CN105112069A - 一种土壤改良剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种土壤改良剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105112069A CN105112069A CN201510577798.0A CN201510577798A CN105112069A CN 105112069 A CN105112069 A CN 105112069A CN 201510577798 A CN201510577798 A CN 201510577798A CN 105112069 A CN105112069 A CN 105112069A
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- thoroughly decomposed
- greening
- grass
- leaf slag
- blade
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 59
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- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 carbon nitrogen Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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[P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明提供一种土壤改良剂，该土壤改良剂是由包括如下组分的物质自然腐熟发酵得到的：绿化草叶叶渣，绿化树木叶渣，腐熟污泥，其中，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣的重量比为1:1，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣重量分别占腐熟污泥重量的30％-80％，生活污泥、绿化草叶渣、树木叶渣在改良土壤结构方面互补，利于滨海盐渍土结构的优化，污泥胶体粘重，利于保水保肥；草叶渣叶脉细小，利于增加土壤微结构的透气性；树木叶渣叶脉较粗大且呈网状，利于阻止土壤板结，降低粘性，以上三者互补，利于土壤团粒结构的形成。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于土壤改良技术领域，尤其是涉及一种土壤改良剂及制备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着沿海城市的快速发展，人口、资源、环境、生态等各方压力骤增。污水量每年均在递增，污水污泥占用土地，焚烧污染环境空气；绿化草木在美化环境的同时，绿化草坪修剪残渣、绿化树木落叶也因焚烧、埋藏等处理方式不当给城市管理带来困扰。生活污水污泥、绿化草坪叶渣、绿化树木落叶，三者是人口增长给城市带来的数量巨大的有机废弃物，如何妥善处理这些废弃物，是人口密集的沿海城市需要迫切解决的问题。
[0003] 当前，对于污泥、草坪草渣、树木落叶的处理多数以外运堆积、填埋、焚烧为主，耗费人力、物力，占用空地资源，污染土壤、大气、水源等自然资源，近年有过分别堆肥利用的报道，但是鲜有将以上废弃有机物资源综合堆肥用于滨海盐渍土壤改良的报道。每年夏秋季节城市绿化会产生大量修剪和自然脱落的叶片和残叶，焚烧会增加空气污染，尤其会增加大量的PM2.5等雾霾污染物质。就地自然消化周期长，分解慢，分解中产生不愉快气味。而且，绿化草叶和树叶营养元素含量高，是一种利于快速、大量增加贫瘠土壤养分的有机废弃物，将沿海地区的草叶和树叶焚烧或者填埋是对有机资源的浪费，如果将其就近用于滨海盐渍土壤的机构改良和养分增加，在产业化方面、生态保护方面、资源循环利用方面潜力巨大。
[0004] 污水污泥臭味浓重，粘重导致通气性差，含碳量低，因洗涤污水带来磷而富含磷元素，单独施用于滨海盐渍土壤在增加养分方面效果显著，但在改善土壤透气性方面效果不佳；绿化草残叶含水量较高，参与循环的营养元素(如N、P、K、Mg、Zn)含量较丰富，叶脉纤细，与之比较而言，绿化树木的落叶中营养元素含量较高，叶脉呈网状且较粗大，树木落叶与绿化草叶残叶之间在营养元素方面互补，且结构方面各有特点，均利于改善滨海盐渍土壤易板结、粘度大的结构，利于形成最佳的土壤结构一一团粒结构。此外，绿化草叶残叶和树木落叶腐熟分解能够产生酸性物质，可以降低生活污泥偏高的pH值，更加利于降低盐渍土的PH，适于更多植物在改良后的滨海盐渍土上建植，增加土壤微生物种类和数量，丰富土壤酶，促进土壤良性发展。
[0005] 综上，由于污泥、草叶、树叶在改良滨海盐渍土壤方面单独利用的效果均有不足，因此，将三者综合利用，在改良土壤结构，增加土壤养分、提高草木定植生长能力等方面具有较大的潜力。
发明内容
[0006] 作为本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一种土壤改良剂，该土壤改良剂是由包括如下组分的物质自然腐熟发酵得到的:绿化草叶叶渣，绿化树木叶渣，腐熟污泥，其中，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣的重量比为1: 1，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣分别占腐熟污泥重量的 30% -80%。
[0007] 优选的，按重量计，添加比例为，绿化草叶叶渣:绿化树木叶渣:腐熟污泥=3:3:4ο
[0008] 优选的，所述的自然腐熟发酵的条件为:冬春季节放置15-25天，期间搅拌1-2次，夏秋季节放置10-20天，期间搅拌2-5次，使堆肥成分混合均匀，发酵充分。
[0009] 优选的，所述腐熟污泥的腐熟方法为:污水污泥经过脱水，使含水量降低至75%-80%,放置于污泥贮藏窖，静置封闭发酵，夏秋季节常温腐熟10-15天，搅拌3-4次，冬春季节常温腐熟15-20天，搅拌1-2次，污泥色泽、质地、气味不再明显变化后，备用。
[0010] 优选的，所述的绿化草叶叶渣的粒径为0.5-1.0cmo
[0011] 优选的，所述的绿化树叶叶渣的粒径为l-2cm。
[0012] 作为本发明的另一方面，本发明提供上述任意一种土壤改良剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤:
[0013] (I)城市污水污泥的腐熟
[0014] 污水污泥经过消化、脱水、静置，再脱水，使含水量降至75 %〜80 %，放置于污泥贮藏窖，静置封闭发酵，夏秋季常温下腐熟10〜15天，冬春季常温下腐熟15〜20天，冬春季搅拌I〜2次，夏秋季搅拌3〜4次，污泥色泽、质地、气味不再明显变化后，即可备用；
[0015] (2)绿化草叶残叶的收集，叶渣的制备
[0016] 将绿化草坪平整、修剪过程中产生的绿化草残叶收集，使用机械粉碎至绿化草叶叶渣粒径0.5〜1.0cm,备用；
[0017] (3)绿化树叶的收集，叶渣的制备
[0018] 收集绿化落叶，将收集到的叶片粉碎到粒径l_2cm，备用；
[0019] (4)滨海盐渍土改良剂的制备
[0020] 将(2)得到的绿化草叶叶渣、(3)得到的绿化树叶叶渣、步骤(I)得到的初步腐熟后的脱水生活污泥，按照重量比例添加，充分混合使之均匀，添加比例为:绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣重量比为1:1，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣分别占污泥重量的30%〜80%，保持混合后最初的碳氮元素比值在25〜35之间，水分在50%〜70%之间，混合均匀后，自然腐熟发酵。
[0021] 优选的，步骤(4)中，所述的自然腐熟发酵为:冬春季节放置15〜25天，期间搅拌I〜2次，夏秋季节放置10〜20天，期间搅拌2〜5次，使堆肥成分混合均匀，发酵充分，以混入污泥中的叶渣失去叶片形态为准。
[0022] 优选的，步骤⑷中，按重量计，添加比例为，绿化草叶叶渣:绿化树木叶渣:腐熟污泥=3:3:4ο
[0023] 本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
[0024] 1、生活污泥、绿化草叶渣、树木叶渣所含养分互补，利于滨海盐渍土养分的平衡，生活污泥富含有机质，绿化草叶渣富含参与循环的营养元素(如N、P、K、Mg、Zn等)，树木叶渣富含不参与循环的元素(如Ca、Fe、S、Mn、Cu、B等)，补充微量元素。
[0025] 2、生活污泥、绿化草叶渣、树木叶渣在改良土壤结构方面互补，利于滨海盐渍土结构的优化，污泥胶体粘重，利于保水保肥；草叶渣叶脉细小，利于增加土壤微结构的透气性；树木叶渣叶脉较粗大且呈网状，利于阻止土壤板结，降低粘性，以上三者互补，利于土壤团粒结构的形成。
具体实施方式
[0026]实例 I
[0027] 将生活污水厂污泥静置，初步发酵腐熟，夏季，持续15天，备用。从市容委绿化园林队收集到绿化草本植物(主要为多年生黑麦草、早熟禾)残叶2t，绿化树木叶片(主要为杨树叶片)2t,在污水厂粉碎，草本植物叶片粉碎成0.5〜1.0cm碎渣，树叶粉碎成1.0〜2.0cm碎渣，倒入4t初步腐熟的污泥中，混匀，静置，夏季，15天。初步腐熟的污泥，含水率为82.73%, C/N比为11.13 ;加入绿化草本植物叶渣和绿化树木叶渣，混匀后，测定含水率65 %，C/N为27，在窖池中进行堆肥发酵，15天内，搅拌3次，平均5天一次，日均温度25.3Γ。
[0028] 将制备好的滨海盐渍土改良剂直接用于天津市静海县团泊洼镇含盐量为6%。的盐渍土壤，改良剂以500kg/亩用量均匀施于地表，旋耕混匀，旋耕深度20cm。60天后取样方测定。使用改良剂的牧草平均株高为:羊草35cm，紫花苜蓿40cm。未使用改良剂的对照的平均牧草株高为:羊草25cm，紫花苜蓿30cm。使用改良剂可提高羊草株高40 %，提高紫花苜蓿株高33%。
[0029]实例 2
[0030] 污水污泥处理厂的脱水污泥静置，初步腐熟发酵，秋季，持续25天，备用。从市容委园林队收集到绿化草本植物残叶(以多年生黑麦草为主)1200kg，绿化树木(以法国梧桐为主)落叶1200kg，草本植物残叶粉碎为0.5〜1.0cm，绿化树木落叶粉碎为1.0〜2.0cm叶渣，与1600kg初步腐熟污泥混合均匀，发酵25天，每5天搅拌混匀一次。与含盐量4.5%的滨海盐渍土混合，盆栽，每盆5kg 土混合Ikg改良剂，设不施加改良剂的空白对照，3次重复。种植牧草碱茅、披碱草。40天后，测量牧草高度。使用改良剂的土壤中的牧草高度:碱茅13cm，披碱草23cm。不施加改良剂的空白对照的牧草高度:碱茅10cm，披碱草16cm。使用改良剂可提高碱茅高度30 %，提高披碱草高度43 %。
[0031] 以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种土壤改良剂，该土壤改良剂是由包括如下组分的物质自然腐熟发酵得到的:绿化草叶叶渣，绿化树木叶渣，腐熟污泥，其中，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣的重量比为1: 1，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣分别占腐熟污泥重量的30% -80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂，按重量计，添加比例为，绿化草叶叶渣:绿化树木叶渣:腐熟污泥=3:3:4ο
3.根据权利要求2所述的土壤改良剂，所述的自然腐熟发酵的条件为:冬春季节放置15-25天，期间搅拌1-2次，夏秋季节放置10-20天，期间搅拌2_5次，使堆肥成分混合均匀，发酵充分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂，所述腐熟污泥的腐熟方法为:污水污泥经过脱水，使含水量降低至75% _80%，放置于污泥贮藏窖，静置封闭发酵，夏秋季节常温腐熟10-15天，搅拌3-4次，冬春季节常温腐熟15-20天，搅拌1_2次，污泥色泽、质地、气味不再明显变化后，备用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂，所述的绿化草叶叶渣的粒径为0.5-1.0cm0
6.根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂，所述的绿化树叶叶渣的粒径为l-2cm。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的土壤改良剂，该土壤改良剂适用于改良pH 7.5-8.5，有机质含量12%。，盐分以电导率表不为0.5-1.0mS/cm,全氮25g/kg，全磷含量35g/kg，全钾0.15%的滨海盐渍土。
8.权利要求1-7任一所述的土壤改良剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤: (1)城市污水污泥的腐熟 污水污泥经过消化、脱水、静置，再脱水，使含水量降至75%〜80%，放置于污泥贮藏窖，静置封闭发酵，夏秋季常温下腐熟10〜15天，冬春季常温下腐熟15〜20天，冬春季搅拌I〜2次，夏秋季搅拌3〜4次，污泥色泽、质地、气味不再明显变化后，即可备用； (2)绿化草叶残叶的收集，叶渣的制备 将绿化草坪平整、修剪过程中产生的绿化草残叶收集，使用机械粉碎至绿化草叶叶渣粒径0.5〜1.0cm，备用； (3)绿化树叶的收集，叶渣的制备 收集绿化落叶，将收集到的叶片粉碎到粒径l_2cm，备用； (4)滨海盐渍土改良剂的制备 将(2)得到的绿化草叶叶渣、(3)得到的绿化树叶叶渣、步骤(I)得到的初步腐熟后的脱水生活污泥，按照重量比例添加，充分混合使之均匀，添加比例为:绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣重量比为1: 1，绿化草叶叶渣与绿化树木叶渣分别占污泥重量的30%〜80%，保持混合后最初的碳氮元素比值在25〜35之间，水分在50%〜70%之间，混合均匀后，自然腐熟发酵。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，步骤(4)中，所述的自然腐熟发酵为:冬春季节放置15〜25天，期间搅拌I〜2次，夏秋季节放置10〜20天，期间搅拌2〜5次，使堆肥成分混合均匀，发酵充分，以混入污泥中的叶渣失去叶片形态为准。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于:步骤(4)中，按重量计，添加比例为，绿化草叶叶渣:绿化树木叶渣:腐熟污泥=3:3:4。
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Application publication date: 20151202 |