CN105165369B - A kind of grape is tree-like and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a grape tree shape and a construction method thereof, which belong to the field of plant cultivation, and the specific steps are as follows: comprising cultivating a 1.8-meter upright trunk, and cultivating two main vines 18-24 cm above the trunk; the upright trunk Turn to extend horizontally and continue to form a 2-meter-long horizontal trunk. Two main vines grow on the left and right of the top of the trunk, and all the main vines are at the same level. With this vine-shaped construction method, the tree-shaped trunk is located on one side. Two rows of fruiting main vines can occupy a larger space, which is conducive to the implementation of mechanized operations and sightseeing in the vineyard, and at the same time increases the yield compared with one row of main vines; the tree-shaped trunk and main vines have a long space, which helps to ease the growth of vigorous varieties Excellent tree vigor, reducing summer management workload; this tree shape results in equal position of mother branches, uniform arrangement of new shoots, uniform result positions, which greatly improves fruit quality.

Description

A grape tree shape and its construction method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a vine shape and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

For a long time, the tree shape adopted by my country's viticulture is basically a close-planted tree shape centered on yield, such as the multi-main vine fan-shaped or Y-shaped trellis, and the dragon-stem shape of the trellis. Both before and after, the difference in fruit maturity and quality heterogeneity is obvious, and the fruit and new shoots are distributed alternately, resulting in poor management effects such as pest control.

With the expansion of viticulture area and the standardization of management, standardized tree shapes such as the 'T' shape of the trellis and the 'plant' shape have become the main tree shapes in production; The "plant" or inverted "L" tree shape solves the problem of mixed ears and new shoots, but the disadvantage is that the yield is low; the "H" tree shape popularized in the south is located in the center and acts as a corridor to prevent machinery from passing through. What is even more embarrassing is that with the shortage of labor and the sharp increase in labor costs, large-scale vineyards urgently need mechanization. However, the row spacing of vineyards is generally narrow at present, and the radius of maneuver is generally small, especially for the shortage of land resources. Vineyards, it is difficult to accept it to vacate a large piece of land; and the existing public patents are basically optimized and improved on the basis of the above-mentioned tree shape, it is difficult to overcome the above-mentioned defects, and the implementability is not good. It is difficult to be widely promoted and applied.

With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the leisure and health care industry has developed rapidly. Sightseeing and picking vineyards have sprung up, and wineries are also developing in a comprehensive direction. Therefore, vineyards must not only provide material products, but also provide beautiful and clean Therefore, larger row spacing and more promenades are required for tourists to wander. How to meet the above requirements has become a difficult problem in viticulture.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the gaps in the prior art, the invention provides a vine shape and a construction method thereof, the specific steps are as follows: comprising cultivating a 1.8-meter upright trunk, two main vines cultivated respectively at 18-24cm above the trunk; The above-mentioned upright trunk turns into a horizontal extension and continues to form a section of 2-meter-long trunk. Two main vines grow on the left and right of the top of the trunk, and all the main vines are on the same horizontal plane; On the side, two rows of main vines can occupy a larger space, which is conducive to the implementation of mechanized operations and sightseeing in the vineyard, and at the same time increases the yield compared with a row of main vines; the tree-shaped trunk and main vines have a longer space, which is helpful for slow growth The tree vigor of the vigorous variety reduces the workload of management in summer; the position of the mother branch of this tree shape is equal, the new shoots are evenly arranged, and the result position is uniform, which greatly improves the fruit quality.

The concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:

The inventor first provided a brand-new grape tree shape, the specific composition of which is as follows:

It includes an upright trunk of 1.8-2 meters, and two main vines are cultivated 18-24 cm above the trunk; the upright trunk continues to extend horizontally to a 2-meter-long horizontal trunk, and the top of the trunk divides into two main vines. Generally, all main vines are at the same level; the spacing between two adjacent upright trunks is 2-4 meters, and the row spacing is 4-5 meters.

All the new shoots of the above-mentioned tree shape are perpendicular to the main vine and extend horizontally, and the fruit ears are all located on a straight line. From the perspective of space, it is similar to the Chinese character 'gan' bent at 90 degrees, or a vertical 'T' shape and a horizontal ' T' shape combination. It is very different from the tree shape in the prior art, but after adopting this tree shape, the trunk of the tree shape is located on one side, and the two rows of fruiting main vines can occupy a large space, which is conducive to the implementation of mechanized operations and sightseeing in the vineyard. At the same time, the output is higher than that of a row of main vines; the trunk and main vines of this tree shape are extended in space, which helps to ease the tree vigor of vigorously growing varieties and reduce the management workload in summer; the position of the mother branches of this tree shape is equal, and the new shoots Arranged evenly, resulting in uniform parts, greatly improving fruit quality.

The inventor also provides the construction method of the tree as follows:

1. Planting seedling selection and planting

The use of first-grade grape seedlings requires a well-developed root system, the thickness of the base of the branches is more than 0.7cm, the number of cut nodes is 4-5, and the bud eyes are full and strong; the rootstock height of grafted seedlings is more than 30cm, and the grafting joints are completely healed. The seedlings have no mechanical damage, no pests and diseases; the grapes are planted along the row heads and columns;

2. Cultivate the trunk and main vines

In the spring of the first year, healthy seedlings are planted, and after germination, a strong new shoot is kept to grow upright. Horizontally bound and grown, cultivated as the first row of main vines, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the tree is vigorous, one more auxiliary shoot can be retained to extend forward, and the two auxiliary shoots together form a horizontal trunk; all new shoots are in early August. Picking the heart to promote ripening; when pruning in winter, all branches are cut short when the diameter reaches 0.8cm;

The second year: For varieties with strong tree vigor, the horizontal trunk reaches 2 meters away from the main vines of the first row, and the horizontal trunk can be used to cultivate the second row, that is, the 3rd and 4th main vines; for those with insufficient tree vigor, the top buds of the horizontal trunk can be kept to continue Grow horizontally until it is topped at 2 meters away from the first row of main vines, select the next two auxiliary shoots and tie them horizontally along the wire drawing, cultivate them as the second row of main vines, and wipe off the remaining new shoots on the horizontal stem; Top off when the main vines of two adjacent plants are docked;

3. Cultivation of fruiting mother branches

Wipe the buds on the main vine to fix the shoots at a distance of 15-20 cm, and keep the new shoots growing horizontally in the same direction; when the front and back rows of new shoots are handed over, top off and trim; young trees can leave a piece of auxiliary shoots and leaves behind, and mature trees do not keep Auxiliary tip leaves; when pruning in winter, most of the new shoots of most varieties keep a bud and cut it short, as the fruiting mother branch of the next year; so far, the tree shape cultivation is completed.

Through the above cultivation method, the vine shape of the present invention can be obtained in a short time, and the whole process is relatively simple, which is suitable for better popularization and utilization.

In summary, the tree shape provided by the present invention and its corresponding cultivation method have been greatly improved compared with the prior art. This tree shape is more suitable for mechanized operations and sightseeing applications, and has a great impact on the yield and fruit quality of grapevines. All have been greatly improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation when tree form field planting of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the tree structure of the present invention;

In the figure, 1 is an upright trunk, 2 is a horizontal trunk, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are main vines, and 7 is a new shoot.

detailed description

Example 1

A brand-new grape tree shape, the specific composition of the tree shape is as follows:

It includes an upright trunk 1 of 1.8-2 meters, and two main vines 3 and 6 are respectively cultivated 18-24 cm above the trunk 1; the upright trunk 1 continues to extend horizontally to a section of 2-meter-long horizontal trunk 2, and the top of the trunk Two main vines 4 and 5 were grown on the left and right;

The overall tree shape is similar to a bent Chinese character "gan". The lower part of the word "gan" is an upright trunk, the upper two horizontal lines are horizontal main vines, and the horizontal main trunk is between the two horizontal lines. The distance between two adjacent upright main trunks is 2-4 meters, row spacing 4-5 meters.

Generally, all the main vines are basically on the same level, and the new shoots 7 are located on the main vines, the spacing is 15-20cm, the length of the new shoots is 1.8-2m, 45-50 leaves, and the load is controlled at 1500kg

Embodiment 2 A kind of brand-new vine-shaped construction method

1. Planting seedling selection and planting

The use of first-grade grape seedlings requires a well-developed root system, the thickness of the base of the branches is more than 0.7cm, the number of cut nodes is 4-5, and the bud eyes are full and strong; the rootstock height of grafted seedlings is more than 30cm, and the grafting joints are completely healed. The seedlings have no mechanical damage, no pests and diseases; the grapes are planted along the row heads and columns;

2. Cultivate the trunk and main vines

In the spring of the first year, healthy seedlings are planted, and after germination, a strong new shoot is kept to grow upright. Horizontally bound and grown, cultivated as the first row of main vines, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the tree is vigorous, one more auxiliary shoot can be retained to extend forward, and the two auxiliary shoots together form a horizontal trunk; all new shoots are in early August. Picking the heart to promote ripening; when pruning in winter, all branches are cut short when the diameter reaches 0.8cm;

The second year: For varieties with strong tree vigor, the horizontal trunk reaches 2 meters away from the main vines of the first row, and the horizontal trunk can be used to cultivate the second row, that is, the 3rd and 4th main vines; for those with insufficient tree vigor, the top buds of the horizontal trunk can be kept to continue Grow horizontally until it is topped at 2 meters away from the first row of main vines, select the next two auxiliary shoots and tie them horizontally along the wire drawing, cultivate them as the second row of main vines, and wipe off the remaining new shoots on the horizontal stem; Top off when the main vines of two adjacent plants are docked;

3. Cultivation of fruiting mother branches

Wipe the buds on the main vine to fix the shoots at a distance of 15-20 cm, and keep the new shoots growing horizontally in the same direction; when the front and back rows of new shoots are handed over, top off and trim; young trees can leave a piece of auxiliary shoots and leaves behind, and mature trees do not keep Auxiliary tip leaves; when pruning in winter, most of the new shoots of most varieties keep a bud and cut it short, as the fruiting mother branch of the next year; so far, the tree shape cultivation is completed.

Apply this tree shape, the inventor has carried out experiments in many places such as Jining, Shandong, Tai'an, control the row spacing between two adjacent upright trunks to be 2-4 meters, have adopted the more prosperous grape variety Moldova annual strong seedlings of tree shape, The main tree shape is formed in one year, and the fruit begins to bear fruit in the second year. The fruiting branches are balanced and consistent, the ears are arranged neatly, and the high-quality fruit rate is over 90%. Much higher than the existing tree shape, and more suitable for mechanized operations and sightseeing applications.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of construction method of vine shape, is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows: (1) Planting seedling selection and planting The use of first-grade grape seedlings requires a well-developed root system, the thickness of the base of the branches is more than 0.7cm, the number of pruned nodes is 4-5, and the bud eyes are full and strong; the rootstock height of grafted seedlings is more than 30cm, and the grafting interface is completely healed; the seedlings have no mechanical damage. , no pests and diseases; along the rows of grapes planted at the head of the row, inside the column; (2) Cultivate the trunk and main vines In the spring of the first year, healthy seedlings are planted, and after germination, a strong new shoot is kept to grow upright. Horizontally bound growth, cultivated as the first row of main vines, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the tree is vigorous, keep one more auxiliary shoot to extend forward, and the two auxiliary shoots together form a horizontal trunk; all new shoots are topped in early August Accelerate ripening; when pruning in winter, all branches are cut short when the diameter reaches 0.8cm; The second year: The horizontal trunk of the variety with strong tree vigor reaches the distance of 2 meters from the first row of main vines, and the horizontal trunk can be used to cultivate the second row, that is, the 3rd and 4th main vines; for those with insufficient tree vigor, keep the horizontal trunk and the top buds continue to be horizontal Grow until it is 2 meters away from the first row of main vines, pick the heart, select the next two auxiliary shoots and tie them horizontally along the wire drawing, cultivate them as the second row of main vines, and wipe off the remaining new shoots on the horizontal stem; when adjacent Pruning when the main vines of the two plants are docked; (3) Cultivation of fruiting mother branches Wipe the buds on the main vine to fix the shoots at a distance of 15-20cm, and keep the new shoots growing horizontally in the same direction; when the front and back rows of new shoots are handed over, top off and trim; young trees leave a piece of auxiliary shoot leaves behind, and mature trees do not keep Auxiliary tip leaves; when pruning in winter, the new shoots of most varieties keep a bud and cut it short, as the fruiting mother branch of the next year; so far, the tree shape cultivation is completed; Wherein the new shoot cultivation direction is the same as the horizontal trunk, with a spacing of 15-20cm, a shoot topping length of 1.8-2m, 45-50 leaves, and a load of 1500kg.