CN105221370A - For the marmem combination drive of side car door hardware - Google Patents
For the marmem combination drive of side car door hardware Download PDFInfo
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- CN105221370A CN105221370A CN201510368854.XA CN201510368854A CN105221370A CN 105221370 A CN105221370 A CN 105221370A CN 201510368854 A CN201510368854 A CN 201510368854A CN 105221370 A CN105221370 A CN 105221370A
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- door assembly
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/04—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the whole seat being movable
- B60N2/06—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the whole seat being movable slidable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/0224—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation
- B60N2/02246—Electric motors therefor
- B60N2/02253—Electric motors therefor characterised by the transmission between the electric motor and the seat or seat parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/0224—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation
- B60N2/02246—Electric motors therefor
- B60N2/02258—Electric motors therefor characterised by the mounting of the electric motor for adjusting the seat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/0224—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation
- B60N2/0244—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation with logic circuits
- B60N2/0248—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation with logic circuits with memory of positions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/22—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the back-rest being adjustable
Abstract
A kind of defeated multi output drive system of list being such as suitable for power seat or Vehicular door assembly, comprise input power source, such as PMDC motor, with at least one transmission device, transmission device is included in the multi output element of joint relative to described source and disengaged condition down conversion further, optionally to be driven by it, and be connected to the various function parts of power seat or door assembly such as drivenly, and the driven ground of multiple active material actuator and relevant one that is connected to separately in output element, and be configured to optionally engage relevant output element and input source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to driver and multiple output transmission, and more specifically relate to single enter drive and multiple output transmission, it utilizes active material actuated with the selectivity joint realized between at least one output element and input source.
Background technique
Known in the art thatly between multiple output, transmit Input Forces (such as from DC motor etc.); Develop the transmission device of multiple type for identical object.They comprise clutch, gear-box, flexure pipe etc.Use electromechanical or magnetic devices to perform these output mechanisms routinely to engage with the selectivity of input drive shaft.But these devices exist various problem, comprise delayed, noise (acoustically and relevant to EMF) and increase complexity, quality, power consumption and package requirements.So, these problems are deposited at multiple input sources is inevitable in case.In a motor vehicle, such as multiple motor is generally used for driving various parts, is also even like this when various parts are very close.In exemplary setting, Fig. 1 shows conventional automotive seat 1, and it comprises cushion adjustment motor 2, front and rear governor motor 3, chaise longue motor 4 and waist motor 5.These parts each can be controlled along at least both direction, cushion can move along four to eight directions usually---front/rear, up/down and tilt and stretch out/return.Other controlled seat features comprises back rest side bolster (it can carry out entry/exit and/motion or expansion/contraction) and cushion side bolster.But being incorporated to the problem that multiple motor brings further is in the art, such as, the encapsulated space reduced, increase quality, and therefore increase and manufacture and running cost.
These and other problems of conventional automatic seat assembly are solved by the techniques described herein.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes the multiple output driving system of single input, it utilizes active material, and more preferably, utilizes marmem (SMA) manner of actuation, to realize optionally and/or output simultaneously.The present invention, for solving the problem of the how defeated transmission device of relevant routine and multi-motor application, comprises and reducing costs and quality compared with the corresponding construction of pure electromechanical, and solves the problem relevant to multi input (such as motor) system.Under preferred settings of the present invention, the transmission device that SMA actuates is for being conducting to multiple power seat features by power from single-motor, and wherein various features can side by side or one after the other be operated.Thus, the present invention is further used for the advantage (such as little quality, small package size, quiet operation, high-energy-density etc.) of the advantage of PMDC motor (such as high continuous Power output, reciprocal movement, low cost etc.) with SMA actuator to combine.
The present invention relates to the actuator for be have employed active material by selective activation and optionally merit (work) be delivered to the system of multi output parts from input block (such as live axle or gear on worm).As an example, active material is marmem (SMA) in certain embodiments.When active material is activated, it causes the motion of movable part (such as its clutch connected or lock) directly or indirectly, this causes again the joint between corresponding input block and output block, transmits merit thus between input and output parts.
In certain embodiments, assembly comprises clutch component and the actuator member for actuating clutch or lock.Clutch component comprises lock, and lock pin element more specifically.Actuator member comprises form memory element, and it is arranged as optionally to allow such as pitches the such joint element motion of element, as hereafter describe in detail and show in the accompanying drawings.Lock is rigidly connected, and there is at least one degrees of motion (such as rotating) relative to output block.Lock configures and orientates as and makes, its backup lock when actuator element (such as pitching) is moved along first direction, lock pin element is pushed to again and engages with input block (such as actuation gear) by it, thus input and output parts are placed in jointing state, the movement transition of input block is the motion of the output block corresponding to the lock be actuated thus.
In certain embodiments, system preferably includes multiple this assembly, its each be connected to identical input block, or be connected to corresponding input block, wherein one or more input blocks connect for for receiving power from motor.Motor can be such as electric notor.The particular type of electric notor is DC (PMDC) motor.
When assembly comprises gear transmission, it can be called as gear-box, and no matter the structure of any housing wherein or gear how, assembly all can be called as actuator/gear case assembly.
Although technology of the present invention can use in all cases, first the techniques described herein relate to the power seat assembly of such as automobile.Another exemplary purposes relates to adjustable sunshading board or its vehicle window, Che Jing or the camera of automobile.
The invention provides a kind of door assembly for vehicle, this door assembly comprises: a structure; Multiple movable features, is attached to this structure and by this support structure; With multi output drive system, be attached to this structure and by this support structure, and be connected to each movable features, for actuating movable features, multi output drive system comprises: input power source, for supplying moment of torsion; And transmission device, be attached to input power source, and be operable as from input power source reception moment of torsion and transfer torque to movable features, wherein transmission device comprises: multiple output element, its each be operatively coupled in movable features corresponding one, and each output element is movable separately between engagement positio and disengaged position; With multiple shape memory alloy actuator, each shape memory alloy actuator is connected to separately one in output element.
Preferably, multiple movable features comprises at least one in side-view mirror, window regulator, deployable door handle, vehicle door latch mechanism, deployable vehicle window shield or car door opening device.
Preferably, its corresponding for input power source movable features connects by the engagement positio of each output element, with transferring power between which, and wherein input power source is thrown off from its corresponding movable features, to prevent transferring power between which by the disengaged position of each output element; Wherein each shape memory alloy actuator is operable as the modulation experiencing fundamental property when being exposed to activation signal or leave activation signal, to be activated respectively and inactivation; Each change of the fundamental property of wherein in shape memory alloy actuator makes the output element connected with it move between engagement positio and disengaged position.
Preferably, described door assembly comprises multiple flexible shaft further, extends and be connected between each flexible shaft in output element and the movable features being connected to corresponding output element.
Preferably, described door assembly comprises secondary distribution system further, in the output element of multi output drive system one is interconnected to the corresponding movable features of described that is connected in output element, wherein secondary distribution system comprises: the secondary drive device being attached to described in output element, for receiving input power from it; With multiple secondary output element, secondary output element each extend between secondary drive device and the corresponding movable features of described being connected in output element and interconnection.
Preferably, movable features is side-view mirror, and it is operable as around to few two different axial-movements.
Preferably, secondary distribution system comprises three secondary output elements, for controlling the motion of side-view mirror around three different axis.
Preferably, side-view mirror is movable along first direction, second direction and third direction, wherein first direction be around the invagination/fold motion of first axle, second direction be "Left"-deviationist/Right deviation motion around the second axis, and third direction be around the 3rd axis updip/have a down dip motion.
Preferably, input power source is operable as the sole power source of actuating all movable features.
Preferably, transmission device is operable as and side by side actuates each movable features with the moment of torsion supplied by input power source.
The present invention also provides a kind of door assembly for vehicle, and this door assembly comprises: a structure; Multiple movable features, is attached to this structure and by this support structure, wherein multiple movable features comprises at least two in side-view mirror, window regulator, deployable door handle, vehicle door latch mechanism, deployable vehicle window shield or car door opening device; With multi output drive system, be attached to this structure and by this support structure, and be connected to each movable features, for actuating movable features, multi output drive system comprises: input power source, for supplying moment of torsion; And transmission device, be attached to input power source, and be operable as from input power source reception moment of torsion and transfer torque to movable features, side by side to actuate each movable features, all movable features are actuated by the moment of torsion supplied by input power source.
Preferably, transmission device comprises multiple output element, its each be operably connected in movable features corresponding one, each output element is movable separately between engagement positio and disengaged position, its corresponding for input power source movable features connects by described engagement positio, with transferring power between which, and corresponding to it for input power source movable features disconnects, to prevent transferring power between which by described disengaged position.
Preferably, transmission device, comprise multiple shape memory alloy actuator, each shape memory alloy actuator is connected to one in output element respectively, and each shape memory alloy actuator is operable as the modulation experiencing fundamental property when being exposed to activation signal or leave activation signal, to be activated respectively and inactivation, thus each change of the fundamental property of in shape memory alloy actuator makes the output element connected with it move between engagement positio and disengaged position.
Preferably, described door assembly comprises multiple flexible shaft further, extends and be connected between each flexible shaft in output element and the movable features being connected to corresponding output element.
Preferably, described door assembly comprises secondary distribution system further, in the output element of multi output drive system one is interconnected to the corresponding movable features of described that is connected in output element, wherein secondary distribution system comprises: the secondary drive device being attached to described in output element, for receiving input power from it; With multiple secondary output element, secondary output element each extend between secondary drive device and the corresponding movable features of described being connected in output element and interconnection.
Preferably, one in multiple movable features is side-view mirror, and it is operable as around to few two different axial-movements.
Preferably, secondary distribution system comprises three secondary output elements, for controlling the motion of side-view mirror around three different axis.
Preferably, side-view mirror is movable along first direction, second direction and third direction, wherein first direction be around the invagination/fold motion of first axle, second direction be "Left"-deviationist/Right deviation motion around the second axis, and third direction be the 3rd axis updip/have a down dip motion.
Preferably, input power source comprises motor.
Preferably, input power source is operable as the sole power source of actuating all movable features.
Above-mentioned the features and advantages of the present invention and other feature and advantage easily can be understood in the detailed description that enforcement better model of the present invention is made hereafter carried out by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 prior art is the automotive seat comprised for driving the multiple motors reaching composition function portion.
Fig. 2 is the front view of mixing single input source multi output drive system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprises the first and second transmission devices.
Fig. 3 shows the perspective view of the hybrid transmission system according to the technology of the present invention, and it comprises actuator assemblies and gear-box.
Fig. 4 is the decomposition view of the gear-box of system as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 A is the sectional view of this system, shows lock or the clutch of the gear-box of throwing off from the corresponding output gear of gear-box.
Fig. 5 B is the clutch of the gear-box that the sectional view display of this system is thrown off from the corresponding output gear of gear-box.
Fig. 6 shows the close up view of one of them clutch.
Fig. 7 A shows the low coverage perspective view of the cut-out element of clutch.
Fig. 7 B shows the low coverage perspective view of the pin element of clutch.
Fig. 8 is the perspective view of the actuator assemblies of hybrid transmission system.
Fig. 9 shows the parts of actuator assemblies, centralized displaying its strain relief and joint element, and introduces biasing element (such as spring).
Figure 10 shows another perspective view of the parts of actuator assemblies, is shown as and comprises photoelectric interrupter.
Figure 11 A shows does not have cogged gear-box according to alternative embodiment.
Figure 11 B shows the input gear on worm part not having cogged replaceable teeth roller box.
Figure 11 C shows the output actuator portion not having cogged replaceable teeth roller box.
Figure 12 shows output element, comprises the clutch apparatus of alternative embodiment.
Figure 13 shows the side view of the output element shown in Figure 12 in the housing.
Figure 14 shows the front view of extra gear structure, and it can be used for the output shaft sense of rotation selecting to rotate relative to input queued switches.
Figure 15 A-C is the perspective view of the parts for gear-box alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the perspective view of the output gear of the gear-box of the hybrid transmission system of Figure 15 A-C.
Figure 17 is the perspective schematic view of the door assembly for vehicle, which incorporates the multi output drive system for being actuated the movable features of multiple difference by single power source.
Embodiment
As required, specific embodiment of the present invention is being disclosed herein.Disclosed embodiment is only example, and it can be implemented with replacement form and combination thereof in a variety of manners.As used herein, such as, " exemplary " and similar term are the embodiments broadly referring to be used as illustration, sample, model or pattern.In some cases, known parts, system, material or method need not be described in detail, to avoid being unfavorable for description of the invention.Therefore, concrete structure disclosed herein and function detail should not be understood to restrictive, and are only the bases of claim and instruct to implement representative basis of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
This application provides the driving and multiple output transmission that are driven by a motor, it utilizes active material (activematerial), and more preferably utilizes marmem (SMA) to actuate, to realize selectivity and output simultaneously.The present invention is particularly useful for using together with marmem; But within the scope of this invention, the active material of actuating on request of available equivalents replaces shape memory alloy component as herein described.Such as, should be understood that magnetostriction elastomer, electroactive polymer, ferromagnet SMA element etc. may be used for given with similar structure.And, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can change part machinery relation, to realize mechanical dominance.Such as, more gear train, the gear with more vast scale, the clutch mechanism etc. that radially engages also can use.Finally, except PMDC motor, the driving source of replacement can be used, such as, can use pneumatic piston or solenoid.
The present invention relates generally to single input and multi-output drive system 10, it comprises input power source (such as PMDC motor) 12, and movable drive device (activetransmission) 14 (Fig. 2).But the present invention is described to have single input source 12, it to use or certainly within the scope of this invention in conjunction with multiple system 10, and therefore uses more than one source 12 (such as in an iterative fashion).And, should be understood that the energy source of replacement may be used for single source 12.
Transmission device 14 exists relative to source 12 disposable multiple output element 16 between joint and disengaged condition, optionally to be driven by it, and there is the actuator 18 of multiple active material driving, wherein each actuator 18 is driven ground and is connected to one relevant in element 16 respectively.Source 12 and transmission device 14 are configured so that each change to cause in output element 16 relevant one to convert between some states collaboratively.As used herein, term " active material " is defined as the material of the reversible change presenting basic (chemistry or inherent physics) character when being exposed to activation signal or leave activation signal.
In a preferred embodiment, and as described in detail below, transmission device 14 can comprise multiple gear; And output element 16 may further include multiple clutch (clutch), wherein each clutch is operable as and engages and one relevant in out-of-gear, and each actuator 18 is configured so that one that each clutch is correlated with in engaging gear when active material is activated.Output element 16 may further include biasing member, and it is connected to each clutch relative with actuator 18 by driven, and is operable as and makes clutch throw off relevant gear when actuator inactivation.Source 12 can be connected to input gear drivenly, wherein transmission device 14 comprises output gear and the first and second idle gears, is connected to output gear described first and second idle pulley gear driven and can distinguishes optionally to engage with the first half of input gear and Lower Half.Output element 16 each optionally engage output gear, and output gear and idle gear limit the fixing central point (centroid) of the translation that is connected to driving plate securely, and transmission device comprises idle pulley joint actuator further, described actuator being operative for making plate along rotating clockwise and counterclockwise so that optionally and alternately engage idle pulley and input gear.Preferred idle pulley engages the first and second SMA lines that actuator also can comprise upper half part and the lower half portion being connected to plate drivenly.
More specifically, the invention describes such assembly, it is for being optionally delivered to output block (such as actuation gear or axle) by merit (work) from input block (such as input shaft or gear on worm) by optionally Activation Activity material.Active material such as can comprise marmem (SMA).Actuator 18 can be used for merit to be delivered to any amount of multiple active part (activity) from single input source (such as motor) 12, its each correspond in actuator 18 one, replace the legacy system of the independent motor comprised for each active part.As a result, such as, for driving " n " the individual motor in " n " individual dynamic characteristic portion and " n " individual gear-box can be replaced by (1) motor and " n " individual actuator/gear-box, for driving same " n " individual dynamic characteristic portion.
In certain embodiments, at startup actuator 18 with open between motor 12 and introduce time lag.Such as, system 10 can be configured so that motor 12 is only opened after relevant actuator 18 starts.
In certain embodiments, when operator's release-push, all actuators 18 drive and motor 12 reverses blink (such as 100 milliseconds), to discharge any pressure (such as on clutch pin) of accumulation, more easily they to be discharged.
For comprising gear or more specifically comprising the embodiments of the invention of gear-box, in efficiency, some tests have demonstrated has gain in gear-box efficiency.In some cases, efficiency gain is up to 30%.This result is at least owing to the double deceleration eliminated in the transmission device of legacy system.Result, the motor expected or optimize is used to allow meet and exceed power demand of the present invention in some cases, such as, to the demand (the front/rear motion of such as cushion, cushion inclination, cushion up/down movement, backrest inclination/decline and waist movement) of the parts of operation seat assembly for vehicles.
In order to adapt to ready-made motor, in certain embodiments, design of the present invention uses extra gear stage (gearstage).Motor can custom design be the feature (feature of such as speed-torque) that coupling is applied.This allows to reduce extra gear stage and associated mechanical transmission loss (such as rubbing), increases the mechanical efficiency of whole drive system thus.
Exemplary cost savings comprise the cost savings realized by the distribution of redundancy motor of system before eliminating and the cost of driver part and electronic unit.
In size-modify, such as, the size of the actuator of the technology of the present invention comparable before the size of multi-motor system much smaller.Such as, in some cases, single actuator assemblies can have little more than 30% or 30% size (such as height).
Other advantages of the technology of the present invention are included in the flexibility as one man performed within the scope of wide temperature.Such as, various embodiment of the present invention adopt following in one of or both: (i) high temperature or superhigh temperature active material, for using under high ambient temperature running environment, (ii) hardware (such as circuit) and/or software (logic module), be configured to the input trigger signal (such as electric current) controlling to be provided to active material based on the ambient temperature in the environment of active material, (iii) thermal cut-out (hotcutoff), be provided to the energy of active material with restriction, make it more reliable under wide temperature range.
As described in detail hereafter by accompanying drawing, thermal cut-out system is comprising photoelectric interrupter (photointerrupter).When form memory element (such as SMA element) is actuated completely, photoelectric interrupter is triggered, and such as, by photoelectric interrupter identification element (flagcomponent), cuts off the power supply to SMA thus.By reference to the accompanying drawings these parts and function are hereafter being described.After photoelectric interrupter is triggered, SMA cools, and extends thus and is applied to the pressure in actuator member (such as pitching element) before discharging.Biasing member (such as one or more spring) carries out bias voltage to actuator member, and so to clutch bias voltage, reaches its disengaged position.Spring force is enough to allow actuator member move when SMA discharges its pressure in actuator member, and so allows clutch move towards its default location.Reseted by this, photoelectric interrupter is reset, beyond photoelectric interrupter marker movements to the trigger position relevant with photoelectric interrupter.In certain embodiments, this makes power return to SMA element, and this makes SMA will brake (arrest) and recurvation is hung down.
System can be designed to the intrinsic hysteresis characteristic utilizing SMA material responsiveness, makes power cycle as above not hinder the main operation of system.Control loop can be attempted to maintain the constant heating current to SMA element, and no matter how supply voltage changes.If ambient temperature keeps constant, then independent of supply voltage fluctuation, constant heating current guarantees the almost consistent responsiveness from system.When variation of ambient temperature, the heating current activated needed for SMA also changes, and raises when required electric current declines when ambient temperature raises and falls at ambient temperature.By reducing the work cycle of heating current, power cycle as mentioned above based on thermal cut-out guarantees that SMA element is not overheated, even if its DC value major part is also passable independent of ambient temperature.
Relevant with efficiency further, technology of the present invention can meet and reduce or greatly reduced response or the lag time of (such as pressing between the button of reclinable back-rest and backrest actual tilt user) between function in many cases.
Relevant with noise level further, noise level will be used for gear-box at production material to be reduced with time motor (compared with rapid mass).Careful selection material and system can alleviate noise level.Modification comprises a kind of polymer and a kind of metal (such as brass) gear that use and match, with not mating (mismatch) on production inflexibility, increases the sense of hearing impedance to noise transmission thus.
In certain embodiments, actuator is designed to prolection material not by mechanical overload.In certain embodiments, this uses spring and/or lever (lever) to realize, and in other specific embodiments, also can realize when not using additional springs and lever.The embodiment relevant with the design of normal engagement as above is a kind of example.
Compared with legacy system, by using the motor of or limited quantity, there is the advantage that high successional acting exports.Another advantage is reversible action.By affecting multiple power output characteristics portion with a motor, (words (such as the noise decrease of multiple motor) even without improving further) advantage also comprises lower quality and cost and identical operation.The actuator of the technology of the present invention is relatively low-quality, relatively low cost, and relative small size, especially compared with each quantity organizing the motor that actuator is replaced.
The described advantage of the technology of the present invention provides as an example, better understands it to provide, and advantage of not giving one's all thoroughly.
Turn to accompanying drawing, Fig. 2 shows individual embodiment of the present invention, and it comprises motor 12 and first and second transmission device 14a, b, its each there are the multiple output elements 16 connected with it drivenly.More specifically, power supply 20 is shown as and is attached to motor 12, and the first transmission device 14a comprises relative single output element 16, and wherein element 16 extends from gear-box 22 and comprises driven shaft 24.Second transmission device 14b comprises in groups three relative output element the 16, seven carry-out parts and extends near motor 12.As directed, input shaft may be used for transmission device 14 transmitting power, and power supply can be connected to each actuator 18 (Fig. 2) via silk thread respectively.
Fig. 3 shows the inner workings of transmission device 14.System 10 is described to first be connected to power seat (powerseat) 1, as shown in Fig. 1 routine.Except automobile, such as technology of the present invention also can be used for other types vehicle, for family and office furniture.Another illustrative embodiments of the technology of the present invention is adjustable skylight (sunroof), vehicle window, car mirror or camera.
Continue with reference to figure 3, system 10 comprises multiple actuator 18, or actuator assemblies.Although show five actuators 18 by the mode of example, the quantity of actuator 18 is unrestricted.The quantity of actuator is herein sometimes referred to as variable n, and wherein n is non-zero positive integer, any amount of output that the artificer corresponding to the technology of the present invention embodiment expects.Fig. 3 is the perspective view of assembly system 10, and should understand is not that all parts of actuator 18 can be seen in figure 3, and miscellaneous part is hereafter being described in detail and showing in figure subsequently.
Hybrid transmission system 10 also comprises gear-box 22.Although show and describe gear-box 22, in the described embodiment, system 10 does not comprise actual casing or the housing of any type.Actuator 18 can be connected to one or more gear 26, or is at least connected to clutch component 28.
As hereafter described in detail and showing at figure subsequently, in n actuator 18, the selective actuation of any concrete actuator realizes joint or the disengagement of concrete clutch component 28 and input block (such as input shaft or gear) in gear-box 22, and described concrete clutch component corresponds to concrete actuator 18.When engaging, input block is connected to the output block corresponding with concrete clutch by concrete clutch.
Shown parts are provided by example and gear-box 22 is not limited to quantity or the type of shown gear.Gear-box is also not limited to comprise gear and except gear or replace gear can also comprise miscellaneous part for transmitting merit and power.
System 10 can comprise controller (not shown), for controlling and/or monitor actuating of actuator 18.
Gear-box 22 comprises motor feed opening 30.Feed opening 30 size is set to, be configured as and orientate as receive at least one input block.More specifically, by opening 30, input block---such as input shaft is (not shown in figure 3; Such as see the axle 32 of Fig. 4)---enter gear-box 22.The size of feed opening 30, shape and position are unrestricted.Such as, although opening 30 is shown as roughly along the long side centralized positioning of gear-box 22 in the embodiments of figure 3, opening can not be centralized positioning or the short side that can be positioned on gear-box 22.As described in the replacing structure shown in for Figure 12 A, B, input block can comprise gear on worm and opening on the short side of gear-box enters.
Gear-box 22 also comprises outlet opening 34.As mentioned above, for the quantity of actuator 18 used, n the opening 34 that the quantity of output that the artificer that hybrid transmission system 10 comprises mode of execution any with the technology of the present invention expects (such as axle 40) is in the diagram corresponding.
Outlet opening 34 size is set to, be configured as and orientate as receive output block (not shown in Fig. 3; Such as see the axle 40 of Fig. 4).The size of outlet opening 34, shape and position are unrestricted.Such as, although opening 34 is shown as the long side distribution along gear-box 22 in the embodiments of figure 3, but in the embodiment that can expect, at least one in outlet opening is positioned in the one side of gear-box 22, and described face is different from the face at least one place in other outlet openings.
Outlet opening 34 can comprise assembly parts, and it contributes to output member (such as curved axis) and is easy to connect/throw off, and outputting power is carried to final application section by described output member.
The decomposition view of the gear-box 22 shown in Fig. 3 is shown see ensuing figure, Fig. 4.Gear-box 22 comprises housing 36, and it is around the parts of gear-box 22.The parts of gear-box 22 comprise input block.In the fig. 4 embodiment, input block comprises input shaft 32 and input gear 38.As described herein or the shown all parts as separate parts such, input shaft 32 and input gear 38 can be parts separately, and are joined together, or such as by integrally being formed and forming parts.Similarly, all parts described herein or that be depicted as monomer can comprise multiple part.
The input gear 38 of the embodiment of Fig. 4 is single spur type gear.But, the type of input gear (one or more) and quantity and such its dependent variable of such as size and material unrestricted.In alternative embodiment as above, and as shown in Figure 12 A, B, input block comprises worm screw 106 and gear on worm 108.
Gear-box 22 comprises n the output gear 26 corresponding with the quantity exporting 16 with the actuator 18 of system 10 further.As provide, the embodiment of Fig. 3 comprises five actuators 18, and so shows five corresponding output gears 26.For ease of illustrating, mark a-e for describing five groups of parts, thus: the first actuator assemblies 18a affects the first lock or clutch 28a, for being optionally connected with the first corresponding output shaft 40a by corresponding first output gear 26a; Second actuator 18b affects corresponding second clutch 28b, for optionally corresponding second output gear 26b being connected to corresponding second output shaft 40b; Deng.
Input gear 38 and axle 32 are connected to drive motor 12.Should be understood that the structure due to gear 38 in this embodiment, 26a-e, as Fig. 4 is clearly shown that, the rotation of actuation gear 38 causes the rotation of output gear 26a-e.
Concrete with reference to the interaction between clutch 28 and output shaft 40, for the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, each clutch 28 comprises main outline 29a (such as recessed radius), and it is configured to the main outline 31a (such as convexity radius) receiving corresponding output shaft 40.Each clutch 28 also comprises recessed portion or lining profile 29b, and it is configured to the protuberance 31b receiving corresponding output shaft 40.By individual features 29b, 31b, clutch 28 rotates together with output shaft 40.
Gear-box 22 also comprises opening 41, for receiving the far-end (Fig. 4) of output shaft 40.Opening 41 size is set to, be configured as and otherwise configure (such as by the material included by them) for contributing to output shaft unrestricted motion wherein.
As mentioned above, clutch is controlled (as shown in Figure 3) by corresponding actuator 18 to output gear engagement/disengagement.Actuator 18a-e enters gear-box 22 by actuator-feed opening 33a-e.
Fig. 5 A, B show the close up view of the clutch 28 of to throw off (Fig. 5 A) with corresponding output gear 26 and engage (Fig. 5 B).
In certain embodiments, in operation, gear 26 rotates when motor 19 operates.When SMA actuator is in its OFF state, respective gears 26 freely rotates (namely not transmitting any moment of torsion to output shaft) on output shaft.When SMA actuator is in its ON state, it makes output shaft 40 be connected to respective gears 26 via clutch 28.These functions are hereafter further describing.
Clutch 28 each can be the form of lock.As shown in these figures, clutch 28 each can comprise pin component, pin or lock pin component 42, and clutch cut off component (clutchcuttingmember) 44 (or lock cut-out element).Clutch 28 also can comprise the alignment members 46 of connecting pin 42 and cutter 42.
Alignment members 46 can be such as spring.Alignment members 46 is operating as aims at pin with the cut-out component 42,44 of clutch 28.Aim at usually continuously, discontinuously or substantially may time occur, simultaneously need the pin of pin 42 or tooth and output gear 26 coordinate groove or ridge to engage time still allow between these parts rotation mis-alignment (rotarymisalignment).Alignment members 44 (such as alignment springs) also can be used for making the joint between clutch (i.e. pin element) and output gear start to make tooth and contacting of tooth become soft with throwing off between tailend.
As mentioned above, the actuator 18 of hybrid transmission system 10 of the present invention comprises the joint element for merit (such as action) to be delivered to clutch 28 from actuator 18.The joint element of Fig. 5 A, B illustrated embodiment is represented by reference character 48 and the form of normally pitching.Although engagement member 48 is described to mainly be connected with fork 48, in this article, engagement member can take any form being enough to the merit of actuator 18 (such as action) is delivered to clutch 28.
Fork 48 comprises projection, is commonly referred to prominent handle or pin 48y and 48z herein.Prominent handle 48y, z configuration (size is set to, be configured as, orientate as) engaging clutch 28.In certain embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5 A, B, prominent handle 48y, z are configured to groove or other sockets 29c of engaging clutch 28.
Clutch 28 (such as lock) is designed to pin on lock and directly prevents active material 45 (such as SMA silk thread) (Fig. 8) from allowing train of gearings rotate against during retainer on gear.
When SMA45 is in its ON state (be namely operating as and engaged with gear 26 by output shaft), pin or the tooth 42c (Fig. 7) of pin component 42 may slide into (Fig. 5 A) in the hole 26a of gear 26, or the cooperating teeth 26b aimed on gear 26, this depends on pin component 42 and the relative orientation of output gear 26 when engaging process starts.In the later case, due to the profile of two cooperating teeth 42c, 26b, they will slide past each other.
If be connected to pin component 42 at this slip period SMA45 by a series of being rigidly connected, then SMA45 can need the enough power of applying to slide past each other, to complete engaging process to allow two teeth 42c, 26b.This means that SMA45 actuator is by being slidably connected and driver output gear between the cooperating teeth on output gear 26 and pin component 42.This can make SMA45 transship.For preventing this possibility, SMA45 actuator is connected to by means of only being rigidly connected and cuts off component 44; Cut off component and be connected to pin component 42 via alignment springs 46.As provide, spring 46 configures and orientates as and allows limited mis-alignment between output gear 26 and pin component 42, normally during engagement/disengagement process, makes the load of these processes period SMA45 remain on below expected value.
In certain embodiments, lock 28 allowed the rotation up to 20 degree before it starts transferring power.Lock 28 is made to turn back to original position by using at least one return spring 50.Whole clutch pack needs on output shaft 40 with friction slip little as far as possible.Any friction produced at this some place has very large effect to active material 45 (such as SMA)---and such as active material can experience the friction being greater than three times.
Fig. 7 A shows the exemplary severance of clutch 28 or the close up view of centralized positioning component 44.Usually, in certain embodiments, sell component 42 and centralized positioning or cut off component 44 and arranged or " centralized positioning " by alignment springs 46.
As directed, except main outline 29a and lining profile 29b, as mentioned above, cut off component 44 and comprise spring position retainer 29d and two symmetrical spring deflection limiting component 29e.
Position retainer 29d be used for assembly process and in the process not having moment of torsion to be transmitted by connecting structure retaining spring.Pin component 42 exists corresponding retainer (on the side contrary with the side shown in Fig. 7 B).
When not having moment of torsion to be transmitted by connecting structure, alignment springs 46 is by these features (the respective stop part on retainer 29d and pin component 42) location, and this is provided for and cuts off component 44 and pin component 42 is aimed under these conditions.When load is transmitted by connecting structure, alignment springs 46 deflects to allow the rotation mis-alignment cut off between component 44 and pin component 42, with aiming at of the fitting pin 42c (or tooth or contact pin) adapting to pin component 42 and the cooperating teeth (or ridge or contact pin) on corresponding output gear 26.
As mentioned above, the load on this features restriction SMA actuator 45, and allow more level and smooth engaging process.Almost to complete and output gear 26 starts drive pin component 42 once engage, then spring 46 continues deflection, until cut off the spring position retainer 29d on a contact pin component 42 in two symmetric deflection limiting component 29e on component 44.Pin and cut off component 42, the 44 now rigid joint by this interaction that directly contacts, until the moment of torsion transmitted is zero, such as in backward direction connection time can occur at any time.The deflection of direct contact interaction restriction alignment springs 46, and prevent alignment springs 46 from transshipping thus.
Cut off component 44 and clutch 28 is attached to fork 48.Cut off component and comprise groove or other sockets 29c.In order to form groove 29c, can 1/16 be used " end mill and 1/8 " end mill is with 1/4 " acetal cuts out.Groove 29c allows these parts to rotate, when lock 28 is pressed into gear 26 by pin 48y, z simultaneously in fork 48.These parts slide along the lining or projection 40p (Fig. 4) that are attached to output shaft 40 when fork 48 moves, but can not rotate due to the profile 29b with the lining profile being similar to lining 40p.Lock spring 46 portion of being stopped prevents from rotating.When lock pin 42 rotates, its backup lock spring and make it be out of shape; Once load is removed from lock pin 42, then spring 46 will make lock pin 42 and lock cut-out component 44 aim at.
For the formation cutting off component 44, this can realize in three mainly operation usually.First operation is the profile (Internal periphery) and the spring retainer that cut out parts.Second operation is by using 1/8 " end mill cuts out release portion for #0 screw head on the opposition side of parts.
3rd operation increases groove 29c.3rd operation is the most critical part of parts in some cases.Fork 48 use two pin or prominent handle 40y, z, it can be 3/32 " diameter, to make lock by this groove 29c.If groove 29c is too large, then in lock, there is too much play and it can not engage completely or throw off.If groove 29c is too little, then lock can not rotate freely when actuator engagement.If groove 29c is too shallow, then pin can not assemble around diameter.If groove 29c is too dark, then its other features that will pass on lock.If groove 29c is uneven, then when motor running lock by backup actuator.
With 1/8 " acetal cuts out spring 46 (but can use other materials, if it can provide the mechanical property more expected of spring) for this design.Thickness is the aspect of most critical in some cases, is secondly internal diameter.External diameter is not crucial, but should not arrive greatly to exist with fork 48 interferes.In certain embodiments, such as, by use 1/16 " end mill and use 1/8 subsequently " end mill with two steps with 3/8 " acetal cuts out the pin component 42 of lock 28.
For the formation of fork 48, can 1/8 be used " end mill is with 0.270 " contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books (be rated for 0.25 ") cut out.Spacing between the leg 481 (Figure 10) of fork 48 and the distance from the outside of leg to actuator housings 52 are important, and in some cases, importantly have low friction actuator.Spacing between leg 481 should allow strain relief mechanism 54 (or crank throw (bellcrank); See Figure 10) freely move.The space requirement of leg 481 outside is enough narrow, rubs in actuator housings 52 to prevent fork 48.
The second formation operation for pitching 48 comprises the hole 48x (Fig. 9) got out for pivot and pin 48y, z, moves to allow lock 28.This some holes 48x position is relative to each other more crucial relative to the absolute position on fork 48 than it.As the hole in fruit fork 48 is relative to each other so inaccurate, then can disturb leverage, power or displacement; If hole 48x is so accurate relative to the remaining part of fork 48, then can there is very little friction or the controlled comparatively minor issue of energy.Hole 48x should be straight as far as possible.If hole 48x departs from be greater than 0.005 ", then pitching 48 can not by expectation work.
Fork 48 is designed to approximately have two 3/32 in one embodiment " prominent handle or pin 48y, z, it is pressed into the upper part of fork 48, to drive lock 28.Hole should with pin press fit.Lower opening 48x is used for pivot/rotating shaft, and it is such as 1/8 " pin.In one embodiment, lower opening is 0.128 " hole of diameter, to allow to be assemblied on pin loosely.
Fork 48 can use such as 3/32 " pin to drive lock 28.Design in certain embodiments allows fork 48 horizontal ground motion about 0.120 ", vertical change is less than 0.005 ".Fork 48 is not directly pulled by SMA, but the spring being attached to strain relief mechanism 54 pulls.
After parts are cut out, chamfering can manually be added to fork 48.Chamfering allows the motion completely of strain relief portion 52.It needs the enough large parts with permission system 10 to move completely, but it should leave material as much as possible on fork 48, to prevent distortion.
Fork 48 and crank throw 54 are kept together by strain relief spring 50a, b.Spring 50a, b have and preload, and its value had is greater than the maximum load needed for systems in operation, and is less than expectation maximum load, and this expectation maximum load considers to provide for the durability of SMA actuator 45.If the output loads acted on fork 48 makes the load on strain relief spring 50a, b exceed its pre-load value, then spring 50a, b changes its length, allows fork 48 from crank throw 54 separately thus.This maximum load that can be delivered to SMA actuator 45 from fork 48 is restricted to the expected value that strained retracting spring 50a, b control.
Chamfering is just do not have the release characteristic portion of mechanical interference to allow another parts to move relative to first component in incision parts.
Fig. 7 B shows the close up view of the exemplary pin members 42 of each clutch 28 (such as lock).As directed, pin component 42 (as cut-out component 44) comprises main outline 42a and lining or large scale profile 42b.Large scale profile 42b size is set to and is configured as projection (lining) 31b holding output shaft 40.
Pin component 42 also comprises at least one pin 42c.The embodiment illustrated shows two pin 42c by example.Pin 42c is configured to (such as size is set to, be configured as and orientate as) when clutch 28 moves to its engagement positio (as shown in Figure 5 B) and engages contiguous output gear 26.By pin 42c, pin component 42 engages contiguous output gear 26, makes the rotation of output gear 26 directly be converted to the rotation of pin component 42, and is so usually also delivered to clutch 28.And then due to the joint between at least one in the projection 31b of output shaft and the large scale of clutch 28 or hub sections 42b, 44b, the rotation of clutch 28 is directly converted to the rotation of output shaft 40.
Forward the perspective view that next figure, Fig. 8 show actuator 18 to.The view of Fig. 8 shows mounting plate 56, containing form memory element (SME) or " active material " 45, and does not show the covering that the actuator 18 of Fig. 3 illustrates.Active material mounting plate 56 comprises recessed sidepiece 581 and the central part 58c of active material, arranges active material 45 (such as marmem (SMA) silk thread) in the running of hybrid transmission system 10 wherein.
Two ends that active material mounting plate 56 is included in the end of respective lateral recess 581 connect or anchor point 58a, b.At these some places, active material 45 anchors to mounting plate 56.
Actuator 18 is also included at least one place in first and second anchor point 58a, b or neighbouring power supply or thermal source 12.Power supply or thermal source such as can be connected to storage battery, for optionally input current being provided to active material 45, making active material experience Joule heating thus, and responsively changing its phase, and changing shape and/or size thus.
As hereafter described in further detail, active material 45 is also optionally affecting the motion of clutch 28 (such as lock).By joint element 48 (such as pitching), active material 45 realizes this point.The form of fork is provided by the example of an element, and the clutch 28 on the every side of described element engaging clutch 28, can apply uniform force (such as motive force) thus on the opposition side of clutch 28.
Silk thread mounting plate 56 is in certain embodiments with 0.25 " contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books cuts out.The object of these parts 56 is that silk thread 45 (or other forms of active material, such as ribbon) is installed to base portion exactly, and actuator 18 is aimed at gear-box 22.
In forming process, silk thread mounting plate 56 can be cut out in four operations.First operation cuts out main body.Limiting three passages of recess to be designed to 1/8 " end mill cuts out.Ring terminal keeps features to can be used for SMA45 to be held in place, and at them as now, they can be designed to 1/16 " end mill cuts out.
Around the cavity of actuator 18, there is several hole, a some holes is used for fastening actuator base portion and covering, and other hole is designed to by using 1/16 " sell and these parts are aimed at base portion.Institute porose available 1/16 " drill bit gets out, and needs get out at center.The width of cavity 56c needs enough wide, freely moves to allow fork 48.
As described in, and such as shown in Fig. 8, actuator 18 also comprises housing 52, photoelectric interrupter sub-component 60 and strain relief portion 54.Housing 52 size is set to and is configured as at least some part in the parts of reception actuator 18, comprises fork 48 and strain relief portion 54.
In forming process, housing or the base portion 52 of actuator 18 use 1/2 in certain embodiments " contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books cuts out.The actual grade of part can be 0.515 " thickness of specified contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books raw material (it is 1/2 ").There are four operations in certain embodiments.First operation is the main body cutting out housing 52.Cavity in these parts is designed to 1/8 " end mill cuts out.There are eight holes, is for 1/16 compared with the object of aperture " pin carries out press fit, and larger hole is the close-fitting clearance holes for #2-56 screw.Again, as described in, in certain embodiments cavity 58c need enough wide, freely rotate to allow fork 48.
Second operation can be get out other holes in pivot hole and above described holes and plane.Object for the hole of pivot is use 0.128 " drill bit holes.Other holes should be got out, to shoot screw (feature such as had is: #2-56), and but countersunk head.3rd operation is boring, to install photoelectric interrupter mounting plate.4th operation cuts out conduit, to install return spring.In certain embodiments, the width of this otch needs enough wide, to hook return spring (feature such as had is: #2-56) around screw.
Active material 45 can comprise the silk thread of paired (or more than two) of distortion.The power applied by active material (such as SMA silk thread actuator 45) and its cross sectional area proportional.Total ouput force is increased by increasing the diameter of active material (such as silk thread).Total ouput force is also by using multiple silk thread to realize, and described silk thread is mechanically arranged in parallel between ground anchoring piece (groundanchor) and carry-out part load.In order to encapsulate easily, multiple silk thread can be arranged in cable or establishment is braiding structure.
In order to make assembling easier, replace the ring terminal of spool to can be used for anchor point 58a, b (Fig. 8), SMA actuator 45 can anchor to gear box casing 22 thus, and it finally can be anchored to again main structure (such as seat portion structure).Which eliminate the needs installing silk thread (one or more) and fixing one group lead-in wire.Silk thread (one or more) is installed to body at body anchor point 58a, b place.From this point, lead-in wire is twisted together and centrally passage 58c advances, and at this place, their passing hole before reaching actuator cavity are left, and each of silk thread enters in actuator cavity along its oneself row of passages.
Covering be pure decoration and for operated actuator not necessarily.By using four 1/16 " pin, base portion is aligned to silk thread scaffold, and fastening by four screws (feature such as had is: #2-56).
Comparatively macropore 54x in strain relief mechanism 54 is used for pivot, and it needs to carry out close fit (0.125' drill bit).Strain relief retainer is used in three holes of pivot 54x right.(in three holes) two external holes are used for 1/16 " pin, to aim at scaffold, and intermediate hole needs to be shot screw (such as #2-56 screw).Two holes on right side are used for spring fitting.Upper hole is through hole, and return spring is connected to this through hole, and lower opening is used for strain relief spring.Flag sign portion interacts with thermal cut-out photoelectric interrupter sometimes.The thickness needs indicated in certain embodiments are enough thin, with between the leg being assemblied in photoelectric interrupter 60a, b of 2mm (Figure 10).
For manufacture, strain relief mechanism 54 is designed to manufacture in four operations.First operation is with 5/8 " contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books cuts out body.Second operation forming strain relief mechanism 54 cuts out silk thread path and return spring hole (one or more)---such as the two is vertically aligned near anchoring piece point.Use 1/16 in certain embodiments " end mill use the arc in Y-Z plane cut out silk thread path.Hole for return spring (one or more) is not the key component of design in certain embodiments, and only needs enough wide, rubs during operation to prevent spring (one or more) on arm 54.
It is necessary that 3rd operation of formation strain relief mechanism 54 returns strain relief spring 50 to installation in some cases, and is provided for the gap of fork 48.The large profile of body central is for alleviating parts and providing the sufficient space installing return spring.The definite size in this hole is not crucial, but needs large enough, to allow return spring not contact described arm, simultaneously enough little of to leave enough materials on wall.Hole (one or more) is configured to allow return spring (one or more) 50 to install.Spring can one of in the hole in link arm 54 or both.Enough spaces are left in hole, not hooked spring by the surrounding materials that hole is shifted out.Hole needs enough large, does not contact described arm to allow spring.
Another hole in strain relief mechanism 54 allows the gap of blocking materials on fork 48.In order to make fork 48 more rigid, additional materials can add most thin section to, and strain relief mechanism 54 needs this additional clearance.This hole should be enough dark in the material fully removing fork 48, but whether too dark.If hole is too large, then it can make the wall of strain relief mechanism 54 (contiguous active material path) excessively thin.Another hole in strain relief mechanism 54 is for receiving strain relief spring 50a, b and contributing to anchoring strain relief spring 50a, b.
In one embodiment, SMA silk thread 45 and return spring 50a, b are attached to strain relief mechanism 54.This arm is connected to fork by strain relief spring, and by 1/8 " pin is attached to actuator.Silk thread bend around the diameter of curve more much bigger than 20:1 than the recommendation between bending diameter and wire diameter.As provide, strain relief is in mark that is pre-or that comprise for thermal cut-out.
In forming process, fork mark 51c can with 0.125 " thick contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books cuts out.In certain embodiments, indicate that very important part is hole.There are two objects in this hole: (i) forms the space (interval) between fork 48 and strain relief mechanism 54, and (ii) makes mark 51c rotate with fork 48.The surface type in this hole is not crucial in some cases, because there is not relative movement between hole and fork 48.
Edge, hole is important relative to the position in the hole for pivot, and is crucial in some cases.If the distance between pivot hole and edge, hole is too large, then mark will have less desirable play, and it can such as make mark forever or undesirably hinder photoelectric interrupter 60a, b.On the other hand, if the distance between pivot hole and edge, hole is too little, then indicate that 51c will not flush against fork 48, and so, mark 51c also will not flush against strain relief mechanism 54, cause less desirable friction.
The thickness of mark 51c intermediate portion also should be through inspection.If this part is too thick, then it will contact actuator housings 52.If this part is too thin, then reduction is used for the size making its features rotated together with fork 48 by it.As provide, end indicates the thickness of 51c should be able to be assemblied between the leg of 2mm photoelectric interrupter 60a, b.Preferably hole with the same size drill bit for pitching 48 in certain embodiments in hole for pivot.
In certain embodiments, in order to simplify electronic device, photoelectric interrupter needs to be attached to fork, to show when be engaged at lock.Due to the design of bar, fork only moves about 0.060 in the housing ", and the end motion of fork is as far again.If mark is directly installed on fork, then adjusting photoelectric interrupter will bother very much.In order to more easily adjust photoelectric interrupter, use the mark being installed to bar, described bar makes the motion amplification pitched.The distance that pin on fork is roughly the same with marker movements.By using the features in incision two parts, mark is aimed at described fork.
Strain relief retainer 52b can cut out with PVC or contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books, such as, particularly considers that these parts should not slide against the situation of any other part.The key relationship of these parts is three external holes positions relative to the upper right hand edge of part.Two external holes (near edge) can such as with 1/16 " sell press fit.Pin makes these parts 52b aim at strain relief mechanism 54.Their center holes of three can be set as #2-56 flat head portion fastening piece.Center hole also can be immerse oneself in.Other edges (not upper right hand edge---i.e. top, bottom and left hand edge) are in most of the cases not crucial and can be used for carrying out identifying cutting off retainer 52b simultaneously.
The thickness of strain relief retainer 52b should make it not contact actuator housings 52; If retainer 52b contacts housing, then it will cause less desirable friction in actuator 18.Screw head needs fully intermediate hole, and pin used should be enough short in not protrude through its respective aperture.If edge inaccuracy, then fork 48 and strain relief portion 54 will not be positioned at its design attitude, and can cause the problem of lock 28.
In forming process, photoelectric interrupter scaffold 60 can with 1/4 " contracting an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books cuts out, especially consider the lead-in wire of photoelectric interrupter 60a, b must connect (such as soldering) very near the situation on the surface of this part.
The importance of photoelectric interrupter scaffold 60 is the profiles for photoelectric interrupter 60a, b.Scaffold should keep photoelectric interrupter and securely without any play.If photoelectric interrupter is not positioned at correct position, then mark 51c, a pitched in 48 and strain relief mechanism 54 should be adjusted.
The aperture having installed photoelectric interrupter can be designed to 0.040 " diameter, but can be greater or lesser.Aperture is better (be no longer assembled at this place lead-in wire and/or keep) to a certain extent usually, because photoelectric interrupter more may be held in place.But it is more accurate when holing to it that aperture needs.For larger hole, artificer should guarantee that photoelectric interrupter can not motion after lead-in wire is connected (being such as brazed).The little features of photoelectric interrupter is kept to be designed to use 1/32 " end mill cuts out.In order to save time when cutting out, 1/16 " end mill can first for the manufacture of most of hole, subsequently by 1/32 " part needed for end mill cleaning.The hole of scaffold outside is used for scaffold to aim at actuator body (lower opening is for 1/16 " pin carry out press fit) and upper hole is designed to scaffold to be fastened to actuator, carries out close fit to such as #0 fastening piece.
The operation of fork mark 51c associates with the action of fork 48.Whether this has been rotated through suitable distance, to allow the engagement/disengagement of respective clutch for detecting fork.
In normal operating process, these two marks 51a, c functional in exist overlapping.But, under mechanical overload condition, when the action of crank throw 54 does not associate with the action of fork 48, the state descriptions of these two marks or reflect two different system mode aspects (such as relevant to crank position state and the state relevant with fork).
Photoelectric interrupter 60 is used as thermal cut-out part.It comprises at least one sensor 60a, b (Figure 10), exceedes certain point for determining when mark 51a or c moves with fork 48.Exemplary thermal cut-out sensor is photoelectric encoder or contact maker, it is configured to determine when the light between the some parts of sensor is interrupted by mark, show fork 48 sufficient movement (namely pitch 48 move as far as possible on demand enough far away, to carry out the work that clutch or lock to be shifted onto its engagement positio by it).
Photoelectric interrupter/thermal cut-out 60a, b determine fork 48 moved fully (such as reaching its second place) time, it sends the thermal source 12 (such as with electricity or hot mode) being operable as and reducing or close and supply active material 45.Signal such as can be sent to controller (such as circuit board or processor).The advantage that this structure has comprises, and by only providing enough energy on demand to allow clutch move to the second place and to provide the energy of position only enough maintaining fork 48 subsequently, thus saves energy.Another advantage of this structure is, by providing overheated safety protection, allowing to provide high initial input (such as electricity or heat) to active material 45, realizing actuating of response fast thus.Thereafter, input can suitably be reduced, to maintain desired locations.The overheated of active material 45 is avoided, the activity of restricted activity material and wearing and tearing during another advantage of thermal cut-out structure.
In certain embodiments, the strain relief portion that protection SMA element avoids mechanical overload state is added.Strain relief/machine overload protection is used for the normal clutch designs/embodiment throwing off (contrary with normal engagement).These aspects are that the artificer of system gives the strain and stress that can control material.Such as, this can mechanically or by controlling electronic device be realized or be realized by the combination of the two in some cases.Substantially, under the state that is loaded of the mode of moved into place, can not exist and prevent the impaired mechanism of active material (electronic mechanism and/or mechanical schemes) at activeleg in gear misalignment or system.
Thermal cut-out logical function (all control aspects as disclosed herein) partially or even wholly can perform with hardware (such as at circuit board or other controller places) and/or with software mode at actuator 18 place, and is partially or even wholly performing apart from the relative computing device place (such as vehicle central processing unit) far away of actuator assemblies.
In one embodiment, the position of pitching 48 and clutch or lock 28 biased is disengaged position, and wherein clutch does not join output gear 26 to.Biasing element 50 comprises one or more spring in certain embodiments.Thus, be considered to spring by the part shown in reference character 50, and herein by appellation like this so that describe.Biasing element can comprise except spring or other biasing element replacing spring.
More specifically, the biasing element shown in Figure 10 comprises two springs 50a, b.Spring 50a, b are connected to the anchor point of strain relief mechanism 54 at corresponding first end place.Spring 50 is connected to anchor point 54a1, b1 of fork 48 at the second end place.Spring 50 can have any type, such as, extend or Compress Spring, and so in these examples bias piece will to be operating as fork 48 respectively towards a left side or towards right avertence pressure, this depends on the type of bias voltage.
Active material 45 surrounds strain relief mechanism 54 in the middle part of active material 45.Strain relief portion 54 comprises the groove for receiving and keep the active material 45 surrounding strain relief portion 54.The groove of the strain relief portion 54 at active material 45 place can have the recessed V-arrangement profile for keeping active material 45.
In certain embodiments, active material 45 (such as silk thread) bending around the diameter of groove curve there is the ratio of the 20:1 between bending diameter and wire diameter, and there is larger or much larger ratio in certain embodiments.Release portion 54 comprises or is directly connected to the mark for thermal cut-out.
In operation, when the active material 45 of any concrete actuator sub-component of actuator 18 is activated, its shorten length.Because the material of actuator 18 45 (its end winding support is at anchor point), its shortening makes intermediate portion (surrounding strain relief portion 54) pull strain relief portion 54 (pulling towards anchor point by strain relief portion 54).Responsively, strain relief portion 54 is closely slided towards anchor point, makes corresponding fork 48 rotate around its axis thus.
Strain relief spring 50a, b are connected between crank throw 54 and fork 48.These two parts are around same axis pivotable.These parts are different, but as a component movement, as long as the load on strain relief spring 50a, b of they being connected is less than preloading in spring.This preload be exceeded time, spring 50a, b extend, and it allows fork 48 and crank throw 54 to rotate around same axis independently.
Because prominent handle 48y, z engage with the conduit 29c of the cutter 44 of clutch (lock) 28a, make cutter 44 and lock pin 42 towards corresponding output gear 26a or any corresponding lock plate motion so fork 48 rotates, described lock plate can in the centre of corresponding output gear 26a and lock pin 42.When direct or indirect (such as via plate) the engaging gear 26a of lock pin 42, the rotation of gear 26a causes the corresponding rotation of clutch 28a (lock).By the rotation of clutch 28a, output shaft 40a rotates, and provides the power exported from transmission device 14.
In certain embodiments, one or more in output shaft 40 are connected to again flexible shaft 24, and rotating power is transported to desired locations.Flexible shaft is shown by the example in Fig. 2.Axle 24 partially or substantially completely can be loaded oiling agent.
Round structure (out-and-backarrangement) for active material 45 removes motion lead-in wire.By using spring 50a, b, strain relief mechanism 54 is attached fork 48, described spring 50a, b are selected as making when silk thread reaches value (such as the 40ksi) of certain pound/square inch, and strain relief mechanism 54 can move when not fork.In order to keep fork 48 and strain relief mechanism 54 to aim at, strain relief retainer is attached to strain relief mechanism.
Under fork and strain relief mechanism are remained on design relation by retainer, unless strain relief is in use.When mark in strain relief mechanism 54 stops thermal cut-out photoelectric interrupter, stop the power supply to silk thread.When mark on pitching reaches its photoelectric interrupter, the power for drive motor is opened.If use strain relief, then the mark for pitching will not arrive its photoelectric interrupter.When selecting geometrical construction for actuator, the moment arm of return spring reduces and the moment arm of SMA silk thread increases, (which show the relation of actuator angle to return spring moment arm) as shown in form afterwards, such as:
Form 1
| Angle | Spring force moment arm | % is poor |
| 0.00 | 0.1799 | 0.0％ |
| 0.60 | 0.1773 | -1.4％ |
| 1.35 | 0.1741 | -3.2％ |
| 1.90 | 0.1717 | -4.6％ |
| 2.34 | 0.1698 | -5.6％ |
| 2.69 | 0.1682 | -6.5％ |
| 3.04 | 0.1667 | -7.3％ |
| 3.55 | 0.1645 | -8.6％ |
| 3.89 | 0.1629 | -9.4％ |
| 4.49 | 0.1603 | -10.9％ |
| 5.00 | 0.1581 | -12.1％ |
| 5.52 | 0.1558 | -13.4％ |
| 6.12 | 0.1531 | -14.9％ |
| 6.73 | 0.1504 | -16.4％ |
Second form shows the relation of angle to SMA moment arm:
Form 2
| Angle | Spring force moment arm | % is poor |
| 0.00 | 0.1799 | 0.0％ |
| 0.60 | 0.1773 | -1.4％ |
| 1.35 | 0.1741 | -3.2％ |
| 1.90 | 0.1717 | -4.6％ |
| 2.34 | 0.1698 | -5.6％ |
| 2.69 | 0.1682 | -6.5％ |
| 3.04 | 0.1667 | -7.3％ |
| 3.55 | 0.1645 | -8.6％ |
| 3.89 | 0.1629 | -9.4％ |
| 4.49 | 0.1603 | -10.9％ |
| 5.00 | 0.1581 | -12.1％ |
| 5.52 | 0.1558 | -13.4％ |
| 6.12 | 0.1531 | -14.9％ |
| 6.73 | 0.1504 | -16.4％ |
Shrink with SMA, it amplifies the leverage to system, and return spring loses leverage.Strain relief spring has similar design.When strain relief spring uses, the leverage of spring on silk thread is shunk with SMA and is reduced, and (shows the relation of angle to strain relief force moment arm) further as shown in the 3rd form:
Form 3
| Angle | Strain relief spring force moment arm | % is poor |
| 0.00 | 0.5416 | 0.0％ |
| 0.42 | 0.5403 | -0.2％ |
| 1.01 | 0.5383 | -0.6％ |
| 1.51 | 0.5367 | -0.9％ |
| 2.09 | 0.5347 | -1.3％ |
| 2.71 | 0.5326 | -1.7％ |
| 3.41 | 0.5303 | -2.1％ |
| 4.13 | 0.5278 | -2.5％ |
| 4.93 | 0.5250 | -3.1％ |
| 5.58 | 0.5227 | -3.5％ |
| 6.24 | 0.5204 | -3.9％ |
| 6.73 | 0.5186 | -4.2％ |
Figure 10 shows another perspective view of the parts of actuator 18, shows and comprises photoelectric interrupter 60.
Figure 11 A shows does not have cogged gear-box 100 according to alternative embodiment.Figure 11 B shows the input gear on worm part 102 of the replaceable teeth roller box 100 of Figure 11 A, shows corresponding input gear.Figure 11 C shows the output actuator portion 104 of replaceable teeth roller box, and does not show corresponding output gear.
Gear-box 100 slows down around gear on worm and is designed to.Input shaft 32 can have any amount of expectation worm section 106, and is shown as and has five (5).Axle is supported in end.Gear box casing has interposer, to install bearing, to guarantee the suitable aligning of gear on worm 106.By using 1/16 " sell the train of gearings part making this part of gear-box 100 aim at gear-box, and add the features of housing to by use and aim at actuator.Need this part of gear-box 100 to support output shaft completely, because output shaft only extends the length of actuator.
This part comprises two parts forming housing and two parts supporting input shaft.Housing parts is by use 1/16 " sell and aim at, and two bearing supports aim at housing by using the features on body.By allowing input shaft independent of housing adjustable, by change two be easy to adjust (by adjustment part and it is cut off again) parts and allow to revise mis-alignment.In order to contribute to reducing the noise in gear-box, in the conceived case, cavity is removed.
This method allows axle to be completely supported; Same lining will be delivered to from the thrust of carrying out the actuator promoted onboard, obtain thrust load from gear on worm.This design allows the noise of some mis-alignments and not influential system.
Input gear for input gear 26, second embodiment of Fig. 4 embodiment is optionally engaged (Figure 12) by clutch 110.The clutch 110 of this embodiment can be identical with the clutch 28 of the first embodiment, and clutch moves by the actuator system of type identical with actuator 18.This embodiment (as in embodiment before) can comprise contiguous carry-out part (such as lining) 112 bearing.
In certain embodiments, this gear-box 100 utilizes two high-precision bearings (such as having type ABEC-7) being used for input shaft, for ten brass bushinges of jack shaft, five usual object ball bearings and bronze bushing (such as five), be positioned at output shaft for the flange of curved axis.Test demonstrates the input speed that high-precision bearing needs about 3000RPM in some cases.Because jack shaft only rotates, so brass bushing is suitable with 300RPM.
Need brass bushing to allow their to obtain thrust to allow flange, and do not change its position in the housing.Initial designs for usual object ball bearing can be checked and be changed into brass bushing possibly, to allow tighter press fit, to obtain the thrust load come from output shaft.Although these load should very little (power depends on the friction between the surface at lock and its slip place), they still need to be considered, and if press fit is too tight, ball bearing can not smooth running.
Clutch 110 can be directly connected to input gear 108 or lock plate 114.Lock plate 114 is rigidly connected to input gear 108, rotates with gear 108.The embodiment of Fig. 4 also can comprise such lock plate 114.Thus, for the embodiment of Fig. 4, clutch 28, and more specifically lock pin component 42 sells 42c with it, optionally engages with lock plate 114, is rigidly connected to input gear 26, replaces the lock pin that directly can join input gear to.
Train of gearings is run with the reduction speed ratio of design, and such as 10:1 reduction speed ratio, has the specified input speed of design, such as 3000RPM, and the output speed of design, such as, be 300RPM.
All worm screws 106 are connected to axle 107 (Figure 11 B) independently in certain embodiments, and it leaves the space for carrying out axially adjustment separately for each worm screw 106 and common shaft 107.In gear box casing part 100, input shaft 107 can be supported by little scaffold, and it is adjustable to obtain correct axis-axis location/distance.Gear on worm 108 (Figure 12) adjusts by using the spacer element between the face that supports on the gear of axle and gear 108 that they rotate.
Can adjust the axial position of the gear on axle and the suitable aligning that obtains between worm screw and gear on worm, it contributes to obtaining efficient and quiet drivetrain.
Extra transmission device can add any embodiment as herein described to.Extra transmission device can be configured to realize the desired output motion relevant with input motion.Such as, transmission device can be arranged so that the clockwise input around input axis of input gear (input gear 38,106 of such as Fig. 4 or 11-13 embodiment) rotates the output turned clockwise optionally changed into around the output axis of output gear and axle and rotates (or being rotated counterclockwise).
In other words, in certain embodiments, extra activeleg or other elements (such as discrete component) with multiple position can be used, motor is had and is provided for the reverse extra gear of motor outbound course, and so make the direction at the corresponding input gear in each actuator assemblies place (such as worm screw) reverse.This by permission user by by multiple features of single main drive motor side by side along contrary or same movement.
Figure 14 shows gear structure 200, and it comprises input gear 201 and driving plate 202.Driving plate is connected to idle pulley 204 and idle pulley group 206.Equipment 200 also at least comprises the first form memory element 208 (such as SMA silk thread), moves as contacting or not contacting input gear 201 with idle pulley group 206 for allowing idle pulley 204.The action of the first form memory element 208 can biased element (such as spring-not shown) and/or the second form memory element 210 be resisted.
Depend on the location of driving plate 202 and idle pulley and idle pulley group 204,206, make idle pulley 204 or idle pulley group 206 contact input gear 201 and output gear 212.When idle pulley or idle pulley group 204,206 contact input and output gear 201,212, the rotation of input gear is delivered to output gear by idle pulley or idle pulley group 204,206.Connecting makes output gear rotate along a direction, or rotates along other direction, and this depends on the direction of input gear 201 and is that idle pulley 204 or idle pulley group 206 connect input and output gear 201,212.
Input gear 201 is by single-motor (such as motor 12) driving and for driving multiple function part, wherein at least two need output in opposite direction to rotate, and corresponding to the sense of rotation of motor/input gear 201, another direction is pass in opposite direction in a direction.By using idle gear, input gear 201 is connected to output gear.Direction 1 will use single idle pulley, and direction 2 is by use two idle gears.
Figure 14 shows the transmission system under neutral state.In this condition, driving plate 202 is by one or two activeleg 208,210 and/or be centrally located biasing element (such as spring; Not shown) remain on disengaged condition.Input gear 201 can freely rotate and not driver output gear.When there is centralized positioning biasing element, under this neutral state, two SMA bands are not activated.
Fig. 2 show schematically show system 10 can comprise one or more controller 11, such as computer processor or other control systems.Controller 11 can partially or even wholly orientate as near or away from actuator, power supply 20 (as shown).Controller 11 can comprise circuit card (not shown in detail).
Controller 11 is for optionally causing actuating of actuator 18.Controller 11 also may be used for the operation of monitoring device.Although controller 11 is only schematically shown, and is separated with actuator, controller 11 communicates with each actuator.Controller 11 also communicates with motor 12 in certain embodiments, for monitoring and/or control the operation of motor 12.In one embodiment, the controller separated controls and/or monitoring motor.There is dissimilar motor encoder, it can be used for position to turn the control unit that continues.With better positioning control together with the exploitation to control algorithm, also improve anti-pinch protection (pinchprotection).
Controller 11 can comprise the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of entity.Be connected to storage medium or memory communication non-momentary computer processing unit or the processor of entity.Storage is communicated by communication media (such as calculating bus) with processor.
Storage stores computer-readable instruction.Instruction can be stored in one or more module, and instruction is configured to be processed by the processor, to perform the various monitor and forecast functions of the technology of the present invention.These functions are hereafter being described in detail.
Although the parts of controller 11 are shown together, any parts can be positioned at another nearby components or with miscellaneous part away from.Such as, although storage is schematically shown as neighboring processor, storage can in a part for hybrid transmission system 10, or in a part for larger vehicle, away from processor.In one embodiment, at least two parts of controller 11 wirelessly.Such as, these parts (such as storage and processor) each can comprise wireless transceiver, for wirelessly.Radio communication can realize via short-range wireless technology.
Actuator 18 place or near (such as at circuit board place) there are some logics and/or determine that formulating the advantage of structure comprises the response time faster.The advantage being separated (such as at the central processing unit place of vehicle) as logic and/or some formulation in structure of decision with actuating assembly 18 comprises cost savings, uses existing resource and avoids increasing resource at assembly 18 place.
In one embodiment, microcontroller (such as controller 11) is realized by the design of self-aligning mechanical clutch or replaces with the design of self-aligning mechanical clutch.Which eliminating the order caused due to soft start/stopping performs delayed.
In certain embodiments, active material 45 is phase-change material, such as marmem (SMA).Other exemplary active material comprises electrochemical polymer (EAP), piezoelectric material, magnetostriction materials and anti-electro erosion material.
Marmem is the general name of the alloy presenting abnormal strain memory character, and it can machinery or hot mode induction.First this abnormal character feature is two kinds of constant temperature mechanical responses, is called as shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity.
Exemplary alloy comprises Cuprum alloy (CuAlZn), nickel titanium based alloy, such as, close to the NiTi waiting atom (near-equiatomic), is called Nitinol, and ternary alloy, such as NiTiCu and NiTiNb.Object lesson allows to comprise the SMA based on NiTi.SMA based on NiTi is a kind of or best one in all known polycrystalline SMA, if not best memory performance---can easily turn back to its default shape.The alloy of NiTi system can be resisted large stress and recycles the strain that can recover close to 8% for low and height recycled to the strain that can recover up to about 2.5%.This strain recovery capability can make needing selectivity to transmit torque to the design realizing SMA actuation gear each equipment of multiple output shaft from torque generation device.
In the austenite phase or parent phase of SMA, SMA is at the characteristic temperature ((A that is called that austenite completes
f) stable at more than temperature temperature.(M is completed lower than martensite
f) at temperature below temperature, SMA is present in low modulus phase, is called martensitic phase.The constant temperature machinery responsiveness of the exception of SMA changes for the reversible solid-state thermostat elasticity between austenite and martensitic phase contribution.
At actuator assemblies place and/or away from this assembly and partially or completely constant current function with hardware or software section or another function relevant to actuator 18 of performing completely.This functional configuration is adjustment input voltage, under holding it in about expectation voltage.As an example, effective voltage is adjusted to the expectation voltage of about 13V by constant current function, even as the actual input voltage changed between 9V to 16V, such as due to various or change voltage source character and/or actuator 18 place automobile in voltage requirements.
Another function of actuator 18 is temperature compensation function.This function effect is based on the amount of the input for active material (such as electricity or heat) of actuator 18 place or contiguous temperature.Function can be receive temperature from the source of any kind, comprise the Low-cost electric heat regulator (being such as connected to circuit board 11) in (i) actuator, (ii) vehicle temperature instrument, such as orientate as and be configured to the instrument of the vehicle temperature measured near ceiling, and (iii) active material 45 itself.For the latter, actuator 18 comprises the features of some aspects for measuring active material 45, indicates the ambient temperature near active material.Some aspects of carrying out the active material 45 of this expression can be such as resistivity or the measurement to elongation.
The advantage of temperature compensation function comprises the Consumer's Experience be consistent, and comprises the response time, and no matter active material 45 place or neighbouring temperature how, and save power in some cases.Thus, such as, if ambient temperature is lower than mean temperature 20 degree, then temperature compensation function will determine that corresponding higher input (such as electricity or heat) should be provided to active material 45 (at least at the beginning), the response time is expected to cause and to maintain, and limit retardation.Similarly, if ambient temperature is higher than mean temperature 20 degree, then temperature compensation function is by determining that corresponding low input (such as electricity or heat) can be provided to active material 45, expects the response time to cause and to maintain, and limit retardation.When the latter (higher than mean temperature), at least in fact provide power and save, be less than the power usually provided, and the expected result provided remains consistent.
Should be understood that when to utilize two motors on the input side of system 10, before gear-box or at gear-box place, its output can always or optionally (such as only needs more high strength time) combination (parallel together use).
In one embodiment, system 10 has main motor (its size is set to only for the subgroup of total operational requirements) and time motor (it optionally only strengthens main motor in " severe lifting " stage).For some application, this is the solution of better (low cost, low quality, low noise etc.).Controller as herein described such as can control this selection combination.
Although gear-box 22,100 can have other sizes and not depart from the scope of the present invention, in one embodiment, gear-box has the length (measuring along left and right) of about 183mm and the height (vertically measuring) of 61mm.
In the 3rd embodiment of the technology of the present invention, single transmission device comprises actuator assemblies 18 and can use gear-box 22.The function of this embodiment produces higher (such as higher than what use in other embodiments or legacy system) under being included in and often inputting rpm and exports rpm (revolutions per minute).Such as, low input rpm (advantage had is such as reduce noise and vibration) can be provided, realize almost identical or higher output rpm.Identical input rpm maybe can be provided, realize higher output rpm.
The system of this embodiment comprises actuator member, and it can be substantially identical with the actuator member 18 of other embodiments.It is unique gear-box and single output gear 514 (Figure 15-16) that system 10 also comprises.
Gear-box comprises anterior covering 504, rear portion covering 506, and also can comprise spacer element 508 (Figure 15 A-C).Spacer element 508 can be used for such as manufacturing enough large gear-box, to make fork motion required separation distance.
Output shaft, press fit key (or lining, or projection) and output gear 514 can usually with shown in other embodiments with identical as above.
Output gear 514 such as can have such type, and it has following characteristics: the PA of 48 pitches, 54 teeth and 14.5 degree.The pitch diameter of gear should be set as certain value.Such as, in certain embodiments, the pitch diameter of gear 514 is importantly allowed to be greater than the external diameter of fork (such as pitching 48); By this way, multiple gear and fork can be orientated as located adjacent one another.
Gear-box 502 also comprises input gear (not shown).Motor input gear receives from motor (motor 12 of such as Fig. 2) and drives, and transmits drive to output gear 514.Input gear is connected to the axle from motor.Gear such as can have such type, and it has following characteristics: 48 pitches, 81 teeth, and 14.5 degree of PA.Ratio between output gear 514 and input gear is as being 1.5:1.Have been found that this feature of gear contributes to allowing curved axis (output shaft) to run under its restrictive condition.
Figure 16 is the perspective view of the output gear 514 of the gear-box 502 of the hybrid transmission system of Figure 15.Show space or the hole 514a and pin/tooth 514b of output gear 514, and with the hole of the first embodiment and tooth 26a, b similar.
In addition, technology is in certain embodiments included in the clutch system in clutch.Too large with in the device that can not directly be driven by little activeleg in the power of joint and disengagement locking framework, it is possible that use little activeleg engaging clutch; Little activeleg realizes the driving of larger clutch or locking framework.This also can be applied to make the actuator of current size microminiaturized further.Little activeleg can be first guiding element.Clutch can control the servomechanism of workflow (workflow).
Can by a class separated sensor (such as electricity, machinery or both can) put into each gear-box, so that will the load of main control unit and/or motion feedback signals be gone to separately.If export relevant feedback signal to each can be kept to separate, then can realize better anti-pinch protection when driving multiple features.Specifically, different critical levels can be set for different characteristic, and assess the cost relevant to anti-pinch protection can reduce, and reduces the microprocessor resources needed for this system thus.
The second design can be applied when higher in the torque ratio transmitted by clutch required for each SMA element, to be provided for joint (or disengagement) power of clutch.This design uses motor itself, not only to provide the moment of torsion driven output loads but also the power/moment of torsion being provided for engaging clutch.SMA actuator element will only provide little power/moment of torsion, and it is from the power/moment of torsion of motor transfer necessity, to perform disengagement/joint.
When output characteristic portion is thrown off/engages, motor provides power/moment of torsion, not only drives described carry-out part but also maintain to throw off/engage.In certain embodiments, need continuous rotation to drive described carry-out part at motor drive shaft, but when being only rotated through limited angle to perform disengagement/joint, the type (such as friction clutch) of speed differential clutch can be used for allowing limited torque/force to export from motor, to perform the disengagement/joint of the Finite rotation corresponding to motor drive shaft, still allow motor drive shaft continuous rotation, to drive described carry-out part simultaneously.
When motor itself can provide the power/moment of torsion more much higher than compact SMA element, this design allows this technology to apply when disengagement/engagement load can change in wide range, makes system more robust in this way.
If the motor of throwing off/engaging by working realizes, final design in some cases can be less compacter.
Intended application for this design comprises to be needed by the large moment of torsion of clutch transmission, such as, situation normally when output application requires extensive work and/or power.
Controller 11 makes position counting value increment or decrement by (such as every five milliseconds) poll encoder at certain intervals, thus monitoring three feature locations.
When interrupting, first controller determines whether motor is in OFF, DIRECTION1 (such as seat cushion travels forward) or DIRECTION2 state (such as seat cushion moves backward).If motor is in OFF state, then encoder is left in the basket and stall counter (stall-counter) is cleared.
When motor is in DIRECTION1 state, controller determines which actuator is thrown off and therefore transmission device engages.The corresponding stall counter-increments of splicing encoded device, and if its state from before poll change: 1. position counting decrement; 2. Status Flag is set to opposite logical (oppositelogic); Empty with 3. stall counters.
When motor is in DIRECTION2 state, controller determines which actuator is thrown off and therefore transmission device engages.The corresponding stall counter-increments of splicing encoded device, and if its state change from poll before: 1. position counting increment, 2. Status Flag is set to opposite logical (oppositelogic) and 3. stall counters empty.
Each transmission device is thrown off each time, then motor preferably occurs and to dash forward dynamic program (MotorBumproutine).Motor is dashed forward the current direction that determines motor and make it run little (usually approximately 100ms) in opposite direction and the time of prearranging quatity.The reverse of this direction is removed load from transmission device and allows actuator to return with little necessary power.
When operating in supervision (Supervised) or quick closedown (ExpressClose) pattern, realize anti-pinch protection.Anti-pinch protection features is monitored the electric current of motor and is collected running average.Deviant is preset, and current value exceed running average add deviant time, detect that folder is pinched (Pinch).When this situation occurs, motor stops and the reversed operation time in a small amount immediately, to remove obstacle.User is apprised of this error pattern.
In traditional driving, it has a motor in a driving dynamic characteristic portion, and anti-pinch feature is usually definitely limited by the current settings obtained motor and implements.This restriction is used as critical value, and it triggers the pinch resistant functionality in this specific features portion when being reached.This method is considered to can not be applied to single-motor for side by side driving the technology of the present invention of multiple features usually.
Such as, assuming that features 1,2 and 3 has normal (such as allowing) electric current respectively obtain I1, I2 and I3 (when they are separately driven).Further, I1', I2' and I3' is allowed to be corresponding anti-pinch critical value and I1+I2>I1'.Subsequently, when features 1 and 2 is side by side driven, normal motor current obtains the anti-pinch critical value of the features 1 exceeded for being separately driven.Thus, absolute motor current for the pinch resistant functionality implemented in traditional automatic seat system or other (such as sunscreen assembly, vehicle window, widget, camera) drivers obtains the limit can not be used for the present invention, and does not use the additional sensors of the electric current acquisition sensor exceeded for single-motor.Additional sensors (power on such as each mechanical moving parts or Motion sensor) such as can contribute to this situation and be useful design alternative.
In framework of the present invention, implement pinch resistant functionality still only uses the difficulty of motor current acquisition sensor to be to solve in the following manner simultaneously.The electric current that monitoring control devices is obtained by motor and calculate the movement average of a last m sample.This is the baseline I for pinch resistant functionality
bt the time interdependency of ()---baseline is clearly shown as highlights baseline itself and changes in time, because different characteristic portion increases from the output group of current active or declines.Anti-pinch critical value (I
ap(t)) be set at baseline I
bcertain function of absolute or small size increase more than (t).I
aptherefore be also the function of time.Anti-pinch critical value can be compensated the change for causing in the normal current acquisition of various features due to various factors based on the baseline depending on the time, the change of such as system unit ambient temperature, life-span and wearing and tearing etc.If the method is also extendible---more multiple features portion is driven by single-motor, need seldom/do not need amendment.
Initialize mode arranges various seat component position (such as seat back tilt/decline), and the encoder being defined for direction 1 and direction 2 is located for the remaining part of operating mode.
Thus, various embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein.Disclosed embodiment is only example, and it can be implemented with replacement form and combination thereof in a variety of manners.
See Figure 17, describe with reference to the door assembly 600 being used for vehicle and show the exemplary application of single input as above/multi output drive system 10.Door assembly 600 comprises structure 602, i.e. framework, all parts of its supported cart door assembly 600.Door assembly 600 comprises the movable features of multiple difference, and multi output drive system 10, for actuating all movable features.Movable features and many driver outputs system are entirely attached to structure 602 and are supported by structure 602.Multi output drive system 10 is connected to each movable features, for controlling and/or actuating movable features.Multi output drive system 10 can be configured and operate with as above describing in detail.
The multiple movable features of door assembly 600 can include but not limited to side-view mirror 606, window regulator 608, deployable door handle 610, vehicle door latch mechanism 612, deployable vehicle window shield 614 or car door opening device 616.Side-view mirror 606 is installed to the side of door assembly 600, and can move along multiple directions.Such as, side-view mirror 606 can move, namely along first direction, second direction and third direction along three different direction.First direction can be defined as and carry out around first axle 624 motion that folds into/fold, and wherein mirror is folded into and comes to door assembly 600 with substantially flat, or folds to be substantially perpendicular to door assembly 600 and extend.Second direction is the "Left"-deviationist/Right deviation motion around the second axis 626, and wherein mirror is by left-leaning or Right deviation, to adjust the observing angle of vehicle drivers.Third direction be around the 3rd axis 628 updip/have a down dip motion.Window regulator 608 is movable, to rise and to reduce vehicle window (not shown).Deployable door handle 610 is movable between expanded position and retracted position, and wherein the outer surface of door handle and door assembly 600 is spaced apart, and door handle flushes with the outer surface of door assembly 600 substantially in retracted position.Vehicle door latch mechanism 612 is movable between position latching and unlocked position, and in position latching, door assembly 600 is relative to automobile body locking, and in unlocked position, allow door assembly 600 to open and close relative to automobile body.Deployable vehicle window shield 614 is sunshading board or covering, and it is movable to extend to cover vehicle window from door assembly 600, or returns to expose vehicle window from door assembly 600.Car door opening device 616 is movable, to flick described car door, grasps vehicle door edge to allow user.Car door opening device 616 can operate in combination with vehicle door latch mechanism 612.Such as, when car door is opened, vehicle door latch mechanism 612 can move to unlocked position, rotate relative to automobile body to allow door assembly 600, and door assembly 600 side by side promotes relative to automobile body by car door opening device 616, to allow door assembly leave from vehicle body motion, and user is allowed to grasp the edge of door assembly 600.
As shown in Figure 2, multi output drive system 10 comprises input power source 12 and transmission device 14b.(transmission device is labeled as reference character 14 in fig. 17).Preferably, and as mentioned above, input power source 12 comprises electric notor.Input power source 12 is the sole power source for actuating the movable features of all differences individually or side by side.Thus, supplying power inputs by input power source 12, and each provides power to think movable features.
As mentioned above, transmission device 14 is attached to input power source 12, and is operable as and receives power input from input power source 12.Transmission device 14 is optionally transmitted by flexible shaft 24 and/or guides power to arrive movable features.Transmission device 14 be operable as individually or side by side from supplied by input power source 12 power input actuate movable features each.
As shown in figure 17, transmission device 14 comprises multiple output element 16.Each corresponding one of being operatively coupled in movable features of output element 16.Each output element 16 is individually such as movable between the disengaged position shown in the engagement positio shown in Fig. 5 B and Fig. 5 A.When being arranged on engagement positio, corresponding output element connects input power source 12 movable features corresponding to it, with transferring power between which.When being arranged on disengaged position, corresponding with it for input power source 12 movable features disconnects, to prevent transferring power between which by corresponding output element.
Door assembly 600 comprises multiple flexible shaft 24.Extend between flexible shaft 24 each in output element 16 and movable features and be connected, described movable features is connected to its corresponding output element.Thus, each flexible shaft 24 and corresponding and to be connected to the movable features of this output element relevant in output element 16.
As mentioned above, and with reference to figure 8, transmission device 14 comprises multiple shape memory alloy actuator 18.Each shape memory alloy actuator 18 is connected to one in output element 16 respectively.Each shape memory alloy actuator 18 is operable as the modulation experiencing fundamental property when being exposed to or leaving activation signal, to be activated respectively and inactivation.Preferably, fundamental property is the length of shape memory alloy actuator 18.So, in response to activation signal, namely when shape memory alloy actuator 18 is activated, shape memory alloy actuator 18 shrinks, i.e. shorten length.When activation signal is stopped, namely when shape memory actuator inactivation, shape memory alloy actuator 18 stretches, namely elongated, returns and turns back to its original length or preset length.Each of the fundamental property of one in shape memory alloy actuator 18 changes (such as the length of shape memory alloy actuator 18) and the output element connected with it is moved between engagement positio and disengaged position, thus output element is connected to input power source 12.
Get back to Figure 17, door assembly 600 can comprise secondary distribution system (secondarydistributionsystem) 618.In the output element 16 of multi output drive system 10 one interconnects to the corresponding movable features of that is connected in output element 16 by secondary distribution system 618.Secondary distribution system 618 can be configured to and be configured to run in the mode that the transmission device 14 with multi output drive system 10 is same, and wherein shape memory alloy actuator 18 is for engaging and/or throwing off different secondary output elements 622.So, secondary distribution system 618 is formed substantially to go here and there the second multi output drive system 10 that sequence arranges with main multi output drive system 10, power is provided to the second multi output drive system 618 from input power source 12 by main multi output drive system 10.
Power input is provided to secondary distribution system 618 via in flexible shaft 24 by one in the output element 16 of the transmission device 14 of multi output drive system 10.The input of this power guides by secondary distribution system 618 subsequently and/or to be delivered in multiple secondary output element 622 one or more.Shape memory alloy actuator 18 is activated or inactivation, with the transmission of power between controlling to enter in the power input of secondary distribution system 618 and secondary output element 622.Secondary output element 622 each extend between secondary drive device 620 and the corresponding movable features being connected to corresponding secondary output element and interconnect.Secondary output element 622 each can control different movable features, maybe can control the different motion of single movable features.
Such as, if movable features is restricted to side-view mirror 606, it is operable as around to few two different axial-movements as mentioned above, then the power from single output element is transmitted and/or is directed to two or more secondary output elements 622 from the transmission device 14 of multi output drive system 10 by secondary distribution system 618, to control two or more different motion of side-view mirror 606.Such as, secondary distribution system 618 can comprise three secondary output elements 622, for controlling the motion of side-view mirror 606 around three different axis.
As mentioned above, side-view mirror 606 can move along first direction, second direction and third direction.First direction is the invagination/fold motion around first axle 624, and second direction is the "Left"-deviationist/Right deviation motion around the second axis 626, and third direction be around the 3rd axis 628 updip/have a down dip motion.Thus, secondary distribution system 618 uses single output element from the transmission device 14 of multi output drive system 10 to control three differences of side-view mirror 606 and the motion of uniqueness.
Detailed description in accompanying drawing and display are to support of the present invention and description, and scope of the present invention limits by means of only claim.But although detailed description those skilled in the art are carried out to execution better model of the present invention can learn that being used in the scope of appended claim implements many replacement design and implementation examples of the present invention.
The cross reference of related application
The application is the U.S. Patent application No.13/525 submitted on June 18th, 2012, the part continuation application of 435, it requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/497 that on June 16th, 2011 submits to, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/548 that on October 19th, 572 and 2011 submits to, the preference of 956, each application is incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (10)
1., for a door assembly for vehicle, this door assembly comprises:
One structure;
Multiple movable features, is attached to this structure and by this support structure, wherein multiple movable features comprises at least two in side-view mirror, window regulator, deployable door handle, vehicle door latch mechanism, deployable vehicle window shield or car door opening device; With
Multi output drive system, is attached to this structure and by this support structure, and is connected to each movable features, and for actuating movable features, multi output drive system comprises:
Input power source, for supplying moment of torsion; With
Transmission device, be attached to input power source, and be operable as from input power source reception moment of torsion and transfer torque to movable features, side by side to actuate each movable features, all movable features are actuated by the moment of torsion supplied by input power source.
2. door assembly according to claim 1, wherein transmission device comprises multiple output element, its each be operably connected in movable features corresponding one, each output element is movable separately between engagement positio and disengaged position, its corresponding for input power source movable features connects by described engagement positio, with transferring power between which, and corresponding to it for input power source movable features disconnects, to prevent transferring power between which by described disengaged position.
3. door assembly according to claim 2, wherein transmission device comprises multiple shape memory alloy actuator, each shape memory alloy actuator is connected to separately one in output element, and each shape memory alloy actuator is operable as the modulation experiencing fundamental property when being exposed to activation signal or leave activation signal, to be activated respectively and inactivation, thus each change of the fundamental property of in shape memory alloy actuator makes the output element connected with it move between engagement positio and disengaged position.
4. door assembly according to claim 3, comprises multiple flexible shaft further, extends and be connected between each flexible shaft in output element and the movable features being connected to corresponding output element.
5. door assembly according to claim 3, comprise secondary distribution system further, in the output element of multi output drive system one is interconnected to the corresponding movable features of described that is connected in output element, wherein secondary distribution system comprises: the secondary drive device being attached to described in output element, for receiving input power from it; With multiple secondary output element, secondary output element each extend between secondary drive device and the corresponding movable features of described being connected in output element and interconnection.
6. door assembly according to claim 5, one wherein in multiple movable features is side-view mirror, and it is operable as around to few two different axial-movements.
7. door assembly according to claim 6, wherein secondary distribution system comprises three secondary output elements, for controlling the motion of side-view mirror around three different axis.
8. door assembly according to claim 7, wherein side-view mirror is movable along first direction, second direction and third direction, wherein first direction be around the invagination/fold motion of first axle, second direction be "Left"-deviationist/Right deviation motion around the second axis, and third direction be around the 3rd axis updip/have a down dip motion.
9. door assembly according to claim 1, wherein input power source comprises motor.
10. door assembly according to claim 1, wherein input power source is operable as the sole power source of actuating all movable features.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/319,606 US20140333088A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2014-06-30 | Shape memory alloy hybrid drive for side door hardware |
| US14/319,606 | 2014-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105221370A true CN105221370A (en) | 2016-01-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510368854.XA Pending CN105221370A (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2015-06-29 | For the marmem combination drive of side car door hardware |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105221370A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102015110131A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106938468A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-07-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Composite flooding shoulder joint |
| US11273729B2 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2022-03-15 | Faurecia Automotive Seating, Llc | Variable efficiency actuator for a vehicle seat |
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| DE102015110131A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
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