CN105147356A

CN105147356A - Electrostatic atomization inner-cooling grinding head

Info

Publication number: CN105147356A
Application number: CN201510604803.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨敏; 李长河; 张彦彬; 李本凯; 王要刚; 郭树明
Original assignee: Qingdao University of Technology
Current assignee: Qingdao University of Technology
Priority date: 2015-09-21
Filing date: 2015-09-21
Publication date: 2015-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-21
Also published as: CN105147356B

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrostatic atomization inner-cooling grinding head which comprises a main shaft, an electrostatic atomization film forming structure and an inner-cooling grinding structure, wherein the electrostatic atomization film forming structure is sleeved on the outer side of the inner-cooling grinding structure, and a jet orifice of the electrostatic atomization film forming structure is arranged towards the grinding head. The electrostatic atomization inner-cooling grinding head is an integrated device of an inner-cooling grinding tool and an electrostatic atomization film forming device, and the electrostatic atomization inner-cooling grinding tool and the electrostatic atomization film forming device are in a complete set of cylindrical structures, so that cooling liquid can be fully atomized, and the distribution of liquid drops of the cooling liquid can be controlled, so that the temperature of a grinding area is effectively reduced, and medical auxiliary materials can be sprayed to a ground wound surface in time through the electrostatic atomization film forming device while bone grinding is carried out. The electrostatic atomization film-forming device is also provided with a telescopic sleeve structure, and the position of the electrostatic atomization film-forming nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the telescopic sleeve structure, so that atomization film-forming protection treatment on a grinding wound surface is realized.

Description

Cold grinding head in a kind of electrostatic atomization

Technical field

The present invention relates to medical instruments field, be specifically related to cold grinding head in a kind of electrostatic atomization.

Background technology

Bone grinding is a requisite program that is neural and bone surgery, and osteopathia reason removed by conventional high-speed micro emery wheel clinically.But high-speed grinding produces a large amount of heat, cause the hot injury of osteonecrosis and surrounding tissue, also have a certain impact to the coagulation function of tissue, in clinical, conventional normal saline does the generation that liquid coolant reduces heat.Because can not determine temperature thus the degree of hot injury can not be controlled in grinding process, Grinding heat injury obtained clinical in the concern of generally acknowledging.The people such as Kondo point out, under the cast-type normal saline type of cooling, the thermogenetic maximum temperature of grinding still can reach 43 DEG C, and during higher than 43 DEG C, optic nerve will sustain damage, and can cause blind time serious.The maximum temperature that human body different parts, different tissues can bear is also different, and such as, when temperature is higher than marginal value 50 DEG C, bone there will be hot injury in various degree, and from 43 DEG C, nerve just starts to occur hot injury.Relate to bone grinding, face paralysis and femur head necrosis are also ubiquitous problems in bone surgery.Therefore, in bone grinding operation, the control of temperature is directly connected to the success or failure of operation.

The type of cooling conventional in clinical is at present drip irrigation type cooling, namely drips normal saline to grinding area in grinding process.Cast-type can be adopted to cool when needing worn osteopathia example more and pathological changes is in the wealthy position of wider field of view, namely pouring into a mould a large amount of normal saline to grinding area, to improve grinding area exchange capability of heat.In field of machining, in grinding, micro lubricating (MinimumQuantityLubrication is called for short MQL) technology is the focus of current research.But Minimal Quantity Lubrication Technology exists the shortcoming of cooling performance deficiency, its application is made to have larger limitation.A certain proportion of nanoparticle is added in micro lubricating base oil, improve the exchange capability of heat of jet entirety, improve oil film enters people sight line at the nanoparticle jet micro lubricating (Nano-particlejetMinimumQuantityLubrication is called for short Nano-MQL) of the lubricant effect of grinding area simultaneously.So-called nanoparticle refers in three-dimensional dimension the ultra-fine minute solid particles having at least one dimension size to be less than 100nm.Nanoparticle jet micro lubricating, on the basis of micro lubricating, adds nanoscale solids particle in grinding fluid, nanoparticle, lubricating fluid is mixed with compressed air after being atomized, spraying into grinding area with the form of jet carrying out cooling and lubricating.Theoretical based on solid enhanced heat exchange, utilize solids heat conductivity much larger than the advantage of liquids and gases, under identical particle volume content, the surface area of nanoparticle and thermal capacity are much larger than millimeter or micron-sized solids, and the capacity of heat transmission forming nano-fluid after being mixed with grinding fluid by nanoparticle will increase considerably.

Aerosol cooling and the cooling of nano-fluid aerosol all need special nozzle to make liquid coolant or nano-fluid atomization, traditional atomizer is pneumatic nozzle, is injected into grinding area after namely utilizing gas circuit and fluid path that compressed air and liquid coolant or nano-fluid are fully mixed with the form of atomized drop through jet expansion.But the atomizing effect of pneumatic nozzle is good not enough, and arbitrarily swim in ambient air from the drop of nozzle ejection.The people such as Jia Dongzhou analyze the pluses and minuses of traditional, pneumatic atomizer, invent a kind of electrostatic atomization nozzle, namely electrostatic atomization principle is utilized to be atomized further compressed air and liquid coolant or nano-fluid on the basis of pneumatic nebulization, utilize electrostatic elements of the electric charge in the crystal exterior by the droplets of ejection simultaneously, directed to workpiece movable under the effect of electric field force by charged drop, thus realize the controlled of droplet distribution.

Due to the high-speed rotation of grinding tool in bone grinding process, airflow barrier hinders grinding fluid and effectively enters grinding area.The effective cooling liquid that can enter grinding area during drip irrigation type and cast-type cool is few, and the effective discharge rate of aerosol and the cooling of nano-fluid aerosol neither be ideal.The development appearing as small-sized cryosurgery apparatus of phase-change heat-exchange technology brings hope.Phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique is made up of a hollow axle, can be divided into evaporator section, and adiabatic section and condensation segment have initial vacuum in its cavity, and are filled with appropriate working solution.When rotating speed is enough high, working solution rotates with bistrique and covers on the internal face of bistrique internal cavity, forms an annular liquid film.When bistrique works, grinding area is heated, and the working solution at this place will evaporate, thinning of liquid film, and the steam of generation will flow to the other end of bistrique.Steam is released heat at condensation end and is condensed into liquid, and liquid film is thickened.Condensed fluid turns back to fire end along internal face under the effect of centrifugal force component.The backflow of evaporation so continuously, vapor flow, condensation and liquid, delivers to condensation segment heat from fire end.The people such as Chen Xu, by the evaluation of the isothermal performance to phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, startability and the heat-transfer capability of self, demonstrate feasibility and the heat-transfer effect of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique design.

The performance of bistrique abrasive particle also has a significant impact grinding temperature.In order to suppress grinding area heat production, Toshiyuki normal diamond bistrique, with SiO ₂diamond grinding head and with TiO ₂diamond grinding head, by carrying out grinding experiment discovery to bulls bone, compared with normal diamond bistrique, with SiO ₂diamond grinding head initially slightly can reduce grinding temperature and grinding moment of torsion in grinding, then after a certain time, grinding temperature has exceeded threshold value, and occurs the surface loading the same with during the grinding of normal diamond bistrique.But due to micron order TiO ₂the hydrophilic of granule, with TiO ₂diamond grinding head significantly reduce grinding temperature.

Interior cold mode is also a kind of conventional type of cooling in drilling and mechanical grinding processing.Liquid coolant is directly delivered to cutting region by hole cold in drill bit or emery wheel by it, thus effectively reduces cutting temperature.

Through retrieval, the existing patent No. is the Medical surgical six degree of freedom automatic regulating machine mechanical arm grinding clamping device of ZL201310277636.6, and it is high that this device discloses a kind of control accuracy, effectively can avoid the technology of the mechanical damage to cerebral tissue.This mechanical arm grinding clamping device has 3 rotations, 3 movements amount to 6 degree of freedom, the skull surgical procedures of free-position can be realized, solve the problem that traditional hand held surgical device work space is large, operation technique difficulty is high, procedure efficiency is low, meeting bring unnecessary additional injury to patient.This device mainly operates by the operating theater instruments of advanced person, with six degree of freedom automatic regulating machine mechanical arm and the clamping device being arranged on mechanical arm front end, at therapeutic effect, palliates the agonizing sufferings, the restore cycle, has clear superiority in medical treatment cost etc.But this device does not have the checkout gear of grinding temperature, thus the change of temperature in grinding process can not be controlled.

The patent No. is the surgical operation skull grinding temperature on-line checkingi of ZL201310030327.9 and controlled hand-held grinding device, disclose a kind of acoustic emission signal by the grinding of monitoring bone and adjust grinding wheel speed, reduce the grinding temperature in grinding bone process, thus effectively avoid the technology of the hot injury to cerebral tissue.Be provided with calibrate AE sensor at emery wheel and housing junction, the acoustic emission signal during bone grinding detected by signal analysis and processing mould reception calibrate AE sensor, is judged whether to occur overheat condition, is controlled the rotating speed of direct current generator by feedback device.But sound wave can not penetrate osseous tissue, also have obvious loss when organizing through gassiness, thus affect the treatment.In addition, this device does not carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the speed of emery wheel and moment of torsion, can not feedback control to load suffered by effective removal situation of pathology bone and emery wheel.

The patent No. is the multiple degrees of freedom skull surgical operation grinding experiment platform of ZL201420565334.9, comprises lubricating system with trace amount, 3-dimensional freedom platform, electro spindle rotary apparatus, electro spindle, grinding force measuring device and grinding temperature measuring device.Utilize the thermocouple of three stepped distributions accurately to measure grinding temperature, utilize grinding dynamometer to measure grinding force, provide guidance by analysis design mothod data to clinical practice.But in clinical bone grinding operation, the difference of operative region, the difference of liquid coolant and the type of cooling, whether doctor's operating experience is abundant all can cause difference that is actual and theory.

Existing device does not all consider the process to wound surface after bone grinding.When diseased region is in broader position, the mode of artificial wrapping can be adopted to prevent wound infection.But when diseased region is in the more complicated position of body structures, such as in basis cranii cerebroma excising operation, due to the complexity of basis cranii structure and the narrow of operative space, after operation terminates, also do not have effective mode to process wound.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention, exactly for solving the problem, provides cold grinding head in a kind of electrostatic atomization.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Cold grinding head in a kind of electrostatic atomization, comprise main shaft, electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure and interior cold grinding structure, electrostatic atomization film forming structure installment is on main shaft, and electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to be linked in the outside of interior cold grinding structure, and electrostatic atomization becomes the jet of membrane structure to arrange towards bistrique.

Preferably, described main shaft is sheathed with the fixed jacket be fixedly installed.Described main shaft is Mohs main shaft.

Preferred further, connected by taper roll bearing assembly between described main shaft and fixed jacket.

Because when practical operation, this grinding attachment and horizontal plane will have a certain degree, interior cold grinding-head handle will bear the power of axial and radial both direction, Mohs main shaft also will bear the power of axial and radial both direction thus, therefore this device adopts taper roll bearing, and two taper roll bearings are located by end cap and sleeve, fixed jacket and sleeve respectively.Bearing two ends adopt sealing ring sealing to prevent lubricating oil leakage of oil.End cap is fixed on fixed jacket by screw and pad, and pad can adjust the axial location of bearing clearance, play and axle.

Preferably, described interior cold grinding structure is cold grinding structure in electrostatic atomization, comprise bistrique, wire contiguous block, high-tension electricity conversion equipment and power supply, the grinding-head handle of described bistrique is fixed in main shaft, wire contiguous block is fixed on main shaft, described high-tension electricity conversion equipment is linked in the outside of grinding-head handle, and be fixedly installed, wire contiguous block is flexibly connected with high-tension electricity conversion equipment, high-tension electricity conversion equipment is connected with power supply, arrange interior cold hole in grinding-head handle, bistrique and grinding-head handle are run through in interior cold hole, and wire contiguous block is connected with interior cold hole by wire.

Preferably, described interior cold hole is Double helix duct.In grinding process, compressed air, liquid coolant or nano-fluid are directly injected to grinding area after accelerating in two threaded hole, thus can effectively reduce grinding area temperature, and wash away abrasive dust, extend cutter life.

Preferably, main shaft is provided with grinding-head handle clamping body, it is inner that grinding-head handle is arranged on grinding-head handle clamping body.

Main shaft rotates, and drive grinding-head handle clamping body to rotate, and high-tension electricity conversion equipment is fixed on fixed jacket, is also fixed.Roller and wire contiguous block are one, and rotate in the inner groovy of high-tension electricity conversion equipment, realize high-tension electricity thus by the transmission of the high-tension electricity outer conductor fixed to the high-tension electricity inside conductor rotated.Because when corona discharge, the discharge inception voltage of negative corona discharge is low, and breakdown voltage is high, and high-tension electricity conversion equipment is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C, makes liquid charged.

Preferably, described interior cold grinding structure is phase-change heat-exchange type grinding structure, comprises bistrique and grinding-head handle, phase-change heat-exchange type chiller is set in grinding-head handle, phase-change heat-exchange type chiller comprises evaporator section, adiabatic end and condensation segment, and evaporator section is installed near bistrique, and condensation segment is installed away from bistrique.

Preferred further, the interior cone angle of described evaporator section is less than 90 °, and condensation segment arranges fin.

When rotating speed is enough high, nano-fluid rotates with bistrique and covers on the internal face of bistrique internal cavity, forms an annular liquid film.During bistrique work, grinding area is heated, and the nano-fluid base fluid at this place will evaporate, thinning of liquid film, and the steam of generation will flow to another section of bistrique internal cavity.Steam is released heat at condensation segment and is condensed into liquid, and liquid film is thickened.Condensed fluid turns back to bringing-up section along internal face under the effect of centrifugal force component.The backflow of evaporation so continuously, vapor flow, condensation and liquid, delivers to condensation segment heat from bringing-up section.Interior cone angle a mono-aspect of nano-fluid phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique internal cavity plays flow-disturbing to nano-fluid and does in order to destroy the formation of boundary region or fully to develop, thus enhanced heat exchange, realize the backflow of nano-fluid base fluid on the other hand.

Preferably, described electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to comprise syringe pump, is arranged on the electrode of syringe pump inside and is arranged on the jet of the syringe pump port of export, described electrode is connected with electrostatic generator negative pole and positive pole respectively with workpiece power-up device, the plunger of syringe pump is connected with motor, and jet vertically arranges or is obliquely installed towards bistrique.Electrode can be one or more.

Preferably, the plunger seal of syringe pump is arranged.

Electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to be spinning medium is atomized into drop final curing to become fiber and the device of film forming.

The pressure chamber becoming the syringe pump of membrane structure and plunger to form in electrostatic atomization is built with medical dressing, and plunger is connected with motor by wire placing trough, and there is sealing ring plunger outer ring.There is electrode discs the bottom of syringe pump, and electrode discs is fixed on syringe pump by four screws.Electrode discs, by two electrodes, is connected with the negative pole of HV generator by wire placing trough, makes liquid charged.By electrostatic spinning structural adjustment to proper height, control system sends movement instruction back-plunger and moves down, to the thrust that pressure chamber is constant continuously, medical dressing is expressed on jet with fixed rate, forms drop and hang on spout under its gravity, oneself viscosity and capillary synergism.Regulate applied voltage to make it reach appropriate voltage, drop just can spray from jet with the form of jet.When jet is stretched to a certain degree, will bends and further divide stretching phenomenon, now because the specific surface area of jet increases rapidly, solvent being volatilized fast, be finally collected on collecting net and solidify to form the fiber felt of non-woven cloth-like.This device can arrange one or more jet.When practical operation, make display lamp towards the direction of feed of grinding, the fiber namely allowing jet spray drops on the wound after grinding.

Described electrostatic atomization structure, wire contiguous block has two wires to pass into the interior cold hole of interior cold grinding-head handle.Mohs main shaft rotates and drives grinding-head handle clamping body to rotate by flat key, and high-tension electricity conversion equipment is fixed on fixed jacket by pad and screw, is also fixed.Roller and wire contiguous block are one and rotate in the inner groovy of high-tension electricity conversion equipment, realize high-tension electricity thus by the transmission of the high-tension electricity outer conductor fixed to the high-tension electricity inside conductor rotated.High-tension electricity conversion equipment is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C with wire by wire placing trough, makes liquid charged.The positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C is connected with workpiece power-up device and passes through ground connection.

Preferably, in described electrostatic atomization, cold grinding head also comprises telescopic sleeve structure, telescopic sleeve structure comprises hand-screw cover and push pedal, hand-screw cover is movably arranged on fixed jacket, hand-screw cover is connected with the threaded one end of push pedal, fixed jacket is provided with the groove for being carried out engaging by the other end of push pedal, in inside grooves, be provided with elastic fluid between push pedal and fixed jacket, syringe pump is connected with push pedal.

Preferred further, described push pedal is Split type structure, comprise push pedal body and push pedal contiguous block, push pedal body is threaded between overlapping with hand-screw, push pedal body is connected with push pedal contiguous block, fixed jacket is provided with the groove for engaging push pedal contiguous block, in inside grooves, push pedal contiguous block is connected with elastic fluid between fixed jacket, preferred spring.

Preferred further, connected by ball between push pedal body and push pedal contiguous block, ball is arranged in the passage of hand-screw cover and fixed jacket formation.

The operation principle of telescopic sleeve structure is:

Hand-screw cover is fixed on fixed jacket by the groove on fixed jacket, and push pedal and hand-screw cover are threaded connection.Hand-screw cover outer surface has anti-slip veins, prevents from skidding when rotating hand-screw cover.Turn clockwise hand-screw cover, and push pedal just can be threaded connection and move down, and promote ball and roll downwards, then promotion push pedal and push pedal contiguous block move down successively.Push pedal contiguous block and syringe pump are connected by screw, and therefore promote syringe pump and move down.Because fixed jacket is motionless in the vertical direction, when push pedal contiguous block moves down, spring just can compress.When being rotated counterclockwise hand-screw cover, the pressure suffered by spring reduces, and also promotion push pedal contiguous block, push pedal, ball move up or roll spring elongates successively.Realize the flexible of tube-in-tube structure thus.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1, in electrostatic atomization of the present invention, cold grinding head is a kind of interior cold grinding tool and electrostatic atomization film forming integrating device, in electrostatic atomization, cold grinding tool becomes telescoping structure with electrostatic atomization film formation device, liquid coolant can not only be made fully to be atomized and to make liquid coolant droplet distribution controlled, thus effectively reduce grinding area temperature, the wound surface after medical accessory can also being sprayed to grinding in time by electrostatic atomization film formation device while bone grinding.

2, the present invention is also provided with telescopic sleeve structure, by the adjustment to telescopic sleeve structure, can regulate the position of electrostatic atomization film forming nozzle, realize the atomization film forming conservation treatment to grinding wound face.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is high-speed grinding surgical experiments platform axle mapping;

Fig. 2 is linear three-axis platform rear axle mapping;

Fig. 3 is X-axis protection box front view;

Fig. 4 is workbench front view;

Fig. 5 is X-axis structural defence box side view;

Fig. 6 is electro spindle and dynamometer installation site front view;

Fig. 7 is dynamometer axonometric drawing;

Fig. 8 is temperature measuring equipment scheme of installation;

Fig. 9 is the liquid-way system sketch of the first and the second embodiment;

Figure 10 is fluid path and the gas circuit system schematic of the third and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Figure 11 is the sectional view of the third and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Figure 12 is the fundamental diagram of the 5th kind of embodiment;

Figure 13 is the sectional view of the 5th kind of embodiment;

Figure 14 is the hermetically-sealed construction enlarged drawing of the 5th kind of embodiment;

Figure 15 (a) is the structural representation of the 6th kind of embodiment;

Figure 15 (b) is the enlarged drawing of mark in Figure 15 (a);

Figure 16 is the fundamental diagram of the 7th kind of embodiment;

Figure 17 is the half sectional view of the 7th kind of embodiment;

Figure 18 is the sectional view of the 7th kind of embodiment telescopic sleeve structure;

Figure 19 (a) is the sectional view that the 7th kind of embodiment electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure;

Figure 19 (b) is the sectional view of Figure 19 (a) along A-A direction;

Figure 20 is that the 7th kind of embodiment electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure nozzle angle schematic diagram;

Figure 21 is cold grinding structure sectional view in the 7th kind of embodiment electrostatic atomization;

Figure 22 is that the 7th kind of embodiment hermetically-sealed construction is analysed and observe and liquid coolant flows to schematic diagram;

Figure 23 is the 7th kind of embodiment electrostatic atomization structure sectional view;

Figure 24 is the 7th kind of embodiment electrostatic atomization and electrostatic atomization film forming structural circuit system block diagram;

Figure 25 (a) is the interior cold hole schematic diagram of cold grinding structure in the 7th kind of embodiment;

Figure 25 (b) is the internal structure schematic diagram of cold grinding structure in the 7th kind of embodiment.

Wherein, 1-Z spindle guide bar, 2-vertical rod guide rail, 3-X axle decelerator, 4-control system, 5-X spindle motor, 6-base I, 7-data connecting line I, 8-thermocouple data acquisition unit, 9-data connecting line II, 10-thermocouple, 11-dynamometer data acquisition unit, 12-dynamometer signal transmssion line, 13-screw I, 14-Y axial filament thick stick seat, 15-screw II, 16-Y spindle guide pole socket, 17-base II, 18-screw III, 19-corner connector, 20-workbench I, 21-workbench bolt, 22-dynamometer I, 23-electro spindle fixture, 24-X spindle guide bar, 25-X axial filament thick stick, 26-Z spindle motor, 27-electro spindle cooling liquid inlet, 28-electro spindle, 29-electro spindle cooling liquid outlet, 30-Z axle decelerator, 31-X axle protection box, 32-protects box, 33-Z axial filament thick stick, 34-Y spindle motor, 35-Y axle decelerator, 36-Y axial filament thick stick, 37-Y spindle guide bar, 38-bistrique I, 39-bone sample, 40-ring block, 41-screw IV, 42-screw V, 43-dynamometer base, 44-screw VI, 45-flat board I, 46-pressing plate, 47-bolt I, 48-nut I, 49-pad I, 50-screw VII, 51-flat board II, 52-block, 53-screw VIII, 54-choke valve I, 55-pressure regulator valve I, 56-hydraulic pump I, 57-fluid reservoir I, 58-overflow valve I, 59-collection box I, 60-turbine flowmeter I, 61-choke valve II, 62-turbine flowmeter II, 63-choke valve III, 64-pressure regulator valve II, 65-air accumulator, 66-Pressure gauge, 67-filter, 68-air compressor, 69-pressure regulator valve III, 70-hydraulic pump II, 71-fluid reservoir II, 72-overflow valve II, 73-collection box II, 74-reservoir channel joint, 75-gas injection channel connector, 76-passage, 77-nozzle body, 78-minor air cell, 79-accelerating chamber, 80-ventilates hole wall, 81-mixing chamber, 82-grinding-head handle I, 83-bolt II, 84-nut II, 85-sleeve I, 86-sleeve II, 87-bistrique matrix, 88-taper cone barrel, 89-abrasive particle I, 90-fin I, 91-fin II, 92-fin III, 93-pad II, 94-spirotallic gasket, 95-outer annular-stiffer, 96-filler, reinforcing ring in 97-, 98-grinding-head handle II, 99-bistrique II, 100-abrasive particle II, 101-micron order TiO ₂, 102-HV generator, 103-syringe pump I, 104-spinning medium I, 105-metal electrode, 106-jet, 107-dash receiver, 108-Mohs main shaft, 109-sealing ring I, 110-screw Ⅸ, 111-pad III, 112-taper roll bearing I, 113-sleeve III, 114-rotating seal ring I, 115-fixed jacket, 116-rotating seal ring II, 117-hand-screw cover, 118-push pedal I, 119-sleeve IV, 120-ball, 121-taper roll bearing II, 122-push pedal II, 123-sealing ring II, 124-spring, 125-syringe pump II, cold hole in 126-, 127-chuck, 128-locking nut, 129-adjustable high voltage D. C, 130-workpiece power-up device, 131-workbench II, 132-dynamometer II, 133-workpiece, cold grinding head in 134-, 135-display lamp, cold grinding-head handle in 136-, 137-rotating seal ring III, 138-anti-slip veins, 139-locating shaft, 140-pad IV, 141-end cap, 142-push pedal contiguous block, 143-screw Ⅹ, 144-wire placing trough I, 145-wire I, 146-earth lead, 147-wire placing trough II, 148-jet, 149-spinning medium II, 150-electrode, 151-electrode discs, 152-sealing ring III, 153-plunger, 154-screw Ⅺ, 155-flat key, 156-wire II, 157-wire placing trough III, 158-grinding-head handle clamping body, 159-wire III, 160-wire IV, 161-pad V, 162-screw Ⅻ, 163-pad VI, 164-screw Ⅹ III, 165-wire contiguous block, 166-roller, 167-high-tension electricity conversion equipment, 168-pressure chamber, 169-cross-drilled hole, 170-vertical holes, 171-cooling liquid inlet.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, seven kinds of embodiments of the present invention are elaborated:

The all embodiment of the present invention is all implement on the high-speed grinding surgical experiments platform shown in Fig. 1.This experiment porch forms primarily of linear three-axis platform (as shown in Figure 2), electro spindle 28, dynamometer I 22, thermocouple 10 and control system 4.Linear three-axis platform comprises X-axis structure, Y-axis structure and Z axis structure.X-axis structure protects box 31 to form by X-axis motor 5, X-axis decelerator 3, X-axis leading screw 25, X-axis guide rod 24 and X-axis, and X-axis leading screw 25 is connected with X-axis motor 5 by X-axis decelerator 3; X-axis guide rod 24 is 1 or 2, and X-axis guide rod 24 is parallel to X-axis leading screw 25 and arranges.When the number of X-axis guide rod 24 is 2,2 X-axis guide rods 24 are set in parallel in the both sides of X-axis leading screw 25 respectively.Y-axis structure is made up of y-axis motor 34, Y-axis decelerator 35, Y-axis leading screw 36, Y-axis leading screw seat 14, screw I 13, Y-axis guide rod 37, Y-axis guide rod seat 16, screw II 15; Z axis is made up of Z axis motor 26, Z axis decelerator 30, Z axis leading screw 33, Z axis guide rod 1 and electro spindle fixture 23.

After control system 4 sends X-axis movement instruction, X-axis motor 5 obtains electric operation, after X-axis decelerator 3 slows down, drive X-axis leading screw 25 to operate.X-axis leading screw 25 and X-axis guide rod 24 protect the through hole of box 31 bottom surface with one heart (as shown in Figure 3) respectively with X-axis, the two ends of X-axis leading screw 25, X-axis guide rod 24 are arranged in the through hole of vertical rod guide rail 2 respectively.Drive X-axis protection box 31 along X-direction translation when X-axis leading screw 25 rotates, X-axis guide rod 24 can prevent X-axis from protecting box 31 that deflection occurs.Y-axis leading screw 36 and Y-axis guide rod 37 are arranged on (as shown in Figure 4) in the through hole of workbench I 20 bottom surface respectively, and Z axis leading screw 33 and Z axis guide rod 1 are arranged in the through hole being arranged on X-axis protection box about 31 two ends (as shown in Figure 5) respectively.

The same X-axis of movement mechanism of Y-axis and Z axis, the movement mechanism of Y-axis is, y-axis motor 34 starts, and after being slowed down, drives Y-axis leading screw 36 to rotate, drive workbench I 20 along Y-axis leading screw 36 translation by Y-axis decelerator 35.The movement mechanism of Z axis is, Z axis motor 26 starts, and after Z axis decelerator 30 slows down, drives Z axis leading screw 33 to rotate, and then drives electro spindle fixture 23 along Z axis leading screw 33 translation.The two ends of Y-axis leading screw 36 are fixed on base II 17 by Y-axis leading screw seat 14 and screw I 13, and the two ends of Y-axis guide rod 37 are fixed on base II 17 by Y-axis guide rod seat 16 and screw II 15.Base I 6 and base II 17 to be connected with screw III 18 by corner connector 19 and to fix, and base I 6 is arranged on the upper end of base II 17.Protection box 32 can prevent dust and iron filings to the damage of linear three-axis platform, thus extends its life-span, brings aesthetic feeling to linear three-axis platform simultaneously.When needs clamping on workbench I 20 does not have magnetic workpiece, fix this workpiece by workbench bolt 21 by special fixture.

Figure 6 shows that electro spindle 28 and dynamometer I 22 installation site front view.Bistrique I 38 clamping is on electro spindle 28, and the centrage of electro spindle 28 is vertical with bone sample 39 surface to be ground.The type of cooling of electro spindle 28 is water-cooled, and liquid coolant is injected from electro spindle cooling liquid inlet 27, flows out after the circulation of electro spindle 28 inside from electro spindle cooling liquid outlet 29.The installation way of bone sample 39 on dynamometer I 22 as shown in Figure 7.Former and later two dynamometer bases 43 are fixed grinding dynamometer I 22 and are clamped with screw V 42 and screw VI 44, and the material properties of two bases 43 is can magnetic conductive metal.After opening the workbench I 20 of 3-dimensional freedom platform, workbench I 20 magnetizes and the base 43 of grinding dynamometer I 22 can be made to be adsorbed on workbench I 20.

Ring block 40 is fixed on the workbench of grinding dynamometer I 22, is placed on by bone sample 39 on the workbench of grinding dynamometer I 22, and the six-freedom degree of bone sample 39 just can realize locating completely by the workbench of ring block 40 and grinding dynamometer I 22.The Y direction of bone sample 39 uses two screws VIII 53 to clamp, and in the X-direction of bone sample, uses screw IV 41 pairs of bone samples 39 to clamp.Block 52 one side and bone sample 39 contacts side surfaces, one side contacts with two screws VIII 53, tightens screw VIII 53 and block 52 is clamped in the Y-direction of bone sample 39.Bone sample 39 adopts three pressing plates 46 to clamp in z-direction, and three pressing plates 46 form self-regulation pressing plate by flat board I 45, flat board II 51, pad I 49 and bolt I 47, nut I 48, and dull and stereotyped II 51 are fixed on block 52 by screw VII 50.When bone sample 39 length, width and height three sizes change, equip adjustable by two screws, IV 41, two screws VIII 53 and three pressing plate 46 realizations, meet the change in size requirement of bone sample 39.Block 52 screw VII 50 and screw VIII 53 clamp.When bone sample 39 is subject to grinding force, measuring-signal passes to dynamometer data acquisition unit 11 through dynamometer signal transmssion line 12, passes to control system 4 and show the size of grinding force by data connecting line II 9.

It is temperature measuring equipment scheme of installation shown in Fig. 8.Bone sample 39 center holes drilled through and at bottom surface recessing, to draw thermocouple 10.The top of thermocouple 10 flushes with the surface to be ground of sample 39.When bistrique I 38 is with angular velocity omega, feed speed v _s, grinding depth a _pwhen being ground to thermocouple, thermocouple 10 top a _psegment length is worn, and measuring-signal passes to control system 4 through thermocouple data acquisition unit 8 and data connecting line I 7 and also shows the temperature recorded.Bone grinding temperature can be obtained thus.

The first embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 9, is the liquid-way system sketch of the drip irrigation type of cooling conventional in clinical Orthopeadic Surgery grinding operation.As shown in Figure 9, this fluid path is connected to form successively by fluid reservoir I 57, hydraulic pump I 56, pressure regulator valve I 55, choke valve I 54.In fluid reservoir I 57, normal saline is housed, the normal saline in fluid reservoir I 57 is extracted out by hydraulic pump I 56, then enters nozzle through pressure regulator valve I 55 and choke valve I 54.Wherein overflow valve I 58 and collection box I 59 form Protection path.Because the cooling liquid speed of the drip irrigation type of cooling is very little, hydraulic pump I 56 adopts variable frequency pump, by regulating its pressure to control its flow, to obtain desirable flow velocity.

The second embodiment of the present invention is cast-type cooling, and its cooling liquid speed is much larger compared with drip irrigation type cooling, and except the pressure of hydraulic pump is different from the first embodiment, other design is all identical with the first embodiment.

The third embodiment of the present invention is aerosol cooling, and nozzle used is pneumatic nozzle.Be its fluid path and gas circuit system schematic shown in Figure 10, can illustrate in conjunction with Figure 11 and the principle that aerosol cools be made up of fluid path, gas circuit and nozzle.As shown in Figure 10, fluid reservoir II 71 is equipped with normal saline, and pressure-air and normal saline are in nozzle body 77 (Figure 11) internal mix.Described gas circuit is connected to form successively by air compressor 68, filter 67, air accumulator 65, pressure regulator valve II 64, choke valve III 63, turbine flowmeter II 62, and described fluid path is connected to form successively by fluid reservoir II 71, hydraulic pump II 70, pressure regulator valve III 69, choke valve II 61, turbine flowmeter I 60.During work, primer fluid press pump II 70, the normal saline be stored in fluid reservoir II 71 enters into the reservoir channel joint 74 of nozzle through fluid pressure regulator valve III 69, flow restriction valve II 61 and turbine flowmeter I 60.Overflow valve II 72 plays the effect of relief valve, and when the pressure in fluid path exceedes set pressure, overflow valve II 72 is opened, and normal saline is flow back in collection box II 73 through overflow valve II 72.While primer fluid press pump II 70, start air compressor 68, gases at high pressure enter into the gas injection channel connector 75 of nozzle through filter 67, air accumulator 65, gas pressure regulating valve II 64, gas throttling valve III 63 and turbine flowmeter II 62, and the force value in gas circuit monitored by Pressure gauge 66.The passage 76 of gases at high pressure distribution in ventilation hole wall 80 enters mixing chamber 81, with from the abundant mixed aerosol in nozzle mixing chamber 81 of the normal saline in reservoir channel joint 74, minor air cell 78 is entered after accelerating chamber 79 accelerates, make gases at high pressure and normal saline mix further and accelerate, be injected into grinding area with the form of atomized drop through jet expansion.By regulating pressure regulator valve, choke valve and the effusion meter in gas circuit and fluid path, the pressure of normal saline and gases at high pressure, flow can reach optimum micro lubricating effect as required.

4th kind of embodiment of the present invention is the cooling of nano-fluid aerosol.Its liquid coolant used is the nano-fluid that normal saline and nanoparticle are made, and in addition its principle is all identical with the third embodiment with design.Nanoparticle can adopt hydroxyapatite, and it is the main inorganic composition of people and animal skeleton, tooth, and have excellent biocompatibility and biological activity, can be formed with the hard and soft tissue of human body after implant into body and combine closely, be the bone grafting succedaneum of extensive use.After in its implant into body bone, grow in osteocyte and collagen fiber hole therein, its strength and stiffness can increase gradually, finally become a part for live body bone.Research shows, the growth of hydroxyapatite nano particle to multiple cancerous cell such as hepatocarcinoma, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma has inhibitory action in various degree.Therefore, in bone grinding process, the liquid coolant containing hydroxyapatite nano particle is sprayed to the contact area of focus and grinding tool, first ensure that it is to human body absolute safety, due to its thermal conductivity ratio gas and liquid high, auxiliary temperature-reducing effect can also be played.Make hydroxyapatite natural degradation in human body after operation process terminates, hydroxyapatite can also be utilized the generation again of the inhibitory action prophylaxis of tumours of growth of cancer cells.

5th kind of embodiment of the present invention is a kind of nano-fluid phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, Figure 12 is its fundamental diagram, as shown in the figure, nano-fluid phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique is made up of a hollow axle, evaporator section can be divided into, adiabatic section and condensation segment, have initial vacuum in its cavity, and be filled with appropriate nano-fluid.When rotating speed is enough high, nano-fluid rotates with bistrique and covers on the internal face of bistrique internal cavity, forms an annular liquid film.During bistrique work, grinding area is heated, and the nano-fluid base fluid at this place will evaporate, thinning of liquid film, and the steam of generation will flow to another section (i.e. condensation segment) of bistrique internal cavity.Steam is released heat at condensation segment and is condensed into liquid, and liquid film is thickened.Condensed fluid turns back to bringing-up section along internal face under the effect of centrifugal force component.The backflow of evaporation so continuously, vapor flow, condensation and liquid, delivers to condensation segment heat from bringing-up section.Interior cone angle a mono-aspect of nano-fluid phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique internal cavity plays flow-disturbing to nano-fluid and does in order to destroy the formation of boundary region or fully to develop, thus enhanced heat exchange, realize the backflow of nano-fluid base fluid on the other hand.But the bad processing of cone angle in directly processing in bistrique matrix 87.As shown in figure 13, with the hole of bit drills certain size in bistrique matrix 87, reprocessing an inner surface is conical taper cone barrel 88, the bottom of taper cone barrel 88 is against in drill bit forming face, and the two is interference fit, and the top of taper cone barrel 88 is processed into stepped, the bottom of grinding-head handle I 82 is also processed into stepped, the two is connected with nut II 84 with bolt II 83, and seals with pad II 93, to strengthen the reliability of sealing.As shown in Figure 14 enlarged drawing, seal with spirotallic gasket 94 between bistrique matrix 87 and grinding-head handle I 82.Spirotallic gasket 94 comprises outer annular-stiffer 95, filler 96 and interior reinforcing ring 97, the sealing function that filler 96 is main, and outer annular-stiffer 95 has the effect of location in installation process, and interior reinforcing ring 97 can improve the withstand voltage properties of pad.Inner and outer ring can improve the resilience force of pad, prevents pad conquassation, in case seal failure.Dual-seal is carried out, to reach " zero leakage " of nano-fluid in grinding process with pad II 93 and spirotallic gasket 94 pairs of working chambers.Fin I 90, fin II 91, fin III 92 can increase area of dissipation, improve heat transfer efficiency.Bistrique matrix 87 is processed the shaft shoulder to position fin 90,91,92, sleeve I 85, sleeve II 86 can prevent fin play.Abrasive particle I 89 is electroplated on bistrique matrix 87.In the course of the work, the inwall of taper cone barrel 88 is as the evaporator section of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, fin is as condensation segment, the heat produced in bone grinding process is by abrasive particle I 89, then bistrique matrix 87 is passed to rapidly, the inwall of taper cone barrel 88 is passed to again by bistrique matrix 87, the i.e. evaporator section of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, the nano-fluid base fluid carburation by evaporation of evaporator section, steam flows to condensation segment releasing heat and condenses into liquid under small pressure reduction, liquid flows back to evaporator section under the influence of centrifugal force, completes a cycle of operation.Circulation like this, incessantly to reduce the temperature of grinding area, is avoided causing secondary injury to human body.Table 1, table 2 list the nano-fluid base fluid being applicable to this device, and it is at room temperature liquid, just can flash to gas when grinding reaches uniform temperature, and table 3 lists the heat conductivity of conventional nanoparticle.Nano-fluid mass fraction is generally 2%-8%, a certain proportion of nanoparticle is added in base fluid, forms nanoparticle suspension, then according to kind and the physics and chemistry attribute of base fluid, add corresponding surface dispersant and be aided with ultrasound wave vibration, just can obtain suspending stabilized nano-fluid.The nano-fluid configured is put into the cavity of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, just can realize the effect reducing grinding temperature in operation process, reduce the secondary injury to patient.

The boiling point of pure substance nano-fluid base fluid commonly used by table 1

The boiling point of azeotropic mixture nano-fluid base fluid commonly used by table 2

The heat conductivity of nanoparticle commonly used by table 3

6th kind of embodiment of the present invention is a kind of hydrophilic bistrique.As shown in Figure 15 (a) He Figure 15 (b), grinding-head handle II 98 clamping, on electro spindle 28, with abrasive particle II 100 on bistrique II 99, has micron order TiO around abrasive particle II 100 ₂101.Abrasive particle II 100 and micron order TiO ₂101 are all attached on bistrique II 99 by plating mode.Due to micron order TiO ₂have hydrophilic, in the process of grinding, liquid coolant can easier be attached on abrasive particle, thus effectively strengthens the heat radiation of grinding area.

7th kind of embodiment of the present invention is cold grinding turning device in a kind of Telescopic electrostatic atomization film forming.Figure 16 is its fundamental diagram, and as shown in the figure, spinning medium I 104 is polymer solution or melt, and it is contained in syringe pump I 103, and inserts a metal electrode 105.This electrode is connected with HV generator 102, makes liquid charged.The dash receiver 107 of ground connection is as negative electrode.When electric field does not start, give the continuous constant thrust of one, piston by syringe pump I 103, the spinning medium I 104 in syringe pump I 103 is expressed on syringe needle with fixed rate.When high voltage electric field is not opened, spinning liquid forms drop and hangs on spout under its gravity, oneself viscosity and capillary synergism.When electric field is opened, polymer solution surface can produce electric charge, and electric charge repels the compression with opposite charges electrode pair surface charge mutually, all can produce a kind of power contrary with surface tension.When voltage is large not, the ejection of prevention drop is remained on nozzle place by the surface tension on drop surface.When additional voltage increases, the drop dome-type surface being about to drip will be twisted into a cone, continue to strengthen applied voltage, when the voltage exceeds some critical value, the surface tension that in solution, live part overcomes solution forms one charged injection stream and sprays from nozzle.Under the effect of electric field, when jet 106 is stretched to a certain degree, will bend and further divide stretching phenomenon, now because the specific surface area of jet 106 increases rapidly, solvent being volatilized fast, be finally collected on collecting net and solidify to form the fiber felt of non-woven cloth-like.HV generator 102 selects the high pressure of 5 ~ 20kV under normal circumstances, in addition, positive electricity is had a meeting, an audience, etc. well under one's control and is conducive to the release of fiber surface electric charge, and negative voltage field energy provides comparatively stable electric field force, and both have Different Effects to different polymeric electrostatic atomization film forming.

In Telescopic electrostatic atomization film forming described in this embodiment, the concrete structure of cold grinding turning device as shown in figure 17, and it can be divided into telescopic sleeve structure, electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure and cold grinding structure three part in electrostatic atomization.Telescopic sleeve structure is used for adjusting the distance of jet 148 apart from workpiece 133, to make nanofiber solidification also film forming on workpiece 133 smoothly.Electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to be spinning medium is atomized into drop final curing to become fiber and the device of film forming.Interior cold grinding structure is main milled portion, completes and removes the grinding of workpiece 133.

Be the sectional view of telescopic sleeve structure shown in Figure 18, hand-screw cover 117 is fixed on fixed jacket 115 by the groove on fixed jacket 115, and push pedal I 118 and hand-screw overlap 117 and be threaded connection.Hand-screw overlaps 117 outer surfaces anti-slip veins 138, prevents from rotating when hand-screw overlaps 117 skidding.The hand-screw that turns clockwise cover 117, push pedal I 118 just can be threaded connection and move down, and promote ball 120 and roll downwards, then promotion push pedal II 122 and push pedal contiguous block 142 move down successively.Push pedal contiguous block 142 is connected by screw Ⅹ 143 with syringe pump II 125, therefore promotes syringe pump II 125 and moves down.Because fixed jacket 115 is motionless in the vertical direction, when push pedal contiguous block 142 moves down, spring 124 just can compress.Spring 124 has multiple and lower end to be fixed on fixed jacket 115.When being rotated counterclockwise hand-screw and overlapping 117, the pressure suffered by spring 124 reduces, and spring 124 extends and promotion push pedal contiguous block 142, push pedal II 122, ball 120 move up or roll successively, realizes the flexible of tube-in-tube structure thus.

Shown in Figure 19 (a) He Figure 19 (b), the pressure chamber that syringe pump II 125 and plunger 153 form is built with spinning medium II 149.Plunger 153 is connected with motor by wire placing trough I 144, and there is sealing ring III 152 plunger 153 outer ring.There is electrode discs 151 bottom of syringe pump II 125, and electrode discs 151 is fixed on syringe pump II 125 by four screws Ⅺ 154.Electrode discs 151 has two electrodes 150, is connected with adjustable high voltage D. C 129 by wire placing trough II 147, makes liquid charged.Motor 150 is connected with the negative pole of wire I 145 with adjustable high voltage D. C 129 by electrode discs 151, and the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C 129 is connected with workpiece power-up device 130 and by earth lead 146 ground connection.By electrostatic spinning structural adjustment to proper height, control system sends movement instruction back-plunger 153 and moves down, to the thrust that pressure chamber is constant continuously, spinning medium II 149 is expressed on jet 148 with fixed rate, forms drop and hang on spout under its gravity, oneself viscosity and capillary synergism.Regulate applied voltage to make it reach appropriate voltage, spinning medium II 149 just can spray from jet 148 with the form of jet.When jet is stretched to a certain degree, will bends and further divide stretching phenomenon, now because the specific surface area of jet increases rapidly, solvent being volatilized fast, be finally collected on collecting net and solidify to form the fiber felt of non-woven cloth-like.This device can arrange one or more jet, and the present invention has 3.When practical operation, make display lamp 135 towards the direction of feed of grinding, the fiber namely allowing jet spray drops on the wound surface after grinding.As shown in figure 20, the inclination angle of jet 148 is α, obtains by the bottom surface rat holing at syringe pump II 125.Also suitably can reduce syringe pump II 125 inwall R value when designing, jet 148 is designed to vertical stratification.

It is cold grinding structure sectional view in electrostatic atomization shown in Figure 21.As shown in the figure, be fixed on lathe by locating shaft 139, because locating shaft 139 and fixed jacket 115 are one, fixed jacket 115 is also fixed.Mohs main shaft 108 is connected with machine tool chief axis and rotates with machine tool chief axis.As shown in figure 22, Mohs main shaft 108 is drilled with two holes of interpenetrating, cross-drilled hole 169 is through hole, and the side of cross-drilled hole 169 is pressure chamber 168.Cooling liquid inlet 171 on fixed jacket 115, liquid coolant enter into successively from this hole annular groove in fixed jacket 115, Mohs main shaft 108 cross-drilled hole 169 and flow into vertical holes 170, under the pressure of extraneous pump, enter cold hole in interior cold grinding-head handle 136.Owing to will bear certain pressure in the annular groove in the upper end Mohs main shaft 108 of the annular groove of liquid coolant in fixed jacket 115 and grinding-head handle 136, therefore this device adopts rotating seal ring I 114, rotating seal ring II 116 and rotating seal ring III 137 as sealing device.Because when practical operation, this grinding attachment and horizontal plane will have a certain degree, interior cold grinding-head handle 136 will bear the power of axial and radial both direction, Mohs main shaft 108 also will bear the power of axial and radial both direction thus, and therefore this device adopts taper roll bearing I 112 and taper roll bearing II 121.Taper roll bearing I 112 is located by end cap 141 and sleeve III 113, and taper roll bearing II 121 is located by fixed jacket 115 and sleeve IV 119.Bearing two ends adopt sealing ring I 109 and sealing ring II 123 to seal to prevent lubricating oil leakage of oil.End cap 141 is fixed on fixed jacket 115 by screw Ⅸ 110 and pad III 111, and pad IV 140 can adjust the axial location of bearing clearance, play and axle.First interior cold grinding-head handle 136 is loaded in the hole of Mohs main shaft 108 lower end during installation, be loaded on chuck 127, finally by the screw thread of Mohs main shaft 108 with locking nut 128, locking nut 128 is tightened.

Figure 23 is electrostatic atomization structure sectional view.Wire contiguous block 165 is fixed on grinding-head handle clamping body 158 by pad V 161 and screw Ⅹ III 164.Wire contiguous block 165 has two wires II 156 to pass into the interior cold hole 126 of interior cold grinding-head handle 136.Mohs main shaft 108 rotates, and drive grinding-head handle clamping body 158 to rotate by flat key 155, and high-tension electricity conversion equipment 167 is fixed on fixed jacket 115 by pad VI 163 and screw Ⅻ 162, is also fixed.Roller 166 and wire contiguous block 165 are one, and rotate in the inner groovy of high-tension electricity conversion equipment 167, realize high-tension electricity thus by the transmission of the high-tension electricity outer conductor III 159 fixed to the high-tension electricity inside conductor II 156 rotated.Because when corona discharge, the discharge inception voltage of negative corona discharge is low, and breakdown voltage is high, high-tension electricity conversion equipment 167 is connected with the negative pole of wire III 159 with adjustable high voltage D. C 129 by wire placing trough III 157, make liquid charged, the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C 129 to be connected with workpiece power-up device 130 by wire IV 160 and by earth lead 146 ground connection.Workpiece 133 is arranged on dynamometer II 132, dynamometer II 132 by magnetic absorption on workbench II 131.The elements of the electric charge in the crystal exterior of this electrostatic atomization apparatus drop is: when power cathode discharges, a large amount of ions can produced in corona zone, cation can move to electrode cathode and electrical counteract occur, and anion and electrons anode move, enter drift region, at drift region and droplet collision, be attached on drop, make drop become electric charge carrier, bring the electric charge identical with polarity of electrode.When the droplet of nozzle ejection is by after charged, displacement under the effect of electric field force, what make its maximum is covered in surface of the work.In charged process, because nanoparticle surface is larger, surface polarity is comparatively strong, and after charged, its charge-mass ratio is larger than the charge-mass ratio of droplet, so nanoparticle is tending towards more early arriving workpiece, the exchange capability of heat that can better utilize it desirable like this.In electrostatic field, there is " electrostatic is encircled " effect, therefore when droplet and nanoparticle are more easily enter into workpiece to have certain roughness depression in the surface place to workpiece motion s, thus expand relative area coverage, better lubrication and heat exchange effect can be played.

As shown in figure 24, adjustable high voltage D. C 129 is made up of alternating current power supply input block, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2, self-maintained circuit, power amplification circuit, high-frequency impulse booster, voltage doubling rectifing circuit and constant current automatic control circuit.

Shown in Figure 25 (a) He Figure 25 (b), interior cold hole 126 is double helical bore, extends through the bottom of interior cold grinding 134 from the top of interior cold grinding-head handle 136.In grinding process, compressed air, liquid coolant or nano-fluid are directly injected to grinding area after accelerating in two threaded hole, thus can effectively reduce grinding area temperature, and wash away abrasive dust, extend cutter life.

Specific works process of the present invention is as follows:

The present invention relates to seven kinds of embodiments, is all based on a kind of high-speed grinding surgical experiments device.This experimental provision forms primarily of linear three-axis platform, electro spindle 28, dynamometer I 22, thermocouple 10 and control system 4.Linear three-axis platform can realize the movement in X, Y, Z tri-directions, electro spindle 28 pairs of grinding tools carry out clamping and drive grinding tool high speed rotating, dynamometer I 22 realizes the measurement of grinding force in grinding process, thermocouple 10 realizes the measurement of temperature, and control system 4 realizes the control of moving to linear three-axis platform and electro spindle 28 and the analysis to grinding force, grinding temperature signal.

The first and the second embodiment are burette type cooling and cast-type cooling respectively, and its fluid path connects to form successively by fluid reservoir I 57, hydraulic pump I 56, pressure regulator valve I 55, choke valve I 54.In fluid reservoir I 57, normal saline is housed, the normal saline in fluid reservoir I 57 is extracted out by hydraulic pump I 56, then enters nozzle through pressure regulator valve I 55 and choke valve I 54.Wherein overflow valve I 58 and collection box I 59 form protective loop.Using normal saline as liquid coolant, because the cooling liquid speed of the dropper type of cooling is very little, the cooling liquid speed of cast-type cooling is comparatively large, and hydraulic pump I 56 adopts variable frequency pump, by regulating its pressure to control its flow, to obtain desirable flow velocity.

The third and the 4th kind of embodiment are aerosol cooling and the cooling of nano-fluid aerosol, adopt normal saline and nano-fluid as coolant respectively, all adopt pneumatic nozzle, be made up of fluid path, gas circuit.Described fluid path is connected to form successively by fluid reservoir II 71, hydraulic pump II 70, pressure regulator valve III 69, choke valve II 61, turbine flowmeter I 60, and described gas circuit is connected to form successively by air compressor 68, filter 67, air accumulator 65, pressure regulator valve II 64, choke valve III 63, turbine flowmeter II 62.During work, primer fluid press pump II 70, the coolant be stored in fluid reservoir II 71 enters into the reservoir channel joint 74 of nozzle through fluid pressure regulator valve III 69, flow restriction valve II 61 and turbine flowmeter I 60.Overflow valve II 72 plays the effect of relief valve, and when the pressure in fluid path exceedes set pressure, overflow valve II 72 is opened, and coolant is flow back in collection box II 73 through overflow valve II 72.While primer fluid press pump II 70, start air compressor 68, gases at high pressure enter into the gas injection channel connector 75 of nozzle through filter 67, air accumulator 65, gas pressure regulating valve II 64, gas throttling valve III 63 and gas flowmeter II 62, and the force value in gas circuit monitored by Pressure gauge 66.The passage 76 of gases at high pressure distribution in ventilation hole wall 80 enters mixing chamber 81, with from the abundant mixed aerosol in nozzle mixing chamber 81 of the coolant in reservoir channel joint 74, minor air cell 78 is entered after accelerating chamber 79 accelerates, make gases at high pressure and coolant mix further and accelerate, be injected into grinding area with the form of atomized drop through jet expansion.By regulating pressure regulator valve, choke valve and the effusion meter in gas circuit and fluid path, the pressure of coolant and gases at high pressure, flow can reach optimum micro lubricating effect as required.Nano-fluid normal buffered saline and hydroxyapatite are made.

5th kind of embodiment is that a kind of nano-fluid phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique is at bistrique.With the hole of bit drills certain size in matrix 87, reprocessing an inner surface is conical taper cone barrel 88, the bottom of taper cone barrel 88 is against in drill bit forming face, the two is interference fit, the top of taper cone barrel 88 is processed into stepped, and the bottom of grinding-head handle I 82 is also processed into stepped, and the two is connected with nut II 84 with bolt II 83, and seal with pad II 93, to strengthen the reliability of sealing.Seal with spirotallic gasket 94 between bistrique matrix 87 and grinding-head handle I 82.Spirotallic gasket 94 comprises outer annular-stiffer 95, filler 96 and interior reinforcing ring 97, the sealing function that filler 96 is main, and outer annular-stiffer 95 has the effect of location in installation process, and interior reinforcing ring 97 can improve the withstand voltage properties of pad.Inner and outer ring can improve the resilience force of pad, prevents pad conquassation, in case seal failure.Dual-seal is carried out, to reach " zero leakage " of nano-fluid in grinding process with pad II 93 and spirotallic gasket 94 pairs of working chambers.Fin I 90, fin II 91, fin III 92 can increase area of dissipation, improve heat transfer efficiency.Bistrique matrix 87 is processed the shaft shoulder to position fin 90,91,92, sleeve I 85, sleeve II 86 can prevent fin play.Abrasive particle I 89 is electroplated on bistrique matrix 87.In the course of the work, the inwall of taper cone barrel 88 is as the evaporator section of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, fin is as condensation segment, the heat produced in bone grinding process is by abrasive particle I 89, then bistrique matrix 87 is passed to rapidly, the inwall of taper cone barrel 88 is passed to again by bistrique matrix 87, the i.e. evaporator section of phase-change heat-exchange type bistrique, the nano-fluid base fluid carburation by evaporation of evaporator section, steam flows to condensation segment releasing heat and condenses into liquid under small pressure reduction, liquid flows back to evaporator section under the influence of centrifugal force, completes a cycle of operation.Circulation like this, incessantly to reduce the temperature of grinding area, is avoided causing secondary injury to human body.

6th kind of embodiment is a kind of hydrophilic bistrique.Grinding-head handle II 98 clamping, on electro spindle 28, bistrique II 99 is electroplate with abrasive particle II 100, is electroplate with micron order TiO around abrasive particle II 100 ₂101.Due to micron order TiO ₂have hydrophilic, in the process of grinding, liquid coolant can easier be attached on abrasive particle, thus effectively strengthens the heat radiation of grinding area.

7th kind of embodiment is cold grinding tool and electrostatic atomization film forming integrating device in a kind of electrostatic atomization, can be divided into telescopic sleeve structure, electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure and cold grinding structure three part in electrostatic atomization.Telescopic sleeve structure is used for adjusting the distance of jet 148 apart from workpiece 133, to make nanofiber solidification also film forming on workpiece 133 smoothly.Electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to be spinning medium is atomized into drop final curing to become fiber and the device of film forming.Interior cold grinding structure is main milled portion, completes and removes the grinding of workpiece 133.

Hand-screw overlaps 117 outer surfaces anti-slip veins 138, prevents from rotating when hand-screw overlaps 117 skidding.The hand-screw that turns clockwise cover 117, push pedal I 118 just can be threaded connection and move down, and promote ball 120 and roll downwards, then promotion push pedal II 122 and push pedal contiguous block 142 move down successively.Push pedal contiguous block 142 is connected by screw Ⅹ 143 with syringe pump II 125, therefore promotes syringe pump II 125 and moves down.Because fixed jacket 115 is motionless in the vertical direction, when push pedal contiguous block 142 moves down, spring 124 just can compress.Spring 124 has multiple and lower end to be fixed on fixed jacket 115.When being rotated counterclockwise hand-screw and overlapping 117, the pressure suffered by spring 124 reduces, and spring 124 extends and promotion push pedal contiguous block 142, push pedal II 122, ball 120 move up or roll successively, realizes the flexible of tube-in-tube structure thus.

By the structural adjustment of electrostatic atomization film forming to proper height, control system sends movement instruction back-plunger 153 and moves down, to the thrust that pressure chamber is constant continuously, spinning medium II 149 is expressed on jet 148 with fixed rate, forms drop and hang on spout under its gravity, oneself viscosity and capillary synergism.Regulate applied voltage to make it reach appropriate voltage, spinning medium II 149 just can spray from jet 148 with the form of jet.When jet is stretched to a certain degree, will bends and further divide stretching phenomenon, now because the specific surface area of jet increases rapidly, solvent being volatilized fast, be finally collected on collecting net and solidify to form the fiber felt of non-woven cloth-like.Be fixed on lathe by locating shaft 139, because locating shaft 139 and fixed jacket 115 are one, fixed jacket 115 is also fixed.Mohs main shaft 108 is connected with machine tool chief axis and rotates with machine tool chief axis.Liquid coolant enter into successively from this hole annular groove in fixed jacket 115, Mohs main shaft 108 cross-drilled hole and flow into vertical holes, under the pressure of extraneous pump, enter cold hole in interior cold grinding-head handle 136.First interior cold grinding-head handle 136 is loaded in the hole of Mohs main shaft 108 lower end during installation, be loaded on chuck 127, finally by the screw thread of Mohs main shaft 108 with locking nut 128, locking nut 128 is tightened.

Wire contiguous block 165 has two wires II 156 to pass into the interior cold hole 126 of interior cold grinding-head handle 136.Mohs main shaft 108 rotates and drives grinding-head handle clamping body 158 to rotate by flat key 155, and high-tension electricity conversion equipment 167 is fixed on fixed jacket 115 by pad VI 163 and screw Ⅻ 162, is also fixed.Roller 166 and wire contiguous block 165 are one and rotate in the inner groovy of high-tension electricity conversion equipment 167, realize high-tension electricity thus by the transmission of the high-tension electricity outer conductor III 159 fixed to the high-tension electricity inside conductor II 156 rotated.High-tension electricity conversion equipment 167 is connected with the negative pole of wire III 159 with adjustable high voltage D. C 129 by wire placing trough III 157, makes liquid charged, and the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C 129 is connected with workpiece power-up device 130 and by earth lead 146 ground connection.

As shown in table 4, the electrostatic spinning system being applied to wound dressing mainly comprises natural polymer and synthetic polymer.Adopt electrostatic spinning technique, these materials, in vivo with in external wound healing assay, show the ability of auxiliary healing by the formation of promotion epithelium.

Table 4 can carry out the polymer solution system of electrostatic spinning

Electrostatic spinning basic theories:

When the voltage applied exceedes marginal value, the charged liquid that molecule is little or the low macromolecule charged liquid of viscosity will be spouting from shower nozzle, form small charged drop, move to the direction contrary with electrode, thus forming aerosol or the polymer globules of the micro/nano level of dispersion, this process is electrostatic atomization.If charged liquid is macromolecular solution or melt, its molecular entanglement together, liquid is being applied in the process of high-pressure electrostatic, after the charge repulsion of liquid surface exceedes its surface tension, polymer jet will be gone out in the taylor cone surface high velocity jet of shower nozzle end, these jets through the high-speed stretch of electric field force, solvent volatilization and solidification, are finally deposited on and receive on pole plate, form polymer fiber in a shorter distance.This process is electrostatic spinning.

After charged drop is introduced into electric field, accumulation on drop surface, thus produces one and orders about the charge repulsion that drop outwards divides and (be expressed as the static pressure P on charged drop surface _e=σ ²/ 2 ε ₀, with drip gauge density of surface charge σ and dielectric constant in vacuum ε ₀relevant), the tending to of it and drop surface makes the surface tension of droplet retracts (be expressed as shower nozzle end surface tension of liquid γ, the pressure P relevant with droplet radius R _c=2 γ/R) form a kind of astable balance, this balance can represent with following formula:

ΔP＝2γ/R-e ²/(32ε ₀π ²R ⁴)(1)

In formula, e-drop with total electrical charge; R-droplet radius.

Can find out, when droplet radius reduces (charge density increase), the pressure produced by electrostatic will increase.When the tension force of drop surface generation is equal with electrostatic repulsion, the charged drop be in electric field reaches balance, supposes that the diameter of now charged drop is D, is converted into the charge density on drop surface, can obtains following formula:

e / M = \sqrt{[(288 ϵ_{0} γ) / (ρ^{2} D^{3})]} - - - (2)

In formula, the quality of M-drop.

When charge repulsion exceedes this limit, the drop of shower nozzle end will split into multiple droplet, forms electrostatic atomization phenomenon.The limit of this droplets stable is referred to as " Rayleigh stability limit ".Suppose that liquid jet is cylindrical, so the condition of " Rayleigh stability limit " can represent with following formula:

ΔP＝γ/R-τ ²/(8ε ₀π ²R ⁴)(3)

In formula, τ-liquid jet length unit with electric charge, the charge density being converted into jet surface is:

e / M = \sqrt{[(64 ϵ_{0} γ) / (ρ^{2} D^{3})]} - - - (4)

As can be seen from the above equation, when reaching the condition of " Rayleigh stability limit ", the charge ratio electrostatic atomization formed needed for cylindrical jet on taylor cone surface is little, and this special case is exactly electrostatic spinning.

The computing formula ejecting the critical voltage of jet from taylor cone top is:

V ²c＝(4H ²/L ²)*[ln(2L/R)-1.5]*(0.117πγR ₀)(5)

In formula: the distance between H-two electrode; L-shower nozzle stretches out the distance of pole plate; The radius of R-hanging drop; The surface tension of γ-drop.R ₀-shower nozzle radius.(unit: Vc is kV, H, L and R be cm, γ be dyn/cm)

The power that pendant drop surface is subject to mainly contains the pressure differential that electric field force, glutinous stress, hydrostatic pressure difference and surface tension cause.When the tangential electric field force on pendant drop surface is greater than tangential glutinous stress, form one-jet or many jets; Otherwise, form drop.

Electrostatic spinning basic process can be divided into following three steps:

(1) jet generation and jet linearly extend.For solution electrostatic spinning vertically downward, polymer solution pendency microdroplet maintains spinning nozzle place under surface tension effects.When potential difference between jet and ground connection catcher increases, in liquid, the motion of ion makes solution surface charged.These electric charges produce aggregation force to overcome the surface tension of solution self on drop surface.Along with the progressively increase of voltage, the cone that jet is formed from pendency droplet surface protrudes, and improve voltage further, charge density and the jet velocity of jet also increase thereupon, and drop overcomes surface tension and forms jet.

(2) the bending Unstable Growth of jet and slenderizing process.Jet linearly grows at initial a certain segment distance after producing.Owing to being subject to electrostatic force and the combined effect of the gravity that becomes, jet is very fast just to be moved at straight-line lower end generation whip.This whip moves and allows jet to produce in less space and stretch largely, is further developed into self similarity annular stream subsequently.The formation of each circulation divides again three steps, and less than the size of next annular stream.The first step, smooth linear section or slight curvature section develop into bend alignment (whip moves); Second step, when the bending section of each jet is stretched, bending linear arrangement becomes the spiral circulation that a series of girth increases; 3rd step, when each spiral circulation increases, the cross-sectional diameter forming circulation increases less, can set up the condition of the first step along annular stream everywhere.Along with bending instable development and growth, the continuous refinement of jet, stretch rate can reach tens thousand of times.

(3) jet solidify to form nanofiber.The electric field force acted on electrified jet guides whole jet to fly to ground connection catcher, and along with the volatilization of solvent or the condensation of melt, jet is solidified into nanofiber and is successively stacked on catcher with spiral fashion, the membranaceous or flocculence material of final formation.

As shown in figure 16, increase the distance between syringe needle and dash receiver 107, the aerial flying distance of nanofiber will be extended, and fibre diameter declines to some extent with the increase of distance.Distance is too closely unfavorable for the abundant volatilization of solvent, is too far then unfavorable for the collection of nanofiber, and the general distance D that collects is arranged on 5 ~ 20cm.When other parameters immobilize, increase electrostatic pressure, electrostatic field field intensity increases, and increases, fibre diameter is declined with the refinement of jet to the electrostatic stretch power of jet.But when voltage increases above to a certain degree time, the unstability of jet will be more obvious, and the distribution of fibre diameter broadens, and namely obtain the nanofiber that thickness differs greatly.When high pressure is close to 30kV, is no matter dry or in a humidity environment, high-pressure side is all easy in atmospherical discharges, and electric charge loses in a large number, and electrostatic spinning process becomes more dangerous, therefore, selects the high pressure of 5 ~ 20kV under normal circumstances.In addition, positive electricity is had a meeting, an audience, etc. well under one's control and is conducive to the release of fiber surface electric charge, and negative voltage field energy provides comparatively stable electric field force, and both have Different Effects to different polymer electrospuns.Syringe pump is for carrying spinning liquid and controlling the flow velocity of spinning liquid, and the flow velocity of single shower nozzle spinning liquid is 0.1 ~ 10mL/h.Syringe needle is the delivery outlet of spinning liquid, and internal diameter d is generally 0.1-2mm.The computing formula of flow velocity is:

u＝Q/A(6)

In formula, Q is the flow of syringe pump, by regulating the frequency of input motor power, changing rotating speed thus changing flow; A is the cross-sectional area of jet.When there being n jet, the computing formula of A is: A=n π (d/2) ².

By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but the restriction not to invention protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. cold grinding head in an electrostatic atomization, it is characterized in that: comprise main shaft, electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure and interior cold grinding structure, electrostatic atomization film forming structure installment is on main shaft, electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to be linked in the outside of interior cold grinding structure, and electrostatic atomization becomes the jet of membrane structure to arrange towards bistrique.

2. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described main shaft is sheathed with the fixed jacket be fixedly installed.

3. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 2, be is characterized in that: connected by taper roll bearing assembly between described main shaft and fixed jacket.

4. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described interior cold grinding structure is cold grinding structure in electrostatic atomization, comprise bistrique, wire contiguous block, high-tension electricity conversion equipment and power supply, the grinding-head handle of described bistrique is fixed in main shaft, wire contiguous block is fixed on main shaft, described high-tension electricity conversion equipment is linked in the outside of grinding-head handle, and be fixedly installed, wire contiguous block is flexibly connected with high-tension electricity conversion equipment, high-tension electricity conversion equipment is connected with power supply, interior cold hole is set in grinding-head handle, bistrique and grinding-head handle are run through in interior cold hole, wire contiguous block is connected with interior cold hole by wire.

5. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described interior cold hole is Double helix duct.

6. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described interior cold grinding structure is phase-change heat-exchange type grinding structure, comprise bistrique and grinding-head handle, phase-change heat-exchange type chiller is set in grinding-head handle, phase-change heat-exchange type chiller comprises evaporator section, adiabatic end and condensation segment, evaporator section is installed near bistrique, and condensation segment is installed away from bistrique.

7. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the interior cone angle of described evaporator section is less than 90 °, and condensation segment arranges fin.

8. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electrostatic atomization becomes membrane structure to comprise syringe pump, is arranged on the electrode of syringe pump inside and is arranged on the jet of the syringe pump port of export, described electrode is connected with electrostatic generator negative pole and positive pole respectively with workpiece power-up device, the plunger of syringe pump is connected with motor, and jet vertically arranges or is obliquely installed towards bistrique.

9. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described electrostatic atomization, cold grinding head also comprises telescopic sleeve structure, telescopic sleeve structure comprises hand-screw cover and push pedal, hand-screw cover is movably arranged on fixed jacket, hand-screw cover is connected with the threaded one end of push pedal, fixed jacket is provided with the groove for being carried out engaging by the other end of push pedal, in inside grooves, be provided with elastic fluid between push pedal and fixed jacket, syringe pump is connected with push pedal.

10. cold grinding head in electrostatic atomization according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described push pedal is Split type structure, comprise push pedal body and push pedal contiguous block, push pedal body is threaded between overlapping with hand-screw, push pedal body is connected with push pedal contiguous block, fixed jacket is provided with the groove for engaging push pedal contiguous block, in inside grooves, push pedal contiguous block is connected with elastic fluid between fixed jacket, and syringe pump is connected with push pedal contiguous block.