CN105067227B - A kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system - Google Patents
A kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting systems, comprising optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system, display control program and turret systems, optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system and display control program are all located on turret systems.The present invention acquires laser facula using CCD camera combination Synchronization Control acquisition technique in real time, hot spot data are analyzed again, so as to obtain the stability information of laser remote field optical axis, solve the problems, such as synchronous acquisition representation of laser facula so that acquisition system can automatically, in real time, completely collect continuous light spot image;For the optical system of far-field measurement design, remote, background complexity wild environment can adapt to.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser remote field optical axises to carry out stability inspection technology, particularly a kind of pulse laser far field optical axis
Detection of Stability system.
Background technology
Laser has the characteristics that brightness is high, monochromaticjty is good and good directionality, therefore the application of laser has spread all over science and technology, warp
Ji, the military and other development fields of society.Laser is typically limited to short-range indoor application at present, and remote outdoor
It, can be there are atmospheric turbulance and the non-uniform influence of air index, along with laser in itself on laser emission path under environment
The influence that cavity temperature changes during the vibrations of resonator and laser generate, can eventually lead to the shake of laser emitting optical axis
And laser beam extension effect (variation of the angle of divergence).
In practical applications, the presence of optical jitter and beam spread effect can cause hot spot of the laser in target to be trembled
It is dynamic so that the envelope size of hot spot reality is more than preset area, this may and can cause such as laser ranging, laser guidance,
In the application of technique of laser range gated imaging etc., the echo strength for the laser that detector receives every time differs or even will appear
Because amount of jitter is excessive, the situation of test leakage is caused to occur.The presence of such case can influence measurement accuracy, the laser of laser ranging
Accuracy of guidance etc. leads to the appearance of mistake information, so, before laser is integrated to various systems, to laser
Device carries out the analysis of far field optical axis stable, i.e., the quantitative optical jitter amount for providing laser and angle of divergence amount of jitter just become
It is particularly important.
At present, the mainstream for testing measurement is the CCD class laser beam analyzers developed based on videographic measurment theory, and foreign countries are
There are multiple commercial vendors to release the commercialized laser analysis instrument for completing closely optical axis stable analysis, such as Thorlabs companies
BC106 series and Duma Optronics companies of Israel BeamOnHR.
The Laser Beam Quality Analysis work of the country starts to walk for foreign countries also than later, maturation domestic at present
The commercialization laser beam analyzer of independent research is also difficult to see, also rest on mostly laboratory internal research and development state, as Beijing with
Track and Research on Communication Technology institute (far-field laser Optical spot measurement system exploitations of [1] Zhang Yingxin, Wang Yunping, the Wang Yu based on CCD with
Using [J] photoelectric technology applications, 2011,04:11-13+52.), China People's Liberation Army General Armament Department Ordnance Technology Research Institute
(" laser spot collector with low frequency and narrow pulse ", the patent No. 200910074771.4) passes through to home and abroad laser beam quality point
Analysis system investigation with compared with it can be found that foreign countries Laser Beam Quality Analysis instrument either in structure, principle still in work(
Energy and cost will conveniently be far superior to the Laser Beam Quality Analysis instrument of domestic independent research, but either the country is gone back at present
External, existing Laser Beam Quality Analysis system can be only applied to the fairly simple interior of short distance, environment mostly, for away from
From farther out, the more complicated outdoor environment of environment, also almost without too many research, this is allowed for being applied to far field outdoor environment
Laser beam stability analysis become abnormal difficult.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting systems, and far field can be swashed
The optical axis stable of light device is analyzed and is detected.
Realize the object of the invention technical solution be:A kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system,
Include optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system, display control program and turret systems, optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system
System and display control program are all located on turret systems;
The Synchronization Control acquisition system includes APD detectors, Near Infrared CCD camera, FPGA board, wherein FPGA electricity
Road plate includes time delay module, APD detectors outputting standard Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal to FPGA board, through prolonging in FPGA board
When module delay after output to Near Infrared CCD camera, control its time for exposure;
The optical system corresponds to optical lens including APD detectors, Near Infrared CCD camera corresponds to optical lens and two
Narrow band filter slice, wherein two same optical axises of optical lens, and narrow band filter slice is placed respectively after two optical lens, suppression
The light pulse that the influence of bias light processed, wherein APD detectors correspond to optical lens collection passes through aperture after spike filter
Diaphragm inputs APD detectors;
The display control program is connect with Near Infrared CCD camera, sets acquisition parameter and the reception of Near Infrared CCD camera
Near Infrared CCD camera acquired image data, and light spot image is analyzed and processed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage:(1) CCD camera combination Synchronization Control acquisition technique pair is utilized
Laser facula is acquired in real time, then hot spot data are analyzed, so as to obtain the stability information of laser remote field optical axis,
Solve the problems, such as synchronous acquisition representation of laser facula so that acquisition system can automatically, in real time, completely collect continuous light
Spot image.(2) for the optical system of far-field measurement design, it can adapt to remote, background complexity wild environment.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the camera imaging area schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the object lens imaging relations figure (laser beam axis stabilization) of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the object lens imaging relations figure (laser beam axis shake) of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the sequence diagram of the Synchronization Control acquisition system of the present invention:(a) light pulse that laser is sent out, (b) generation are represented
The response impulse of Table A PD detectors output, (c) represents this pulse is counted when response impulse is input to FPGA board
Delay figure.
Fig. 6 is the system principle diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the work flow diagram of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is original light spot image.
Fig. 9 be it is smooth after light spot image.
Figure 10 is the light spot image after opening and closing operation.
Figure 11 is the light spot image edge that Canny operators detect.
Figure 12 is least square method circle fitting algorithm fitting circle design sketch.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention includes optical system, synchronization
Acquisition system, display control program and turret systems are controlled, optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system, display control program are all
On turret systems;The turret systems are mainly made of the U-shaped turntable of two dimension and support tripod.
The Synchronization Control acquisition system includes APD (avalanche diode) detector, Near Infrared CCD camera, FPGA circuitry
Plate, wherein FPGA board include time delay module, and APD detector outputting standard Transistor-Transistor Logic level signals are to FPGA board, through FPGA
Output controls when it exposes (time for exposure) to Near Infrared CCD camera after time delay module delay in circuit board.
The optical system corresponds to optical lens including APD detectors, Near Infrared CCD camera corresponds to optical lens and two
Narrow band filter slice, wherein two same optical axises of optical lens, and narrow band filter slice is placed respectively after two optical lens, suppression
The light pulse that the influence of bias light processed, wherein APD detectors correspond to optical lens collection passes through aperture after spike filter
Diaphragm inputs APD detectors.
The display control program is connect with Near Infrared CCD camera, sets acquisition parameter and the reception of Near Infrared CCD camera
Near Infrared CCD camera acquired image data, and light spot image is analyzed and processed.Display control program can be to touch
Formula tablet computer.Touch tablet computer is connect by gigabit network cable with Near Infrared CCD camera.Touch tablet computer can be with
Turret systems are communicated by RS485 serial ports can also be adjusted manually come the rotation for controlling turntable or turret systems.
The Near Infrared CCD camera of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention corresponds to the coke of optical lens
Away from for:One is to ensure that the areas imaging of Near Infrared CCD camera will include the range of hot spot and its shake;Second is that in order to ensure foot
Enough detection accuracies, it is desirable that hot spot often shakes 0.01mrad on target, and hot spot is at least 3 mobile on infrared CCD camera target surface
Pixel.Determine that the focal length process that Near Infrared CCD camera corresponds to optical lens is:
The areas imaging of Near Infrared CCD camera target surface is required as shown in Fig. 2, a-quadrant is target range, and B area is camera
Target surface coverage, C regions are hot spot ranges, and the region between B (black region) and C (white area) region is hot spot shake
Range.
If spot radius is R, reception objective focal length is f, and radius of the hot spot on target is H, between target and detection object lens
Distance is l, and when hot spot is stablized, then imaging relations are as shown in Figure 3.From imaging relations:
When hot spot is shaken, imaging relations can become as shown in Figure 4.By new imaging relations it is found that the radius of new hot spot
Range H1And H2:
Δ R refers to the amount of hot spot shake, then displacement distance Δ H of the hot spot on infrared CCD camera target surface is:
Mobile pixel number cnt of the hot spot on infrared CCD camera target surface be:
In above formula, a is single pixel length of side of infrared CCD camera;
If laser divergence angle is θ, target is the square that the length of side is A, and the distance of laser transmitting system to target is L,
Hot spot maximum jitter angle is β, then by being analyzed above it is found that the relationship between parameters should meet following a few formulas:
X, Y are the length and width of infrared CCD camera target surface respectively in above formula, and n often shakes Δ θ, infrared CCD for hot spot on target
Corresponding mobile pixel number on camera target surface, a are the camera list pixel length of side.
By above three formula, can obtain focal length should meet:
f≥0.15n
θ is the angle of divergence of laser, and the maximum value of θ is 0.5mrad, and n is integer (can be more than or equal to 3).If set L
=2000m, A=2m, β=0.05mrad can be calculated after bringing concrete numerical value into, the model of camera lens focal length f met the requirements
It encloses for 480mm to 640mm.
The corresponding areas imaging of APD detector target surfaces of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention with
The areas imaging of infrared CCD camera is consistent, and the focal length that APD detectors correspond to optical lens meets following formula:
In above formula, r is APD detector target surface diameters.
If setting L=2000m, A=2m, β=0.05mrad can be calculated after bringing concrete numerical value into, the APD met the requirements
The lens focus of detector ranging from 75mm to 125mm.
With reference to Fig. 5, in pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention, Fig. 5 (a) represents laser and sends out
Light pulse, reach APD detectors target surface after, after response time t, APD detectors output response impulse, such as
In Fig. 5 shown in (b).This response impulse is input to FPGA board, is acted on through time delay module, and this pulse count and is prolonged
When, in Fig. 5 shown in (c), delay time T2Afterwards, FPGA board output prediction pulse, this pulse is Near Infrared CCD camera
Trigger signal, frequency is consistent with laser pulse frequency, but it has an advanced phase T relative to laser pulse1, i.e.,
The trigger pulse of Near Infrared CCD camera generates, and before the arrival of each laser pulse between trigger pulse and laser pulse
Time interval T1It immobilizes.
Delay time T2With leading phase T1Specific size should integrate laser frequency and Near Infrared CCD camera it is minimum
Time for exposure determines.In general, the minimum exposure time T of Near Infrared CCD camera at presentminAll more than Microsecond grade, this is long-range
In the pulsewidth of laser pulse, so the time for exposure of Near Infrared CCD camera is set as minimum, air can be effectively reduced in this way
Back scattering and the influence of stray light.
The period of laser pulse is T, and setting laser facula time of occurrence is in the centre bit of Near Infrared CCD time for exposure
It puts, then the set counting delay time T for APD explorer response pulses in FPGA board2For:
Synchronization Control acquisition system is Synchronization Control acquisition technique, not only can accurately be collected with this technology continuous
, complete light spot image, the back scattering of air and the influence of bias light can also be reduced.
With reference to Fig. 7, the course of work of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system of the present invention is as follows:
The first step is acquired setting by display control program, sets laser pulse period, shooting number, passes through
Turret systems adjust the orientation of whole system, bornb sight, and display control program starts to acquire image.
Second step, laser form laser facula after far field transmission in diffusing reflection target, and optical system collection is diffusely reflected
The laser energy that target reflects, the time of origin of laser pulse is detected by APD detectors in real time, and exports real-time response arteries and veins
Punching;Known laser pulse frequency, it is contemplated that the next laser pulse closed on reaches the time of optical system, utilizes FPGA board
To APD detectors output response impulse into line delay, and enable delay pulse accurately next laser pulse arrival
It generates before;Near Infrared CCD camera imaging is triggered using delay pulse, collects the hot spot figure of the laser pulse of next arrival
Picture is transferred to display control program, and after collected light spot image number reaches preset shooting number, acquisition terminates;Not yet
Have and reach setting number, continue to acquire.
Third walks, and the light spot image of acquisition is analyzed, first, (regional choice, intermediate value are first pre-processed to image
Filtering, opening and closing operation, edge extracting), to reduce the influence of the interference of background, atmospheric perturbation, the influence of CCD intrinsic noises.
Regional choice:Since there may be other scenery in the visual field of Near Infrared CCD camera, subsequent processing can be influenced, is passed through
Regional choice is crossed, processing region is reduced in target, the degree of purity of image handled by raising
Medium filtering:Many of original image independently of the pixel except hot spot main part, these pixels
In the presence of the edge of hot spot is caused to thicken, this can lead to the reduction of follow-up profile extraction accuracy, so by these noise spots
It is removed from light spot image so that the edge clear of image is visible.Medium filtering is a kind of nonlinear smothing filtering method, with picture
The intermediate value of grey scale pixel value in vegetarian refreshments neighborhood substitutes current grayvalue, and two dimension median filter mathematic(al) representation is as follows:
Fi,j=MedA{Xi,j}
In above formula, A is filter window, Xi,jFor the grey scale pixel value in A, Fi,jGray scale for current filter window center point
Value.Medium filtering can be eliminated such as the isolated noise spot of the hot spot edge in Fig. 8.Meanwhile medium filtering can also be protected
The marginal information of image, and have good smooth effect to image.Fig. 9 is the light spot image after median filter smoothness of image.
Opening and closing operation:Assuming that E represents a two-dimentional theorem in Euclid space, image A is a subset of E, and structural element B is also E
A subset, b is a point in E, and erosion operation is defined as:
Dilation operation is defined as:
Opening operation is that A opens B, i.e. A is first corroded by B, then by B expansions as a result, being defined as follows:
Closed operation is that A closes B, i.e. A is first expanded by B, then by B corrosion as a result, being defined as follows:
Structural element is used to carry out an opening operation and closed operation, handling result to figure respectively for 5 × 5 square
As shown in Figure 10, opening and closing operation can eliminate noise well, fill up hole and smooth edges.
Edge extracting:The extraction of marginal information is carried out using Canny operators, (specific method is shown in Zhou Xiaoming etc. to Canny operators
A kind of improved Canny operator edge detections algorithm [J] Surveying Engineering, 2008,17 (1):28-31) utilize Gaussian function
First differential obtains preferable balance between noise suppressed and edge detection, has good edge detection performance, Canny
The hot spot edge that operator detected is as shown in figure 11.
Secondly, after pretreatment when center intensity (calculate without edge treated) according to scheming obtained by Near Infrared CCD camera
As the gray scale difference of each pixel, the center of gravity for calculating hot spot (calculates the method for the center of gravity of hot spot referring to the laser light of Sun Aixian etc.
Spot barycenter test Precision Theory analyzes [J] laser technologies, 2004,28 (6):667-672.), i.e. center intensity.
Assuming that light spot image is in two-dimensional coordinate system, image size is M*N, and F (i, j) is image at pixel (i, j)
The gray value at place, then grey scale centre of gravity calculation formula be:
Again, it carries out hot spot fitting with least square method circle fitting algorithm, calculates the centre of form of individual light spot image, i.e., it is several
What center.Least square method circle fitting algorithm is to approach laser according to the principle of least square (i.e. the flat method of residual error and minimum) with circle
Light spot profile.
Round general equation is:
(x-A)2+(y-B)2=R2
It can be written as again:
R2=x2-2Ax+A2+y2-2By+B2
Wherein (A, B) is the central coordinate of circle of circle, and R is the radius of circle.
Enable a=-2A, b=-2B, c=A2+B2-R2, then circle another form be:
x2+y2+ ax+by+c=0
{(Xi,Yi), i ∈ (1,2,3......N) } be point on the hot spot edge extracted, then its distance to the center of circle is
di:
di 2=(Xi-A)2+(Yi-B)2
Point (Xi,Yi) to the square distance in the center of circle and the poor σ of radius squarediFor:
σi=di 2-R2=Xi 2+Yi 2+aXi+bYi+c
If σiQuadratic sum for Q (a, b, c), to make the circle fitted and practical circle closest, seek to take properly
A, the value of b, c so that the value minimum of Q (a, b, c)[40]。
Q (a, b, c)=Σ σi 2=Σ (Xi 2+Yi 2+aXi+bYi+c)2
By mathematical theory it is found that the minimum point of Q (a, b, c) is also centainly extreme point, therefore as shown in following three formula, Q is used
(a, b, c) seeks local derviation to a, b, c respectively, and local derviation is enabled to be equal to 0, it can be found that the solution of a, b, c are unique, i.e., extreme point is unique, therefore
The a solved at this time, b, c can exactly make the parameter of the value minimum of Q (a, b, c).
By three above equation, three unknown numbers a, b, c can be solved, you can obtain the geometric center of hot spot and radius difference
For:
The circle fitted with least square method circle fitting algorithm is as shown in figure 12.
Finally, after the geometry of one group of light spot image being continuously shot, center intensity is calculated, corresponding broken line is generated
Figure, abscissa are figure serial number, and ordinate is the geometric center of hot spot or the X values or Y value of center intensity coordinate, is controlled by showing
System processed is shown, can reflect glossing up geometric center or center intensity in the horizontal direction or the variation of vertical direction becomes
Gesture;One group of light spot image geometry, the standard deviation of center intensity, average deviation and the average angle of deviation are calculated, if being less than
Permitted maximum value then meets the stability requirement of laser, if more than permitted maximum value, does not then meet laser
Stability requirement, so as to obtain the stability information of laser optical axis.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system, it is characterised in that adopted comprising optical system, Synchronization Control
Collecting system, display control program and turret systems, optical system, Synchronization Control acquisition system and display control program are all located at turning
In platform system;
The Synchronization Control acquisition system includes APD detectors, Near Infrared CCD camera, wherein FPGA board, FPGA board
Include time delay module, APD detectors outputting standard Transistor-Transistor Logic level signal to FPGA board, through the delay mould in FPGA board
Output controls its time for exposure to Near Infrared CCD camera after block delay;
The optical system corresponds to optical lens including APD detectors, Near Infrared CCD camera corresponds to optical lens and two narrowbands
Filter plate, wherein two same optical axises of optical lens, and place narrow band filter slice respectively after two optical lens inhibit the back of the body
The light pulse that the influence of scape light, wherein APD detectors correspond to optical lens collection passes through aperture diaphragm after narrow band filter slice
Input APD detectors;
The display control program is connect with Near Infrared CCD camera, is set the acquisition parameter of Near Infrared CCD camera and is received near red
Outer CCD camera acquired image data, and light spot image is analyzed and processed;
The focal length that the Near Infrared CCD camera corresponds to optical lens is:First, the areas imaging of Near Infrared CCD camera includes hot spot
And its range of shake;Second is that hot spot often shakes 0.01mrad on target, hot spot at least moves on Near Infrared CCD camera target surface
3 pixels;It is as follows that its focal length asks for process:
If spot radius is R, reception objective focal length is f, and radius of the hot spot on target is H, and target is with receiving object distance between mirrors
For l, when hot spot is stablized, from imaging relations:
When hot spot is shaken, by new imaging relations it is found that the radius H of new hot spot1And H2:
Δ R refers to the amount of hot spot shake, then displacement distance Δ H of the hot spot on Near Infrared CCD camera target surface is:
Mobile pixel number cnt of the hot spot on Near Infrared CCD camera target surface be:
In above formula, a is single pixel length of side of Near Infrared CCD camera;
If laser divergence angle is θ, target is the square that the length of side is A, and the distance of laser transmitting system to target is L, hot spot
Maximum jitter angle is β, then by being analyzed above it is found that the relationship between parameters should meet following a few formulas:
X, Y are the length and width of Near Infrared CCD camera target surface respectively in above formula, and n often shakes Δ θ, Near Infrared CCD for hot spot on target
Corresponding mobile pixel number on camera target surface, a are the camera list pixel length of side;
By above three formula, can obtain focal length should meet:
f≥0.15n
θ is the angle of divergence of laser, and the maximum value of θ is 0.5mrad, and n is integer.
2. pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that laser is sent out
After the laser pulse gone out reaches the target surface of APD detectors, after response time t, APD detectors output response impulse,
This response impulse is input to FPGA board, is acted on through time delay module, pulse for this response carries out counting delay, delay time
T2Afterwards, FPGA board output prediction pulse, this pulse are Near Infrared CCD camera trigger signal, and frequency is sent out with laser
The laser pulse frequency gone out is consistent, but it has an advanced phase T relative to the laser pulse that laser is sent out1, i.e.,
Laser pulse that the trigger pulse of Near Infrared CCD camera is sent out in each laser generates before arriving, and trigger pulse with
Time interval T between the laser pulse that laser is sent out1It immobilizes;
Delay time T2With leading phase T1Specific size should integrate the frequency of laser and the lowest exposure of Near Infrared CCD camera
Time determines:The period for the laser pulse that laser is sent out is T, and setting laser facula time of occurrence is in Near Infrared CCD camera
The center of time for exposure, the then set counting delay time T for APD explorer response pulses in FPGA board2
For:
Wherein, TminFor the minimum exposure time.
3. pulse laser far field optical axis stable detecting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that APD detectors
The corresponding areas imaging of target surface is consistent with the areas imaging of Near Infrared CCD camera, and APD detectors correspond to the focal length of optical lens
For:
In above formula, r is APD detector target surface diameters.
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CN108844463A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-20 | 南京理工大学 | Underground piping dimensional orientation measuring system and method based on laser spot position |
CN110186653B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-22 | 长春理工大学 | Optical axis consistency calibration and split image fixed focus adjustment device and method for non-imaging system |
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