CN105175564A - Industrial extraction and separation method of ganoderma spore polysaccharide and separation device - Google Patents
Industrial extraction and separation method of ganoderma spore polysaccharide and separation device Download PDFInfo
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- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
An industrial extraction and separation method of ganoderma spore polysaccharide comprises the following steps: (1) placing spore powder into an extraction device, adding water with a weight 8 to 12 times of that of spore powder, heating until a slight boiling state is reached, and maintaining the temperature to carry out extraction for 2 hours; (2) delivering the obtained extract in a suspension state to a separation device to carry out solid-liquid separation, returning the solid phase to the extraction tank, extracting the solid phase for a second time, adding water with a weight 8 to 12 times of that of solid phase, heating until a slight boiling state is reached, maintaining the temperature to carry out extraction for 2 hours, separating solid and liquid, merging the two liquid phases, and condensing the merge liquid phase to obtain ganoderma spore polysaccharide extract. The separation device used in the step (2) is a circulation system, which is prepared by serially connecting a horizontal screw type centrifuge and a butterfly type centrifuge. The separation device can effectively remove spore residues from ganoderma spore water, and separates solids and liquid to obtain high-purity ganoderma spore polysaccharide in a high yield. The provided extraction and separation method has the advantages of short time and high polysaccharide yield, reduces the labor intensity, and can be applied to the industrial massive production of ganoderma spore polysaccharide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushrooms deep process technology field, be specifically related to a kind of industrialization extraction and separation method of ganoderma spore polysaccharide.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma (Ganodermalucidum) is polyporaceae Ganoderma fungi, containing abundant nutritive substance, in the edible history that folks of china has source far away, be a kind of there is invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, the valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine of effect of strengthening the body resistance to consolidate the constitution.Ganoderma spore is the glossy ganoderma growth and maturity phase, to be hit by a bullet the extremely small avette sexual cell shot out from glossy ganoderma lamella, ovalize, average 8 μm of minor axis, average 11 μm of major diameter.Modern scientific research shows, Ganoderma spore has stronger physiologically active than Ganoderma sporophore, what wherein play a major role is ganoderma spore polysaccharide, and it has multiple biological activity, as Tumor suppression, improves immunity of organisms, raising body's hypoxia tolerance, elimination free radical etc.
But when furtheing investigate the biological activity of Ganoderma spore, when finding with water extraction ganoderma spore polysaccharide, it is the thorny difficult problem of part that spore granulated slag in aqueous extract filters removing.Because the particle diameter of Ganoderma spore is small, on average only have about 10 μm, the highdensity filter screen of 600 object it also can be through, although the higher thinner filter screen of density is through few, but filtration velocity slowly, be only applicable to a small amount of laboratory and use, be difficult to realize industrialization.
The conventional treatment method of current industrialization is, extracting solution adopts stratification, siphon supernatant liquor, 400-500 order filter cloth " excessively sieve method " only can remove the Ganoderma spore granulated slag of 60-70%.Because the density of extracting solution miospore granulated slag is close with supernatant liquor, sedimentation is very slow, usually hold over night is needed, but still supernatant liquor and spore granulated slag effectively can't be separated, supernatant liquor accounts for cumulative volume ratio only 60%, and the very long settling time, Ganoderma spore water suction fermentation generation also can be caused to become sour, lose utility value.Because ordinary method is consuming time oversize, operating process is loaded down with trivial details, and usually only extract once, extraction yield is approximately 62%, and the utilization ratio of extraction yield low-resource is also low.Length consuming time, complex operation, is difficult to realize industrialization and produces, become the bottleneck that ganoderma spore polysaccharide industrialization development utilizes.
In existing public technology, patent CN101703531B " a kind of vacuum freezedrying of Ganoderma spore powder and the method for purification ", adopt 80-500 object silk, cotton, gauze or stainless steel sift to filter, filtrate carries out press filtration with the air pressure filter of 1-30 μm of aperture filter membrane again.The method needs constantly to change cleaning filter cloth, not can be automated operation, and labour intensity is large, and filter membrane consumptive material is many, a Suitable assays room lab scale.Patent CN102766593A " a kind of method of purification of Ganoderma spore ", by after spiral separator by Ganoderma spore powder mixed solution, with being greater than 300 object strainer filterings, filtrate reinstalls powder filtering bag, gone out by hydraulic pressure in powder filtering bag by air compressor machine, because powder filtering bag is easily blocked, not only process is complicated also to need constantly to clean or change the method, can not automated operation, be difficult to realize industrialization and produce.
If adopt traditional plate-and-frame filter press to be separated, because the spore granulated slag viscosity in aqueous extract is high, quality is soft, along with the carrying out of filtering, be gathered in gradually on filter cloth, cause filter cloth to block, filtration velocity slows down, growth consuming time (about 10-12hr) and change filter cloth loaded down with trivial details, therefore this method is also infeasible.Someone adopts tubular-bowl centrifuge to be separated; because in Ganoderma spore powder water extraction suspension, solid content is higher; tubular-bowl centrifuge rotary drum volume is little; after material enters rotary drum; be deposited on rotary drum in a large number in short period of time; need frequent shutdown to dismantle rotary drum to remove the gred, add the complicacy of operation, affect production efficiency.In addition, precipitate more sticky, more difficult during cleaning.Therefore, tubular-bowl centrifuge processing power and level of automation are all poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to at present because Ganoderma spore is extremely small, filtering separation is difficult to solid-liquid during water extraction ganoderma spore polysaccharide, cause the shortcoming that industrial production efficiency is low, provide a kind of can suitability for industrialized production, ganoderma spore polysaccharide that extraction efficiency is high industrialization extraction and separation method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of industrialization extraction and separation method of ganoderma spore polysaccharide, its technical essential is that it comprises: spore powder is placed in extraction element by (1), the water adding 8 ~ 12 times of weight carries out being heated to micro-boiling, and keeps constant temperature to extract 2 hours; (2) extracting solution of above-mentioned suspendible is transported in tripping device carries out solid-liquid separation, solid phase is transmitted back in extractor, continue to extract second time, the water adding 8 ~ 12 times of weight carries out being heated to micro-boiling, constant temperature is kept to extract 2 hours, solid-liquid separation, merges the liquid phase of twice, obtains the polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma spore after concentrated.
Described spore powder refers to degreasing spore powder.
The present invention uses degreasing spore powder to carry out Polyose extraction, avoids the disadvantageous effect that the solid-liquid separation of the grease in spore powder to spore powder causes.
Tripping device described in step (2) refers to the recycle system that Horizontal helical type centrifuge is connected with butterfly centrifugal machine, automatic feed self-emptying, and liquid phase and solid phase realize industrialization and be separated.
The present invention utilizes two kinds of different tripping devices to carry out solid-liquid separation to the aqueous extract of spore powder, the rotary drum of horizontal screw centrifuge and spiral rotate with certain differential same-directional high-speed, by Ganoderma spore water extraction suspension in machine, under the effect of centrifugal force of high speed rotating, heavier spore powder solid precipitation forms the granulated slag of precipitation at drum inner wall, the cone continuously being shifted onto rotary drum by the spiral rotated is held, and discharges through slag-drip opening.Lighter micro-suspendible liquid phase (including 10-20% granulated slag) then forms internal layer pendular ring, overflows rotary drum continuously by the large end overflow port of rotary drum, discharges, thus realize solid phase and micro-suspension is separated through leakage fluid dram.
Butterfly separating machine is applicable to being separated the low suspension of solid content, it does revolution at a high speed by electric drive dish-style rotary drum around main axis, when the isolated micro-suspension of horizontal screw centrifuge flow to bottom of the drum by central upper portion filling tube, under video disc, the tap hole of seat surface tends to rotatory drum wall again, under effect of centrifugal force, heavy spore powder flows to drum inner wall and forms sediment, discharge through slag notch, isolate liquid phase then to flow along the male cone (strobilus masculinus) of taper video disc to axle center, discharge through liquid-phase outlet to top, realize being separated of solid phase and liquid phase.
The present invention is after Horizontal helical type centrifuge is separated, and in Ganoderma spore aqueous extract, the solid phase granulated slag of 80-90% is separated and discharged.Isolated micro-suspendible liquid phase, recycling butterfly centrifugal machine is separated, the upper liquid phase turbidity obtained low (about 100ntu), be bordering on limpid.Because the time of above-mentioned separation is shorter, the degreasing spore powder of general 240kg, its aqueous extract is approximately 2.4T, and the time of solid-liquid separation is 1.5 hours, and the time is short, makes extraction yield bring up to 90% by existing 62% so can proceed second extraction.Above-mentioned two machine series circulation use, and the water extraction suspension of Ganoderma spore is realized solid-liquid separation, owing to can realize the on-line continuous automated operation of automatic feed self-emptying, is applicable to preparing the needs of the large production of industrialization of ganoderma spore polysaccharide.
Specifically: a kind of device of industrialization extraction and isolation of ganoderma spore polysaccharide, it is by extractor, Horizontal helical type centrifuge, horizontal helical type container for storing liquid, horizontal helical type slag ladle, butterfly centrifugal machine, butterfly granulated slag storage tank, concentrating unit forms, extractor is connected by pipeline with Horizontal helical type centrifuge, the isolated liquid phase of Horizontal helical type centrifuge enters horizontal helical type container for storing liquid, sediment enters horizontal helical type slag ladle, horizontal helical type container for storing liquid connects with butterfly centrifugal machine, the isolated granulated slag of butterfly centrifugal machine enters butterfly granulated slag storage tank, liquid phase enters concentrating unit, horizontal helical type slag ladle, butterfly granulated slag storage tank connects with extractor respectively.
Described horizontal helical type slag ladle, butterfly granulated slag storage tank connect with extractor respectively.Refer to by connections such as transfer limes, slagging tap is conveyed into extractor by machinery by the content of horizontal helical type slag ladle, dish-style granulated slag storage tank.
After Ganoderma spore being put into extractor extraction, extracting solution directly enters Horizontal helical type centrifuge and is separated, the liquid phase of gained enters horizontal helical type container for storing liquid (because the speed of two whizzers is different, so need a horizontal helical type container for storing liquid to carry out liquid storage buffering, if the two speed can reach unanimously, can directly connect), sediment enters horizontal helical type slag ladle, horizontal helical type container for storing liquid connects with butterfly centrifugal machine, the isolated granulated slag of butterfly centrifugal machine enters butterfly granulated slag storage tank, liquid phase enters concentrating unit, after being all separated, again the slag in horizontal helical type slag ladle and butterfly granulated slag storage tank is put into extractor and carry out second extraction.
Aforesaid device is further set:
The rotating speed 3800r/min---5000r/min of described Horizontal helical type centrifuge, separating factor 2870-3530; The rotary drum rotating speed 7000r/min--7600r/min of butterfly centrifugal machine, separating factor 10000-11200.
The applicant is through experiment repeatedly many times, and when equipment reaches above-mentioned condition, the effect of solid-liquid separation is best.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the solid-liquid separation of Ganoderma spore aqueous extract is realized automatization, can continuously feeding, again can continuous discharge, 24 hours continuous industrial operations.Easy and simple to handle, velocity of separation is fast, shortens the time that spore soaks in aqueous extract, effectively avoids fermentation rancidity occurs, and keeps the original fragrant local flavor of Ganoderma spore powder well.
2. the present invention is by conventional for the tradition isolated granulated slag once extracted, be transported to second extraction tank again, carry out online secondary automatization further to extract, the polysaccharide yield of second extraction, 45% is improve than traditional once extraction, which not only improves added value, and improve the utilization ratio of natural resource.
3. the water extraction of the present invention by Ganoderma spore and the solid-liquid separation of extracting solution, realize serialization, the on-line operation of automatization, decrease the loss that manual operation, step that tradition is separated cause more, further increase the extraction yield of ganoderma spore polysaccharide, the total yield of second extraction is 90%.
4. the ganoderma spore polysaccharide that the present invention prepares has high biological activity, can be used for the exploitation of medicine, healthcare products and makeup.
5. device of the present invention is simple, and compact, mechanization degree is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the water extraction device figure of ganoderma spore polysaccharide of the present invention
Wherein 1 extractor 2 Horizontal helical type centrifuge 3 horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 4 horizontal helical type slag ladle 5 butterfly centrifugal machine 6 butterfly granulated slag storage tank 7 discharge outlet 8 concentrating unit.
concrete embodiment
The following examples can make professional and technical personnel more understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of industrialization extraction and isolation of ganoderma spore polysaccharide, it is by extractor 1, Horizontal helical type centrifuge 2, horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 3, horizontal helical type slag ladle 4, butterfly centrifugal machine 5, butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6, concentrating unit 8 forms, extractor 1 is connected by pipeline with Horizontal helical type centrifuge 2, the isolated liquid phase of Horizontal helical type centrifuge 2 enters horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 3, sediment enters horizontal helical type slag ladle 4, horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 3 connects with butterfly centrifugal machine 5, the isolated granulated slag of butterfly centrifugal machine 5 enters butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6, liquid phase enters concentrating unit 8, horizontal helical type slag ladle 4, butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 connects with extractor 1 respectively.Described horizontal helical type slag ladle 4, butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 connect with extractor 1 respectively, this is the feeding in order to second extraction, mainly connected by transfer lime etc., or by machinery, the content of horizontal helical type slag ladle 4, dish-style granulated slag storage tank 6 is conveyed into extractor 1, the outlet of horizontal helical type slag ladle 4 and butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 is connected to threeway, and one is connected with this tank body, and another mouth is connected with extractor 1, also having one is discharge outlet, and second time is extracted rear sediment and discharged from discharge outlet 7.
The rotating speed 2500-5000r/min of Horizontal helical type centrifuge, separating factor 2300-3530; The rotary drum rotating speed 6000-7600r/min of butterfly centrifugal machine, separating factor 9900-12800.
embodiment one:
Utilize said apparatus industrialization extraction and isolation ganoderma spore polysaccharide: take 240kg degreasing spore powder and be placed in 3.0T extractor 1, add the water 1.92T altogether of 8 times of spore powder amounts, be heated to 100 degree, boiling water extraction, constant temperature stirred extraction after 2 hours, by above-mentioned spore powder water extraction suspension by Horizontal helical type centrifuge 2(rotary drum rotating speed 3800r/min, separating factor 2860) be separated to obtain sleeping spiral shell solid phase granulated slag and micro-suspendible liquid phase, be stored in horizontal helical type slag ladle 4 and horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 3 respectively, because the speed of two whizzers is different, so need a horizontal helical type container for storing liquid to carry out liquid storage, if the two speed can reach unanimously, can directly connect, micro-suspendible liquid phase in horizontal helical type container for storing liquid 3 enters butterfly centrifugal machine 5(rotary drum rotating speed 7600r/min, separating factor 10000), be separated to obtain liquid phase and sediment, liquid phase enters concentrating unit 8, sediment enters butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6.After first time, extraction and isolation terminated, sediment in horizontal helical type slag ladle 4 and butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 is conveyed into the step repeating first time extraction and isolation in extractor 1 and carries out second time extraction, the outlet of horizontal helical type slag ladle 4 and butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 is connected to threeway, one end is connected with tank body, the other end is connected with extractor 1, also having one is discharge outlet 7, second time is extracted rear sediment and is discharged from discharge outlet, sediment in horizontal helical type slag ladle 4 and butterfly granulated slag storage tank 6 is discarded, the butterfly liquid phase entering concentrating unit 8 the most at last for twice carries out refiningly concentratedly obtaining lucid ganoderma spore powder polysaccharide medicinal extract (polysaccharide yield being 9.8%, content is 15.4%).Liquid phase sampling experiment Analysis, the turbidity of liquid phase is 114nut, limpider.
embodiment two:
Take 240kg degreasing spore powder and be placed in 3.0T extractor 1, the water adding 10 times of spore powder amounts is total to 2.4T and makes boiling water extraction, constant temperature stirred extraction after 2 hours, by above-mentioned spore powder water extraction suspension successively by Horizontal helical type centrifuge (rotary drum rotating speed 3800r/min, separating factor 2860), butterfly centrifugal machine (rotary drum rotating speed 7600r/min, separating factor 10000) series system multi-cycle separation liquid phase and solid phase.Final concentrating obtains lucid ganoderma spore powder polysaccharide medicinal extract (polysaccharide yield is 10.2%, and content is 15.9%).Liquid phase sampling experiment Analysis, the turbidity of liquid phase is 107nut, limpider.It is identical with upper example that all the other do not state part.
embodiment three:
Take 200kg degreasing spore powder and be placed in extraction element, add the water 2.4T altogether of 12 times of spore powder amounts, make boiling water extraction, constant temperature stirred extraction after 2 hours, by above-mentioned spore powder water extraction suspension successively by Horizontal helical type centrifuge (rotary drum rotating speed 5000r/min, separating factor 3525), butterfly centrifugal machine (rotary drum rotating speed 7060r/min, separating factor 11200) series system multi-cycle separation liquid phase and solid phase.Concentrate and obtain lucid ganoderma spore powder polysaccharide medicinal extract (polysaccharide yield is 10.5%, and content is 16%).Liquid phase sampling experiment Analysis, the turbidity of liquid phase is 100nut, limpider.It is identical with embodiment 1 that all the other do not state part.
Claims (6)
1. an industrialization extraction and separation method for ganoderma spore polysaccharide, is characterized in that it comprises: spore powder is placed in extraction element by (1), and the water adding 8 ~ 12 times of weight carries out being heated to micro-boiling, and keeps constant temperature to extract 2 hours; (2) extracting solution of above-mentioned suspendible is transported in tripping device carries out solid-liquid separation, solid phase is transmitted back in extractor, continue to extract second time, the water adding 8 ~ 12 times of weight carries out being heated to micro-boiling, constant temperature is kept to extract 2 hours, solid-liquid separation, merges the liquid phase of twice, obtains the polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma spore after concentrated.
2. the industrialization extraction and separation method of a kind of ganoderma spore polysaccharide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described spore powder refers to degreasing spore powder.
3. the industrialization extraction and separation method of a kind of ganoderma spore polysaccharide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, tripping device described in step (2) refers to the recycle system that Horizontal helical type centrifuge is connected with butterfly centrifugal machine, automatic feed self-emptying, and liquid phase and solid phase realize industrialization and be separated.
4. the industrialization extraction and separation method of a kind of ganoderma spore polysaccharide according to claim 3, is characterized in that the rotating speed 2500-5000r/min of described Horizontal helical type centrifuge, separating factor 2300-3530; The rotary drum rotating speed 6000-7600r/min of butterfly centrifugal machine, separating factor 9900-12800.
5. the device of the industrialization extraction and isolation of a ganoderma spore polysaccharide, it is characterized in that it is by extractor (1), Horizontal helical type centrifuge (2), horizontal helical type container for storing liquid (3), horizontal helical type slag ladle (4), butterfly centrifugal machine (5), butterfly granulated slag storage tank (6), concentrating unit (8) forms, extractor (1) is connected by pipeline with Horizontal helical type centrifuge (2), Horizontal helical type centrifuge (2) isolated liquid phase enters horizontal helical type container for storing liquid (3), sediment enters horizontal helical type slag ladle (4), horizontal helical type container for storing liquid (3) connects with butterfly centrifugal machine (5), butterfly centrifugal machine (5) isolated granulated slag enters butterfly granulated slag storage tank (6), liquid phase enters concentrating unit (8), horizontal helical type slag ladle (4), butterfly granulated slag storage tank (6) connects with extractor (1) respectively.
6. the device of a kind of industrialization extraction and isolation of ganoderma spore polysaccharide according to claim 5, is characterized in that the rotating speed 2500-5000r/min of Horizontal helical type centrifuge, separating factor 2300-3530; The rotary drum rotating speed 6000-7600r/min of butterfly centrifugal machine, separating factor 9900-12800.
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| CN109126191A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-04 | 江阴天江药业有限公司 | Separator and extraction separation method and its application are extracted in a kind of automation of Chinese medicine |
| CN109432817A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-03-08 | 江阴天江药业有限公司 | A kind of the automation extraction separation method and granule preparation method of the Chinese medicine of the effective component containing thermal sensitivity |
| WO2019076066A1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | 浙江寿仙谷医药股份有限公司 | Bitter ganoderma lucidum spore powder and preparation method thereof |
| WO2020093510A1 (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-14 | 中科健康产业集团江苏药业有限公司 | Separation and purification method for polysaccharide in ganoderma lucidum spores |
| CN112516184A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏滋补堂药业有限公司 | Rapid shell removing method for ganoderma lucidum spore powder |
| CN112898444A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-04 | 上海百信生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing muramyl polysaccharide by using ganoderma lucidum spore powder raffinate, product and application thereof |
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