CN105177389B - A kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105177389B CN105177389B CN201510518429.4A CN201510518429A CN105177389B CN 105177389 B CN105177389 B CN 105177389B CN 201510518429 A CN201510518429 A CN 201510518429A CN 105177389 B CN105177389 B CN 105177389B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth and preparation method thereof, the mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth is made up of polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard alloy substrate layer;The lower end of hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere;Polycrystalline diamond layer is Nian Jie with the hemisphere external surface of hard alloy substrate layer by intermediate layer, and polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.05 2.3mm with the thickness sum in intermediate layer;Intermediate layer is made up of titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride, and hard alloy substrate layer is made up of titanium carbonitride, cubic boron nitride and cobalt powder;The mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth that cobalt content is distributed in the increased gradient of ecto-entad is obtained through the preparation of hard alloy substrate layer, the preparation in intermediate layer and polycrystalline diamond layer, high-pressure sinter.Present invention process is simple, and obtained hard alloy composite ball tooth has wearability and toughness very high, and service life can be substantially improved, and improves operating efficiency, reduces running cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colliery hard alloy composite ball tooth preparation field, specifically a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Hard alloy spherical-teeth and brill tooth are that one kind is widely used in down-hole hammer drilling, rock bit, bore bit and large diameter disc cutter
The detritus material of drill bit etc., mainly to impact and roll mode fractured rock, due to being acted on impact or microshock load,
When in drilling it is hard to firm hard formation when, 5~10 times of efficiency can be improved than pure rotary drilling mode, mining, oil well drilling,
It is widely used as tool materials in geological prospecting and other Drilling rock engineerings, is accounted for whole hard alloy consumptions
1/3rd.With the development of rock drilling technology, people are to the quality requirement of rock drilling hard alloy also more and more higher, and rock drilling is with hard
The quality of matter alloy mass, directly determines its performance.
It is made of WC-Co hard alloy more than common hard alloy spherical-teeth, its performance depends on containing for tungsten carbide and cobalt
Amount and granularity, increase the content of cobalt and the grain size of tungsten carbide, just can improve the bending strength and impact flexibility of hard alloy,
But wearability declines simultaneously;Conversely, wearability just can be improved.It can be seen that, the wearability and toughness of hard alloy spherical-teeth are
Contradiction, it is desirable to while optimizing in the presence of very big difficulty.
In deep-well construction, during about 70% time spends in drilling and makes a trip, in hard layer area, bore
Head expense accounts for more than the 50% of whole deep shaft sinking expense, it is seen then that wearability deficiency is the master that current bit life is short, efficiency is low
Want reason.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth with high-wearing feature and toughness and its
Preparation method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, is made up of polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard alloy substrate layer;Institute
The lower end for stating hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere, the circle of the upper surface of the hemispheroidal centre of sphere and cylinder
Heart position is identical;The polycrystalline diamond layer is Nian Jie with the hemisphere external surface of hard alloy substrate layer by intermediate layer, described
Polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.05-2.3mm with the thickness sum in intermediate layer;The polycrystalline diamond layer uses glomerocryst Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone, the intermediate layer is made up of according to the raw material of mass percent titanium carbonitride 50-60% and cubic boron nitride 40-50%, described
Hard alloy substrate layer is according to the raw material of mass percent by titanium carbonitride 50-60%, cubic boron nitride 34-44% and cobalt powder 6-7%
Composition.
As further scheme of the invention:In the hard alloy substrate layer, hemispheroidal diameter is more straight than cylinder
The small 4.1-4.6mm in footpath.
As further scheme of the invention:The polycrystalline diamond layer is 1 with the thickness ratio in intermediate layer:1-1.5.
The preparation method of described mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, comprises the following steps:
(1)The preparation of hard alloy substrate layer:According to mass ratio, titanium carbonitride 50-60 parts, cubic boron nitride 34- are weighed
44 parts and cobalt powder 6-7 part simultaneously add ball mill, and with absolute alcohol as medium, sintered carbide ball is abrasive body, grinding 12 hours
Afterwards, isolate mixed material and be placed on and 6-8h is dried in the baking oven that temperature is 60-80 DEG C, 120-200 mesh is crossed in hand lapping
Sieve, the polyvinyl alcohol concentration for being subsequently adding mixed material gross mass 1.8-2% is that 5% polyvinyl alcohol water solution is well mixed and dries
The water content to mixed material is done for 0.08-0.12%, then mixed material is filled into it is compressing in button mould, in nitrogen
Or 120-150min is sintered in 1280-1300 DEG C under argon gas protection, and its temperature is finally down to 300-350 DEG C of samming 3h, it is cold
But the hard alloy substrate layer of cobalt content distribution gradient is obtained to room temperature;
(2)Intermediate layer and the preparation of polycrystalline diamond layer:According to mass ratio, titanium carbonitride 50-60 parts and cube nitrogen are weighed
Change 40-50 part of boron to be simultaneously well mixed, then by its pre- centre for being pressed into the hollow hemisphere shape layer being engaged with hard alloy substrate
Layer, is placed in the upper end outer surface of spheroid of hard alloy substrate layer;Then in the outer surface precompressed polycrystalline diamond layer in intermediate layer, obtain
To hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite, now intermediate layer and the thickness sum of polycrystalline diamond layer are 2.5-2.8mm;
(3)High-pressure sinter:After carrying out degreasing and go surface oxidation film process to hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite,
20-30min is kept under the pressure of 4.8-5.0GPa, at a temperature of 1300-1320 DEG C, is finally annealed at 1000-1050 DEG C
Treatment 5-8min, is air cooled to normal temperature, that is, obtain mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth.
As further scheme of the invention:The step(3)In, degreasing treatment is gone using surfactant wash
Degrease, it is to remove oxide film dissolving using cleaning after salt acid soak and heating to go surface oxidation film process, per treatment afterwards with steaming
Distilled water is cleaned to neutrality.
As further scheme of the invention:The cobalt content of the hard alloy substrate layer is in the increased gradient of ecto-entad
Distribution.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
First with the titanium carbonitride of high rigidity, cubic boron nitride and cobalt powder as raw material, sintering is obtained hard alloy to the present invention
Base layer, cobalt content therein in the distribution of ecto-entad increased gradient, increased hard alloy substrate layer surface intensity and
Wearability;Intermediate layer is directly using the titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride of high rigidity, it is possible to increase the intensity of material, glomerocryst Buddha's warrior attendant
The wearability of rock layers is very high, and the polycrystalline diamond of high-wearing feature is compound into hard alloy substrate layer surface, can realize wear-resisting
The counterbalance effect of property and toughness.The present invention has wearability and toughness very high, can significantly lift service life, improves work
Make efficiency, reduce running cost.
Present invention process is simple, and stable performance, production efficiency is high, environmentally safe, adapts to industrial requirements.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth is closed by polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard
Golden base layer composition;The lower end of hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere, the hemispheroidal centre of sphere and cylinder
The home position of upper surface is identical, hemispheroidal diameter 4.1mm smaller than the diameter of cylinder;Polycrystalline diamond layer passes through intermediate layer
Hemisphere external surface with hard alloy substrate layer is Nian Jie, and polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.05mm with the thickness sum in intermediate layer, is gathered
Diamond layer is 1 with the thickness ratio in intermediate layer:1;Polycrystalline diamond layer uses polycrystalline diamond, and intermediate layer is according to quality
The raw material of percentage is made up of titanium carbonitride 50% and cubic boron nitride 50%, hard alloy substrate layer according to mass percent original
Material is made up of titanium carbonitride 60%, cubic boron nitride 34% and cobalt powder 6%.
The preparation method of described mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, comprises the following steps:
(1)The preparation of hard alloy substrate layer:According to mass ratio, weigh 60 parts of titanium carbonitride, 34 parts of cubic boron nitride and
6 parts of cobalt powder simultaneously adds ball mill, and with absolute alcohol as medium, sintered carbide ball is abrasive body, after grinding 12 hours, isolates
Mixed material is simultaneously placed on 7h is dried in the baking oven that temperature is 70 DEG C, and 120-200 mesh sieves are crossed in hand lapping, are subsequently adding mixed
The polyvinyl alcohol concentration of compound material gross mass 1.8% is that 5% polyvinyl alcohol water solution is well mixed and dries to mixed material
Water content is 0.08-0.12%, then mixed material is filled into it is compressing in button mould, under nitrogen or argon gas protection
120min is sintered in 1300 DEG C, its temperature is finally down to 350 DEG C of samming 3h, be cooled to room temperature and obtain cobalt content in ecto-entad
The hard alloy substrate layer of increased gradient distribution;
(2)Intermediate layer and the preparation of polycrystalline diamond layer:According to mass ratio, 50 parts of titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride are weighed
50 parts and it is well mixed, then by its pre- intermediate layer for being pressed into the hollow hemisphere shape being engaged with hard alloy substrate layer, is placed in
The upper end outer surface of spheroid of hard alloy substrate layer;Then in the outer surface precompressed polycrystalline diamond layer in intermediate layer, obtain treating multiple
The hard alloy spherical-teeth of conjunction, now intermediate layer and the thickness sum of polycrystalline diamond layer are 2.5mm;
(3)High-pressure sinter:Degreasing is carried out to hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite and surface oxidation film process, degreasing is gone
Treatment is to go to degrease using surfactant wash, and going surface oxidation film process is cleaned and go using salt acid soak and after heating
Oxide film dissolving, it is per treatment to be cleaned with distilled water to neutrality afterwards;Then under the pressure of 4.9GPa, at a temperature of 1310 DEG C protect
25min is held, finally annealing 5min is carried out at 1050 DEG C, normal temperature is air cooled to, that is, obtains mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth.
Embodiment 2
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth is closed by polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard
Golden base layer composition;The lower end of hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere, the hemispheroidal centre of sphere and cylinder
The home position of upper surface is identical, hemispheroidal diameter 4.4mm smaller than the diameter of cylinder;Polycrystalline diamond layer passes through intermediate layer
Hemisphere external surface with hard alloy substrate layer is Nian Jie, and polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.2mm, glomerocryst with the thickness sum in intermediate layer
Diamond layer is 1 with the thickness ratio in intermediate layer:1.3;Polycrystalline diamond layer uses polycrystalline diamond, and intermediate layer is according to quality
The raw material of percentage is made up of titanium carbonitride 60% and cubic boron nitride 40%, hard alloy substrate layer according to mass percent original
Material is made up of titanium carbonitride 50%, cubic boron nitride 43% and cobalt powder 7%.
The preparation method of described mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, comprises the following steps:
(1)The preparation of hard alloy substrate layer:According to mass ratio, weigh 50 parts of titanium carbonitride, 43 parts of cubic boron nitride and
7 parts of cobalt powder simultaneously adds ball mill, and with absolute alcohol as medium, sintered carbide ball is abrasive body, after grinding 12 hours, isolates
Mixed material is simultaneously placed on 6h is dried in the baking oven that temperature is 80 DEG C, and 120-200 mesh sieves are crossed in hand lapping, are subsequently adding mixed
The polyvinyl alcohol concentration of compound material gross mass 1.9% is that 5% polyvinyl alcohol water solution is well mixed and dries to mixed material
Water content is 0.08-0.12%, then mixed material is filled into it is compressing in button mould, under nitrogen or argon gas protection
150min is sintered in 1280 DEG C, its temperature is finally down to 350 DEG C of samming 3h, be cooled to room temperature and obtain cobalt content in ecto-entad
The hard alloy substrate layer of increased gradient distribution;
(2)Intermediate layer and the preparation of polycrystalline diamond layer:According to mass ratio, 60 parts of titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride are weighed
40 parts and it is well mixed, then by its pre- intermediate layer for being pressed into the hollow hemisphere shape being engaged with hard alloy substrate layer, is placed in
The upper end outer surface of spheroid of hard alloy substrate layer;Then in the outer surface precompressed polycrystalline diamond layer in intermediate layer, obtain treating multiple
The hard alloy spherical-teeth of conjunction, now intermediate layer and the thickness sum of polycrystalline diamond layer are 2.65mm;
(3)High-pressure sinter:Degreasing is carried out to hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite and surface oxidation film process, degreasing is gone
Treatment is to go to degrease using surfactant wash, and going surface oxidation film process is cleaned and go using salt acid soak and after heating
Oxide film dissolving, it is per treatment to be cleaned with distilled water to neutrality afterwards;Then under the pressure of 5.0GPa, at a temperature of 1300 DEG C protect
30min is held, finally annealing 7min is carried out at 1030 DEG C, normal temperature is air cooled to, that is, obtains mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth.
Embodiment 3
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth is closed by polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard
Golden base layer composition;The lower end of hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere, the hemispheroidal centre of sphere and cylinder
The home position of upper surface is identical, hemispheroidal diameter 4.6mm smaller than the diameter of cylinder;Polycrystalline diamond layer passes through intermediate layer
Hemisphere external surface with hard alloy substrate layer is Nian Jie, and polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.3mm, glomerocryst with the thickness sum in intermediate layer
Diamond layer is 1 with the thickness ratio in intermediate layer:1.5;Polycrystalline diamond layer uses polycrystalline diamond, and intermediate layer is according to quality
The raw material of percentage is made up of titanium carbonitride 55% and cubic boron nitride 45%, hard alloy substrate layer according to mass percent original
Material is made up of titanium carbonitride 50%, cubic boron nitride 44% and cobalt powder 6%.
The preparation method of described mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, comprises the following steps:
(1)The preparation of hard alloy substrate layer:According to mass ratio, weigh 50 parts of titanium carbonitride, 44 parts of cubic boron nitride and
6 parts of cobalt powder simultaneously adds ball mill, and with absolute alcohol as medium, sintered carbide ball is abrasive body, after grinding 12 hours, isolates
Mixed material is simultaneously placed on 8h is dried in the baking oven that temperature is 60 DEG C, and 120-200 mesh sieves are crossed in hand lapping, are subsequently adding mixed
The polyvinyl alcohol concentration of compound material gross mass 2% is that 5% polyvinyl alcohol water solution is well mixed and dries containing to mixed material
Water is 0.08-0.12%, then mixed material is filled into it is compressing in button mould, under nitrogen or argon gas protection in
1280 DEG C of sintering 120min, are finally down to 300 DEG C of samming 3h by its temperature, are cooled to room temperature and obtain cobalt content in ecto-entad increasing
Plus gradient distribution hard alloy substrate layer;
(2)Intermediate layer and the preparation of polycrystalline diamond layer:According to mass ratio, 55 parts of titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride are weighed
45 parts and it is well mixed, then by its pre- intermediate layer for being pressed into the hollow hemisphere shape being engaged with hard alloy substrate layer, is placed in
The upper end outer surface of spheroid of hard alloy substrate layer;Then in the outer surface precompressed polycrystalline diamond layer in intermediate layer, obtain treating multiple
The hard alloy spherical-teeth of conjunction, now intermediate layer and the thickness sum of polycrystalline diamond layer are 2.8mm;
(3)High-pressure sinter:Degreasing is carried out to hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite and surface oxidation film process, degreasing is gone
Treatment is to go to degrease using surfactant wash, and going surface oxidation film process is cleaned and go using salt acid soak and after heating
Oxide film dissolving, it is per treatment to be cleaned with distilled water to neutrality afterwards;Then under the pressure of 4.8GPa, at a temperature of 1320 DEG C protect
20min is held, finally annealing 8min is carried out at 1000 DEG C, normal temperature is air cooled to, that is, obtains mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth.
First with the titanium carbonitride of high rigidity, cubic boron nitride and cobalt powder as raw material, sintering is obtained hard alloy to the present invention
Base layer, cobalt content therein in the distribution of ecto-entad increased gradient, increased hard alloy substrate layer surface intensity and
Wearability;Intermediate layer is directly using the titanium carbonitride and cubic boron nitride of high rigidity, it is possible to increase the intensity of material, glomerocryst Buddha's warrior attendant
The wearability of rock layers is very high, and the polycrystalline diamond of high-wearing feature is compound into hard alloy substrate layer surface, can realize wear-resisting
The counterbalance effect of property and toughness.The present invention has wearability and toughness very high, can significantly lift service life, improves work
Make efficiency, reduce running cost.
Present invention process is simple, and stable performance, production efficiency is high, environmentally safe, adapts to industrial requirements.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be in other specific forms realized.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires to be limited rather than described above, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each implementation method is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art should
Specification an as entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment can also be formed into those skilled in the art through appropriately combined
May be appreciated other embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth, it is characterised in that by polycrystalline diamond layer, intermediate layer, hard alloy substrate
Layer composition;The lower end of the hard alloy substrate layer is cylinder, and upper end is hemisphere, and the hemispheroidal centre of sphere is upper with cylinder
The home position on surface is identical;The polycrystalline diamond layer is glued by intermediate layer with the hemisphere external surface of hard alloy substrate layer
Connect, the polycrystalline diamond layer is 2.05-2.3mm with the thickness sum in intermediate layer;The polycrystalline diamond layer uses poly-
Diamond, the intermediate layer is according to the raw material of mass percent by titanium carbonitride 50-60% and cubic boron nitride 40-50% groups
Into the hard alloy substrate layer is according to the raw material of mass percent by titanium carbonitride 50-60%, cubic boron nitride 34-44%
Constituted with cobalt powder 6-7%;
Its preparation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of hard alloy substrate layer:According to mass ratio, titanium carbonitride 50-60 parts, cubic boron nitride 34-44 parts is weighed
With cobalt powder 6-7 parts and add ball mill, with absolute alcohol as medium, sintered carbide ball is abrasive body, after grinding 12 hours, point
Separate out mixed material and be placed on and 6-8h is dried in the baking oven that temperature is 60-80 DEG C, hand lapping crosses 120-200 mesh sieves, so
The polyvinyl alcohol concentration for adding mixed material gross mass 1.8-2% afterwards is that 5% polyvinyl alcohol water solution is well mixed and dries
Water content to mixed material is 0.08-0.12%, then mixed material is filled into it is compressing in button mould, in nitrogen or
120-150min is sintered in 1280-1300 DEG C under the protection of person's argon gas, its temperature is finally down to 300-350 DEG C of samming 3h, cooled down
The hard alloy substrate layer of cobalt content distribution gradient is obtained to room temperature;
(2) preparation of intermediate layer and polycrystalline diamond layer:According to mass ratio, titanium carbonitride 50-60 parts and cubic boron nitride are weighed
40-50 parts and it is well mixed, then by its pre- intermediate layer for being pressed into the hollow hemisphere shape being engaged with hard alloy substrate layer, puts
In the upper end outer surface of spheroid of hard alloy substrate layer;Then in the outer surface precompressed polycrystalline diamond layer in intermediate layer, treated
Compound hard alloy spherical-teeth, now intermediate layer and the thickness sum of polycrystalline diamond layer are 2.5-2.8mm;
(3) high-pressure sinter:After carrying out degreasing and go surface oxidation film process to hard alloy spherical-teeth to be composite, in 4.8-
20-30min is kept under the pressure of 5.0GPa, at a temperature of 1300-1320 DEG C, is finally made annealing treatment at 1000-1050 DEG C
5-8min, is air cooled to normal temperature, that is, obtain mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth.
2. mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hard alloy substrate layer
In, hemispheroidal diameter 4.1-4.6mm smaller than the diameter of cylinder.
3. mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the polycrystalline diamond layer is with
The thickness ratio of interbed is 1:1-1.5.
4. mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3), degreasing
Treatment is to go to degrease using surfactant wash, and going surface oxidation film process is cleaned and go using salt acid soak and after heating
Oxide film dissolving, it is per treatment to be cleaned with distilled water to neutrality afterwards.
5. mine hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hard alloy substrate layer
Cobalt content is in the increased gradient distribution of ecto-entad.
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CN108893718B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-04-06 | 河南富莱格超硬材料有限公司 | Base material of polycrystalline diamond compact, preparation method of base material and polycrystalline diamond compact |
CN110614362B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-06-10 | 扬州苏沃工具有限公司 | Manufacturing method of powder metallurgy composite screw tap |
CN110625121B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-06-10 | 扬州苏沃工具有限公司 | Manufacturing method of stepped drill bit for powder metallurgy |
CN115110077A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-27 | 潜江市江汉钻具有限公司 | Preparation method of high-performance PDC drilling tool ball teeth |
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EP0736780B1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 2002-07-24 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | X-ray beam position monitor and its position measurement method |
CN201347761Y (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-11-18 | 湖南飞瑞复合材料有限责任公司 | High-performance diamond combined cutting pick |
CN202645441U (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-01-02 | 晶日金刚石工业有限公司 | Artificial diamond ball gear |
CN202850870U (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-04-03 | 晶日金刚石工业有限公司 | Flatbed cemented carbide substrate for synthetic diamond spherical tooth clad sheet |
CN104439248B (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-08-24 | 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of gradient-structure diamond hard alloy hard alloy composite ball tooth |
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