CN105029125A - Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid serving as snakehead feed additive for resisting ammonia nitrogen stress - Google Patents
Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid serving as snakehead feed additive for resisting ammonia nitrogen stress Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides snakehead matching feed. The snakehead matching feed comprises, by weight, 43.50-45.50 parts of domestic fish meal, 0.35-0.37 part of aspartic acid, 1.28-1.45 parts of fish oil. 1.48-1.79 parts of peanut oil, 6.4-6.60 parts of corn, 7.90-8.10 parts of bean pulp, 6.60-8.60 parts of cottonseed meal, 5.80-10.80 parts of rapeseed meal, 3.50-6.50 parts of peanut meal, 0.94-0.96 part of vitamin premix, 10.50-14.50 parts of wheat bran, 24.50-28.50 parts of wheat middling, 2.54-2.56 parts of bentonite, 0.4-0.6 part of sodium alginate, 1.70-1.90 parts of mineral salt premix and 1.10-1.30 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is shown by experiments that growth and metabolism of snakeheads can be promoted, the feed utilization rate is increased, and the acute ammonia nitrogen stress ability is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, be specifically related to the purposes of GABA as the Snakeheaded fish feeding stuff additive of anti-ammonia nitrogen stress, and a kind of compound feed for snakeheads.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of intensive culture, the rising of breeding water body ammonia nitrogen concentration, aquatic livestock hemolymph raises with the ammonia density of its hetero-organization.The toxicity of ammonia is mainly because non-ionic ammonia in the mode of free diffusing by cell membrane, can affect the activity of its stability and enzyme, even cause the death of cell.Most of bony fish is very responsive to ammonia nitrogen toxicity, and ammonia nitrogen too high in breeding water body can reduce the oxidation resistance of juvenile fish, makes SOD and GSH-PX activity decrease.Strengthened immunity function and the resistance against diseases of fish in recent years by nutrition regulation, slow down immunological stress.GABA (γ-aminobutyricacid, GABA) is widely used as a kind of novel, efficient, safe feed addictive in livestock and poultry cultivation is produced.On aquatic products rarely seen GABA to blue or green Medaka (
oryziaslatipes), crucian carp (
carassiusauratus), loach (
misgurnusanguillicaudatus), Bitterling Welfare (
rhodeusocellatus) etc. the research of anti-anoxia ability aspect.Originally snakehead is because being violent predacious fish; ingest live fish more; it is the harmful fish of aquaculture; but domestication of having ingested now; solve the bottleneck problem of large-scale cultivation, but cause water quality bad along with high-density breeding, the premunition of snakehead declines; cause output to reduce, affect the process of snakehead large-scale cultivation.We are to the system test of adding DIFFERENT FEED additive in snakehead high-density breeding, and according to the summary of experience of scientific research and practice, combing is a kind of promotes that snakehead grows, metabolism and anti-short-term is acute and a kind of compound feed for snakeheads of anti-long-term chronic ammonia nitrogen stress.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, in order to promote that snakehead grows, metabolism, to improve the acute and long-term chronic ammonia nitrogen stress ability of anti-short-term, and a kind of Snakeheaded fish feeding stuff additive GABA of anti-ammonia nitrogen stress is provided; A kind of compound feed for snakeheads is also provided.
GABA is as the application of the Snakeheaded fish feeding stuff additive of anti-ammonia nitrogen stress.
A kind of compound feed for snakeheads, by weight:
Domestic fish meal 43.00 ~ 46.00, aspartic acid 0.30 ~ 0.40, fish oil 1.00 ~ 1.50, peanut oil 1.00 ~ 2.00, corn 6.00 ~ 7.00, dregs of beans 7.50 ~ 8.50, cotton dregs 6.00 ~ 9.00, the dish dregs of rice 5.00 ~ 12.00, peanut meal 3.00 ~ 7.00, vitamin premix 0.90 ~ 1.00, wheat bran 10.00 ~ 15.00, secondary powder 24.00 ~ 29.00, bentonite 2.00 ~ 3.00, algin 0.30 ~ 0.70, mineral salt premix 1.60 ~ 2.00, GABA 1.00 ~ 1.40,
A kind of compound feed for snakeheads, by weight:
Domestic fish meal 43.50 ~ 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35 ~ 0.37, fish oil 1.28 ~ 1.45, peanut oil 1.48 ~ 1.79, corn 6.40 ~ 6.60, dregs of beans 7.90 ~ 8.10, cotton dregs 6.60 ~ 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80 ~ 10.80, peanut meal 3.50 ~ 6.50, vitamin premix 0.94 ~ 0.96, wheat bran 10.50 ~ 14.50, secondary powder 24.50 ~ 28.50, bentonite 2.54 ~ 2.56, algin 0.4 ~ 0.6, mineral salt premix 1.70 ~ 1.90, GABA 1.10 ~ 1.30,
Preferred: domestic fish meal 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35, fish oil 1.28, peanut oil 1.48, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 6.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80, peanut meal 3.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 14.50, secondary powder 28.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20;
Preferred: domestic fish meal 43.50, aspartic acid 0.37, fish oil 1.45, peanut oil 1.79, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 10.80, peanut meal 6.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 10.50, secondary powder 24.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20;
Vitamin premix: thiamine hydrochloride, 59mg; Riboflavin, 100g; Folic acid, 18g; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 25g; Niacin, 820g; Calcium pantothenate g, 285; Inositol, 800g; Biotin, 2.5g; VitE, 220mg; VitB
12, 0.15g; VitA, 23IU; VitD
3, 5g; VitC, 285mg; VitK
3, 10mg;
Mineral salt premix: epsom salt, 1.6g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.8g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 10mg; Six water alchlors, 2.5mg; KI, 1.9mg; Sodium selenite, 0.15mg; Sulfuric acid monohydrate is violent, 3.8mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 1.9mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g; Sodium fluoride, 2mg; Sodium chloride, 100mg.
The invention provides a kind of compound feed for snakeheads, by weight: domestic fish meal 43.50 ~ 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35 ~ 0.37, fish oil 1.28 ~ 1.45, peanut oil 1.48 ~ 1.79, corn 6.40 ~ 6.60, dregs of beans 7.90 ~ 8.10, cotton dregs 6.60 ~ 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80 ~ 10.80, peanut meal 3.50 ~ 6.50, vitamin premix 0.94 ~ 0.96, wheat bran 10.50 ~ 14.50, secondary powder 24.50 ~ 28.50, bentonite 2.54 ~ 2.56, algin 0.40 ~ 0.60, mineral salt premix 1.70 ~ 1.90, GABA 1.10 ~ 1.30; Result of the test shows, can promote the growth of snakehead, metabolism, improves efficiency of feed utilization, acute ammonia nitrogen stress ability.
Detailed description of the invention
embodiment 1 compound feed for snakeheads
Compound feed for snakeheads (A), by weight:
Domestic fish meal 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35, fish oil 1.28, peanut oil 1.48, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 6.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80, peanut meal 3.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 14.50, secondary powder 28.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80;
Compound feed for snakeheads (B), by weight:
Domestic fish meal 43.50, aspartic acid 0.37, fish oil 1.45, peanut oil 1.79, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 10.80, peanut meal 6.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 10.50, secondary powder 24.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80;
Compound feed for snakeheads combination (C), by weight:
Domestic fish meal 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35, fish oil 1.28, peanut oil 1.48, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 6.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80, peanut meal 3.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 14.50, secondary powder 28.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20;
Compound feed for snakeheads (D), by weight:
Domestic fish meal 43.50, aspartic acid 0.37, fish oil 1.45, peanut oil 1.79, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 10.80, peanut meal 6.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 10.50, secondary powder 24.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20;
Vitamin premix: thiamine hydrochloride, 59mg; Riboflavin, 100g; Folic acid, 18g; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 25g; Niacin, 820g; Calcium pantothenate g, 285; Inositol, 800g; Biotin, 2.5g; VitE, 220mg; VitB
12, 0.15g; VitA, 23IU; VitD
3, 5g; VitC, 285mg; VitK
3, 10mg;
Mineral salt premix: epsom salt, 1.6g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.8g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 10mg; Six water alchlors, 2.5mg; KI, 1.9mg; Sodium selenite, 0.15mg; Sulfuric acid monohydrate is violent, 3.8mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 1.9mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g; Sodium fluoride, 2mg; Sodium chloride, 100mg.
embodiment 2
GABA is purchased from Zhejiang benefit ten thousand Bioisystech Co., Ltd (content 99%).80g/L high-density breeding snakehead, adopts above-mentioned A, B, C and D tetra-kinds of feeds to throw something and feed.
Culture experiment carries out in the temperature control single loop system of room, feeding time is 8w, select bouncing, test snakehead (weight is 26.52 ± 0.14g) that specification is consistent is assigned randomly in 12 aquariums, be divided into A, B, C and D totally 4 groups at random, often organize 3 repetitions.Be satiated with food every day throw something and feed twice (09:00,16:00), day the rate of throwing something and feeding be the 2.5-4.0% of weight.Duration of test water temperature is 23 DEG C-30 DEG C, and pH is 7.1 ± 0.1, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 5.0mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is 1.0mg/L.
Raise 0,2,4,6 and 8w, sample, calculate average growth rate, grow discrete, feed grazing rate and protein efficiency ratio, PER etc.
embodiment 3
Stop eating after off-test 24h, and get fish anesthesia from tail venous blood sampling, 4 DEG C of centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min prepare serum.The test fish of getting blood is dissected immediately, takes out liver pancreas, head-kidney, spleen.More than operation is all carried out on ice, and all samples-80 DEG C of Refrigerator stores are for subsequent use.Serum and respectively organize total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea (UREA), glucose (GLUC), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) to measure.
embodiment 4
Raise 0,2,4,6 and 8w, stop eating before sampling 24h, gets fish 10 tail at random, with MS-222(200mg/L from every cylinder) deep anaesthesia is from tail venous blood sampling, and 4 DEG C of placement 24h, get serum.Take out liver pancreas, spleen and head-kidney, liquid nitrogen flash freezer-80 DEG C is preserved to be measured.During mensuration, thawed by sample, liver pancreas is under condition of ice bath, and homogenate in glass homogenizer, homogenate 6000r/min, 4 DEG C of centrifugal 20min, supernatant is done suitably dilution and carried out the mensuration of different index.In the mensuration of blood sugar, total fat, total protein and liver pancreas, glycogen content measures by kit requirement.
Blood sugar through raising, declining, balance and even the change procedure of liver glycogen continuous decrease, Crowding Stress is caused when showing high-density breeding, during Crowding Stress, first employ gluconeogenesis approach to alleviate energy supply, then just fat is employed, blood fat is raising always gradually, and recovery is very slow, so blood fat is considered to an index of chronic Stress responses.Crowding Stress has certain adaptive capacity by the adaptation of metabolism and regulation and control to stable chronic stressful environmental.GABA promotes that snakehead ingests by feed, reduces individual differentiation, falls the decomposition of hypoglycemic elevation amplitude and liver glycogen significantly, increases protein production rate and alleviate and coerce and growth promoting effects.
embodiment 5
Sampling: fish is raised after 8w in test, after 09:00 throws something and feeds in the morning respectively, from tail venous blood sampling, places 24h, 6000r/min4 DEG C of centrifugal 10min for 4 DEG C, gets serum-20 DEG C preservation, to be measured.
Free serum triiodo thryonine (T
3) mensuration: adopt radio immunoassay to measure the content of serum insulin and hyperglycemic factor.Put by SN-695 type intelligence and exempt from γ measuring instrument and carry out γ counting.
The mensuration of serum I GF-I: remove associated proteins with acid alcohol.Get 40 μ L serum, add 360 μ L acid alcohol liquid, be mixed, 25 DEG C place 30min, 11000r/min4 DEG C of centrifugal 20min, get supernatant 0.2mL, add 0.1mLTris be mixed, centrifugal, get supernatant to be measured.Serum I GF-I content adopts IGF-I to balance saturated competition radiommunoassay (RIA) method and measures.
Along with the prolongation of high-density breeding time, the total trend of endocrine is synthetic hormone (T
3, IGF-I) secretion reduce and with growth positive correlation.High-density breeding snakehead adds GABA can promote the secretion of synthetic hormone, thus the stable state of regulation and control environment and energy balance, alleviate stress negative effect.
embodiment 6acute ammonia nitrogen stress test
By preliminary experiment, determine that 100mg/L total ammonia nitrogen concentration is as stress concentration.15g/L ammonia nitrogen (the NH configured slowly is poured in aquarium
4cl, domestic analysis is pure) solution 1L, make water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reach about 100mg/L, to measure by Nessler's reagent method every 4h hour and adjust ammonia nitrogen concentration.At about 15min, during guarantee sample collection, stress time is consistent.Period water temperature (24 ± 1) DEG C, pH(7.31 ± 0.4), continuous charge, ensures that dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0mg/L.
The mensuration of Biochemical Indices In Serum: get 5 tail fishes from each cylinder at random, with MS-222 (200mg/L) anesthesia from tail venous blood sampling, 4 DEG C of centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min prepare serum.The test fish of getting blood is dissected immediately, takes out liver pancreas, head-kidney, spleen.More than operation is all carried out on ice, and all samples-80 DEG C of Refrigerator stores are for subsequent use.
Show from above-mentioned result of the test, snakehead high-density breeding, along with the prolongation of Crowding Stress time, grazing rate reduces, and growth declines, and individual differentiation degree strengthens, and premunition declines.Blood sugar through raising, declining, balance and even the change procedure of liver glycogen continuous decrease, Crowding Stress is caused when showing high-density breeding, during Crowding Stress, first employ gluconeogenesis approach to alleviate energy supply, then just fat is employed, blood fat is raising always gradually, and recovery is very slow, so blood fat is considered to an index of chronic Stress responses.Crowding Stress has certain adaptive capacity by the adaptation of metabolism and regulation and control to stable chronic stressful environmental.
GABA promotes that snakehead ingests by feed, reduces individual differentiation, falls the decomposition of hypoglycemic elevation amplitude and liver glycogen significantly, maintains the balance of blood TP, increases protein production rate and alleviate and coerce and growth promoting effects.Along with the prolongation of high-density breeding time, the total trend of endocrine is synthetic hormone (T
3, IGF-I) secretion reduce and with growth positive correlation.High-density breeding snakehead is added GABA and promotes the secretion of synthetic hormone, thus the stable state of regulation and control environment and energy balance, alleviate stress negative effect.Acute ammonia nitrogen stress significantly can affect the expression of snakehead Biochemical Indices In Serum, body antioxidant system, immune performance and HSP90mRNA.Add appropriate GABA and effectively can alleviate the negative effect that ammonia nitrogen stress produces fish body.And in Snakeheaded fish feeding stuff, add GABA effectively can improve it for a long time opposing chronic ammonia N stress and short time resist the ability of acute ammonia nitrogen stress.GABA of the present invention improves the speed of growth of high-density breeding snakehead, enhances the ability of its long-term chronic ammonia N stress and the acute ammonia nitrogen stress of short-term, can in long-term high-density breeding and short-term transport, temporarily the links such as production and administration such as to support and use and promote.
Claims (6)
1. GABA is as the application of the Snakeheaded fish feeding stuff additive of anti-ammonia nitrogen stress.
2. the mixed feed of a snakehead, it is characterized in that, by weight: domestic fish meal 43.00 ~ 46.00, aspartic acid 0.30 ~ 0.40, fish oil 1.00 ~ 1.50, peanut oil 1.00 ~ 2.00, corn 6.00 ~ 7.00, dregs of beans 7.50 ~ 8.50, cotton dregs 6.00 ~ 9.00, the dish dregs of rice 5.00 ~ 12.00, peanut meal 3.00 ~ 7.00, vitamin premix 0.90 ~ 1.00, wheat bran 10.00 ~ 15.00, secondary powder 24.00 ~ 29.00, bentonite 2.00 ~ 3.00, algin 0.30 ~ 0.70, mineral salt premix 1.60 ~ 2.00, GABA 1.00 ~ 1.40.
3. the mixed feed of a kind of snakehead according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, by mass parts: domestic fish meal 43.50 ~ 45.50, aspartic acid 0.35 ~ 0.37, fish oil 1.28 ~ 1.45, peanut oil 1.48 ~ 1.79, corn 6.40 ~ 6.60, dregs of beans 7.90 ~ 8.10, cotton dregs 6.60 ~ 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80 ~ 10.80, peanut meal 3.50 ~ 6.50, vitamin premix 0.94 ~ 0.96, wheat bran 10.50 ~ 14.50, secondary powder 24.50 ~ 28.50, bentonite 2.54 ~ 2.56, algin 0.4 ~ 0.6, mineral salt premix 1.70 ~ 1.90, GABA 1.10 ~ 1.30.
4. the mixed feed of a kind of snakehead according to claim 3, is characterized in that: domestic fish meal 45.5, aspartic acid 0.35, fish oil 1.28, peanut oil 1.48, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 6.60, the dish dregs of rice 5.80, peanut meal 3.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 14.50, secondary powder 28.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20.
5. the mixed feed of a kind of snakehead according to claim 3, is characterized in that: domestic fish meal 43.5, aspartic acid 0.37, fish oil 1.45, peanut oil 1.79, corn 6.50, dregs of beans 8.00, cotton dregs 8.60, the dish dregs of rice 10.80, peanut meal 6.50, vitamin premix 0.95, wheat bran 10.50, secondary powder 24.50, bentonite 2.55, algin 0.50, mineral salt premix 1.80, GABA 1.20.
6. the mixed feed of a kind of snakehead according to claim 2,3,4 or 5, is characterized in that: described vitamin premix: thiamine hydrochloride, 59mg; Riboflavin, 100g; Folic acid, 18g; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 25g; Niacin, 820g; Calcium pantothenate g, 285; Inositol, 800g; Biotin, 2.5g; VitE, 220mg; VitB
12, 0.15g; VitA, 23IU; VitD
3, 5g; VitC, 285mg; VitK
3, 10mg;
Described mineral salt premix: epsom salt, 1.6g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.8g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 10mg; Six water alchlors, 2.5mg; KI, 1.9mg; Sodium selenite, 0.15mg; Sulfuric acid monohydrate is violent, 3.8mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 1.9mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g; Sodium fluoride, 2mg; Sodium chloride, 100mg.
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| CN105532524A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grading and optimizing method for ammonia nitrogen resistance of marsupenaeus japonicas shrimp seed |
| CN110679768A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 金华傲农生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for improving blood IGF-I concentration of weaned pigs and promoting growth and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105532524A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grading and optimizing method for ammonia nitrogen resistance of marsupenaeus japonicas shrimp seed |
| CN110679768A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 金华傲农生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for improving blood IGF-I concentration of weaned pigs and promoting growth and preparation method and application thereof |
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