CN105044519B - A kind of transforming plant DC interconnection, mixed on-line identification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的在线辨识方法采用基于漏电电流检测法和低频信号注入法来实现对各种直流互联或混用情况的在线辨识。当互联电阻较小，能够满足漏电流传感器检测时，根据漏电电流检测法实时辨识出直流互联支路，然后检查当前改、接了哪些二次电缆，极大地缩小的检查范围。当互联电阻较大，则需要采用基于低频信号注入法来实现在线辨识同极互联或不同极互联。当只有在做整组传动试验时出现临时性导通的直流混用情况，则需要结合保护装置的动作行为进行综合分析和排查。
The invention relates to an online identification method for direct current interconnection and mixed use of substations. The online identification method adopts a leakage current detection method and a low-frequency signal injection method to realize online identification of various direct current interconnection or mixed use situations. When the interconnection resistance is small enough to meet the leakage current sensor detection, the DC interconnection branch is identified in real time according to the leakage current detection method, and then check which secondary cables are currently modified and connected, greatly reducing the inspection range. When the interconnection resistance is large, it is necessary to use a low-frequency signal injection method to realize online identification of the same-polarity interconnection or different-polarity interconnection. When the DC hybrid situation of temporary conduction occurs only during the whole group of transmission tests, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive analysis and investigation in combination with the action behavior of the protection device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及变电站直流系统，具体是一种变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法。The invention relates to a DC system of a substation, in particular to an online identification method for DC interconnection and mixed use of a substation.
背景技术Background technique
直流电源是变电站所有继电保护、自动化以及二次控制回路、断路器分合闸等设备的工作电源。直流电源系统的安全可靠性影响着变电站的安全运行，关系到整个电网的安全生产。随着直流电源在电力、通信等应用并要求系统的可靠性，要求两段独立直流电源系统并存，对于供电要求特别高的设备，采用双电源供电。The DC power supply is the working power supply for all relay protection, automation, secondary control circuits, circuit breaker opening and closing equipment in the substation. The safety and reliability of the DC power system affects the safe operation of the substation and is related to the safe production of the entire power grid. As the DC power supply is used in electric power, communication and other applications and requires the reliability of the system, two independent DC power supply systems are required to coexist. For equipment with particularly high power supply requirements, dual power supply is used.
在双电源系统下，由于设备故障、人工操作等因素，容易造成两段直流电源系统发生非预期的互联或混用。两段母线互联回路，对系统维护、设备装置检修、断开保护存在着很大的危害，同时会干扰微机绝缘监测仪的监测，造成误判接地等现象，对于检修人员的人身安全更是极大的隐患。由于支路网络复杂，挂接设备繁多，当发生直流混用时，支路互窜具有极强隐蔽性，查找互窜支路有相当的难度，破坏了双重化保护用直流独立性原则，易造成保护拒动。Under the dual power supply system, due to factors such as equipment failure and manual operation, it is easy to cause unexpected interconnection or mixed use of the two DC power supply systems. The two-section busbar interconnection circuit has great harm to system maintenance, equipment maintenance, and disconnection protection. At the same time, it will interfere with the monitoring of the computer insulation monitor, resulting in misjudgment of grounding and other phenomena, which is extremely harmful to the personal safety of maintenance personnel. Big hidden danger. Due to the complexity of the branch network and the large number of connected devices, when the DC mixed use occurs, the branch crossing is extremely concealed, and it is quite difficult to find the crossing branch, which destroys the principle of DC independence for dual protection, which is easy to cause Protection refuses to move.
目前广泛使用微机式绝缘监测仪实现自动接地巡线，极大的提高了对直流系统的监控水平，但缺乏对直流互联或混用的在线辨识功能。往往是在所有接线结束，甚至是功能试验完成后，再次手动校核直流的独立性，甚至在某些特殊情况下，采用传统的方法无法辨识出直流互联情况。At present, computer-based insulation monitors are widely used to realize automatic grounding inspection, which greatly improves the monitoring level of the DC system, but lacks the online identification function for DC interconnection or mixed use. Often after all the wiring is completed, or even after the functional test is completed, the independence of the DC is manually checked again, and even in some special cases, the DC interconnection cannot be identified using the traditional method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的在线辨识方法采用基于漏电电流检测法和低频信号注入法来实现对各种直流互联或混用情况的在线辨识。当互联电阻较小，能够满足漏电流传感器检测时，根据漏电电流检测法实时辨识出直流互联支路，然后检查当前改、接了哪些二次电缆，极大地缩小的检查范围。当互联电阻较大，则需要采用基于低频信号注入法来实现在线辨识同极互联或不同极互联。当只有在做整组传动试验时出现临时性导通的直流混用情况，则需要结合保护装置的动作行为进行综合分析和排查。用以解决目前缺乏对直流互联或混用的在线辨识功能，甚至无法辨识出直流互联情况的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online identification method for DC interconnection and mixed use of substations. The online identification method uses a leakage current detection method and a low-frequency signal injection method to realize online identification of various DC interconnection or mixed use situations. When the interconnection resistance is small enough to meet the leakage current sensor detection, the DC interconnection branch is identified in real time according to the leakage current detection method, and then check which secondary cables are currently modified and connected, greatly reducing the inspection range. When the interconnection resistance is large, it is necessary to use a low-frequency signal injection method to realize online identification of the same-polarity interconnection or different-polarity interconnection. When the DC hybrid situation of temporary conduction occurs only during the whole group of transmission tests, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive analysis and investigation in combination with the action behavior of the protection device. It is used to solve the problem of the current lack of online identification function for DC interconnection or mixed use, or even the inability to identify the DC interconnection situation.
为实现上述目的，本发明的方案是：一种变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的在线辨识方法包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is: an online identification method for substation DC interconnection and mixed use, and the online identification method includes the following steps:
(1)在变电站双直流电源的直流回路的接入/改线工作中，若第一直流电源和第二直流电源的支路互联电阻较小，且能够满足漏电流传感器检测要求，则根据漏电流检测法实时检测互联回路的漏电流，并根据检测到的漏电流辨识发生互联的支路；(1) In the connection/rerouting work of the DC circuit of the dual DC power supply in the substation, if the branch interconnection resistance of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply is small and can meet the detection requirements of the leakage current sensor, then according to the leakage current The current detection method detects the leakage current of the interconnection circuit in real time, and identifies the branch circuit where the interconnection occurs according to the detected leakage current;
(2)若互联电阻较大或者两直流电源的支路发生同级互联，漏电流传感器无法检测到回路中的漏电电流，则采用基于低频信号的辨识方法，在第一直流电源或第二直流电源的正极或负极注入低频信号，进行互联辨识；(2) If the interconnection resistance is large or the branch circuits of two DC power sources are interconnected at the same level, and the leakage current sensor cannot detect the leakage current in the circuit, the identification method based on low-frequency signals is used to detect the leakage current in the first DC power source or the second DC power source. The positive or negative pole of the DC power supply injects low-frequency signals for interconnection identification;
(3)若在第一直流电源的一段支路和第二直流电源的一段支路的同极检测到所述的低频信号，则第一直流电源和第二直流电源的这两段支路发生同极互联；(3) If the low-frequency signal is detected at the same pole of a branch of the first DC power supply and a branch of the second DC power supply, the two branches of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply The same polarity interconnection occurs in the road;
若在第一直流电源和第二直流电源的不同极检测到低频信号，则第一直流电源和第二直流电源的这两段支路发生不同极的互串；If a low-frequency signal is detected at different poles of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply, the two branches of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are connected to each other at different poles;
(4)在做整组传动试验时，若两直流电源发生支路的混用，保护装置的动作会使混用的支路回路临时导通，从而漏电流传感器短时检测到漏电电流信号，工作人员根据漏电流信息，结合保护装置的动作信息进行综合分析和排查，并具体到相关支路的控制回路中，确定直流混用范围；(4) When doing the whole set of transmission test, if the branch circuits of the two DC power sources are mixed, the action of the protection device will temporarily conduct the mixed branch circuit, so that the leakage current sensor detects the leakage current signal for a short time, and the staff According to the leakage current information, combined with the action information of the protection device, comprehensive analysis and investigation are carried out, and specific to the control loop of the relevant branch to determine the range of DC mixed use;
(5)在所有工作都结束后，退出基于低频信号的直流互联混用的检测。(5) After all the work is finished, exit the detection of DC interconnection mixed use based on low-frequency signals.
根据本发明所述的变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的漏电流传感器为交直流漏电流传感器；According to the on-line identification method for substation DC interconnection and mixed use according to the present invention, the leakage current sensor is an AC and DC leakage current sensor;
根据本发明所述的变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的交直流漏电流传感器包括DC电流传感器、AC电流传感器和单片机，DC电流传感器通过第一开关将其与单片机相连的线路接通，AC电流传感器通过第二开关将其与单片机相连的线路接通，所述的DC电流传感器的信号输出端以及AC电流传感器的信号输出端均与单片机的输入端连通。According to the online identification method for substation DC interconnection and mixed use according to the present invention, the AC and DC leakage current sensor includes a DC current sensor, an AC current sensor and a single-chip microcomputer, and the DC current sensor is connected to the line connected to the single-chip microcomputer through the first switch. On, the AC current sensor is connected to the line connected to the single-chip microcomputer through the second switch, and the signal output end of the DC current sensor and the signal output end of the AC current sensor are both connected to the input end of the single-chip microcomputer.
根据本发明所述的变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的单片机通过RS485或RS232连接显示器，便于工作人员对回路的漏电流检测情况进行监测。According to the on-line identification method for substation direct current interconnection and hybrid use described in the present invention, the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the display through RS485 or RS232, which is convenient for staff to monitor the leakage current detection of the circuit.
根据本发明所述的变电站直流互联、混用的在线辨识方法，所述的单片机连接报警装置，当检测到直流互联或混用时，单片机发出控制信号给报警装置，由报警装置发出告警信号，提醒工作人员进行线路排查，找出互联支路，或者通过对保护动作信息的综合分析，判定直流混用的范围。According to the online identification method for substation DC interconnection and mixed use of the present invention, the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the alarm device. When the DC interconnection or mixed use is detected, the single-chip microcomputer sends a control signal to the alarm device, and the alarm device sends an alarm signal to remind the work Personnel check the line to find out the interconnection branch, or determine the range of DC mixed use through comprehensive analysis of protection action information.
本发明达到的有益效果：本发明的方法实现了在线检测直流互联或混用，在发生直流互联或混用时立即发出告警，方便排查故障，提高效率。基于低频信号的检测方法，不受互联电阻大小的影响，有很好的适用性。基于漏电电流和保护动作信息综合分析的方法，能在传动实验室发现隐藏性直流混用现象。本方法在需要改变传统的在线监测程序及采用能同时监测直流和交流的电流传感器即可实现，具有较好的推广性。The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: the method of the present invention realizes online detection of DC interconnection or mixed use, and immediately sends an alarm when DC interconnection or mixed use occurs, which facilitates troubleshooting and improves efficiency. The detection method based on the low-frequency signal is not affected by the size of the interconnection resistance and has good applicability. Based on the method of comprehensive analysis of leakage current and protection action information, hidden DC hybrid phenomena can be found in the transmission laboratory. The method can be realized by changing the traditional on-line monitoring program and adopting a current sensor capable of simultaneously monitoring direct current and alternating current, and has good popularization.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是两直流电源同级互联的情况示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the interconnection of two DC power supplies at the same level;
图2是两直流电源不同级互串的情况示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the situation where two DC power supplies are connected in series at different levels;
图3是两直流电源混用的情况示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the mixed use of two DC power supplies;
图4是交直流漏电流检测传感器的原理图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an AC/DC leakage current detection sensor;
图5是本发明在线辨识方法流程图。Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the online identification method of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，第一直流电源的支路i和第二直流电源的支路j发生同极互联，第一直流电源的支路i的正极通过电阻RL与第二直流电源的支路j的正极互联，无论RL是大是小，在正常运行情况下，都无法检测到漏电电流，无法识别同极互联。只有当互联中的某一极发送直流接地后，将导致另外一极的电压也降低，同时出现漏电电流。As shown in Figure 1, the branch i of the first DC power supply and the branch j of the second DC power supply are interconnected at the same pole, and the positive pole of the branch i of the first DC power supply is connected to the second DC power supply through the resistor RL . For the positive interconnection of branch j, regardless of whether RL is large or small, the leakage current cannot be detected under normal operating conditions, and the homopolar interconnection cannot be identified. Only when one pole in the interconnection is sent to DC ground, the voltage of the other pole will also decrease, and leakage current will appear at the same time.
如图2所示，第一直流电源的一段支路i和第二直流电源的一段支路j不同极互串，第一直流电源的一段支路i正极通过电阻RL与第二直流电源的一段支路j的负极互联，当RL很小时，互联支路的回路存在漏电电流；当RL很大时，无法检测到回路中的漏电电流。As shown in Figure 2, different poles of a branch i of the first DC power supply and a branch j of the second DC power supply are connected in series, and the positive pole of a branch i of the first DC power supply is connected to the second DC through a resistor RL The negative poles of a branch j of the power supply are interconnected. When RL is small, there is a leakage current in the circuit of the interconnected branch; when RL is large, the leakage current in the circuit cannot be detected.
如图3所示，第一直流电源支路i和第二直流电源支路j混用，互联支路i的正极接于第一直流电源的正极，互联支路i的负极接于第二直流电源的负极，支路i和支路j共用同一个负极，发生支路混用。在正常情况下，混用的回路是开路，无法检测到漏电电流，只有保护动作，回路临时导通后才能检测到漏电电流。As shown in Figure 3, the first DC power supply branch i and the second DC power supply branch j are mixed, the positive pole of the interconnection branch i is connected to the positive pole of the first DC power supply, and the negative pole of the interconnection branch i is connected to the second The negative pole of the DC power supply, the branch i and the branch j share the same negative pole, and the branches are mixed. Under normal circumstances, the mixed circuit is open, and the leakage current cannot be detected. The leakage current can only be detected after the protection action and the circuit is temporarily turned on.
对于图1和图2所示的两种情况，为了辨识正常情况下的同极或不同极互联，可以通过投切Rp1，Rp2来模拟低频交流信号。例如，在第一直流电源正极上模拟出低频信号，若第二直流电源正极检测到低频信号，则第一直流电源和第二直流电源的正极互联；若第二直流电源负极检测到低频信号，则第一直流电源的正极和第二直流电源的负极互串。For the two situations shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in order to identify the same-polarity or different-polarity interconnection under normal conditions, low-frequency AC signals can be simulated by switching Rp1 and Rp2. For example, if a low-frequency signal is simulated on the positive pole of the first DC power supply, if a low-frequency signal is detected at the positive pole of the second DC power supply, the positive poles of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are interconnected; if a low-frequency signal is detected at the negative pole of the second DC power supply signal, the positive pole of the first DC power supply and the negative pole of the second DC power supply are connected in series.
对于图3所示的直流混用，当保护动作、接点闭合时，检测到漏电电流，同时结合保护动作信息，可以具体到相关线路的控制回路，方便直流混用的查找。For the DC mixed use shown in Figure 3, when the protection operates and the contacts are closed, the leakage current is detected, and combined with the protection action information, it can be specific to the control loop of the relevant line, which is convenient for the search of the DC mixed use.
如图4所示，本发明方法采用的交直流漏电流传感器包括DC电流传感器、AC电流传感器和单片机，DC电流传感器通过K1将其与单片机相连的线路接通，AC电流传感器通过K2将其与单片机相连的线路接通，当K1合上，K2断开时，DC电流传感器工作，可选择PWM或ADC输出。当K1断开，K2闭合时，AC电流传感器工作。所述的DC电流传感器的信号输出端以及AC电流传感器的信号输出端均与单片机的输入端连通，在进行漏电流检测时，将检测到的漏电流信号输出到单片机。As shown in Figure 4, the AC/DC leakage current sensor that the inventive method adopts comprises DC current sensor, AC current sensor and single-chip microcomputer, and DC current sensor is connected with the circuit that it links to each other with single-chip microcomputer by K1, and AC current sensor is connected with it by K2 The line connected to the microcontroller is connected, when K1 is closed and K2 is disconnected, the DC current sensor works, and PWM or ADC output can be selected. When K1 is disconnected and K2 is closed, the AC current sensor works. Both the signal output end of the DC current sensor and the signal output end of the AC current sensor are connected to the input end of the single-chip microcomputer, and when the leakage current detection is performed, the detected leakage current signal is output to the single-chip microcomputer.
单片机的信号输出端可以通过RS485或RS232连接显示器，便于对漏电流检测情况进行监测，同时，单片机还可以连接报警装置，当检测到两直流电源系统发生直流互联、混用时，单片机发出控制信号给报警装置，由报警装置发出告警信号，提醒工作人员，由工作人员进行线路排查，找出互联支路，或者通过排查以及综合分析，判定直流混用的范围。The signal output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer can be connected to the display through RS485 or RS232, which is convenient for monitoring the leakage current detection. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer can also be connected to the alarm device. The alarm device sends out an alarm signal to remind the staff, and the staff conducts line investigation to find out the interconnection branch, or through investigation and comprehensive analysis to determine the range of DC mixed use.
目前微小交直流电流检测传感器参数如下：DC电流传感器，最小电流检测精度为+-0.1mA；AC电流传感器，最小电流检测精度为+-0.01mA。一般RL不会超过100KΩ，满足交流低频信号的要求。At present, the parameters of micro AC and DC current detection sensors are as follows: DC current sensor, the minimum current detection accuracy is +-0.1mA; AC current sensor, the minimum current detection accuracy is +-0.01mA. Generally, RL will not exceed 100KΩ, which meets the requirements of AC low-frequency signals.
如图5所示，本发明方法的具体过程如下：As shown in Figure 5, the concrete process of the inventive method is as follows:
(1)在变电站双直流电源的直流回路的接入、改线工作中，若第一直流电源和第二直流电源的支路发生互联，且互联电阻较小，能够满足漏电流传感器检测要求，则根据漏电流检测法辨识互联支路。(1) During the connection and rerouting work of the DC circuit of the dual DC power supply in the substation, if the branches of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are interconnected, and the interconnection resistance is small, it can meet the detection requirements of the leakage current sensor. The interconnection branch is identified according to the leakage current detection method.
在进行漏电流检测时，由漏电流传感器实时检测互联支路的回路漏电流，若检测到回路漏电流，则判定两条支路发生互联。When performing leakage current detection, the leakage current sensor detects the loop leakage current of the interconnected branch in real time. If the loop leakage current is detected, it is determined that the two branches are interconnected.
(2)若互联电阻较大或者两直流电源的支路发生同级互联，漏电流传感器无法检测到回路中的漏电电流，则采用基于低频信号的辨识方法，在第一直流电源或第二直流电源的正极或负极注入低频信号，进行互联辨识。(2) If the interconnection resistance is large or the branch circuits of two DC power sources are interconnected at the same level, and the leakage current sensor cannot detect the leakage current in the circuit, the identification method based on low-frequency signals is used to detect the leakage current in the first DC power source or the second DC power source. The positive or negative pole of the DC power supply injects a low-frequency signal for interconnection identification.
(3)若在第一直流电源的一段支路i和第二直流电源的一段支路j的同极检测到所述的低频信号，则第一直流电源和第二直流电源的两段支路发生同极互联(如图1所示，支路i和支路j的正极互联)；(3) If the low-frequency signal is detected at the same pole of a branch i of the first DC power supply and a branch j of the second DC power supply, the two sections of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply Branches are interconnected with the same pole (as shown in Figure 1, the positive poles of branch i and branch j are interconnected);
若在第一直流电源和第二直流电源的不同极检测到低频信号，则第一直流电源和第二直流电源的两段支路发生不同极的互串(如图2所示，支路i的正极和支路j的负极互联)。If low-frequency signals are detected at different poles of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply, the two branches of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply will be connected to each other at different poles (as shown in Figure 2, the branch The positive pole of road i and the negative pole of branch j are interconnected).
在检测到互联故障后，单片机控制报警装置发出告警信号，提醒工作人员进行线路排查，检查当前改、接了哪些二次电缆，找出互联支路。After the interconnection fault is detected, the alarm device controlled by the single-chip microcomputer sends out an alarm signal to remind the staff to check the line, check which secondary cables are currently changed and connected, and find out the interconnection branch.
(4)在做整组传动试验时，若两直流电源发生支路混用(如图3所示，支路i与支路j的负极均连接第二直流电源的负母线，两条支路的负极发生混用)，保护装置的动作会使混用的支路回路临时导通，从而漏电流传感器短时检测到漏电电流信号，同时发出告警信号，工作人员结合保护装置的动作信息进行综合分析和排查，并具体到相关支路的控制回路中，确定直流混用范围。(4) When doing the whole set of transmission test, if the branches of the two DC power sources are mixed (as shown in Figure 3, the negative poles of the branch i and the branch j are connected to the negative bus of the second DC power supply, and the Negative electrodes are mixed), the action of the protection device will temporarily conduct the mixed branch circuit, so that the leakage current sensor detects the leakage current signal for a short time, and at the same time sends out an alarm signal, and the staff conducts a comprehensive analysis and investigation based on the action information of the protection device , and specific to the control loop of the relevant branch to determine the DC hybrid range.
(5)在所有工作结束后，退出基于低频信号的直流互联混用的检测。(5) After all the work is finished, exit the detection of DC interconnection mixed use based on low-frequency signals.
本发明实现了在线检测直流互联或混用，在发生直流互联或混用时立即发出告警，方便排查故障，提高效率。基于低频信号的检测方法，不受互联电阻大小的影响，有很好的适用性。基于漏电电流和保护动作信息综合分析的方法，能在传动实验室发现隐藏性直流混用现象。本方法只需要改变传统的在线监测程序及采用能同时监测直流和交流的漏电流传感器即可实现，具有较好的推广性。The invention realizes online detection of DC interconnection or mixed use, and immediately sends out an alarm when DC interconnection or mixed use occurs, which facilitates troubleshooting and improves efficiency. The detection method based on the low-frequency signal is not affected by the size of the interconnection resistance and has good applicability. Based on the method of comprehensive analysis of leakage current and protection action information, hidden DC hybrid phenomena can be found in the transmission laboratory. The method can be realized only by changing the traditional on-line monitoring program and adopting a leakage current sensor capable of monitoring both direct current and alternating current, and has good popularization.
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