CN105032529B - A kind of technique suitable for mycotoxin pollution wheet grading cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

A process suitable for grading and cleaning mycotoxin-contaminated wheat is characterized in that: the specific steps of the process are as follows: the wheat from the barley barn is sequentially passed through a vibrating screen, a destoner, a selection machine, a magnetic separation, After the threshing machine, it is sent to the air classifier for air classification. After the air classification, the wheat after the air classification is sent to the wheat wiping machine for wiping after passing through the strong water machine, the wheat moistening bin, the second stone removal machine, and the second magnetic separation. Peel sterilization, the wheat after peeling and sterilizing is sent to the laser color sorter through the flat rotary screen for laser color sorting, and then it is sent to the 1B Mill.

Description

A process suitable for classification and cleaning of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat

technical field

The invention relates to the separation of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat in the process of wheat flour milling in a flour mill, in particular to a process suitable for classification and cleaning of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat. The process is used for cleaning mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, and can separate the mycotoxin-contaminated wheat in a certain proportion, thereby reducing the mycotoxin content in the wheat.

Background technique

Under high-temperature and high-humidity weather conditions, grains in farmland are extremely susceptible to infection with mycotoxins. During the wheat harvest season, wheat producing areas such as the Huanghuaihai River Basin and the South in my country are high temperature and high humidity seasons, and wheat is seriously polluted by fungi. Testing for mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in grains harvested in the south showed detection rates as high as 69% and 84%, respectively. In 2010, my country's Huanghuaihai region was severely polluted by scab during the harvest season, the DON content of wheat exceeded the standard in a large area, and more than 1.7 million tons of wheat was sealed up due to toxin pollution. The pollution of head blight not only reduces the yield of wheat in a large area, but also brings the risk of mycotoxin pollution, which brings safety hazards to people's dietary health.

The detoxification methods of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat mainly include physical methods (such as adsorption, rinsing, grinding, etc.), chemical methods (such as ammonia addition, hypochlorous acid, ozone and heat treatment, etc.) and biological methods (such as microbial adsorption, enzyme degradation, etc.) . However, these methods are not suitable for the processing of wheat flour, because wheat flour milling must be dry processing, and there is no pollution to the flour, only in this way can the flour that meets the edible quality be ground.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a dry fractionation process suitable for mycotoxin-contaminated wheat aiming at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention is on the basis of the conventional wheat cleaning process, especially through the three processes of unique airflow classification, wheat rubbing and peeling, and laser color sorting to separate the mycotoxin-contaminated wheat in the wheat, and finally reduce the toxin content in the wheat, so that the grinding The toxin content of the final wheat flour reaches the national health standard.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical measures:

The specific steps of the process of the present invention, which is suitable for the classification and cleaning of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, are as follows: the wheat from the barley barn is sent into the airflow after successively passing through a vibrating screen, a destoner, a selection machine, a magnetic separation, and a thresher The classifier carries out the air classification, and the wheat after the air classification is sent to the wheat wiping machine for wiping and degerming after going through the strong watering machine, the wheat moistening bin, the second stone removing machine and the second magnetic separation. The sterilized wheat is sent to the laser color sorter through the flat rotary sieve for laser color sorting, and then sent to the 1B mill after passing through the spray water machine, clean wheat bin, clean wheat scale, and three magnetic separations.

More specifically, the process core of the present invention is to use three procedures specially used to remove mycotoxin wheat in the traditional wheat cleaning process, which are respectively air classification, skin dermatitis and laser color sorting.

The traditional wheat cleaning process is a dry cleaning process of three sieves, two dozen, two stone removal, one selection, one wheat brushing, one watering, one spraying, and one weighing.

The three sieves refer to removing various large and small impurities through three sieves; the second threshing refers to crushing large particles of impurities in wheat and removing impurities such as soil hidden in the ventral groove of wheat; The two steps of stone removal refer to the removal of stone-like impurities in wheat; the first step of selection refers to the removal of heterogeneous grains such as buckwheat and oats in wheat; The said one watering refers to the adjustment of wheat moisture; the said one spraying refers to fine-tuning the moisture content of the wheat, so that the milled wheat reaches the appropriate moisture; the said one weighing refers to the flow rate of the metering wheat.

The specific process is as follows:

The wheat from the wool barn passes through a vibrating screen, a de-stoner, a selection machine, a magnetic separator, a threshing machine, a flat rotary sieve, a powerful watering machine, a moistening barn, a second de-stoner, and a second One magnetic separation, two threshing machines, two flat rotary sieves, wheat brushing machine, spray watering machine, clean wheat bin, clean wheat scale and three magnetic separations and then sent to 1B mill.

And process step of the present invention is at first to adopt the airflow classification operation of airflow classifier to replace the screening process of a plane rotary sieve in the wheat cleaning process flow of prior art. Its advantages are: it can not only complete the task of removing fine shavings and light impurities in the wheat after threshing, but also classify the wheat into heavy, light, and light impurities, so as to separate a part of the light impurities. Mycotoxin contamination of wheat.

Secondly, the second process of threshing and wheat brushing machine is combined into one, and the skin wiping and sterilization process of the skin wiping machine is used to replace it. This process not only has the function of the threshing machine to break up granular impurities and remove impurities adhering to the surface of the wheat, but also has the function of the wheat polishing machine to remove wheat hair and wheat skin. Therefore, while wiping the wheat hair and epidermis in this process, the wheat cortex part with enriched toxin content is also removed, thereby reducing the toxin content of the outgoing wheat.

The third is to add a laser color sorting process of a laser color sorter after the second sieve plane rotary sieve process and before the spraying water process. In this process, laser color sorting is used to perform a laser color sorting on the wheat that has basically met the requirements of clean wheat in this process, and removes moldy black grains, yellow grains and other wheat or other grains that are different from normal wheat colors. Played to reduce the toxin content of wheat.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1, because the present invention adopts the air-flow classification process of air-flow classifier to replace the screening process of a plane rotary sieve, this just makes after the air-flow classification process of air-flow classifier can not only be able to finish clearing fine shavings, light crumbs in wheat after threshing. Miscellaneous and other tasks, and wheat can be divided into heavy, light, light miscellaneous, etc., so as to separate a part of light mycotoxin-contaminated wheat here.

2. The skin wiping and sterilization process of the husking machine not only has the function of breaking up granular impurities and removing impurities adhering to the surface of wheat, but also has the function of removing wheat hair and wheat skin by the husking machine . Therefore, while wiping the wheat hair and epidermis in this process, the wheat cortex part with enriched toxin content is also removed, thereby reducing the toxin content of the outgoing wheat.

3. The laser color sorting process of the laser color sorter can not only further remove moldy black grains, yellow grains and other wheat or other grains that are different from normal wheat colors, but also reduce the toxin content of wheat.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural principle diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a right side view of Fig. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the grading mechanism.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment (accompanying drawing):

As shown in Figure 1, the specific steps of the process of the present invention applicable to the classification and cleaning of mycotoxin-contaminated wheat are as follows: the wheat from the barley barn is successively passed through a vibrating screen, a destoner, a selection machine, a magnetic separation, and a beating machine. After the wheat machine, it is sent to the air classifier for air classifying, and the air classed wheat is sent to the wheat wiping and degerming machine for skinning after passing through the strong water machine, the wheat moistening bin, the second stone removing machine, and the second magnetic separation Bacteria removal, the wheat that has been wiped and sterilized is sent to the laser color sorter through the flat rotary sieve for laser color sorting, and then sent to 1B after successively passing through the spray water machine, clean wheat bin, clean wheat scale, and three magnetic separations. grinder.

The wheat wiping and germ removal machine described in the present invention: model FBGY.46B, is produced by Hanzhong Sanyi Technology Co., Ltd. Said laser color sorter: model ZK6-B, produced by Anhui Zhongke Photoelectric Color Sorting Machinery Co., Ltd. Of course, color sorters from other manufacturers can also be selected.

The airflow classifier described in the present invention is an airflow classification device for mycotoxin-contaminated wheat according to another application, and its structure is shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4. The airflow classification device for mycotoxin-contaminated wheat Including a classification box B, the classification box B is composed of a box body B1, a classification mechanism B2, and a collection hopper B4; The screed box A has an air inlet C3 on the outer end surface of the box B1 below the position of the screed box A, and a ventilator on the other end surface of the box B1 corresponding to the position of the air inlet C3. The air outlet C4 connected to the system C is provided with four collection hoppers B4 in sequence at the bottom of the box B1 from the side of the air inlet to the side of the air outlet, and the outlets at the bottom of the four collection hoppers B4 are all facing the same The slope structure is inclined on the side, and a spring-loaded pressure door is installed at the discharge port; above the feed ports of the four collecting hoppers B4, a classification mechanism consisting of a fixed classifying plate 1 and a rotating classifying plate 2 is set ; The fixed grading plate 1 is composed of seven fixed partitions that divide the top of the four collection hopper B4 feed ports into eight longitudinal intervals (that is, the top of each collection hopper feed port is divided into two longitudinal intervals ); the rotary grading plate 2 is composed of three grading plates whose lower edges are arranged vertically on the junction of every two adjacent hoppers through hinge shafts, and are installed on the hinge shafts to drive the grading plates to rotate The adjusting handle 3 that the hinge shaft swings, under the driving of the adjusting handle 3, the upper edge of each grading board contacts and cooperates with the lower edges of the three fixed partitions located at the corresponding positions above.

The ventilation system C is composed of a centrifugal fan C1 and a centrifugal dust collector C5; the air inlet of the centrifugal fan C1 is connected with the air outlet of the centrifugal dust collector C5, and the air outlet of the centrifugal fan C1 is connected to the box through the blowing duct C2. The air inlet C3 on the body B1 is connected, and the air outlet C4 of the box body B1 is connected with the air inlet of the centrifugal dust collector C5 to form an air circulation system; the air inlet C3 is a rectangular structural pipe, and a A plurality of rectifying plates welded at equal intervals, the width of the rectifying plates is equal to the width of the air inlet, and the length of the rectifying plates is equal to the length of the air inlet pipe.

More specifically, the described leveling box A is the feeding mechanism of the airflow classification device, and the wheat is introduced into the leveling box A by the slide pipe. When the wheat flows into the classification box B from the leveling box A, the whole leveling box In the width direction of A, the wheat flows into the grading box B with a material layer of uniform thickness. The grading box B is the key component of the device, and the grading of wheat is completed in the grading box B. The box B1 shown is a box structure with length, width and height, and is installed on the equipment support frame.

The discharge pipe of the collection hopper B4 has a rectangular cross-section, the end of the discharge port of the rectangular cross-section is in the shape of a beveled surface, the spring-type pressure door is located in the groove-shaped discharge port, and the gap between the two sides and the side plate of the discharge port is controlled at 1 ~1.5mm. The pressure door is closed when there is no material, and the pressure door is pressed open under the gravity of the material when there is material, so that the material flows out.

The fixed grading board 1 is composed of four wide boards and three narrow boards arranged at intervals (respectively a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 and a7) (refer to Fig. 5), and longitudinally divide the inside of the box body B1 The direction is divided into 8 intervals, namely F1, F2, ... and F8. The two ends of the fixed grading board 1 are respectively welded on the two side boards of the box body B1, and its upper edge is of the same height. The rotary grading plate 2 is composed of three grading plates whose lower edges are arranged vertically on the junction of every two adjacent hoppers through hinge shafts. The swinging adjustment handle 3, that is, by rotating the adjustment handle 3, the rotary grading plate 2 can be rotated, so that the upper edge of the rotary grading plate 2 is in contact with the lower edge of the fixed grading plate 1, namely a1, a2, a3 , or a3, a4, a5, or a5, a6, a7. Thereby the wheat falling into different intervals such as F2 and F3 can fall into the first collection hopper or the second collection hopper due to the different positions of the rotary grading plate 2; the wheat entering into F4 and F5 can fall into the first collection hopper. In the second collection hopper, or in the third collection hopper; the wheat entering F6 and F7 can fall into the third collection hopper, or in the fourth collection hopper, and the wheat entering the F8 section falls into the fourth collection hopper.

When the ventilation system is running, the air enters the blowing duct through the drive of the centrifugal fan, and enters the box horizontally after passing through the rectified air inlet. After grading the wheat falling into the box, the wheat falls into the collection hopper, and the air passes through The air outlet of the box body enters the centrifugal dust collector for dust separation, and the separated dust is discharged by the lower ash discharge mechanism of the centrifugal dust collector, while the clean air enters the fan for continuous recycling.

When the device is working, the wheat falls into the box with a certain thickness through the leveling effect of the leveling box. Under the combined action of the horizontal airflow in the box and the combined action of aerodynamic force and gravity, the wheat grains of different weights falling into the box And impurities are accelerated and conveyed by the airflow, and settle down in a flat throwing trajectory. Light-grained wheat accelerates fast and runs far; heavy-grained wheat accelerates slowly and has a short conveying distance, and finally falls into 8 sections separated by fixed grading plates. By adjusting the position of the rotating grading plate, it finally falls into 4 collection areas in the hopper.

Generally speaking, the first collection hopper is heavy wheat; the second collection hopper is lighter heavy wheat; the third collection hopper is light wheat; the fourth collection hopper is light miscellaneous, fines, etc. The dust enters the centrifugal dust collector with the airflow for purification and is discharged by the centrifugal dust collector.

Mycotoxin-contaminated wheat is thin and has light grains, and wheat not infected by mycotoxins is plump and has heavy grains. Therefore, light mycotoxin-contaminated wheat is separated in this device and falls into the third collection hopper (or the third collection hopper). Two collection hoppers).

Claims (1)

1. A kind of 1. technique suitable for mycotoxin pollution wheet grading cleaning, it is characterised in that：The specific steps of the technique It is as follows：Wheat from dirty wheat storehouse is sent into after vibratory sieve, one of stone remover, refiner, one of magnetic separation, wheat scourers successively Gas flow sizing machine carries out air current classifying, and the wheat after air current classifying is gone into stone by intensive dampener, wheat wetting storehouse, two successively After machine, two magnetic separation be sent into wipe wheat go bacterium machine carry out wipe skin it is degerming, by wipe skin it is degerming after wheat be sent into via rotary flat sieve Laser color selector carries out laser color sorting, is sent into 1B after spraying machine, net wheat bin, net wheat scale, three magnetic separation successively afterwards Flour mill.