CN105201603B - 一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置 - Google Patents

一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置 Download PDF

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CN105201603B
CN105201603B CN201510686625.2A CN201510686625A CN105201603B CN 105201603 B CN105201603 B CN 105201603B CN 201510686625 A CN201510686625 A CN 201510686625A CN 105201603 B CN105201603 B CN 105201603B
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田维
张洵
潘锁柱
邱鹏
韩志强
韩伟强
吴学舜
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Shandong Kelansu Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Xihua University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，包括喷射装置本体、稳压气源、水箱、尿素箱和信号检测控制单元；喷射装置本体包括壳体和粉末腔体，粉末腔体上设有进粉口和喷粉口，喷粉口上设有针阀；壳体与粉末腔体间留有锥面喷水通道，壳体上设置进水口；稳压气源分别连接到水箱和尿素箱，以及进水口和进粉口；水箱连接到进水口，进水管上设有水阀；尿素箱连接到进粉口，尿素粉末管上设有尿素粉末阀。本发明尿素粉末与水分开存放，避免了尿素溶液长时间放置导致的变质及浓度分布不均的问题，还避免了在加热化冰处理时可能导致尿素溶液变质的问题；且有利于尿素的热裂解反应，提高转化效率，扩大工作范围。

Description

一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机氮氧排放物后处理技术领域，具体为一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置。
背景技术
基于选择性催化还原技术在柴油机排放物后处理方面具有较好的燃油经济性、满足欧Ⅳ、欧Ⅴ阶段排放法规可以共用一套后处理装置、对燃油的含硫量不敏感等因素，使选择性催化还原系统成为柴油机满足欧Ⅳ、欧Ⅴ排放标准的主要技术手段。但是目前SCR（selective catalyst reaction 选择性催化反应）系统喷射的为含尿素32.5%的尿素溶液，尿素溶液作为一种混合物存放，存在长时间放置会变质、溶液浓度变化不均匀等问题；而且在对尿素溶液进行化冰加热过程中，溶液导致尿素分解变质等问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于柴油机排气后处理的，能够将尿素粉末与水分开存放的外混式尿素喷射装置。技术方案如下：
一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，包括喷射装置本体，喷射装置本体包括壳体和粉末腔体；粉末腔体上设有进粉口和喷粉口，喷粉口上设有针阀；壳体套装在粉末腔体之外，并与粉末腔体在喷粉口处的外壁间留有锥面喷水通道，壳体与粉末腔体之间还设有进水环槽，进水环槽与锥面喷水通道连通，壳体上还设置有通向进水环槽的进水口；还包括稳压气源、水箱和尿素箱；稳压气源连接总气管，总气管上设置有总气阀；总气管分别通过水箱进气管连接到水箱，通过尿素箱进气管连接到尿素箱，还通过分气管分别连接到进水口和进粉口；分气管上设有分气阀；水箱通过进水管连接到进水口，进水管上设有水阀；尿素箱通过尿素粉末管连接到进粉口，尿素粉末管上设有尿素粉末阀；还包括信号检测控制单元，其用于向总气阀、分气阀、水阀、尿素粉末阀和针阀发送控制信号。
进一步的，所述尿素箱进气管上还设有干燥罐。
更进一步的，所述粉末腔体由针阀安装座连接筒状分隔体的底部构成；所述针阀安装在针阀安装座上；所述进水环槽由分隔体外壁的凹槽与壳体构成。
更进一步的，所述针阀与针阀安装座之间设有针阀密封圈，针阀安装座与壳体之间设有尿素粉末密封圈，分隔体与壳体之间设有水密封圈。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明：
1.尿素粉末与水分开存放，避免了尿素溶液长时间放置导致的变质及浓度分布不均的问题，还避免了在加热化冰处理时可能导致尿素溶液变质的问题；
2.尿素溶液的喷射量由喷射装置控制，不需要计量泵，精简了氮氧化物后处理系统的组成部件，节约了成本；
3.尿素粉末中混合的高压空气有助于喷射雾化效果；
4.由于与尿素粉末和水与排气相向喷射，尿素粉末先于水与高温排气接触，有利于尿素的热裂解反应；
5.由于尿素与水的实际反应需求是1:1，而目前使用的尿素浓度为32.5%的尿素溶液中尿素与水的比例约1:2，尿素溶液中水多了一倍，本装置可以喷射更少的水来减小由于水蒸发和水的热容对排气温度的降低作用，有利于降低该系统的临界工作温度下限，提高转化效率，扩大工作范围。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置的结构及工作原理示意图。
图2为本发明用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置的喷射装置本体结构示意图。
图中：1-针阀；2-针阀安装座；3-尿素粉末密封圈；4-尿素粉末腔；5-进水口；6-分隔体；7-锥面喷水通道；8-进水环槽；9-水密封圈；10-壳体；11-进粉口；12-针阀密封圈；20-喷射装置本体；21-稳压气源；22-总气阀；23-水箱进气管；24-分气阀；25-水箱；26-进水管；27-水阀；28-尿素粉末阀；29-尿素粉末管；30-尿素箱；31-干燥罐；32-尿素箱进气管；33-总气管；34-分气管。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，包括喷射装置本体20、稳压气源21、水箱25和尿素箱30。
如图2所示，喷射装置本体20包括壳体10和粉末腔体。粉末腔体上设有进粉口11和喷粉口，喷粉口上设有针阀1。粉末腔体由针阀安装座2连接筒状分隔体6的底部构成，内部形成尿素粉末腔4。针阀安装座2固定在分隔体6左端，喷粉口设在分隔体6右端。针阀1安装在针阀安装座2上，针阀1右端部的外锥面与分隔体6右端喷粉口的内锥面相配合用来喷射尿素粉末。
壳体10套装在粉末腔体之外，即套装在针阀安装座2与分隔体6之外，并与分隔体6在喷粉口处的外壁间留有锥面喷水通道7。分隔体6右侧（喷粉口一侧）外壁为锥面，且内小外大，壳体10在在该处的开口内壁也为锥面，上述两锥面相平行，并间隔一定距离，从而形成锥面喷水通道7。
壳体10与粉末腔体之间还设有进水环槽8，进水环槽8与锥面喷水通道7连通，壳体10上还设置有通向进水环槽8的进水口5。进水环槽8由分隔体6外壁的凹槽与壳体10构成。
稳压气源21连接总气管33，总气管33上设置有总气阀22；总气管33分别通过水箱进气管23连接到水箱25，通过尿素箱进气管32连接到尿素箱30，还通过分气管34分别连接到进水口5和进粉口11；分气管34上设有分气阀24；水箱25通过进水管26连接到进水口5，进水管26上设有水阀27；尿素箱30通过尿素粉末管29连接到进粉口11，尿素粉末管29上设有尿素粉末阀28。尿素箱进气管32上还设有干燥罐31，使进入尿素箱30的为干燥的高压空气，便于使尿素粉末形成气溶胶。
还包括信号检测控制单元，其用于向总气阀22、分气阀24、水阀27、尿素粉末阀28和针阀1发送控制信号。
作为优选，为了使实现更好的密封效果，针阀1与针阀安装座2之间设有针阀密封圈12，针阀安装座2与壳体10之间设有尿素粉末密封圈3，分隔体6与壳体10之间设有水密封圈9。
其中，进水口5处设置有水管三通接头，水管三通接头的下接口接入进水环槽8，中接口接分气管34，上接口接进水管26。进粉口11处设有粉管三通接头，粉管三通接头的上接口接入尿素粉末腔4，下接口接尿素粉末管29，中接口接分气管34。
工作过程如下：
当信号检测控制单元检测到发动机启动信号时，控制总气阀22打开，此时分气阀24、水阀27和尿素粉末阀28处于关闭状态。
当信号检测控制单元检测到尿素喷射信号时，依次打开水阀27、尿素粉末阀28和喷射装置本体20内的针阀1。稳压气源21中的气体通过总气阀22一部分经水箱进气管23进入水箱25，另一部分经尿素箱进气管32进入干燥罐31除去水分后进入尿素箱30；水箱25中的水在气体压力的作用下经进水管26和水阀27进入进水环槽8中，再经锥面喷水通道7喷入排气管中；尿素箱30中的尿素粉末在气体的辅助下经尿素粉末管29和尿素粉末阀28进入尿素粉末腔4中，最后通过控制针阀1定量的喷入排气管中。
当信号检测控制单元检测到停止喷射信号时，依次控制尿素粉末阀28和水阀27关闭，停止喷射尿素粉末和水。
当信号检测控制单元检测到发动机停止信号时，控制分气阀24打开，并控制尿素粉末阀28和水阀27关闭，总气阀22保持打开状态。气体一部分经分气管34从水管三通接头的中接口依次进入进水环槽8和锥面喷水通道7，将喷射装置中的水排入排气管中；另一部分经分气管34从粉管三通接头的中接口进入尿素粉末腔4中，将喷射装置中的尿素粉末排入排气管中；最后关闭分气阀24和总气阀22。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，其特征在于，包括喷射装置本体（20），喷射装置本体（20）包括壳体（10）和粉末腔体；粉末腔体上设有进粉口（11）和喷粉口，喷粉口上设有针阀（1）；壳体（10）套装在粉末腔体之外，并与粉末腔体在喷粉口处的外壁间留有锥面喷水通道（7），壳体（10）与粉末腔体之间还设有进水环槽（8），进水环槽（8）与锥面喷水通道（7）连通，壳体（10）上还设置有通向进水环槽（8）的进水口（5）；还包括稳压气源（21）、水箱（25）和尿素箱（30）；稳压气源（21）连接总气管（33），总气管（33）上设置有总气阀（22）；总气管（33）分别通过水箱进气管（23）连接到水箱（25），通过尿素箱进气管（32）连接到尿素箱（30），还通过分气管（34）分别连接到进水口（5）和进粉口（11）；分气管（34）上设有分气阀（24）；水箱（25）通过进水管（26）连接到进水口（5），进水管（26）上设有水阀（27）；尿素箱（30）通过尿素粉末管（29）连接到进粉口（11），尿素粉末管（29）上设有尿素粉末阀（28）；还包括信号检测控制单元，其用于向总气阀（22）、分气阀（24）、水阀（27）、尿素粉末阀（28）和针阀（1）发送控制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，其特征在于，所述尿素箱进气管（32）上还设有干燥罐（31）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，其特征在于，所述粉末腔体由针阀安装座（2）连接筒状分隔体（6）的底部构成；所述针阀（1）安装在针阀安装座（2）上；所述进水环槽（8）由分隔体（6）外壁的凹槽与壳体（10）构成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素喷射装置，其特征在于，所述针阀（1）与针阀安装座（2）之间设有针阀密封圈（12），针阀安装座（2）与壳体（10）之间设有尿素粉末密封圈（3），分隔体（6）与壳体（10）之间设有水密封圈（9）。
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