CN105148667A - 一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统 - Google Patents
一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105148667A CN105148667A CN201510575631.0A CN201510575631A CN105148667A CN 105148667 A CN105148667 A CN 105148667A CN 201510575631 A CN201510575631 A CN 201510575631A CN 105148667 A CN105148667 A CN 105148667A
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- gas
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- desulfurization
- absorption tower
- flue gas
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 241000521257 Hydrops Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010521 absorption reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous materials Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001890 sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002966 Serum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solids Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统。所述脱硫除尘系统包括具有烟气入口和出口的吸收塔、用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气均布整流的气液再平衡器，用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气进行淋洗的下循环脱硫喷淋区和上循环脱硫喷淋区、用于对淋洗后的烟气进行除雾的除雾区、用于将上循环脱硫喷淋区产生的积水回收的积液再分配器；所述烟气出口位于除雾区上方，所述烟气入口位于气液再平衡器下方；所述气液再平衡器、下循环脱硫喷淋区、积液再分配器、上循环脱硫喷淋区和除雾区自下而上布置在吸收塔内。本发明满足脱硫除尘效率的同时，布置紧凑，减少占地，节约投资，运行维修方便，降低系统能耗。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，尤其涉及一种能高效去除烟气中二氧化硫和固体颗粒物的吸收塔设备。
背景技术
[0002] 国家和地方政府对烟气排放要求越来越严，继2011年国家颁布的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB13223-2011)中规定，自2014年7月I日起，燃煤电厂火力发电锅炉烟尘、二氧化硫的排放限值分别为30 mg/m3和100 mg/m 3，重点地区为20 mg/m3和50 mg/m3。2014年9月，国家发改委、环境保护部、国家能源局联合出台了《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014—2020年)》要求重点区域燃煤电厂烟气污染物排放限值达到燃气轮机组的要求，二氧化硫排放不超过35mg/Nm3、固体颗粒物浓度不超过5mg/m3，达到“超洁净排放”的要求。在高硫煤地区，要达到“超洁净排放”的要求，目前的常规脱硫工艺已不能满足“超洁净排放”的要求。当前，有采用双塔串联和单塔双循环的工艺，双塔串联由于占地非常大，投资也大，运行维修复杂。现有的单塔双循环工艺其实质是双塔串联工艺的变形，同样需要两个吸收塔，只是将两个吸收塔的喷淋区叠加在一个吸收塔上，另一个吸收塔只是起浆池的作用，同样占地大，运行维修复杂。而且，对于降低固体颗粒物排放浓度方面没有特殊措施，一般采用加装湿式电除尘器来达到目的，但是加装湿式电除尘器投资高、运行维护费用高，且受场地限制。
[0003]因此，开发一种高效的、低耗能的、运行维修方便的脱硫除尘系统非常必要。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明旨在提供一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，该脱硫除尘系统能在满足脱硫除尘效率的同时，布置紧凑，减少占地，节约投资，运行维修方便，降低系统能耗。
[0005] 为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其结构特点是，包括一吸收塔，其下部具有烟气入口，上部具有烟气出口 ；
一气液再平衡器，其用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气均布整流；
一喷淋区，用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气进行淋洗，其包括下循环脱硫喷淋区和上循环脱硫喷淋区；
一除雾区，其设置在上循环脱硫喷淋区上方用于对淋洗后的烟气进行除雾；
一积液再分配器，其位于下循环脱硫喷淋区与上循环脱硫喷淋区之间，用于将上循环脱硫喷淋区产生的积水回收；
所述烟气出口位于除雾区上方，所述烟气入口位于气液再平衡器下方；所述气液再平衡器、下循环脱硫喷淋区、积液再分配器、上循环脱硫喷淋区和除雾区自下而上布置在吸收塔内。
[0006] 由此，所述的上循环脱硫喷淋区和下循环脱硫喷淋区之间由积液再分配器分隔开，通过在脱硫塔内部设置气液再平衡器、积液再分配器和除雾区，在三者的协同作用下，使烟气的脱硫除尘在双循环的脱硫系统共同完成，既保证了较高的脱硫除尘效率，又降低了浆液循环量和系统能耗，并且单塔整体布置减少了占地，节约了投资。
[0007] 根据本发明的实施例，还可以对本发明作进一步的优化，以下为优化后形成的技术方案:
所述吸收塔底部设有浆液氧化池，所述积液再分配器回收的积水通过一设置在吸收塔侧壁上的回流口导入所述浆液氧化池内。
[0008] 所述浆液氧化池内通过一带循环栗的管道分别与所述下循环脱硫喷淋区和上循环脱硫喷淋区内的喷淋管连通。由此，烟气可均匀通过积液再分配器并与上段喷洒的浆液进行接触并传质，同时积液再分配器收集上循环脱硫喷淋区的喷淋浆液，从盘周围设置的回流口回流至塔底的浆液氧化池中，从而与浆液氧化池、循环栗形成上循环脱硫系统。所述的下循环脱硫喷淋区由积液再分配器下方的喷淋浆液、气液再平衡器、浆液氧化池及循环栗构成。优选地，所述的浆液氧化池由上、下循环脱硫系统公用。这样，在一个吸收塔内形成了相对独立又相互联系的双循环脱硫区。两循环脱硫区喷淋浆液互不干扰，避免由于液气比过大而影响喷淋浆液的有效利用率。
[0009] 所述气液再平衡器包括多个同形模块和多个异形模块；所述同形模块位于气液再平衡器的中部位置，该同形模块包括外框和设置在外框内的至少一层管栅；所述异形模块包括至少一层管栅和不规则的多孔板。这种结构可有效的提高脱硫系统的脱硫效率并使烟气中的粉尘润湿，从而提高整个吸收塔的除尘效率。
[0010] 所述积液再分配器包括具有坡面的积液盘面，通过支撑部件设置在积液盘面上的多个挡水均流帽；所述积液盘面上设有多个气孔。
[0011] 所述挡水均流帽为向上凸起圆滑的开有多个小孔的帽状盘面结构，其用于保证烟气进入上循环脱硫喷淋区且阻止积水进入下循环脱硫喷淋区。
[0012] 所述积液盘面为中间部位高于周缘的锥形结构，该积液盘面的周缘处设有开设在吸收塔侧壁上的回流口。由此，积液盘面为由中心向四周设有一定坡角的锥形结构，积液盘面上设置多个气孔，每个气孔周边上部设置多个支撑与挡水均流帽相连接，同时整个盘面与上方的喷淋支撑梁由多个拉杆连接，以固定积液再分配器。该结构可使烟气从下至上均匀通过，而上部的喷淋浆液由挡水均流帽导入盘面上，最后通过积液再分配器四周的回流口回流至塔底浆液氧化池中。
[0013] 所述除雾区内自下至上依次设置的第一级除雾器、喷雾装置、第二级除雾器和第三级除雾器。这种结构可有效的提高吸收系统的除尘效率。由此，在第一级除雾器后加装喷雾装置，喷出大量微小粒径的清洁低温水雾，烟气中增加的大量小粒径水滴与经过第一级除雾后的细小液滴及尘粒发生碰撞凝并，变成大粒径的液滴，大液滴再通过第二、三层除雾器除去，从而达到高效除尘除雾的效果。从成本考虑而言，第一级除雾器为普通除雾器即可，第二级除雾器和第三级除雾器需要采用高效除雾器。
[0014] 所述除雾区内的各级除雾器合为凝并式除雾器。
[0015] 所述气液再平衡器的高度不大于0.6m，积液再分配器的高度为2-3m ;所述除雾区的高度不大于7.5m。
[0016] 与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是: 本发明在脱硫塔内设置气液再平衡器、积液再分配器和凝并式除雾器，在三者的协同作用下，充分挖掘喷淋层、除雾器的脱硫、除尘能力。
[0017] 本发明的高效脱硫除尘系统，气液再平衡器、积液再分配器和凝并式除雾器布置在一个脱硫塔内，气液再平衡器的结构高度控制在0.6米之内，一般吸收塔的烟气入口和第一级喷淋层之间都有距离安装此气液再平衡器，无需另外增加吸收塔高度。积液再分配器的结构高度控制在2~3米之内，凝并式除雾器结构高度控制在7.5米之内，所需塔内空间较小，塔外无需设置副浆液氧化池，既保证了较高的脱硫除尘效率，又降低了浆液循环量和系统能耗，并且单塔整体布置减少占地，节约投资；本发明特别适合燃烧高硫煤产生的烟气的脱硫降尘。
[0018] 本发明特别适合于燃烧高含硫煤产生的烟气的脱硫降尘，脱硫效率可达99.5%以上。
附图说明
[0019] 图1是本发明一个实施例的结构原理图；
图2是本发明所述积液再分配器的示意图；
图3是本发明所述气液再平衡器的示意图；
图4是本发明所述气液再平衡器的同形模块示意图。
[0020] 在图中:1-吸收塔体，2-烟气入口，3-烟气出口，4-第三级除雾器，5-第二级除雾器，6-喷雾装置，7-第一级除雾器，8-上循环脱硫喷淋区，9-挡水均流帽，10-支撑部件，11-积液盘面，12-回流口，13-浆液氧化池，14-下循环脱硫喷淋区，15-气液再平衡器，16-支撑梁，17-循环栗，18-同形模块，19-异形模块，20-管栅，21-外框。
具体实施方式
[0021] 以下结合附图对本发明进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用来限定本发明的范围。
[0022] —种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，如图1所示，包括吸收塔1，所述的吸收塔I下部设有烟气入口 2，上部设有烟气出口 3，所述的吸收塔I内的烟气入口 2与烟气出口3之间从下至上依次设置气液再平衡器15、下循环脱硫喷淋区14、积液再分配器(包含挡水均流帽9、支撑部件10、积液盘面11、回流口 12)、上循环脱硫喷淋区8和凝并式除雾器(包含第三级除雾器4、第二级除雾器5、喷雾装置6、第一级除雾器7);气液再平衡器15布置在烟气入口 2与最下层喷淋层之间，上循环脱硫喷淋区8和下循环脱硫喷淋区14之间由积液再分配器分隔开，烟气入口 2下方的塔体底部设有浆液氧化池13，浆液氧化池13底部通过循环栗17与上循环脱硫喷淋区8、下循环脱硫喷淋区14的喷淋管连接。
[0023] 本实施例中，所述的上循环脱硫喷淋区8由积液再分配器、上段浆液喷淋层、浆液氧化池13及循环栗17构成，烟气可均匀通过积液再分配器并与上段喷洒的浆液进行接触并传质，同时积液再分配器收集上循环脱硫喷淋区8的喷淋浆液，从盘周围设置的回流口12回流至塔底的浆液氧化池13中，从而与浆液氧化池13、循环栗17形成上循环脱硫系统。所述的下循环脱硫喷淋区14由积液再分配器11下方的浆液喷淋层、气液再平衡器15、浆液氧化池13及循环栗17构成。所述的浆液氧化池13由上、下循环脱硫系统公用。这样，在一个脱硫塔内形成了相对独立又相互联系的双循环脱硫系统。
[0024] 图2为积液再分配器的示意图，如图所示，所述的积液再分配器由积液盘面11、盘上的挡水均流帽9及支撑部件10构成。积液盘面11为由中心向四周设有一定坡角的锥形结构(坡角不限，可为2~5° )，积液盘面11上设置多个气孔(气孔的开孔形状不限，可为圆形、方形或不规则形状)，每个气孔周边上方设置多个支撑部件10 (支撑结构不限，可为扁钢、圆钢或圆管等)与挡水均流帽9相连接，同时整个积液盘面11与上方的喷淋支撑梁由多个拉杆连接，以固定积液再分配器。所述的挡水均流帽9为向上凸起圆滑的开有多个小孔的帽状盘面结构，该挡水均流帽的结构可以使烟气均匀通过，同时阻挡浆液进入下循环脱硫喷淋区14。所述的积液再分配器的结构可使上部的喷淋浆液由挡水均流帽9导入积液盘面上，最后通过积液再分配器四周的回流口 12回流至塔底浆液氧化池13中。
[0025] 所述的凝并式除雾器的结构是由从下至上依次设置的第一级除雾器7、喷雾装置6、第二级除雾器5和第三级除雾器4组成。在第一级除雾器7后加装喷雾装置6，喷出大量微小粒径的清洁低温水雾，烟气中增加的大量小粒径水滴与经过第一级除雾后的细小液滴及尘粒发生碰撞凝并，变成大粒径的液滴，大液滴再通过第二级除雾器5、第三级除雾器4除去，从而达到高效除尘除雾的效果。
[0026] 图3为气液再平衡器15的示意图，如图所示，所述的气液再平衡器15布置在脱硫塔烟气入口 2与最下层喷淋层之间，其结构由多个同形模块18和异形模块19拼装而成。同形模块18布置于气液再平衡器15的中间位置，气液再平衡器15的同形模块18见图4，它是由两层(但不局限于两层，可多层)错列布置的管栅20和固定管栅的外框21组成。异形模块19布置于该装置周边，由不规则的多孔板、管栅等组成。同时气液再平衡器15下方由支撑梁16支撑。当下方烟气通过气液再平衡器15时，可使烟气得到均布整流的作用。同时，上方喷淋的浆液在气液再平衡器15上形成一层液膜，增加烟气与浆液接触时间，加强了气液两相传质过程，提高浆液对二氧化硫的吸收能力，同时，使烟气中的粉尘颗粒得到润湿，进而提高吸收塔系统脱硫除尘效率。
[0027] 本发明中，在吸收塔内同时设置气液再平衡器、积液再分配器和凝并式除雾器，使烟气的脱硫除尘在高效烟气脱硫除尘系统内共同完成，既保证了较高的脱硫除尘效率，又降低了浆液循环量和系统能耗，并且单塔整体布置减少占地，节约投资；本发明特别适合燃烧高硫煤产生的烟气脱硫，脱硫效率可达到99.5%以上。
[0028] 最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过参照本发明的优选实施例已经对本发明进行了描述，但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其做出各种各样的改变，而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，包括 一吸收塔，其下部具有烟气入口(2)，上部具有烟气出口(3); 一气液再平衡器(15)，其用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气均布整流； 一喷淋区，用于对进入吸收塔内的烟气进行淋洗，其包括下循环脱硫喷淋区(14)和上循环脱硫喷淋区(8); 一除雾区，其设置在上循环脱硫喷淋区(8)上方用于对淋洗后的烟气进行除雾； 一积液再分配器，其位于下循环脱硫喷淋区(14)与上循环脱硫喷淋区(8)之间，用于将上循环脱硫喷淋区产生的积水回收； 所述烟气出口(3)位于除雾区上方，所述烟气入口(2)位于气液再平衡器(15)下方；所述气液再平衡器(15)、下循环脱硫喷淋区(14)、积液再分配器、上循环脱硫喷淋区(8)和除雾区自下而上布置在吸收塔内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述吸收塔底部设有浆液氧化池(13)，所述积液再分配器回收的积水通过一设置在吸收塔侧壁上的回流口( 12)导入所述浆液氧化池(13)内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述浆液氧化池(13)内通过一带循环栗(17)的管道分别与所述下循环脱硫喷淋区(14)和上循环脱硫喷淋区(8)内的喷淋管连通。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述气液再平衡器(15)包括多个同形模块和多个异形模块；所述同形模块位于气液再平衡器(15)的中部位置，该同形模块包括外框(21)和设置在外框(21)内的至少一层管栅(20);所述异形模块包括至少一层管栅(20)和不规则的多孔板。
5.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述积液再分配器包括具有坡面的积液盘面(11)，通过支撑部件设置在积液盘面(11)上的多个挡水均流帽(9);所述积液盘面(11)上设有多个气孔。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述挡水均流帽(9)为向上凸起圆滑的开有多个小孔的帽状盘面结构，其用于保证烟气进入上循环脱硫喷淋区(8)且阻止积水进入下循环脱硫喷淋区(14)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述积液盘面(11)为中间部位高于周缘的锥形结构，该积液盘面(11)的周缘处设有开设在吸收塔侧壁上的回流口(12)。
8.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述除雾区内自下至上依次设置的第一级除雾器(7)、喷雾装置(6)、第二级除雾器(5)和第三级除雾器(4)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述除雾区内的各级除雾器合为凝并式除雾器。
10.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的用于烟气净化的高效脱硫除尘系统，其特征在于，所述气液再平衡器(15)的高度不大于0.6m，积液再分配器的高度为2-3m ;所述除雾区的高度不大于7.5mο
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