous media (3) and oozed
Water, tests vegetation growth water consumption accordingly；The tunnel analogue means (4) includes tunnel simulation pipe (8), one step simulation pipe (9)
(10) are managed with the simulation of two steps, tunnel simulation pipe (8) is defaulted in simulation seepage flow geological materials (32), and it is located at model boundary (31)
Random distribution has water seepage hole (13) on that section of interior tube wall, and its one end mouth of pipe is exposed to beyond model boundary (31), is water outlet port,
The external diameter of one step simulation pipe (9) matches with the internal diameter of tunnel simulation pipe (8), its perforate pipeline section pair with tunnel simulation pipe (8)
A small amount of leaking hole (14) is disposed with the tube wall answered at random, the tube wall of two steps simulation pipe (10) is non-porous, and its external diameter is simulated with tunnel
The internal diameter for managing (8) matches；Surveyed first with tunnel simulation pipe (8) and one step simulation pipe (9) simulation tunnel excavation process
Examination, is then tested using tunnel simulation pipe (8) and two steps simulation pipe (10) simulation tunnel lining processing procedure.
2. the tunnel zone of influence as claimed in claim 1 vegetation growth water method of testing, it is characterized in that：The tunnel simulation pipe
(8) it is exposed to the pipeline section inwall beyond model boundary (31) and is machined with internal thread, one step simulation pipe (9) and the simulation of two steps is managed (10)
The external screw thread matched with the internal thread is machined with whole tube walls.
3. the tunnel zone of influence as claimed in claim 1 vegetation growth water method of testing, it is characterized in that：The slope model
(1) it is made up of the slope metalling (11) and overburden layer (12) thereon of bottom.
4. the tunnel zone of influence as claimed in claim 3 vegetation growth water method of testing, it is characterized in that：In tunnel flow model in porous media
(3) the plant growth physical model with different gradient (α), overburden layer thickness (h) and selected plant is respectively arranged on, it is right to carry out
Than test.
5. the tunnel zone of influence as claimed in claim 4 vegetation growth water method of testing, it is characterized in that：For contrast test
Planting plants are the mixing of one of ginkgo, Chinese pine, flat bamboo, palm or two kinds of wherein at least.
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| CN110095383A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-06 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of device carrying out slope runoff and interflow motion analysis for simulated rainfall |
| CN113804603B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-05-17 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Automatic observation system of rock-dam seepage flow based on big data |
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| GB9503141D0 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1995-04-05 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Simulation testing of a capping for a waste disposal site |
| CN102393312B (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-09-18 | 刘元雪 | Side slope tunnel coupling simulation test system and application method thereof |
| CN103176220A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-26 | 中铁西南科学研究院有限公司 | Tunnel water pressure model test method |
| CN102590475B (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-10-16 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Fine simulation test device and fine simulation test method for slope water erosion |
| CN203561633U (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-23 | 三峡大学 | Three-dimensional artificial rainfall reservoir type physical slide model test equipment |
| CN103884827B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-26 | 四川大学 | Be applicable to the magnetic field force-seepage force model test apparatus of native stone side slope |
| CN204255803U (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-04-08 | 天津大学 | Indoor rainfall infiltration Experimental mimic system |
| CN104330533B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-04-06 | 中国矿业大学 | The test unit of tunnel surrounding landslide under simulated rainfall and seepage action of ground water and method |
| CN104535728B (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-01-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Two-dimensional physical simulation testing system for deeply-buried tunnel water bursting hazard and testing method thereof |
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Inventor after: Fu Wenxi Inventor after: Lei Xiaozhang Inventor after: Yuan Xingyu Inventor after: Wei Yufeng Inventor after: Zhou Hongfu Inventor after: Xia Min Inventor after: Ye Fei Inventor after: Feng Di Inventor after: Wang Lei Inventor before: Fu Wenxi Inventor before: Feng Di Inventor before: Wang Lei |