CN105180187A - 一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统及应用 - Google Patents
一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105180187A CN105180187A CN201510445873.8A CN201510445873A CN105180187A CN 105180187 A CN105180187 A CN 105180187A CN 201510445873 A CN201510445873 A CN 201510445873A CN 105180187 A CN105180187 A CN 105180187A
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- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明涉及一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，所述系统包括依次相连接设置的锅炉空预器、低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱，所述系统还包括一冷凝水箱，该冷凝水箱与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置。本发明脱硫系统在传统锅炉尾部烟气净化系统上，增加了低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、烟气冷凝除雾装置及水资源回收装置等，从而实现了湿法脱硫系统工艺水的循环利用，实现了整个脱硫系统工艺用的水零消耗以及废水的零排放；而且，该零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，操作便利，降低了设备的运行成本，不易发生故障，可以广泛地应用于湿法烟气的脱硫。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于环保技术领域，涉及锅炉后烟气净化机脱硫系统，尤其是一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统及应用。
背景技术
[0002] 在大气污染物治理烟气脱硫领域，湿法脱硫工艺具有脱硫效率高、煤种适应能力强等特点，是火力电厂普遍采用的一种技术。但是，该工艺中同时也存在着耗水量高、脱硫废水高能耗、高投资等难以处理的问题。脱硫系统入口烟气温度一般在110°C〜160°C，脱硫系统出口温度一般在50°C左右，其蒸发水消耗量大是最为突出的问题，例如一般600丽脱硫机组，其耗水量在85t〜120t，吸收塔烟气蒸发水占系统总水耗量所占比例约占90%以左右。湿法脱硫产生的废水，其pH为4〜6，同时含有大量的悬浮物(石膏颗粒、S12,Al和Fe的氢氧化物)、氟化物和微量的重金属。直接排放将对环境造成极大危害，增设废水处理系统投资高、能耗大且处理效果不佳。
[0003] 本发明专利申请整体考虑锅炉尾部烟气净化系统，在锅炉空预器与烟囱之间增加一系列装置，从而改进了整个湿法脱硫系统，设置了脱硫废水雾化装置，依靠锅炉尾部烟气热能回收了脱硫废水，设置了烟气冷凝除雾装置，高效地回收了烟气蒸发水与除雾器冲洗水，实现了脱硫工艺水的循环利用。对本专利申请的整个脱硫系统而言，实现了零水耗、零废水排放。
[0004] 通过检索，尚未发现与本发明专利申请相关的专利公开文献。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，该系统较好地解决了脱硫系统耗水量高、脱硫废水高能耗高投资难以处理的问题，该脱硫系统可以应用于湿法烟气的脱硫中。
[0006] 本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
[0007] —种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，所述系统包括依次相连接设置的锅炉空预器、低低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱，所述系统还包括一冷凝水箱，该冷凝水箱与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置。
[0008] 而且，所述系统还包括石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器和脱硫废水箱，所述石膏旋流器的输入端与脱硫吸收塔底部相连通设置，用于处理脱硫吸收塔中排出的石膏浆液，该石膏旋流器包括溢流输出端和底流输出端，所述溢流输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述底流输出端与石膏皮带脱水机相连接设置，所述石膏皮带脱水机包括固体输出端和滤液输出端，所述固体输出端与石膏存储仓相连接，所述滤液输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置；
[0009] 所述滤液收集箱的设置于滤液收集箱底部的输出端分别与脱硫吸收塔的底部和脱硫废水旋流器的输入端相连接设置，所述废水旋流器包括溢流出口和底流出口，所述底流出口与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述溢流出口与脱硫废水箱相连接设置，所述脱硫废水箱的输出端与脱硫废水雾化装置相连接设置。
[0010] 而且，所述低低温换热装置包括低低温换热装置本体和换热管，所述低低温换热装置本体的材质为碳钢，所述换热管的材质采用合金钢钢，该换热管采用蛇形管结构的塑料管且垂直布置；锅炉烟气经低低温换热装置时，其烟温大于烟气露点温度。
[0011] 而且，所述脱硫废水雾化装置包括数个水平方向间隔并列设置的高效雾化喷枪，所述高效雾化喷枪包括雾化喷枪本体、脱硫废水接口、压缩空气接口和雾化喷嘴，所述雾化喷枪本体的一端分别与雾化喷枪本体内相连通设置脱硫废水接口和压缩空气接口，所述压缩空气接口下方的雾化喷枪本体上与雾化喷枪本体内相连通、沿纵向均布间隔设置多个水平方向的雾化喷嘴，最底端雾化喷嘴与雾化喷枪本体的另一端相连通设置。
[0012] 而且，所述雾化喷枪本体为变径设计。
[0013] 而且，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置包括烟气冷凝除雾装置本体、烟气换热冷凝装置、高效烟道除雾装置、厂区循环冷却水接口、除雾装置冲洗水接口和冷凝水排放接口，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内由左至右依次间隔设置烟气换热冷凝装置和高效烟道除雾装置，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与烟气换热冷凝装置相连通设置的厂区循环冷却水接口，该烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与高效烟道除雾装置相连通设置的除雾装置冲洗水接口，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体的底部相连通设有一锥斗，该锥斗的底部出口端与冷凝水箱相连通设置。
[0014] 而且，所述高效烟道除雾装置设置两级烟道除雾器，在每极除雾器的两侧均设置冲洗水接口 ；或者，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内设置两层高效烟道除雾装置，该两层高效烟道除雾装置水平安装，采用陶瓷玻璃钢耐磨复合材料，极限流速< 8m/s ;或者，所述锥斗的底部出口端通过一联通管道与冷凝水箱相连通设置，该联通管道的出水端安装于冷凝水箱的运行液位下方。
[0015] 而且，所述脱硫吸收塔包括塔体、烟道出口、烟道入口、吸收剂循环喷淋管路、一级除雾器和储浆段，所述塔体的中部与塔体内相连通设置烟道入口，所述烟道入口下方的塔体内底部设置储浆段，所述烟道入口上方的塔体内由下至上依次设置吸收剂循环喷淋管路、一级除雾器和烟道出口，所述烟道出口设置于塔体的上方顶部。
[0016] 而且，所述低低温换热装置还与锅炉的凝结水-蒸汽循环系统相连接设置；或者，所述锅炉空预器、低低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱之间通过烟道进行连接，所述冷凝水箱通过管道与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置；所述石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器和脱硫废水箱通过管道相连接设置。
[0017] 如上所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统在湿法烟气脱硫方面的应用。
[0018] 本发明的优点和积极效果是:
[0019] 1、本发明脱硫系统在传统锅炉尾部烟气净化系统上，增加了低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、烟气冷凝除雾装置及水资源回收装置等，从而实现了湿法脱硫系统工艺水的循环利用，实现了整个脱硫系统工艺用的水零消耗以及废水的零排放；而且，该脱硫系统使用方法简便、操作便利，降低了设备的运行成本，不易发生故障，运行方便，充分实现了能源的循环利用，较好地解决了湿法脱硫系统中水资源浪费的问题，较好的解决了脱硫废水处理高高投资能耗问题，环保效果显著，可以广泛地应用于湿法烟气的脱硫。
[0020] 2、本发明脱硫系统的锅炉空预器后设置低低温换热装置，可以大幅度降低空预器后烟气温度，从而减少了脱硫塔蒸发水量；同时，可以高效回收锅炉尾部烟气中的余热，用于锅炉凝结水-蒸汽循环系统，节约了能源。
[0021] 3、本发明脱硫系统在低低温换热装置后设置脱硫废水雾化装置，脱硫废水在该装置中雾化并被烟气所蒸发，烟气温度微量下降；同时，脱硫废水中石膏颗粒、可溶性盐、重金属等物质随着废水的蒸发，进入锅炉烟气被烟尘所捕捉，最终由后端干式电除尘器所去除，达到脱硫废水零排放的效果。
[0022] 4、本发明脱硫系统的脱硫吸收塔设置一级除雾器，可以去除脱硫塔出口烟气中所携带石膏浆液，既减少了脱硫塔阻力，同时又保证了脱硫塔出口烟气的洁净。
[0023] 5、本发明脱硫系统的烟气冷凝除雾装置可以高效回收脱硫后烟气中的冷凝水、除雾器冲洗水，并经装置底部锥斗，利用管道与凝结水箱连接，冷凝水箱收集冷凝除雾装置来水，并返回脱硫系统使用，达到了零水耗的效果。
附图说明
[0024] 图1为本发明脱硫系统的结构连接示意图；
[0025] 图2为图1中脱硫废水雾化装置的结构连接示意图；
[0026] 图3为图2中的A部结构放大示意图；
[0027]图4为图1中烟气冷凝除雾装置的结构连接示意图；
[0028] 图5为图1中脱硫吸收塔的结构连接示意图。
具体实施方式
[0029] 下面以附图实施方式为例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
[0030] 一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，如图1所示，所述系统包括依次相连接设置的锅炉空预器1、低低温换热装置2、脱硫废水雾化装置4、干式电除尘装置5、锅炉引风机6、脱硫吸收塔7、烟气冷凝除雾装置9和烟囱10，所述系统还包括一冷凝水箱12，该冷凝水箱与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置。
[0031] 在本实施例中，所述系统还包括石膏旋流器15、石膏皮带脱水机14、石膏存储仓13、滤液收集箱16、脱硫废水旋流器17和脱硫废水箱18，所述石膏旋流器的输入端与脱硫吸收塔底部相连通设置，用于处理脱硫吸收塔中排出的石膏浆液，该石膏旋流器包括溢流输出端和底流输出端(图中未标号)，所述溢流输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述底流输出端与石膏皮带脱水机相连接设置，所述石膏皮带脱水机包括固体输出端和滤液输出端(图中未标号)，所述固体输出端与石膏存储仓相连接，所述滤液输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置；
[0032] 所述滤液收集箱的设置于滤液收集箱底部的输出端分别与脱硫吸收塔的底部和脱硫废水旋流器的输入端相连接设置，所述废水旋流器包括溢流出口和底流出口(图中未标号)，所述底流出口与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述溢流出口与脱硫废水箱相连接设置，所述脱硫废水箱的输出端与脱硫废水雾化装置相连接设置。
[0033] 在本实施例中，所述低低温换热装置包括低低温换热装置本体和换热管(图中未标号)，所述低低温换热装置本体的材质为碳钢，所述换热管的材质采用合金钢钢，该换热管采用蛇形管结构的塑料管且垂直布置；锅炉烟气经低低温换热装置时，其烟温大于烟气露点温度。
[0034] 在本实施例中，如图2所示，所述脱硫废水雾化装置包括数个水平方向间隔并列设置的高效雾化喷枪19，如图3所示，所述高效雾化喷枪包括雾化喷枪本体23、脱硫废水接口 20、压缩空气接口 21和雾化喷嘴22，所述雾化喷枪本体的一端分别与雾化喷枪本体内相连通设置脱硫废水接口和压缩空气接口，所述压缩空气接口下方的雾化喷枪本体上与雾化喷枪本体内相连通、沿纵向均布间隔设置多个水平方向的雾化喷嘴，最底端雾化喷嘴与雾化喷枪本体的另一端相连通设置，雾化喷枪本体可以为变径设计。该压缩空气接口和多个雾化喷嘴的设置，使得脱硫废水在该装置中能够被更好地雾化，从而进行下一步反应。
[0035] 在本实施例中，如图4所示，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置包括烟气冷凝除雾装置本体25、烟气换热冷凝装置29、高效烟道除雾装置26、厂区循环冷却水接口 30、除雾装置冲洗水接口 24和冷凝水排放接口 28，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内由左至右依次间隔设置烟气换热冷凝装置和高效烟道除雾装置，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与烟气换热冷凝装置相连通设置的厂区循环冷却水接口，烟气换热冷凝装置通过厂区循环冷却水接口可与厂区循环冷却水8相连接并进行换热，该烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与高效烟道除雾装置相连通设置的除雾装置冲洗水接口，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体的底部相连通设有一锥斗27，该锥斗的底部出口端与冷凝水箱相连通设置。在本实施例中，所述高效烟道除雾装置设置两级烟道除雾器，在每极除雾器的两侧均设置冲洗水接口 ；或者，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内设置两层高效烟道除雾装置，该两层高效烟道除雾装置水平安装，采用陶瓷玻璃钢耐磨复合材料，极限流速< 8m/s ;所述锥斗的底部出口端通过一联通管道与冷凝水箱相连通设置，该联通管道的出水端安装于冷凝水箱的运行液位下方。
[0036] 在本实施例中，如图5所示，所述脱硫吸收塔包括塔体32、烟道出口 31、烟道入口35、吸收剂循环喷淋管路34、一级除雾器33和储浆段36，所述塔体的中部与塔体内相连通设置烟道入口，所述烟道入口下方的塔体内底部设置储浆段，所述烟道入口上方的塔体内由下至上依次设置吸收剂循环喷淋管路、一级除雾器和烟道出口，所述烟道出口设置于塔体的上方顶部；所述石膏旋流器的输入端与脱硫吸收塔底部的储浆段相连通设置，所述滤液收集箱底部的输出端与脱硫吸收塔的底部的储浆段相连通设置。
[0037] 在本实施例中，所述低低温换热装置还与锅炉的凝结水-蒸汽循环系统3相连接设置，该低低温换热装置在对烟气进行降温的同时回收大量热能供给用于凝结水-蒸汽循环系统；所述锅炉空预器、低低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱之间通过烟道进行连接，所述冷凝水箱通过管道与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置；所述石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器和脱硫废水箱通过管道相连接设置。
[0038] 本发明零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统的工作原理如下:
[0039] 如图1所示，来自锅炉尾部的烟气，经过锅炉空预器后烟温大约在110°C〜160°C;烟气经低低温换热装置后，烟温降至酸露点以上大约在90°C〜110°C，该低低温换热装置同时回收大量热能供给用于锅炉凝结水-蒸汽循环系统；在低低温换热装置后设置脱硫废水雾化装置，脱硫废水在该脱硫废水雾化装置中雾化并被烟气所蒸发，烟气温度略微下降，同时，脱硫废水中石膏颗粒、可溶性盐、重金属等物质随着废水的蒸发，进入锅炉烟气被烟尘所捕捉；而后，烟气进入干式电除尘器，烟气中的尘被该装置去除；在干式电除尘器之后，烟气经锅炉引风机被送入脱硫吸收塔；在脱硫吸收塔中烟气中302被去除，同时蒸发大量工艺水，烟气中水蒸气达到饱和，烟温降至50°C左右，经一级除雾器去除石膏浆液，从脱硫吸收塔的烟道出口引出；在脱硫吸收塔之后，设置烟气冷凝除雾装置，烟气进入该装置后利用烟气冷凝装置与厂区循环冷却水进行换热，烟气温度下降约3°C〜8°C，同时烟气中水蒸气凝结并被收集至下方锥斗；在冷凝装置之后，设置高效烟道除雾装置(可以为两级)，去除烟气中所携带凝结水雾滴并收集，在每极除雾器两侧设置除雾器冲洗水，冲洗水同样被收集至下方锥斗；锥斗中烟气凝结水与除雾器冲洗水，由管道输送至凝结水箱，再由凝结水箱回用脱硫系统11，从而实现零水耗、零废水排放的目标。
[0040] 本零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统与装置，还包括常规脱硫系统中的石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器、脱硫废水箱等设备；脱硫塔中排出石膏浆液，经石膏旋流器后，底流至石膏皮带脱水机，经脱水后生产出石膏，由石膏存储仓存储；石膏旋流器溢流和石膏皮带脱水机的滤液至滤液收集箱，大部分滤液直接返回脱硫吸收塔，补充脱硫塔水量；小部分滤液作为废水，经废水旋流器，其底流相对高浓度浆液回到滤液收集箱，溢流至脱硫废水水箱，再经管路输送至系统前端脱硫废水雾化装置，返回烟气系统。
Claims (10)
1.一种零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述系统包括依次相连接设置的锅炉空预器、低低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱，所述系统还包括一冷凝水箱，该冷凝水箱与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述系统还包括石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器和脱硫废水箱，所述石膏旋流器的输入端与脱硫吸收塔底部相连通设置，用于处理脱硫吸收塔中排出的石膏浆液，该石膏旋流器包括溢流输出端和底流输出端，所述溢流输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述底流输出端与石膏皮带脱水机相连接设置，所述石膏皮带脱水机包括固体输出端和滤液输出端，所述固体输出端与石膏存储仓相连接，所述滤液输出端与滤液收集箱相连接设置； 所述滤液收集箱的设置于滤液收集箱底部的输出端分别与脱硫吸收塔的底部和脱硫废水旋流器的输入端相连接设置，所述废水旋流器包括溢流出口和底流出口，所述底流出口与滤液收集箱相连接设置，所述溢流出口与脱硫废水箱相连接设置，所述脱硫废水箱的输出端与脱硫废水雾化装置相连接设置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述低低温换热装置包括低低温换热装置本体和换热管，所述低低温换热装置本体的材质为碳钢，所述换热管的材质采用合金钢钢，该换热管采用蛇形管结构的塑料管且垂直布置；锅炉烟气经低低温换热装置时，其烟温大于烟气露点温度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述脱硫废水雾化装置包括数个水平方向间隔并列设置的高效雾化喷枪，所述高效雾化喷枪包括雾化喷枪本体、脱硫废水接口、压缩空气接口和雾化喷嘴，所述雾化喷枪本体的一端分别与雾化喷枪本体内相连通设置脱硫废水接口和压缩空气接口，所述压缩空气接口下方的雾化喷枪本体上与雾化喷枪本体内相连通、沿纵向均布间隔设置多个水平方向的雾化喷嘴，最底端雾化喷嘴与雾化喷枪本体的另一端相连通设置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述雾化喷枪本体为变径设计。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述烟气冷凝除雾装置包括烟气冷凝除雾装置本体、烟气换热冷凝装置、高效烟道除雾装置、厂区循环冷却水接口、除雾装置冲洗水接口和冷凝水排放接口，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内由左至右依次间隔设置烟气换热冷凝装置和高效烟道除雾装置，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与烟气换热冷凝装置相连通设置的厂区循环冷却水接口，该烟气冷凝除雾装置本体上设置有与高效烟道除雾装置相连通设置的除雾装置冲洗水接口，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体的底部相连通设有一锥斗，该锥斗的底部出口端与冷凝水箱相连通设置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述高效烟道除雾装置设置两级烟道除雾器，在每极除雾器的两侧均设置冲洗水接口 ；或者，所述烟气冷凝除雾装置本体内设置两层高效烟道除雾装置，该两层高效烟道除雾装置水平安装，采用陶瓷玻璃钢耐磨复合材料，极限流速< 8m/s ;或者，所述锥斗的底部出口端通过一联通管道与冷凝水箱相连通设置，该联通管道的出水端安装于冷凝水箱的运行液位下方。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述脱硫吸收塔包括塔体、烟道出口、烟道入口、吸收剂循环喷淋管路、一级除雾器和储浆段，所述塔体的中部与塔体内相连通设置烟道入口，所述烟道入口下方的塔体内底部设置储浆段，所述烟道入口上方的塔体内由下至上依次设置吸收剂循环喷淋管路、一级除雾器和烟道出口，所述烟道出口设置于塔体的上方顶部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统，其特征在于:所述低低温换热装置还与锅炉的凝结水-蒸汽循环系统相连接设置；或者，所述锅炉空预器、低低温换热装置、脱硫废水雾化装置、干式电除尘装置、锅炉引风机、脱硫吸收塔、烟气冷凝除雾装置和烟囱之间通过烟道进行连接，所述冷凝水箱通过管道与烟气冷凝除雾装置相连接设置；所述石膏旋流器、石膏皮带脱水机、石膏存储仓、滤液收集箱、脱硫废水旋流器和脱硫废水箱通过管道相连接设置。
10.如权利要求1至9任一项所述的零水耗、零废水排放的脱硫系统在湿法烟气脱硫方面的应用。
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