CN105203410A - Test device for measuring shearing creep characteristic of rock in dry-wet cycling process - Google Patents

Test device for measuring shearing creep characteristic of rock in dry-wet cycling process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105203410A
CN105203410A CN201510677616.7A CN201510677616A CN105203410A CN 105203410 A CN105203410 A CN 105203410A CN 201510677616 A CN201510677616 A CN 201510677616A CN 105203410 A CN105203410 A CN 105203410A
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rock sample
shearing
half box
box
pressure transmission
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CN105203410B (en
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吴平
郭杨
崔伟
杨大顺
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Anhui Institute of Architectural Research and Design
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Anhui Institute of Architectural Research and Design
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering and particularly relates to a test device for measuring the shearing creep characteristic of rock in a dry-wet cycling process. The test device comprises a loading device for pressing a rock sample, a measuring device for measuring deformation of the pressed rock sample and a dry-wet cycling device for dry-wet cycling treatment of the rock sample, and further comprises a box body communicated with the dry-wet cycling device and used for accommodating the rock sample, wherein the box body is divided along a shearing plane of the rock sample into a first shearing semi-box and a second shearing semi-box; the second shearing semi-box is fixed through a fixing device; the loading device presses the first shearing semi-box along the shearing plane and in the direction perpendicular to the shearing plane. The test device can realize real-time observation and measurement of the deformation, the shearing strength parameter, the failure mode and the like of the rock sample after different dry-wet cycling indexes under the cyclical variation condition of the water level of an emulation library.

Description

A kind of test unit for measuring rock shearing creep properties
Technical field
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field, being specifically related to a kind of test unit for measuring rock shearing creep properties in drying and watering cycle process.
Background technology
Reservoir level cyclical variation causes Rock And Soil to be always in " dry-full water " active state, and the Geological Hazard caused thus has caused the attention of numerous scholar and engineering circles, and the interaction of research water petrofacies becomes the hot issue in Geotechnical Engineering.Water petrofacies interaction main manifestations is: the interaction of (1) water petrofacies makes the mineralogical composition of Rock And Soil, factor of porosity, cementing matter and permutation and combination method thereof change, thus cause damage of rock, its shear strength parameter is caused to occur significantly to reduce, cause the destruction of soft rock, even cause the unstability of reservoir stability, the long-time stability of Geotechnical Engineering are produced and threatens; (2) tax is stored in rock mass in drying and watering cycle process and can produces " creep " phenomenon for a long time under stress field effect, and the creep properties of rock mass determines that rock mass is under effect of stress, and distortion can increase in time gradually, finally causes rock mass creep to destroy.The interaction of water petrofacies makes rock mass inside change, and causes damage of rock, is easier to creep occurs.
According to " water power hydraulic engineering rock test code " (DL/T5368-2007), rock sample is submerged after freely absorbing water 48 hours and take out, this rock sample is put into drying box, takes out after dry 24 hours at carrying out 45 DEG C, be " dry-full water " cyclic process.The method is in the state of rock in drying and watering cycle process comparatively accurately under simulated reservoir water level mechanical periodicity.Drying and watering cycle effect is mainly concentrated on to the research of rock mechanics after different number of times drying and watering cycle effect to the influence research of rock, research drying and watering cycle on creep characteristic of rock is also in the starting stage at present, quantitative mensuration about the test of important parameter little, particularly shear strength parameter, thus the development limiting Mineral rheology theoretical system.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of test unit for measuring rock shearing creep properties in drying and watering cycle process, this apparatus structure is simple, with low cost, can carry out real-time monitored and measurement to the deflection, shear strength parameter, failure mode etc. of the rock sample under simulated reservoir water level cyclical variation condition after different drying moistening cycle.
In order to realize object of the present invention, present invention employs following technical scheme:
For measuring a test unit for rock shearing creep properties, comprising the charger that rock sample is exerted pressure, the measurement mechanism that rock sample deformation after exerting pressure is measured, and rock sample being done to the wetting and drying cycle apparatus of drying and watering cycle process; This test unit also comprises the box body for holding rock sample communicated with described wetting and drying cycle apparatus, described box body shears half box, the second shearing half box along the shear surface separation formation first of rock sample, described second shears half box is fixed by stationary installation, and described charger is sheared on half box along shear surface and the pressuring direction vertical with shear surface in first.
Further technical scheme: described wetting and drying cycle apparatus comprises and carries out the water injection equipment of full water treatment to rock sample and rock sample is carried out to the firing equipment of hot gas drying process, described water injection equipment, firing equipment communicate with tray interior, and described box body is also provided with moisture outlet.
Further technical scheme: the shear surface of described rock sample is positioned at surface level, described first shears half box, the second shearing half box is square structure and arranges up and down; Described charger comprises vertical loading unit and horizontal addload unit, described vertical loading unit comprises the vertical lifting jack vertically acting on the first shearing half box top, and described horizontal addload unit comprises the level jack acting on the first shearing half box side along horizontal shear direction.
Further technical scheme: the permeable layer being provided with square structure in described box body between rock sample and box body, the gap between described permeable layer and box body forms the passage of water or hot gas in box, and described permeable layer is evenly provided with some cylindrical holes on thickness direction.
Further technical scheme: described measurement mechanism comprises and is fixed on vertical displacement meter on Magnetic gauge stand and horizontal displacement meter, the contact of described vertical displacement meter contacts with the perpendicular displacement pole be connected on vertical lifting jack, the contact of described horizontal displacement meter contacts with the horizontal shift pole be connected in level jack, described perpendicular displacement strut lengths direction is vertical with the force direction of vertical lifting jack, and described horizontal shift strut lengths direction is vertical with the force direction of level jack.
Further technical scheme: described water injection equipment, firing equipment are communicated with tray interior by the first threeway, is provided with water intaking valve between described water injection equipment and the first threeway, is provided with gas admittance valve between described firing equipment and the first threeway; Described first shears half box top is provided with backing plate, the first pressure transmission plate arranged in the horizontal direction successively, and the first pressure transmission plate is by the piston end plate contact of rolling bearing with vertical lifting jack; Described first pressure transmission plate, backing plate are provided with the hole communicated with tray interior for described first threeway outlet stool, and the first pressure transmission plate side and lower face is run through in the hole wherein on the first pressure transmission plate.
Further technical scheme: described moisture outlet is positioned at the bottom surface of the second shearing half box, and described moisture outlet communicates with one of them arm of the second threeway, and two other arm of the second threeway is respectively equipped with vent valve, draining valve.
Further technical scheme: described first shearing half box side is furnished with successively shears the parallel push pedal in half box side, the second pressure transmission plate with described first, and described second pressure transmission plate contacts with described level jack.
Further technical scheme: described test unit also comprises stationary installation, described stationary installation comprises base, and the rigid posts be vertically built up on base, reaction frame, described rigid posts is provided with the entablature for fixed vertical loading unit, described reaction frame is fixedly connected with described horizontal addload unit, described base is also provided with the keeper for fixing the second shearing half box, and plate face is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the baffle plate of base, 3rd pressure transmission plate, described baffle plate, 3rd pressure transmission plate is resisted against the side of the second shearing half box from the direction that horizontal shear effect is contrary, baffle plate is sheared between half box at the 3rd pressure transmission plate and second.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) by above-mentioned test, can under simulated reservoir water level cyclical variation condition, the shear creep process of the rock sample after different drying moistening cycle, real-time monitored and measurement can be carried out to the deflection, failure mode etc. of rock sample, can shear strength parameter be calculated by corresponding pressure data and measured value.This test unit uses, installation process is simple, conveniently, structure is simple simultaneously, is easy to operation, and usable range is wide, and the precision of measurement is high, long service life.
(2) this test unit not only can more relevantly under simulated reservoir water level cyclical variation condition by arranging box body, the rock sample after different drying moistening cycle, but also achieves complete all shear creep test processes on a table apparatus.
(3) permeable layer can make water or hot gas fully contact with rock sample, and drying and watering cycle terminates, and is also easier to water or vapour to discharge, and guarantees accuracy, validity that drying and watering cycle processing procedure operates further.
(4) the shear creep deflection of corresponding rock sample can be obtained by vertical displacement meter and horizontal displacement meter, learn the rule of rock sample shear creep process, characteristic, failure mode further, and calculate shear strength parameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of box body in the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, the concrete meaning of Reference numeral is as follows:
1-rigid posts 2-entablature 3-base 4-reaction frame 6-level jack
7-horizontal shift pole 8-horizontal displacement meter 9-push pedal 10-second pressure transmission plate
11-keeper 12-first shears half box 13-second and shears half box 14-the 3rd pressure transmission plate
15-baffle plate 16-backing plate 17-first block for transmitting pressure 18-ball bearing 19-piston end plate
20-vertical lifting jack 21-vertical displacement meter 22-perpendicular displacement pole 23-water intaking valve
24-gas admittance valve 25-water injection equipment 26-firing equipment 27-vent valve 28-draining valve
Embodiment
Be further described below in conjunction with Fig. 1,2 pairs of structures of the present invention and the course of work:
For measuring a test unit for rock shearing creep properties, comprising the charger that rock sample is exerted pressure, the measurement mechanism that rock sample deformation after exerting pressure is measured, and rock sample being done to the wetting and drying cycle apparatus of drying and watering cycle process; This test unit also comprises the box body for holding rock sample communicated with described wetting and drying cycle apparatus, described box body is separated formation first along the shear surface 30 of rock sample 29 and shears half box 12, second and shear half box 13, described second shears half box 13 is fixed by stationary installation, and described charger is sheared on half box 12 along shear surface 30 and the pressuring direction vertical with shear surface in first.The above-mentioned test unit course of work: first box body is installed, and the second shearing half box 13 is fixed, then utilize charger according to presetting force value, half box 12 is sheared in first along the pressuring direction vertical with shear surface, then first water filling is carried out by wetting and drying cycle apparatus to rock sample in box body 29, rear drying, namely drying and watering cycle processing procedure is completed, finally utilize charger according to presetting force value, shear on half box 12 along shear surface 30 pressuring direction in first, while keeping pressure stability, measured by the deformation of measurement mechanism to rock sample 29.By above-mentioned test, can under simulated reservoir water level cyclical variation condition, the shear creep process of the rock sample 29 after different drying moistening cycle, real-time monitored and measurement can be carried out to the deflection, failure mode etc. of rock sample 29, can shear strength parameter be calculated by corresponding pressure data and measured value.This test unit uses, installation process is simple, conveniently, structure is simple simultaneously, is easy to operation, and usable range is wide, and the precision of measurement is high, long service life.
Described wetting and drying cycle apparatus comprises and carries out the water injection equipment 25 of full water treatment to rock sample 29 and rock sample 29 is carried out to the firing equipment 26 of hot gas drying process, described water injection equipment 25, firing equipment 26 communicate with tray interior, and described box body is also provided with moisture outlet.Namely by water injection equipment 25, water is injected in box body, the rock sample 29 being positioned at box body is immersed in water, according to test setting-up time, soak a period of time, then close water intaking valve 23, open draining valve 28, then open firing equipment 26, in box body, send hot blast to carry out drying to rock sample 29 by firing equipment, dry moisture outlet is discharged.This test unit not only can more relevantly under simulated reservoir water level cyclical variation condition by arranging box body, the rock sample 29 after different drying moistening cycle, but also achieves complete all shear creep test processes on a table apparatus.
Here provide a kind of measurement scheme of test unit of the best: the shear surface 30 of described rock sample is positioned at surface level, described first shears half box 12, second shearing half box 13 is square structure and arranges up and down; Described charger comprises vertical loading unit and horizontal addload unit, described vertical loading unit comprises the vertical lifting jack 20 vertically acting on the first shearing half box top, and described horizontal addload unit comprises the level jack 6 acting on the first shearing half box 12 side along horizontal shear direction.The installation of this more convenient test unit in measurement orientation and measurement, guarantee to test measuring accuracy.
Be provided with the permeable layer of square structure in described box body between rock sample 29 and box body, the gap between described permeable layer and box body forms the passage 31 of water or hot gas in box, and described permeable layer is evenly provided with some cylindrical holes 32 on thickness direction.This permeable layer can make water or hot gas fully contact with rock sample 29, and drying and watering cycle terminates, and is also easier to water or vapour to discharge, and guarantees accuracy, validity that drying and watering cycle processing procedure operates further.
Described measurement mechanism comprises and is fixed on vertical displacement meter 21 on Magnetic gauge stand and horizontal displacement meter 8, the contact of described vertical displacement meter 21 contacts with the perpendicular displacement pole 22 be connected on vertical lifting jack 20, the contact of described horizontal displacement meter 8 contacts with the horizontal shift pole 7 be connected in level jack 6, described perpendicular displacement pole 22 length direction is vertical with the force direction of vertical lifting jack 20, and described horizontal shift pole 7 length direction is vertical with the force direction of level jack 6.Namely vertical lifting jack 20, level jack 6 act on after on box body, certain shear creep distortion can be there is in the rock sample 29 being positioned at box body, corresponding perpendicular displacement pole 22, horizontal shift pole 7 also can be subjected to displacement, the displacement of perpendicular displacement pole 22, horizontal shift pole 7 can be shown respectively by vertical displacement meter 21 and horizontal displacement meter 8, thus obtain the shear creep deflection of corresponding rock sample 29, learn rule and the characteristic of rock sample 29 shear creep process further.
Described water injection equipment 25, firing equipment 26 are communicated with tray interior by the first threeway, are provided with water intaking valve 23 between described water injection equipment 25 and the first threeway, are provided with gas admittance valve 24 between described firing equipment 26 and the first threeway; Described first shearing half box 12 end face is provided with backing plate 16, first pressure transmission plate 17, the first pressure transmission plate 17 arranged in the horizontal direction successively and is contacted with the piston end plate 19 of vertical lifting jack by rolling bearing 18; Described first pressure transmission plate 17, backing plate 16 are provided with the hole communicated with tray interior for described first threeway outlet stool, and the first pressure transmission plate side and lower face is run through in the hole wherein on the first pressure transmission plate 17.The hole that water injection equipment 25, firing equipment 26 are provided with by the first pressure transmission plate 17, backing plate 16 communicates with box body, such layout makes this test unit integral layout more compact, in addition when doing drying and watering cycle process, can guarantee that water or hot blast can enter in box body directly over rock sample 29, can fully contact with water or hot blast to make rock sample 29.
Described moisture outlet is positioned at the bottom surface of the second shearing half box 13, and described moisture outlet communicates with one of them arm of the second threeway, two other arm of the second threeway is respectively equipped with vent valve 27, draining valve 28.When namely doing full water treatment, close vent valve 27, draining valve 28, full water treatment terminates, and needs to carry out drying process and just opens vent valve 27, draining valve 28, be convenient to the eliminating of water and hot vapour.
Described first shearing half box 12 side is furnished with successively shears parallel push pedal 9, the second pressure transmission plate 10 in half box 12 side with described first, and described second pressure transmission plate 10 contacts with described level jack 6.
Described test unit also comprises stationary installation, described stationary installation comprises base 3, and vertically set up rigid posts 1 on the base 3, reaction frame 4, described rigid posts 1 is provided with the entablature 2 for fixed vertical loading unit, described reaction frame 4 is fixedly connected with described horizontal addload unit, described base 3 is also provided with the keeper 11 for fixing the second shearing half box 13, and plate face is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the baffle plate 15 of base, 3rd pressure transmission plate 14, described baffle plate 15, 3rd pressure transmission plate 14 is resisted against the side of the second shearing half box 13 from the direction that horizontal shear effect is contrary, baffle plate 15 is sheared between half box 13 at the 3rd pressure transmission plate 14 and second.
The specifically course of work of the above-mentioned test unit for measuring rock shearing creep properties is as follows:
The first step, measures the size of rock sample 29 and record, rock sample 29 is put into box body, is then positioned over by box body on base 3, shears half box 13 be fixed second; Shear half box 12 end face by first and place the first block for transmitting pressure 17 with holes and backing plate 16, and the position of aligned hole, fully contacted with the first block for transmitting pressure 17 by ball bearing 18, vertical lifting jack 20 Pressurized Vertical load is to the force value preset; Place push pedal 9, the second pressure transmission plate 10 that box body both sides are arranged along shear direction, by level jack 6 slowly contact the second pressure transmission plate 10, settle horizontal displacement meter 8 and vertical displacement meter 21, and the shift value that record starts.
Second step, installs water filling device and heating arrangement, according to test design step, first starting mode of pump, set water velocity, close gas admittance valve 24, open water intaking valve 23, water filling in box body, water velocity is slow, and water can fully be contacted with rock sample 29; After rock sample 29 soaks 48 hours, close water intaking valve 24, open gas admittance valve 24 and air outlet valve 27, regulating attemperating unit to arrange heating-up temperature is 45 DEG C, start heating arrangement, and set the flow velocity of air-flow, allow hot blast pass through in box body and circulate 24 hours, namely completing " drying and watering cycle " process.
3rd step, when shear test starts, the oil pump connected by level jack 6 is loaded the part that rock sample 29 is positioned at the first shearing half box 12, when reaching test design payload values, stop load, and make system keep pressure constant state, when system be subject to environmental change affect pressure change to some extent time, stable-pressure device can, to the timely ftercompction of horizontal loading, make whole system all keep constant pressure at any time.By the reading change of horizontal displacement meter 8 and vertical displacement meter 21, the deformation rule of rock sample 29 under different drying moistening cycle, different conditions and feature can be drawn, the creep properties giving rock mass under reservoir level mechanical periodicity can be simulated.
According to test design requirement, repeat above-mentioned steps, perpendicular stress-shear stress (σ-τ) numerical value of many groups can be obtained, thus draw out strength envelope, obtain the shear strength parameter of rock.

Claims (9)

1. one kind for measuring the test unit of rock shearing creep properties, it is characterized in that: comprise the charger that rock sample is exerted pressure, the measurement mechanism that rock sample deformation after exerting pressure is measured, and rock sample is done to the wetting and drying cycle apparatus of drying and watering cycle process; This test unit also comprises the box body for holding rock sample communicated with described wetting and drying cycle apparatus, described box body shears half box (12), the second shearing half box (13) along shear surface (30) the separation formation first of rock sample (29), described second shears half box (13) is fixed by stationary installation, and described charger is sheared on half box (12) along shear surface (30) and the pressuring direction vertical with shear surface in first.
2. test unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wetting and drying cycle apparatus comprises and carries out the water injection equipment (25) of full water treatment to rock sample and rock sample is carried out to the firing equipment (26) of hot gas drying process, described water injection equipment (25), firing equipment (26) communicate with tray interior, and described box body is also provided with moisture outlet.
3. test unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the shear surface (30) of described rock sample is positioned at surface level, described first shears half box (12), second shears half box (13) and arranges up and down for square structure; Described charger comprises vertical loading unit and horizontal addload unit, described vertical loading unit comprises the vertical lifting jack (20) vertically acting on the first shearing half box top, and described horizontal addload unit comprises the level jack (6) acting on the first shearing half box (12) side along horizontal shear direction.
4. test unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the permeable layer being provided with square structure in described box body between rock sample (29) and box body, gap between described permeable layer and box body forms the passage (31) of water or hot gas in box, and described permeable layer is evenly provided with some cylindrical holes (32) on thickness direction.
5. test unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises and is fixed on vertical displacement meter (21) on Magnetic gauge stand and horizontal displacement meter (8), the contact of described vertical displacement meter (21) contacts with the perpendicular displacement pole (22) be connected on vertical lifting jack (20), the contact of described horizontal displacement meter (8) contacts with the horizontal shift pole (7) be connected in level jack (6), described perpendicular displacement pole (22) length direction is vertical with the force direction of vertical lifting jack (20), described horizontal shift pole (7) length direction is vertical with the force direction of level jack (6).
6. test unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described water injection equipment (25), firing equipment (26) are communicated with tray interior by the first threeway, be provided with water intaking valve (23) between described water injection equipment (25) and the first threeway, between described firing equipment (26) and the first threeway, be provided with gas admittance valve (24); Described first shears half box (12) end face is provided with backing plate (16), the first pressure transmission plate (17) arranged in the horizontal direction successively, and the first pressure transmission plate (17) is contacted with the piston end plate (19) of vertical lifting jack by rolling bearing (18); Described first pressure transmission plate (17), backing plate (16) are provided with the hole communicated with tray interior for described first threeway outlet stool, and the first pressure transmission plate side and lower face is run through in the hole wherein on the first pressure transmission plate (17).
7. test unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described moisture outlet is positioned at the bottom surface of the second shearing half box (13), described moisture outlet communicates with one of them arm of the second threeway, two other arm of the second threeway is respectively equipped with vent valve (27), draining valve (28).
8. test unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described first shearing half box (12) side is furnished with successively shears the parallel push pedal (9) in half box (12) side, the second pressure transmission plate (10) with described first, and described second pressure transmission plate (10) contacts with described level jack (6).
9. test unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described test unit also comprises stationary installation, described stationary installation comprises base (3), and the rigid posts (1) be vertically built up on base (3), reaction frame (4), described rigid posts (1) is provided with the entablature (2) for fixed vertical loading unit, described reaction frame (4) is fixedly connected with described horizontal addload unit, described base (3) is also provided with the keeper (11) for fixing the second shearing half box (13), and plate face is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the baffle plate (15) of base, 3rd pressure transmission plate (14), described baffle plate (15), 3rd pressure transmission plate (14) is resisted against the side of the second shearing half box (13) from the direction that horizontal shear effect is contrary, baffle plate (15) is positioned at the 3rd pressure transmission plate (14) and second and shears between half box (13).
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CN112378742A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-02-19 长沙理工大学 Device and method for testing residual shear strength of cylindrical rock-soil body in low-stress state
CN112504872A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-03-16 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司 Rock structural surface shearing creep device capable of realizing dry-wet circulation
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