CN105201025B - Basement waterproof structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Basement waterproof structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105201025B CN105201025B CN201510574470.3A CN201510574470A CN105201025B CN 105201025 B CN105201025 B CN 105201025B CN 201510574470 A CN201510574470 A CN 201510574470A CN 105201025 B CN105201025 B CN 105201025B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种地下室防水构造，从地下室种植顶板、侧墙和底板三个方面进行全面防护，其中：种植顶板包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土顶板、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板、无纺布、种植土和植被层；侧墙包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土侧墙、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板和回填土；底板包括由外到里的结构自防水混凝土底板、防水卷材、细石混凝土垫层和回填土。据此，还建立了相应施工方法。本发明的地下室防水构造实现了对整个地下室的“全外包”皮肤式防水，而且施工简单易行，综合造价低、防水性能好、性价比高，可满足建筑市场对综合性能理想的地下室防水的需求，适合广泛应用于地下室和其他地下建筑的防水。
The present invention discloses a basement waterproof structure, which provides comprehensive protection from three aspects: the planting top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the basement, wherein: the planting top plate includes a structural self-waterproof concrete top plate, a polymer waterproof slurry, a waterproof roll, a water storage and drainage board, a non-woven fabric, planting soil and a vegetation layer from the inside to the outside; the side wall includes a structural self-waterproof concrete side wall, a polymer waterproof slurry, a waterproof roll, a water storage and drainage board and backfill soil from the inside to the outside; the bottom plate includes a structural self-waterproof concrete bottom plate, a waterproof roll, a fine stone concrete cushion layer and backfill soil from the outside to the inside. Accordingly, a corresponding construction method is also established. The basement waterproof structure of the present invention realizes "full outsourcing" skin-type waterproofing of the entire basement, and the construction is simple and easy, the comprehensive cost is low, the waterproof performance is good, and the cost performance is high. It can meet the construction market's demand for basement waterproofing with ideal comprehensive performance, and is suitable for being widely used in waterproofing of basements and other underground buildings.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于建筑防水领域，尤其涉及一种地下室防水构造及其施工方法。The invention belongs to the field of building waterproofing, in particular to a basement waterproofing structure and a construction method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着建筑业的不断发展和城市化进程的加快，地下室的种类和数量不断加大，对地下室防水要求越来越高，地下室防水工作做不好将严重影响到地下室的正常使用，而且返修费用也非常昂贵。当前地下室防水的传统做法是在混凝土基层上铺设防水卷材或涂刷防水涂料，尽管各种防水材料的种类和质量在不断改进和提高，但由于混凝土热胀冷缩产生的裂纹、防水材料搭接处的处理不当和地下水压高低不同的影响，单一的刚性自防水和柔性防水结合的方式在防水要求较高的场合难以达到防水要求，不但难以竣工验收，也给返修带来困难。因此，地下室防水要根据地下室实际情况做到防排结合、因地制宜的原则，既要有合理的防水构造层次，也要把握好施工质量关，使地下室防水达到设计使用年限。With the continuous development of the construction industry and the acceleration of urbanization, the types and numbers of basements are increasing, and the requirements for basement waterproofing are getting higher and higher. If the basement waterproofing work is not done well, it will seriously affect the normal use of the basement, and the repair cost Also very expensive. The current traditional method of basement waterproofing is to lay waterproof membranes or paint waterproof coatings on the concrete base. Influenced by improper handling of joints and different levels of groundwater pressure, a single combination of rigid self-waterproofing and flexible waterproofing is difficult to meet the waterproofing requirements in places with high waterproofing requirements. It is not only difficult for completion acceptance, but also brings difficulties for repairs. Therefore, basement waterproofing should be based on the actual situation of the basement to achieve the principle of combining anti-drainage and adapting measures to local conditions. It must not only have a reasonable waterproof structure level, but also grasp the construction quality, so that the basement waterproof can reach the design service life.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种综合造价低、防水性能好、性价比高的地下室防水构造及其施工方法，以满足建筑市场对综合性能理想的地下室防水的需求。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a basement waterproof structure with low comprehensive cost, good waterproof performance and high cost performance and its construction method, so as to meet the needs of the construction market for basement waterproof with ideal comprehensive performance.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：地下室防水构造，包括种植顶板、侧墙和底板，种植顶板包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土顶板、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板、无纺布、种植土和植被层；侧墙包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土侧墙、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板和回填土；底板包括由外到里的结构自防水混凝土底板、防水卷材、细石混凝土垫层和回填土。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: basement waterproof structure, including planting roof, side wall and bottom plate, planting roof includes structural self-waterproof concrete roof from inside to outside, polymer waterproof slurry, waterproof coiled material, Storage and drainage board, non-woven fabric, planting soil and vegetation layer; side wall includes structural self-waterproof concrete side wall, polymer waterproof slurry, waterproof membrane, storage and drainage board and backfill soil from inside to outside; bottom plate includes The structure inside is self-waterproof concrete slab, waterproof membrane, fine stone concrete cushion and backfill soil.
防水卷材为TPO防水卷材或PCM反应粘结型高分子复合防水卷材。The waterproof membrane is TPO waterproof membrane or PCM reaction bonding polymer composite waterproof membrane.
种植顶板预留虹吸排水孔，聚合物防水浆料为高分子改性的柔性聚合物水泥基砂浆，蓄排水板为高抗冲聚苯乙烯塑料板，无纺布为聚丙烯无纺布。Siphon drainage holes are reserved on the planting roof, the polymer waterproof slurry is polymer-modified flexible polymer cement-based mortar, the storage and drainage board is high-impact polystyrene plastic board, and the non-woven fabric is polypropylene non-woven fabric.
上述地下室防水构造的施工方法，包括以下步骤：地下室种植顶板的施工、地下室侧墙的施工和地下室底板的施工。The construction method of the basement waterproof structure includes the following steps: the construction of the basement planting roof, the construction of the basement side wall and the construction of the basement floor.
上述地下室防水构造的施工方法，地下室种植顶板的施工按以下操作进行：The construction method of the above-mentioned basement waterproof structure, the construction of the basement planting roof is carried out as follows:
1)先采取抛丸或随浇随抹平方式施工好结构自防水混凝土顶板，并预留虹吸排水孔；1) Firstly, the structural self-waterproof concrete roof shall be constructed by shot blasting or pouring and smoothing at the same time, and the siphon drainage holes shall be reserved;
2)待结构自防水混凝土顶板干固后施工聚合物防水浆料；2) After the structure is dried from the waterproof concrete roof, the polymer waterproof slurry is applied;
3)在聚合物防水浆料上面铺设TPO防水卷材或PCM反应粘结型高分子复合防水卷材；3) Lay TPO waterproof membrane or PCM reaction bonded polymer composite waterproof membrane on the polymer waterproof slurry;
4)在防水卷材上铺设蓄排水板，凸面朝下；4) Lay the storage and drainage board on the waterproof membrane, with the convex side facing down;
5)在蓄排水板上铺设无纺布；5) Lay non-woven fabrics on the storage and drainage board;
6)在无纺布上填好种植土；6) Fill the planting soil on the non-woven fabric;
7)在种植土上种植植被。7) Plant vegetation on the planting soil.
地下室侧墙的施工按以下操作进行：The construction of the basement side wall shall be carried out as follows:
1)先施工好结构自防水混凝土侧墙；1) First construct the structural self-waterproof concrete side wall;
2)待结构自防水混凝土侧墙干固后施工聚合物防水浆料；2) After the structure is dry from the waterproof concrete side wall, the polymer waterproof slurry is applied;
3)在聚合物防水浆料上面铺设TPO防水卷材或PCM反应粘结型高分子复合防水卷材；3) Lay TPO waterproof membrane or PCM reaction bonded polymer composite waterproof membrane on the polymer waterproof slurry;
4)在防水卷材上铺设蓄排水板，凸面朝外；4) Lay the storage and drainage board on the waterproof membrane, with the convex side facing outward;
5)在蓄排水板上铺设无纺布；5) Lay non-woven fabrics on the storage and drainage board;
6)在无纺布上施工回填土。6) Construction of backfill on the non-woven fabric.
地下室底板的施工按以下操作进行：The construction of the basement floor shall be carried out as follows:
1)先将地下室底部用回填土夯实；1) First ram the bottom of the basement with backfill;
2)采取抛丸或随浇随抹平方式施工好细石混凝土垫层；2) Construct the fine stone concrete cushion by shot blasting or pouring and troweling;
3)待细石混凝土垫层干固之后，采取预铺反粘的方式施工好防水卷材；3) After the fine stone concrete cushion is dry, the waterproof membrane shall be constructed by pre-laying anti-sticking method;
4)在卷材上面施工结构自防水混凝土底板。4) Construct a self-waterproof concrete floor on top of the membrane.
针对目前部分地下室防水构造层次不够合理和防水等级较低的弊端，发明人设计一种地下室防水构造，从地下室种植顶板、侧墙和底板三个方面进行全面防护，其中：种植顶板包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土顶板、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板、无纺布、种植土和植被层；侧墙包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土侧墙、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板和回填土；底板包括由外到里的结构自防水混凝土底板、防水卷材、细石混凝土垫层和回填土。据此，发明人还建立了相应施工方法。与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下突出优势：Aiming at the shortcomings of unreasonable levels and low waterproof level of some basement waterproof structures, the inventor designed a basement waterproof structure, which provides comprehensive protection from three aspects: the planting roof, side walls and bottom plate of the basement, wherein: the planting roof includes from inside to External structural self-waterproof concrete roof, polymer waterproof slurry, waterproof membrane, storage and drainage board, non-woven fabric, planting soil and vegetation layer; side walls include structural self-waterproof concrete side walls from inside to outside, polymer waterproof Slurry, waterproof membrane, storage and drainage board and backfill soil; the base plate includes a structural self-waterproof concrete base plate from the outside to the inside, waterproof membrane material, fine stone concrete cushion and backfill soil. Accordingly, the inventor has also established a corresponding construction method. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:
1)结构自防水混凝土顶板采取抛丸或随浇随抹平方式施工，保证了基层强度，使防水层置于坚固结构之上；作为防水卷材粘结剂的聚合物防水浆料，具有良好的弹性、低收缩率，而且与基层混凝土粘结牢固，不脱落、不开裂，同时自身还具有优异的防水性能，能封闭结构微裂缝；地下室种植顶板构造中采用了蓄排水板和虹吸排水，既能保留适量水分满足植被需求，又可通过虹吸作用将多余水分排掉，保证植被根系不被腐化。1) The structural self-waterproof concrete top plate is constructed by shot blasting or pouring and troweling, which ensures the strength of the base layer and places the waterproof layer on a solid structure; the polymer waterproof slurry used as a waterproof membrane binder has good It has excellent elasticity and low shrinkage, and is firmly bonded to the base concrete without falling off or cracking. At the same time, it also has excellent waterproof performance and can seal micro-cracks in the structure; the basement planting roof structure adopts storage and drainage boards and siphon drainage. It can not only retain an appropriate amount of water to meet the needs of vegetation, but also drain excess water through siphon action to ensure that the root system of vegetation is not corroded.
2)地下室侧墙构造中，蓄排水板在防水层中起到软保护作用，蓄排水板凸点面朝外，贴上无纺布后形成滤水和透水作用，符合“排防结合”的防水原则；而且蓄排水板的软保护属永久性防水保护层，相对于聚苯板，造价合理，更环保节能，同时有利于减少地下室内结露水。2) In the structure of the side wall of the basement, the storage and drainage board plays a soft protective role in the waterproof layer. The convex point of the storage and drainage board faces outwards, and the non-woven fabric is pasted to form water filtration and water permeability, which is in line with the "combination of drainage and defense" Waterproof principle; moreover, the soft protection of the storage and drainage board is a permanent waterproof protective layer. Compared with polystyrene boards, the cost is reasonable, more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and it is also conducive to reducing dew condensation in the basement.
3)地下室底板构造中防水卷材施工采用预铺反粘方法，防水层与底板防水混凝土水化热反应形成皮肤式防水层，彻底解决了窜水渗漏风险；同时可有效避免传统做法(防水层粘结于垫层上)因回填土下垮，造成垫层下沉开裂从而拉裂和破坏防水层，形成真正意义上的“正面防水”。3) The waterproof membrane construction in the basement floor structure adopts the pre-paved anti-adhesive method, and the waterproof layer reacts with the hydration heat of the floor waterproof concrete to form a skin-type waterproof layer, which completely solves the risk of water leakage; at the same time, it can effectively avoid the traditional method (waterproof Layer bonded to the cushion) due to the collapse of the backfill, the cushion sinks and cracks, thereby tearing and destroying the waterproof layer, forming a true "frontal waterproof".
总之，本发明的地下室防水构造由地下室种植顶板、侧墙和底板共同形成对整个地下室的“全外包”皮肤式防水，而且施工简单易行，综合造价低、防水性能好、性价比高，可满足建筑市场对综合性能理想的地下室防水的需求，适合广泛应用于地下室和其他地下建筑的防水。In a word, the basement waterproof structure of the present invention is composed of the basement planting roof, side walls and bottom plate to form a "full outsourcing" skin-type waterproofing for the entire basement, and the construction is simple and easy, with low overall cost, good waterproof performance, and high cost performance. The construction market needs basement waterproofing with ideal comprehensive performance, which is suitable for waterproofing of basements and other underground buildings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明地下室防水构造中种植顶板的结构层次图，图中：1防水混凝土顶板，2聚合物防水浆料，3防水卷材，4蓄排水板，5无纺布，6种植土，7植被层。Fig. 1 is the structural hierarchical diagram of the planting roof in the basement waterproof structure of the present invention, in the figure: 1 waterproof concrete roof, 2 polymer waterproof slurry, 3 waterproof coiled material, 4 storage and drainage board, 5 non-woven fabric, 6 planting soil, 7 vegetation layers.
图2是本发明地下室防水构造中侧墙的结构层次图，图中：1结构自防水混凝土侧墙，2聚合物防水浆料，3防水卷材，4蓄排水板，5无纺布，6回填土。Fig. 2 is a structural hierarchical diagram of the side wall in the basement waterproof structure of the present invention, in the figure: 1 self-waterproof concrete side wall of the structure, 2 polymer waterproof slurry, 3 waterproof coiled material, 4 storage and drainage board, 5 non-woven fabric, 6 Backfill.
图3是本发明地下室防水构造中底板的结构层次图，图中：1结构自防水混凝土底板，2防水卷材，3细石混凝土垫层，4回填土。Fig. 3 is the structural hierarchical diagram of the bottom plate in the basement waterproof structure of the present invention, in the figure: 1 structure self-waterproof concrete bottom plate, 2 waterproof coiled material, 3 fine stone concrete cushion, 4 backfill.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1至3所示，本发明的地下室防水构造，包括种植顶板、侧墙和底板。其中，As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the waterproof structure of the basement of the present invention includes a planting roof, side walls and a bottom plate. in,
种植顶板包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土顶板、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板、无纺布、种植土和植被层；其施工按以下操作进行：The planting roof includes structural self-waterproof concrete roof, polymer waterproof slurry, waterproof membrane, storage and drainage board, non-woven fabric, planting soil and vegetation layer from inside to outside; its construction is carried out as follows:
1)先采取抛丸或随浇随抹平方式施工好结构自防水混凝土顶板，并预留虹吸排水孔；1) Firstly, the structural self-waterproof concrete roof shall be constructed by shot blasting or pouring and smoothing at the same time, and the siphon drainage holes shall be reserved;
2)待结构自防水混凝土顶板干固后施工2.0mm厚聚合物防水浆料(高分子改性的柔性聚合物水泥基砂浆，下同)，施工聚合物防水浆料时不能遮挡自防水混凝土顶板预留的虹吸排水孔；2) After the self-waterproof concrete roof of the structure is dry, apply a 2.0mm thick polymer waterproof slurry (polymer modified flexible polymer cement-based mortar, the same below), and the self-waterproof concrete roof cannot be blocked when the polymer waterproof slurry is applied Reserved siphon drainage holes;
3)在聚合物防水浆料上面铺设1.5mmTPO防水卷材或2.0mmPCM反应粘结型高分子复合防水卷材，施工卷材时不能遮挡自防水混凝土顶板预留的虹吸排水孔；3) Lay 1.5mmTPO waterproof membrane or 2.0mmPCM reaction-bonded polymer composite waterproof membrane on the polymer waterproof slurry, and the siphon drainage hole reserved for the self-waterproof concrete roof cannot be blocked when the membrane is constructed;
4)在防水卷材上铺设蓄排水板，凸面朝下；4) Lay the storage and drainage board on the waterproof membrane, with the convex side facing down;
5)在蓄排水板(高抗冲聚苯乙烯塑料板)上铺设无纺布(聚丙烯无纺布)；5) Lay non-woven fabric (polypropylene non-woven fabric) on the storage and drainage board (high-impact polystyrene plastic board);
6)在无纺布上填好种植土；6) Fill the planting soil on the non-woven fabric;
7)根据实际需要在种植土上种植合适植被。7) Plant suitable vegetation on the planting soil according to actual needs.
侧墙包括由里到外的结构自防水混凝土侧墙、聚合物防水浆料、防水卷材、蓄排水板和回填土；其施工按以下操作进行：The side wall includes structural self-waterproof concrete side wall, polymer waterproof slurry, waterproof membrane, storage and drainage board and backfill from the inside to the outside; its construction is carried out as follows:
1)先施工好结构自防水混凝土侧墙；1) First construct the structural self-waterproof concrete side wall;
2)待结构自防水混凝土侧墙干固后施工2.0mm厚聚合物防水浆料；2) Apply 2.0mm thick polymer waterproof slurry after the structure is dried from the waterproof concrete side wall;
3)在聚合物防水浆料上面铺设1.5mmTPO防水卷材或2.0mmPCM反应粘结型高分子复合防水卷材；3) Lay 1.5mm TPO waterproof membrane or 2.0mmPCM reaction bonded polymer composite waterproof membrane on the polymer waterproof slurry;
4)在防水卷材上铺设蓄排水板，凸面朝外；4) Lay the storage and drainage board on the waterproof membrane, with the convex side facing outward;
5)在蓄排水板上铺设无纺布；5) Lay non-woven fabrics on the storage and drainage board;
6)在无纺布上施工回填土。6) Construction of backfill on the non-woven fabric.
底板包括由外到里的结构自防水混凝土底板、防水卷材、细石混凝土垫层和回填土；其施工按以下操作进行：The bottom slab includes a structural self-waterproof concrete bottom slab, waterproof membrane, fine stone concrete cushion and backfill from the outside to the inside; its construction is carried out as follows:
1)先将地下室底部用回填土夯实；1) First ram the bottom of the basement with backfill;
2)采取抛丸或随浇随抹平方式施工好细石混凝土垫层；2) Construct the fine stone concrete cushion by shot blasting or pouring and troweling;
3)待细石混凝土垫层干固之后，采取预铺反粘的方式施工好防水卷材；3) After the fine stone concrete cushion is dry, the waterproof membrane shall be constructed by pre-laying anti-sticking method;
4)在卷材上面施工结构自防水混凝土底板。4) Construct a self-waterproof concrete floor on top of the membrane.
本发明应用到广西青龙化学建材有限公司生产厂区地下室防水中，总共施工面积为100平方米左右，经过为期一年的观察，防水效果良好，尤其在夏天雷暴雨季节观察防水效果，地下室长年无积水，顶板无漏水，侧墙和底板无渗水，达到预期设计防水效果。The present invention is applied to the waterproofing of the basement of the production plant of Guangxi Qinglong Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd. The total construction area is about 100 square meters. After a one-year observation, the waterproof effect is good, especially in the summer thunderstorm season. Water accumulation, no water leakage on the top plate, no water seepage on the side walls and bottom plate, achieving the expected design waterproof effect.
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Effective date of registration: 20191216 Address after: No.22, Dongming Road, Shiqi District, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Qinglong Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. Address before: Nanning City, 532704 West Road Mingxiu the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region No. 174 Patentee before: Guangxi Qinglong Chemical Building Material Co., Ltd. |