CN105165548A - 一种大乔木丛植培育方法 - Google Patents
一种大乔木丛植培育方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165548A CN105165548A CN201510549381.3A CN201510549381A CN105165548A CN 105165548 A CN105165548 A CN 105165548A CN 201510549381 A CN201510549381 A CN 201510549381A CN 105165548 A CN105165548 A CN 105165548A
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- nursery stock
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大乔木丛植培育方法，按如下步骤进行：选苗、苗木处理、苗木拼接、苗木假植、苗木丛植、浇定根水、喷湿养护、覆盖蘑菇土。本发明在原有的乔木丛植技术的基础上，增加了苗木拼接、苗木假植这两个步骤，通过先组装、后假植，最后确定苗木伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽，成存活状态了，再进行丛植，有效确保丛植后的苗木不会出现个别苗木死亡，丛植后，整丛苗木的存活率基本达到100%。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于园林景观树栽培技术领域，特别是一种大乔木丛植培育方法。
背景技术
[0002] 丛植是指一株以上至十余株的树木，组合成一个整体结构，丛植可以形成极为自然的植物景观。丛植与孤植的区别在于丛植主要让人欣赏组合美，整体美。自然生长的丛生苗木可塑性较低，而且价格昂贵，数量少且不易移植，移植培育费用较高。因此人们开始采用人工进行乔木丛植培育以提高乔木种植的层次感、整体性，从而提高其观赏价值。人工丛植的苗木容易出现个别棵苗木死亡的现象，整丛的苗木不会全部枯死，却死掉了其中1-2棵，使得种植户极其为难。整丛苗木失去了原有的价值，却又弃之可惜，重新进行组丛基本是不可能，反而有可能把剩下的存活的苗木给整死了。因此人工丛植的苗木虽然价格高，但是往往由于出现个别苗木的死亡，导致种植户得不到相应的利润，反而要承担比较大的经济风险。因此，研发一款能够将个别棵死亡的苗木轻易的剔除掉，防止因个别苗木死亡导致整丛丛植的苗木价值降低的丛植培育方法是本发明的研究目的。
发明内容
[0003] 针对上述现有的丛植技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种大乔木丛植培育方法，能够有效解决上述现有技术存在的问题。
[0004] 具体技术方案如下:
一种大乔木丛植培育方法，按如下步骤进行:
(1)选苗:选取无病虫害，枝冠、高度整齐，胸径20-25cm的乔木；
(2)苗木处理:
(2.1)苗木起挖:对苗木进行疏枝间叶后，从外围开始，慢慢向树干方向挖，挖掘时应留意，遇到大根应尽量保留，大根可在土球外留长20-30 cm，过长者适当短截，针对土球根部的创面进行护根溶液喷雾处理，每棵植株喷洒30-35g护根溶液，所述护根溶液是由下述材料按下述重量份比例配置而成:
根动力I号2-4份根动力2号2-4份敌磺钠溶液1-L 5份水500份；所述苗木起挖时，其土壤含水量须保持80%以上，如果土壤过于干燥，挖掘前I天在土球范围内浇水；
(2.2) 土球制作:根据苗木的大小留土球，土球直径为苗木胸径的5〜6倍，土球固定时用草绳或编织布绕根颈缚扎结实，防止土块破碎或有泥土散落，要保证多数的根群被土球所包裹；
(3)苗木拼接:将苗木运抵苗场，根据丛植设计要求，每5棵苗木为一丛进行拼接，通过相应的工具将中间苗木的土球去除至直径35-45cm即可，其余4棵苗木则将土球去除至直径45-55cm，并将其任意一角修平至与中间苗木土球配合的形状；
(4)苗木假植:土球去除后，立即采用相应的含沙量至少65%以上的种植土对苗木进行培植，假植过程中，在苗木根部朝上30cm处钻一输液孔，沿该输液孔对苗木进行营养液输入，假植时间:40-50天；
(5)苗木丛植:
(5.1)丛植容器选择:根据苗木大小及丛植苗木的数量选择相应型号的美植袋作为5棵苗木的丛植容器；
(5.2)往所述美植袋中加入20-25cm厚的含沙量为60-70%的表层土壤；
(5.3)丛植:将伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽的5棵苗木重新拼接放到加有表层土壤的美植袋中，苗木之间采用紧固机构相互连接成整体，然后加入含沙量为60-70%表层土壤至高出土球2-3cm处，所述苗木丛植时，其土球含水量须保持70%以上；
(6)浇定根水:用大水灌溉2-3次，直至浇透为止；
(7)喷湿养护:
(7.1)苗木丛植后，采用喷头对树干和树冠进行喷水至饱和，然后在丛植后的3-5天内，每2-3小时进行一次喷水保湿；
(7.2)在丛植3-5天后至28-30天内，逐渐减少喷水保湿的次数，每3_4小时进行一次喷水保湿，并通过不透水薄膜扎紧在树干与美植袋之间，防止喷水保湿过程中，水大量流进美植袋内被土壤吸收，保持种植土壤含水量在50-60% ；
(8)覆盖蘑菇土:在苗木丛植后28-30天后，拆除不透水薄膜，在种植土壤的上方覆盖上一层2-5cm的蘑菇土，并进行灌溉使蘑菇土表面湿润，保持蘑菇土的含水量为50-60%，所述蘑菇土是由牛粪、稻草和表层土进行双孢蘑菇生产后所产生的渣土。
[0005] 所述苗木之间采用紧固机构相互连接成整体，所述紧固机构包含对苗木根部之间进行固定连接的金属钩钉和对树干之间进行固定连接的木板。
[0006] 本发明的优点:
本发明在原有的丛植技术的基础上，增加了苗木拼接、苗木假植这两个步骤，通过先组装、后假植，最后确定苗木伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽，成存活状态了，再进行丛植，有效确保丛植后的苗木不会出现个别苗木死亡，丛植后，整丛苗木的存活率基本达到100%。
具体实施方式
[0007] 为了便于本领域技术人员理解，以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，但本发明不仅限于此。
[0008] 实施例一:
丛植苗木:香樟，胸径20-25cm，数目:54棵、每5棵一丛，共10丛，备下4棵以备用，丛植时间:春季(4-5月份)，树木原生山地，丛植培育地点:春天园林研发中心苗木培植基地。具体丛植培育步骤如下:
(1)选苗:选取无病虫害，枝冠、高度整齐，胸径20-25cm的乔木；
(2)苗木处理:
(2.1)苗木起挖:对苗木进行疏枝间叶后，从外围开始，慢慢向树干方向挖，挖掘时应留意，遇到大根应尽量保留，大根可在土球外留长20-30 cm，过长者适当短截，针对土球根部的创面进行护根溶液喷雾处理，每棵植株喷洒30-35g护根溶液，所述护根溶液是由下述材料按下述重量份比例配置而成: 根动力I号3份根动力2号3份敌磺钠溶液L 5份水500份；
所述苗木起挖时，其土壤含水量须保持80%以上，如果土壤过于干燥，挖掘前I天在土球范围内浇水；
(2.2) 土球制作:根据苗木的大小留土球，土球直径为苗木胸径的5〜6倍，土球固定时用草绳或编织布绕根颈缚扎结实，防止土块破碎或有泥土散落，要保证多数的根群被土球所包裹；
(3)苗木拼接:将苗木运抵苗场，根据丛植设计要求，每5棵苗木为一丛进行拼接，通过相应的工具将中间苗木的土球去除至直径35-45cm即可，其余4棵苗木则将土球去除至直径45-55cm，并将其任意一角修平至与中间苗木土球配合的形状；
(4)苗木假植:土球去除后，立即采用相应的含沙量至少65%以上的种植土对苗木进行培植，假植过程中，在苗木根部朝上30cm处钻一输液孔，沿该输液孔对苗木进行营养液输入，假植时间:45天;
(5)苗木丛植:
(5.1)丛植容器选择:根据苗木大小及丛植苗木的数量选择相应型号的美植袋作为5棵苗木的丛植容器；
(5.2)往所述美植袋中加入20-25cm厚的含沙量为60-70%的表层土壤；
(5.3)丛植:将伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽的5棵苗木重新拼接放到加有表层土壤的美植袋中，苗木之间采用金属钩钉相互连接成整体，然后加入含沙量为60-70%表层土壤至高出土球2-3cm处，所述苗木丛植时，其土球含水量须保持70%以上；
(6)浇定根水:用大水灌溉2-3次，直至浇透为止；
(7)喷湿养护:
(7.1)苗木丛植后，采用喷头对树干和树冠进行喷水至饱和，然后在丛植后的3天内，每3小时进行一次喷水保湿；
(7.2)在丛植3天后至28天内，逐渐减少喷水保湿的次数，每4小时进行一次喷水保湿，并通过不透水薄膜扎紧在树干与美植袋之间，防止喷水保湿过程中，水大量流进美植袋内被土壤吸收，保持种植土壤含水量在50-60% ；
(8)覆盖蘑菇土:在苗木丛植后28天后，拆除不透水薄膜，在种植土壤的上方覆盖上一层2-5cm的蘑菇土，并进行灌溉使蘑菇土表面湿润，保持蘑菇土的含水量为50-60%，所述蘑菇土是由牛粪、稻草和表层土进行双孢蘑菇生产后所产生的渣土。
[0009] 本实施例中，假植过程中，共死亡3棵苗木，剩余一颗单独培育，余下50棵苗木按上述丛植方法丛植成10丛香樟，丛植后的10丛香樟全部存活至苗木出圃前均未出现死亡问题。
[0010] 实施例二:
丛植苗木:朴树，胸径20_25cm，数目:46棵、每5棵一丛，共8丛，备下6棵以备用，丛植时间:秋季(10月份)，树木原生山地，丛植培育地点:春天园林研发中心苗木培植基地。具体丛植培育步骤如下:
(1)选苗:选取无病虫害，枝冠、高度整齐，胸径20-25cm的朴树；
(2)苗木处理:
(2.1)苗木起挖:对苗木进行疏枝间叶后，从外围开始，慢慢向树干方向挖，挖掘时应留意，遇到大根应尽量保留，大根可在土球外留长20-30 cm，过长者适当短截，针对土球根部的创面进行护根溶液喷雾处理，每棵植株喷洒30-35g护根溶液，所述护根溶液是由下述材料按下述重量份比例配置而成:
根动力I号3份根动力2号3份敌磺钠溶液L 5份水500份；
所述苗木起挖时，其土壤含水量须保持80%以上，如果土壤过于干燥，挖掘前I天在土球范围内浇水；
(2.2) 土球制作:根据苗木的大小留土球，土球直径为苗木胸径的5〜6倍，土球固定时用草绳或编织布绕根颈缚扎结实，防止土块破碎或有泥土散落，要保证多数的根群被土球所包裹；
(3)苗木拼接:将苗木运抵苗场，根据丛植设计要求，每5棵苗木为一丛进行拼接，通过相应的工具将中间苗木的土球去除至直径35-45cm即可，其余4棵苗木则将土球去除至直径45-55cm，并将其任意一角修平至与中间苗木土球配合的形状；
(4)苗木假植:土球去除后，立即采用相应的含沙量至少65%以上的种植土对苗木进行培植，假植过程中，在苗木根部朝上30cm处钻一输液孔，沿该输液孔对苗木进行营养液输入，假植时间:50天；
(5)苗木丛植:
(5.1)丛植容器选择:根据苗木大小及丛植苗木的数量选择相应型号的美植袋作为5棵苗木的丛植容器；
(5.2)往所述美植袋中加入20-25cm厚的含沙量为60-70%的表层土壤；
(5.3)丛植:将伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽的5棵苗木重新拼接放到加有表层土壤的美植袋中，苗木之间采用金属钩钉相互连接成整体，然后加入含沙量为60-70%表层土壤至高出土球2-3cm处，所述苗木丛植时，其土球含水量须保持70%以上；
(6)浇定根水:用大水灌溉2-3次，直至浇透为止；
(7)喷湿养护:
(7.1)苗木丛植后，采用喷头对树干和树冠进行喷水至饱和，然后在丛植后的5天内，每2小时进行一次喷水保湿；
(7.2)在丛植5天后至30天内，逐渐减少喷水保湿的次数，每3小时进行一次喷水保湿，并通过不透水薄膜扎紧在树干与美植袋之间，防止喷水保湿过程中，水大量流进美植袋内被土壤吸收，保持种植土壤含水量在50-60% ；
(8)覆盖蘑菇土:在苗木丛植后30天后，拆除不透水薄膜，在种植土壤的上方覆盖上一层2-5cm的蘑菇土，并进行灌溉使蘑菇土表面湿润，保持蘑菇土的含水量为50-60%，所述蘑菇土是由牛粪、稻草和表层土进行双孢蘑菇生产后所产生的渣土。
[0011 ] 本实施例中，假植过程中，共死亡2棵苗木，余下44棵苗木按上述丛植方法丛植成8丛每丛5棵的丛植朴树和一丛只有4棵的丛植朴树。丛植后的9丛朴树全部存活至苗木出圃前均未出现死亡问题。
[0012] 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属于发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种大乔木丛植培育方法，其特征在于按如下步骤进行: (1)选苗:选取无病虫害，枝冠、高度整齐，胸径20-25cm的乔木； (2)苗木处理: (2.1)苗木起挖:对苗木进行疏枝间叶后，从外围开始，慢慢向树干方向挖，挖掘时应留意，遇到大根应尽量保留，大根可在土球外留长20-30 cm，过长者适当短截，针对土球根部的创面进行护根溶液喷雾处理，每棵植株喷洒30-35g护根溶液，所述护根溶液是由下述材料按下述重量份比例配置而成: 根动力I号2-4份 根动力2号2-4份 敌磺钠溶液1-L 5份 水500份； 所述苗木起挖时，其土壤含水量须保持80%以上，如果土壤过于干燥，挖掘前I天在土球范围内浇水； (2.2) 土球制作:根据苗木的大小留土球，土球直径为苗木胸径的5〜6倍，土球固定时用草绳或编织布绕根颈缚扎结实，防止土块破碎或有泥土散落，要保证多数的根群被土球所包裹； (3)苗木拼接:将苗木运抵苗场，根据丛植设计要求，每5棵苗木为一丛进行拼接，通过相应的工具将中间苗木的土球去除至直径35-45cm即可，其余4棵苗木则将土球去除至直径45-55cm，并将其任意一角修平至与中间苗木土球配合的形状； (4)苗木假植:土球去除后，立即采用相应的含沙量至少65%以上的种植土对苗木进行培植，假植过程中，在苗木根部朝上30cm处钻一输液孔，沿该输液孔对苗木进行营养液输入，假植时间:40-50天； (5)苗木丛植: (5.1)丛植容器选择:根据苗木大小及丛植苗木的数量选择相应型号的美植袋作为5棵苗木的丛植容器； (5.2)往所述美植袋中加入20-25cm厚的含沙量为60-70%的表层土壤； (5.3)丛植:将伤口恢复，枝条长出新芽的5棵苗木重新拼接放到加有表层土壤的美植袋中，苗木之间采用紧固机构相互连接成整体，然后加入含沙量为60-70%表层土壤至高出土球2-3cm处，所述苗木丛植时，其土球含水量须保持70%以上； (6)浇定根水:用大水灌溉2-3次，直至浇透为止； (7)喷湿养护: (7.1)苗木丛植后，采用喷头对树干和树冠进行喷水至饱和，然后在丛植后的3-5天内，每2-3小时进行一次喷水保湿； (7.2)在丛植3-5天后至28-30天内，逐渐减少喷水保湿的次数，每3_4小时进行一次喷水保湿，并通过不透水薄膜扎紧在树干与美植袋之间，防止喷水保湿过程中，水大量流进美植袋内被土壤吸收，保持种植土壤含水量在50-60% ； (8)覆盖蘑菇土:在苗木丛植后28-30天后，拆除不透水薄膜，在种植土壤的上方覆盖上一层2-5cm的蘑菇土，并进行灌溉使蘑菇土表面湿润，保持蘑菇土的含水量为50-60%，所述蘑菇土是由牛粪、稻草和表层土进行双孢蘑菇生产后所产生的渣土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大乔木丛植培育方法，其特征在于:所述苗木之间采用紧固机构相互连接成整体，所述紧固机构包含对苗木根部之间进行固定连接的金属钩钉和对树干之间进行固定连接的木板。
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| CN112243790A (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏翠谷苗木有限公司 | 丛生朴树的培育方法 |
| CN112243791A (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏翠谷苗木有限公司 | 丛生乌桕的培育方法 |
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