CN105087384B - Cultivate the method for photosynthetic microorganism and the method for production grease - Google Patents
Cultivate the method for photosynthetic microorganism and the method for production grease Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, methods described is included under conditions of culture photosynthetic microorganism, and the culture of photosynthetic microorganism is carried out in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism, and the condition of the culture photosynthetic microorganism includes：Under light illumination, photosynthetic microorganism flowing is driven, and the flow velocity for flowing photosynthetic microorganism increases with the increase of intensity of illumination.A kind of method for producing grease is also disclosed, methods described includes the separation and extraction of both culturing microalgae, microalgae recovery, microalgae grease, and both culturing microalgae is cultivated using the method for culture photosynthetic microorganism as described above.The inventive method can not only ensure the normal growth of photosynthetic microorganism but also reduce energy consumption, the large-scale production suitable for photosynthetic microorganism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for culture photosynthetic microorganism and the method for production grease.
Background technology
Photosynthetic microorganism mainly includes microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria, many useful due to that can be extracted from photosynthetic microorganism
Product, such as grease, protein and pigment etc., therefore it is extensive, high efficiency, low cost are trained as Jiao of concern
Point.
Microalgae is that one kind grows in water, species is various and the extremely extensive rudimentary plant of distribution, and it is driven by sunlight
Dynamic cell factory.Microalgae cell absorbs CO by efficient photosynthesis2, chemical energy is converted light energy into, is stored in fat
Or in the carbohydrate such as starch, and release O2.It can reach " replacementization simultaneously with chemicals using microalgae production bioenergy
The stone energy, reduce CO2The purpose of discharge, purification waste gas and sewage ".The advantage of " Microalgae biotechnology " is following side
Face：1. microalgae is photosynthetic efficiency highest rudimentary plant, compared with crops, the yield of unit area is higher by decades of times.Microalgae
And a kind of plant the most rapid is grown in nature, generally in 24h, biomass contained by microalgae " can be referred to double at it
Its biomass doubling time can shorten to 3.5h in number growth period ".2. microalgae can be grown in high salt, the water body of high alkali environment
In, beach, salt-soda soil, desert can be made full use of to carry out large-scale culture, it is non-that seawater, saline-alkali water, industrial wastewater etc. can also be used
Agricultural water is cultivated, and therefore, microalgae can be striven ground with different crops, strive water.3. oil productivity is high, the oil content of microalgae stem cell
Up to 70%, microalgae does not have the cell differentiations such as the root, stem and leaf of higher plant, and under the conditions of nitrogen stress etc., some unicellular microalgaes can
A large amount of accumulation greases, are most promising oil-producing organisms.4. the culture of microalgae can utilize the CO in industrial waste gas2, alleviate temperature
The discharge of room gas, the NO in industrial waste gas can also be absorbedx, reduce the pollution of environment.5. produce the same of microalgae biodiesel
When, a considerable amount of microalgae biomass can also be produced, can also further obtain the high value pair such as protein, polysaccharide, aliphatic acid
Product.
Microalgae can be divided into protokaryon algae and Eukaryotic Algae, and protokaryon algae containing chlorophyll a, does not form cell based on blue-green algae
Device, photosynthesis can be carried out, protein content is high in cell, and up to the 70% of dry weight, fat content is low, is 5% or so；Eucaryon
Algal kind is relatively more, is the source of main bio-fuel algae kind.Common microalgae is predominantly due to following eight classes：Diatom
Door (Bacillariophyta), Chlorophyta (Chlorophyta), Chrysophyta (Chrysophyta), Cyanophyta
(Cyanophyta), Pyrrhophyta (Pyrroptata), Euglenophyta (Rhodophyta), Cryptophyta (Cryptophyta) and xanthophyta
Door (Xanthophyta).Wherein, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta are most potential biodiesel algae kind sources.
Photosynthetic bacteria is that occur generally existing in earliest, nature on the earth, have the protokaryon of original luminous energy synthetic system
Biology, it is the general name for not put the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen under anaerobic, is a kind of leather for not forming gemma ability
Lan Shi negative bacteriums, be it is a kind of using light as the energy, can be under anaerobism illumination or aerobic dark condition using organic in nature
Thing, sulfide, ammonia etc. carry out photosynthetic microorganism as hydrogen donor and carbon source.Photosynthetic bacteria is distributed widely in nature
Soil, paddy field, marsh, lake, Jiang Hai etc., it is distributed mainly on the anoxic zone that light can be transmitted in aquatic environment.It is photosynthetic thin
The suitable water temperature of bacterium is 15 DEG C -40 DEG C, and optimum water temperature is 28 DEG C -36 DEG C.In aquaculture, the nitrous in the water body that can degrade
The noxious materials such as hydrochlorate, sulfide, realization serve as bait, purify water, prevention disease, as functions such as feed addictives.Light
It is strong to close bacterial adaptation, the organic wastewater of high concentration can be restrained oneself, have to poisonous substances such as phenol, cyanogen it is certain endure and capacity of decomposition, tool
There is stronger decomposition and inversion ability.Its many characteristics, make it that there is huge application value in Non-environmental Pollution Aquiculture.
Passing just influences the principal element of photosynthetic microorganism pilot scale culture, directly affects the photosynthetic effect of photosynthetic microorganism
Rate, growth conditions and the efficiency of light energy utilization.In order that photosynthetic microorganism preferably light grows, driving culture liquid movement is very must
Want.For example, closed photo bioreactor is typically using compressed air or pump driving culture liquid movement, raceway pond reactor
Typically using paddle wheel driving culture liquid movement.Under normal circumstances, driving photosynthetic microorganism moves under constant flow rate, and flow velocity is general
For 1-1.5m/s.But driving culture liquid movement inevitably result in culture energy consumption increase, therefore, during breeding scale by
It is very huge in energy consumption caused by driving, turn into the major reason under aquaculture cost is in not.
In summary, exploitation both can guarantee that photosynthetic microorganism normal growth and can reduced energy consumption, while suitable for extensive raw
The method of the culture photosynthetic microorganism of production is extremely urgent.
The content of the invention
The defects of the invention aims to overcome existing cultivation photosynthetic microorganism cost high, there is provided one kind both can guarantee that
Photosynthetic microorganism normal growth and can reduces energy consumption, the method suitable for the culture photosynthetic microorganism of large-scale production.
The present inventor has found under study for action, when cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, under light illumination, drives photosynthetic microorganism stream
It is dynamic, and the flow velocity for flowing photosynthetic microorganism increases with the increase of intensity of illumination, can both ensure that photosynthetic microorganism is normal
Growth reduces energy consumption, the large-scale production suitable for photosynthetic microorganism again.
Therefore, to achieve these goals, on the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of method for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, described
Method is included under conditions of culture photosynthetic microorganism, and the training of photosynthetic microorganism is carried out in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism
Support, the condition of the culture photosynthetic microorganism includes：Under light illumination, photosynthetic microorganism flowing is driven, and makes photosynthetic microorganism stream
Dynamic flow velocity increases with the increase of intensity of illumination.
Preferably, flow velocity v2=a × v1, the v1 0.3-3m/s, a=I/I for flowing photosynthetic microorganism0, I is actual light
According to intensity, I0For maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination；It is further preferred that v1 is 0.6-0.9m/s.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method for producing grease, methods described includes both culturing microalgae, microalgae is adopted
Receive, the separation and extraction of microalgae grease, both culturing microalgae is cultivated using the method for culture photosynthetic microorganism as described above.
The inventive method can not only ensure the normal growth of photosynthetic microorganism but also reduce energy consumption, suitable for the big of photosynthetic microorganism
Large-scale production.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the top view for the device that photosynthetic microorganism is cultivated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional side view for the device that photosynthetic microorganism is cultivated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the growth curve of microalgae in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
1 cultivation region；2 temperature adjustment areas；3 interlayers；4 transparent housings；5 driving paddle wheels；6 nutrient solution entrances；7 nutrient solutions export；8 gas
Body entrance；9 gas vents；10 heat transferring medium entrances；11 heat transferring mediums export；12 dividing plates.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.It is it should be appreciated that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of method for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, this method is included in the photosynthetic micro- life of culture
Under conditions of thing, the culture of photosynthetic microorganism is carried out in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism, cultivates the condition of photosynthetic microorganism
Including：Under light illumination, drive photosynthetic microorganism flowing, and make photosynthetic microorganism flow flow velocity with the increase of intensity of illumination and
Increase.
According to the present invention, although under light illumination drive photosynthetic microorganism flowing, and make photosynthetic microorganism flow flow velocity with
The increase of intensity of illumination and increase, you can realize the purpose of the present invention, that is, ensureing the situation of photosynthetic microorganism normal growth
Decline low energy consumption, the large-scale production suitable for photosynthetic microorganism.But under preferable case, make the flow velocity v2=of photosynthetic microorganism flowing
A × v1, v1 0.3-3m/s, a=I/I0, I is actual intensity of illumination, I0For maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination；Further preferably
Ground, v1 0.6-0.9m/s.Under above-mentioned preferable case, it can preferably reduce energy consumption and better ensure that photosynthetic microorganism
Growth.
In the present invention, maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination refers to such a intensity of illumination, i.e., in certain range of light intensity
Interior, the photosynthetic efficiency of photosynthetic microorganism increases with the rising of intensity of illumination, photosynthetic when intensity of illumination rises to a certain numerical value
Illumination intensity value when efficiency reaches maximum and do not continue to improve.
It should be appreciated that other operating parameters and condition in addition to intensity of illumination, can also influence the photosynthetic of photosynthetic microorganism
Efficiency.In the present invention, in the described maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination of measure, other operating parameters and condition are exactly true
Operating parameter and condition during fixed normal culture photosynthetic microorganism, include the motion mode and operating parameter of driving microalgae.This
A little other operating parameters and condition are well-known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art both can be simply using existing
Some operating parameters and condition, can also reasonably it be selected in the range of its understanding according to existing operating parameter and condition.
In the present invention, maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination I0 can pass through chlorophyll fluorescence method or hydrogen photoproduction method
Measure, this two methods is known to those skilled in the art, will not be repeated here.
In the present invention, the device for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism can be used commonly used in the art various without particular/special requirement
Device.For example, culture microalgae is carried out typically in bioreactor, it is anti-that bioreactor can be divided into open photo-biological
Answer device and closed photo bioreactor, Race-way photobioreactor, such as raceway pond, closed photo bioreactor, example
Such as tubular type, board-like, pillar.
As those skilled in the known, passing just influences the principal element of photosynthetic microorganism pilot scale culture, directly
Influence photosynthetic efficiency, growth conditions and the efficiency of light energy utilization of photosynthetic microorganism.During photosynthetic microorganism pilot scale culture,
It can utilize the characteristics of photosynthetic microorganism photosynthesis and improve photosynthetic efficiency, for example, for microalgae, when frustule is in Guang Qu
(be usually above 1Hz) when displacement between dark space reaches certain frequency, will occur " flash effect " (Janssen M,
Slenders P,Tramper J,Mur L R,Wijffels R.Enzyme Microbial Technology,2001,29:
298-305), the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae can be improved.Therefore, in order to improve displacement of the photosynthetic microorganism between light area and dark space,
The photosynthetic efficiency of photosynthetic microorganism is improved, under preferable case, cultivates to be provided with the device of photosynthetic microorganism and strengthens photosynthetic micro- life
The turbulator member of thing disturbance.
For turbulator member without particular/special requirement, as long as can strengthen photosynthetic microorganism disturbance, increase photosynthetic microorganism is in Guang Qu
Displacement between dark space, can use the thinkable various turbulator members of those skilled in the art institute, such as can be
The inwall (bottom wall, side wall) for cultivating the device of photosynthetic microorganism sets spoiler etc..
In the present invention, in order that photosynthetic microorganism receives more sufficient illumination, in the device for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, contain
Thick preferred≤the 20cm, more preferably 3-10cm of the liquid of the nutrient solution of photosynthetic microorganism.
Photosynthetic microorganism of the present invention is selected from microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria.Specifically include green alga, blue-green algae, diatom and chrysophyceae
Etc. microalgae or the green bacterium of photosynthetic original, purple bacteria etc. can be carried out.One common feature of these photosynthetic microorganisms is
Photosynthesis can be carried out.
The inventive method can be used for low energy consumption, efficient culture photosynthetic microorganism, especially suitable for the culture of microalgae, especially
It is the microalgae of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta or Chrysophyta, such as chlorella, grid algae, single needle algae etc..
In the present invention, illumination can be artificial light source or natural daylight, in order to further save energy consumption, can use certainly
Right daylight.
As those skilled in the known, required for maintenance microalgae normal growth is also needed to during cultivating microalgae
Other necessary conditions, nutrition necessary to suitable illumination, temperature, and micro algae growth is such as provided, is regulated and controled in algae solution
CO2, dissolved oxygen, water, necessary nutrient matter, pH value etc. in suitable scope, make the fast-growth of its suitable microalgae with it is numerous
Grow.These technologies are well-known to those skilled in the art.For example, the condition of culture microalgae can include：Temperature is 15-40
DEG C, preferably 25-35 DEG C；Light intensity is 2000-200000lux, preferably 5000-100000lux；It is passed through in incubation
CO2, make algae solution pH value in the range of 6-10.
In the present invention, microalgae culture can use classification expand by the way of, such as algae kind pass through 1L, 5L, 50L,
500L ... amplifies culture step by step.The initial concentration of inoculation can be typically controlled in algae solution OD value (OD680Value) for 0.2-1's
In the range of.Culturing time is generally more than 10 days, preferably more than 15 days, and for oil-producing microalgae, culturing time more than 20 days can be with
Obtain more preferably effect.
On the other hand, present invention also offers a kind of method for producing grease, this method includes both culturing microalgae, microalgae is adopted
Receive, the separation and extraction of microalgae grease, both culturing microalgae is cultivated using the method for culture photosynthetic microorganism as described above.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated for following embodiment, but and is not so limited the present invention.
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples：
Maximum photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination I0Assay method：Chlorophyll fluorescence method, i.e., determined with chlorophyll fluorescence instrument micro-
The quick photoresponse curve of algae, i.e. Relative electron transport rate with intensity of illumination change curve, so that it is determined that maximum photosynthetic effect
Rate intensity of illumination I0。
Algae solution OD value (OD680Value) measure：Using spectrophotometric determination, compared with distilled water, measure algae solution exists
Light absorption value at wavelength 680nm, the index as microalgae concentration.
The culture medium of microalgae：Media Components are shown in Table 1-2.
The culture medium BG11 of table 1
| Component | Content, mg/L |
| K2HPO4 | 40 |
| Na2CO3 | 20 |
| MgSO4·7H2O | 75 |
| CaCl2·2H2O | 36 |
| Citric acid | 6 |
| Ferric citrate | 6 |
| EDETATE SODIUM | 1 |
| Micro- A5 | 1 |
2 micro- A5 of table
| Component | Content, mg/L |
| H3BO3 | 2860 |
| MgCl2·4H2O | 1810 |
| ZnSO4·7H2O | 22 |
| CuSO4·5H2O | 7.9 |
Using the device of the culture photosynthetic microorganism shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2：Cultivation region 1 and temperature adjustment area 2 are cuboid, training
The top surface for supporting the bottom surface and temperature adjustment area 2 in area 1 is in close contact by interlayer 3, and on the contact surface, cultivation region 1 and temperature adjustment area 2 are isometric,
The width in temperature adjustment area 2 is more than the width of cultivation region 1.Cultivation region 1 be provided with transparent housing 4, driving paddle wheel 5, nutrient solution entrance 6,
Nutrient solution outlet 7, gas access 8, gas vent 9, and the widthwise central in cultivation region is provided with dividing plate 12 along its length, makes
Nutrient solution containing chlorella circulates under the driving of driving paddle wheel 5 around dividing plate 12.Temperature adjustment area 2 is provided with heat transferring medium
Entrance 10 and heat transferring medium outlet 11, heat transferring medium is water, full of temperature adjustment area 2.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is used for the method for the culture photosynthetic microorganism for illustrating the present invention.
Chlorella (being purchased from aquatile research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) is cultivated in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism.Determine bead
The I of algae0=30000lux.Using BG11 culture mediums, nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.3g/L urea, and nutrient solution liquid thickness is 5cm, passes through temperature adjustment area 2
It is 25-35 DEG C to control culture-liquid temp, algae kind initial concentration OD680For 0.25,2% (v/v) CO is passed through2Ventilation culture, is passed through
Amount make it that algae solution pH value is in the range of 6-10 in incubation.It is mixed in incubation using artificial light source and daylight,
Light dark period is 12：12, it is 10000lux to control intensity of illumination daytime (12h), and driving paddle wheel 5 makes the flow velocity of algae solution be 0.3m/
S, night (12h) light culture, stop paddle wheel driving.The OD of detection algae solution daily680Value, continuous culture harvest after 12 days, and it grows
Curve is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is used for the method for the culture photosynthetic microorganism for illustrating the present invention.
Grid algae (being purchased from aquatile research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) is cultivated in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism.Determine grid algae
I0=30000lux.Using BG11 culture mediums, nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.3g/L urea, and nutrient solution liquid thickness is 8cm, is controlled by temperature adjustment area 2
Culture-liquid temp is 25-35 DEG C, algae kind initial concentration OD680For 0.25,2% (v/v) CO is passed through2Ventilation culture, intake make
In incubation algae solution pH value in the range of 6-10.It is mixed in incubation using artificial light source and daylight, brightness
Cycle is 12：12, it is 20000lux to control intensity of illumination daytime (12h), and driving paddle wheel 5 makes the flow velocity of algae solution be 0.5m/s, night
Between (12h) light culture, stop paddle wheel driving.The OD of detection algae solution daily680Value, continuous culture harvest after 12 days, its growth curve
See Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is used for the method for the culture photosynthetic microorganism for illustrating the present invention.
Single needle algae (being purchased from aquatile research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) is cultivated in the device of culture photosynthetic microorganism.Determine single needle
The I of algae0=30000lux.Using BG11 culture mediums, nitrogenous fertilizer is 0.3g/L urea, and nutrient solution liquid thickness is 10cm, passes through temperature adjustment area 2
It is 25-35 DEG C to control culture-liquid temp, algae kind initial concentration OD680For 0.25,2% (v/v) CO is passed through2Ventilation culture, is passed through
Amount make it that algae solution pH value is in the range of 6-10 in incubation.It is mixed in incubation using artificial light source and daylight,
Light dark period is 12：12, it is 40000lux to control intensity of illumination daytime (12h), and driving paddle wheel 5 makes the flow velocity of algae solution be 0.8m/
S, night (12h) light culture, stop paddle wheel driving.The OD of detection algae solution daily680Value, continuous culture harvest after 12 days, and it grows
Curve is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 4
According to the method culture photosynthetic microorganism of embodiment 1, unlike, driving on daytime paddle wheel 5 makes the flow velocity of algae solution be
0.1m/s, the OD of algae solution is detected daily680Value, continuous culture harvest after 12 days, and its growth curve is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 5
According to the method culture photosynthetic microorganism of embodiment 1, unlike, driving on daytime paddle wheel 5 makes the flow velocity of algae solution be
1m/s, the OD of algae solution is detected daily680Value, continuous culture harvest after 12 days, and its growth curve is shown in Fig. 3.
From figure 3, it can be seen that using the inventive method, microalgae can keep faster growth rate, illustrate the present invention's
The method of culture photosynthetic microorganism can ensure the normal growth of photosynthetic microorganism, because the inventive method drives photosynthetic microorganism
The flow velocity of flowing increases with the increase of intensity of illumination, is driven relative to prior art under higher constant flow rate photosynthetic micro-
Biology flowing, can greatly reduce energy consumption.
In Fig. 3, by embodiment 1 respectively compared with embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 as can be seen that making photosynthetic microorganism stream
Dynamic flow velocity v2=a × v1, v1 0.6-0.9m/s, a=I/I0, I is actual intensity of illumination, I0For maximum photosynthetic efficiency illumination
Intensity, it can preferably reduce energy consumption and better ensure that the growth of photosynthetic microorganism, v1 is too low, such as embodiment 4, will influence light
The growth of microorganism is closed, v1 is too high, and such as embodiment 5, the growth to photosynthetic microorganism does not have obvious benefit, increases energy on the contrary
Consumption.
The inventive method can not only ensure the normal growth of photosynthetic microorganism but also reduce energy consumption, suitable for the big of photosynthetic microorganism
Large-scale production.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above in association with accompanying drawing, still, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned reality
The detail in mode is applied, in the range of the technology design of the present invention, a variety of letters can be carried out to technical scheme
Monotropic type, these simple variants belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each particular technique feature described in above-mentioned embodiment, in not lance
In the case of shield, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
The combination of energy no longer separately illustrates.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should equally be considered as content disclosed in this invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for cultivating photosynthetic microorganism, methods described is included under conditions of culture photosynthetic microorganism, in culture light
Close the culture that photosynthetic microorganism is carried out in the device of microorganism, it is characterised in that the condition of the culture photosynthetic microorganism includes：
Under light illumination, photosynthetic microorganism flowing is driven, and the flow velocity for flowing photosynthetic microorganism increases with the increase of intensity of illumination,
Flow velocity v2=a × v1, the v1 0.3-3m/s, a=I/I for flowing photosynthetic microorganism0, I is actual intensity of illumination, I0For maximum
Photosynthetic efficiency intensity of illumination.
2. the method according to claim 11, wherein, v1 0.6-0.9m/s.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, it is provided with reinforcing light in the device of the culture photosynthetic microorganism
Close the turbulator member of microorganism disturbance.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the device of the culture photosynthetic microorganism, contain the light
Close liquid thickness≤20cm of the nutrient solution of microorganism.
5. according to the method for claim 4, wherein, the liquid thickness of the nutrient solution is 3-10cm.
6. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the photosynthetic microorganism is selected from microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria.
7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein, microalgae is selected from the microalgae of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta.
8. according to the method for claim 7, wherein, the condition of the culture photosynthetic microorganism includes：Temperature is 15-40
DEG C, light intensity 2000-200000lux.
9. a kind of method for producing grease, methods described includes the separation and extraction of both culturing microalgae, microalgae recovery, microalgae grease,
Characterized in that, both culturing microalgae uses the method for the culture photosynthetic microorganism described in any one in claim 1-8 to be supported
Grow.
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| CN105087384A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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