CN104991162A - Positioning device of small-current grounding system single-phase grounding fault and usage method - Google Patents
Positioning device of small-current grounding system single-phase grounding fault and usage method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种小电流接地系统单相接地故障的定位装置及使用方法，定位装置由可控干扰信号源、信号监测终端两部分组成；可控干扰信号源由电压互感器、测量控制器、可控电力电子开关器件、接地电阻依序连接构成；整个可控干扰信号源安装在小电流接地系统的电源侧，位于母线或出线断路器外侧。本发明通过可控干扰信号源产生可控电信号，在不对电力系统造成任何不良影响的前提下，形成电压和电流波形上的小扰动；利用信号监测终端对电流扰动进行特征提取和分析，实现故障定位。在不影响线路正常工作的前提下，对单相接地故障进行准确定位。原理简单，定位准确度高，成本较低，易于推广。
A positioning device for a single-phase grounding fault in a small current grounding system and its use method. The positioning device is composed of a controllable interference signal source and a signal monitoring terminal; the controllable interference signal source is composed of a voltage transformer, a measurement controller, and a controllable power Electronic switching devices and grounding resistors are connected in sequence; the entire controllable interference signal source is installed on the power side of the small current grounding system, outside the busbar or outgoing circuit breaker. The invention generates a controllable electrical signal through a controllable interference signal source, and forms a small disturbance on the voltage and current waveforms without causing any adverse effects on the power system; uses the signal monitoring terminal to perform feature extraction and analysis on the current disturbance, and realizes Fault location. On the premise of not affecting the normal operation of the line, it can accurately locate the single-phase ground fault. The principle is simple, the positioning accuracy is high, the cost is low, and it is easy to popularize.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力领域，尤其涉及小电流接地系统单相接地故障的选线和定位方法。The invention relates to the field of electric power, in particular to a line selection and location method for a single-phase ground fault in a small current grounding system.
背景技术Background technique
单相接地故障是配电系统最常见的故障，多发生在潮湿、多雨天气。由于树障、配电线路上绝缘子单相击穿、单相断线以及小动物危害等诸多因素引起的。单相接地不仅影响了用户的正常供电，而且可能产生过电压，烧坏设备，甚至引起相间短路而扩大事故。虽然单相接地故障是电力系统中发生率最高的故障，但是对于单相接地故障的精确定位却一直未能得到很好的解决。Single-phase ground fault is the most common fault in power distribution system, and it mostly occurs in wet and rainy weather. It is caused by many factors such as tree barriers, single-phase breakdown of insulators on distribution lines, single-phase disconnection, and small animal hazards. Single-phase grounding not only affects the normal power supply of users, but also may generate overvoltage, burn out equipment, and even cause phase-to-phase short circuit to expand accidents. Although the single-phase-to-ground fault is the most frequent fault in the power system, the precise location of the single-phase-to-ground fault has not been well resolved.
目前，小电流接地系统包括中性点不接地、中性点经消弧线圈接地、中性点经高阻抗接地等。当小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时，虽不影响正常供电，但可能会导致系统产生工频过电压、谐振过电压、弧光接地过电压等，从而引发绝缘击穿，导致系统短路事故，扩大事故范围及事故损失。另外，小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障，故障点往往只流过系统的电容电流或经补偿后的残流，该电流较小，故障特征不明显，因而难以检测和定位故障位置，正确选择故障线路也比较困难，严重影响了电力系统的供电可靠性和安全稳定运行。At present, the small current grounding system includes neutral point not grounding, neutral point grounding through arc suppressing coil, neutral point grounding through high impedance, etc. When a single-phase ground fault occurs in a small current grounding system, although it does not affect the normal power supply, it may cause power frequency overvoltage, resonance overvoltage, arc grounding overvoltage, etc. in the system, which will cause insulation breakdown and cause a short circuit accident in the system. Expand the scope of accidents and accident losses. In addition, when a single-phase ground fault occurs in a low-current grounding system, the fault point often only flows through the capacitive current of the system or the residual current after compensation. The current is small and the fault characteristics are not obvious, so it is difficult to detect and locate the fault location. Faulty lines are also relatively difficult, seriously affecting the power supply reliability and safe and stable operation of the power system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种采用可控干扰信号对小电流接地系统单相接地故障的选线和定位方法，用以解决小电流接地系统单相接地故障的选线和定位问题。The invention provides a line selection and positioning method for a single-phase ground fault in a small-current grounding system by using a controllable interference signal to solve the problem of line selection and positioning for a single-phase ground fault in the small-current grounding system.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种小电流接地系统单相接地故障的定位装置，该装置由可控干扰信号源、信号监测终端两部分组成；其中，可控干扰信号源由电压互感器、测量控制器、可控电力电子开关器件、接地电阻依序连接构成；信号监测终端，根据配电网络结构和运行维护需要，分散安装在配电线路的不同位置上；整个可控干扰信号源安装在小电流接地系统的电源侧，位于母线或出线断路器外侧。A device for locating a single-phase ground fault in a small current grounding system, the device consists of two parts: a controllable interference signal source and a signal monitoring terminal; wherein, the controllable interference signal source consists of a voltage transformer, a measurement controller, a controllable power electronics Switching devices and grounding resistors are connected in sequence; signal monitoring terminals are scattered and installed at different positions of the distribution line according to the distribution network structure and operation and maintenance requirements; the entire controllable interference signal source is installed on the power supply side of the small current grounding system , located outside the busbar or outgoing circuit breaker.
本发明所述电压互感器和接地电阻均采用可选配器件。Both the voltage transformer and the grounding resistance of the present invention are optional components.
一种小电流接地系统单相接地故障的定位装置使用方法，可控电力电子开关器件间歇性导通的过程中，步骤a被执行，包括：A method for using a positioning device for a single-phase ground fault in a small-current grounding system. During the intermittent conduction of a controllable power electronic switching device, step a is performed, including:
a1.可控干扰信号源和信号监测终端实时采集电流瞬时值；a1. The controllable interference signal source and the signal monitoring terminal collect the instantaneous current value in real time;
a2.根据采集到的电流瞬时值，获取电流扰动信号；a2. Obtain the current disturbance signal according to the collected instantaneous current value;
a3.信号监测终端根据电流扰动信号，进行故障定位。a3. The signal monitoring terminal performs fault location according to the current disturbance signal.
本发明步骤a3包括：Step a3 of the present invention comprises:
a31.将所述信号监测终端进行编号；a31. Numbering the signal monitoring terminal;
a32.判断最后一个检测到电流扰动信号的信号监测终端和第一个未接检测电流扰动信号的信号监测终端之间的位置为故障发生位置。a32. Determine the position between the last signal monitoring terminal that detected the current disturbance signal and the first signal monitoring terminal that did not detect the current disturbance signal as the fault location.
本发明通过改变所述可控电力电子开关器件的导通角控制电流扰动信号的幅值；通过改变所述可控电力电子开关器件的导通时间控制电流扰动信号的频谱。The present invention controls the amplitude of the current disturbance signal by changing the conduction angle of the controllable power electronic switch device; and controls the frequency spectrum of the current disturbance signal by changing the conduction time of the controllable power electronic switch device.
本发明当小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时，通过安装在母线或线路上的电压互感器以及测量控制器检测到零序电压或电压不平衡度，从而判断出系统发生了单相接地故障。In the present invention, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in a small-current grounding system, the zero-sequence voltage or voltage unbalance is detected by the voltage transformer installed on the busbar or line and the measurement controller, thereby judging that a single-phase grounding fault has occurred in the system .
本发明测量控制器驱动非接地相的可控电力电子开关器件间歇性导通；这样就在受控的非接地相、接地相、接地点、大地、可控干扰信号源之间的闭合电路中产生了受控制的电流扰动信号；The measurement controller of the present invention drives the controllable power electronic switching device of the non-ground phase to conduct intermittently; A controlled current disturbance signal is generated;
本发明安装在上述所述的闭合电路中的信号监测终端能够采集到受控制的电流干扰信号；安装在其它位置的信号监测终端不能检测到该电流干扰信号；所有检测到受控电流干扰信号的信号监测终端发出报警信息，从而能够判断故障位置，也能够选择出故障线路；The signal monitoring terminal installed in the above-mentioned closed circuit of the present invention can collect the controlled current interference signal; the signal monitoring terminal installed in other positions cannot detect the current interference signal; all detected controlled current interference signals The signal monitoring terminal sends an alarm message, so that the fault location can be judged, and the fault line can also be selected;
本发明所述的信号监测终端发出的报警信息的具体方式是：①通过通信系统发送到远方的故障监测主站系统；②信号监测终端在本地通过状态变化告知电力线路维护人员。The specific method of the alarm information sent by the signal monitoring terminal of the present invention is: ① sending to the remote fault monitoring master station system through the communication system; ② the signal monitoring terminal notifying the power line maintenance personnel locally through the state change.
本发明所述的电压互感器可以采用变电站或线路上已经装设的母线电压互感器或者线路电压互感器，因而所述的电压互感器是可选配器件。The voltage transformer of the present invention can adopt the busbar voltage transformer or the line voltage transformer already installed on the substation or the line, so the voltage transformer is an optional device.
本发明所述的接地电阻是为了防止在所述的控制过程中，发生导通角和导通时间的控制错误而设置的保护用电阻；因而所述的接地电阻是可选配器件。The grounding resistance of the present invention is a protective resistance set up to prevent control errors of the conduction angle and conduction time during the control process; therefore, the grounding resistance is an optional device.
本发明测量控制器驱动可控电力电子开关器件，使非接地相与大地间歇性导通，并且导通角和导通时间能够被控制。The measurement controller of the invention drives the controllable power electronic switching device to make the non-grounded phase conduct intermittently with the earth, and the conduction angle and conduction time can be controlled.
本发明通过可控干扰信号源产生可控电信号，在不对电力系统造成任何不良影响的前提下，形成电压和电流波形上的小扰动；利用信号监测终端对电流扰动进行特征提取和分析，实现故障定位。在不影响线路正常工作的前提下，对单相接地故障进行准确定位。原理简单，定位准确度高，成本较低，易于推广。The invention generates a controllable electrical signal through a controllable interference signal source, and forms a small disturbance on the voltage and current waveforms without causing any adverse effects on the power system; uses the signal monitoring terminal to perform feature extraction and analysis on the current disturbance, and realizes Fault location. On the premise of not affecting the normal operation of the line, it can accurately locate the single-phase ground fault. The principle is simple, the positioning accuracy is high, the cost is low, and it is easy to popularize.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工作示意图。Fig. 1 is the working schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明的原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.
图3是本发明的故障定位流程示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fault location flow of the present invention.
图4是本发明的晶闸管导通角为15度时晶闸管导通前后电流波形图。Fig. 4 is a current waveform diagram before and after the thyristor is turned on when the conduction angle of the thyristor is 15 degrees according to the present invention.
图5是本发明的晶闸管导通角为20度时晶闸管导通前后电流波形图。Fig. 5 is a current waveform diagram before and after the conduction of the thyristor when the conduction angle of the thyristor is 20 degrees according to the present invention.
图6是本发明的晶闸管导通角为25度时晶闸管导通前后电流波形图。Fig. 6 is a current waveform diagram before and after the thyristor is turned on when the conduction angle of the thyristor is 25 degrees according to the present invention.
图7是按照本发明提取出的扰动电流的波形。Fig. 7 is a waveform of a disturbance current extracted according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
一种小电流接地系统单相接地故障的定位装置，该装置由可控干扰信号源、信号监测终端两部分组成；其中，可控干扰信号源由电压互感器、测量控制器、可控电力电子开关器件、接地电阻依序连接构成；信号监测终端，根据配电网络结构和运行维护需要，分散安装在配电线路的不同位置上；整个可控干扰信号源安装在小电流接地系统的电源侧，位于母线或出线断路器外侧。所述电压互感器和接地电阻均采用可选配器件。A device for locating a single-phase ground fault in a small current grounding system, the device consists of two parts: a controllable interference signal source and a signal monitoring terminal; wherein, the controllable interference signal source consists of a voltage transformer, a measurement controller, a controllable power electronics Switching devices and grounding resistors are connected in sequence; signal monitoring terminals are scattered and installed at different positions of the distribution line according to the distribution network structure and operation and maintenance requirements; the entire controllable interference signal source is installed on the power supply side of the small current grounding system , located outside the busbar or outgoing circuit breaker. Both the voltage transformer and the grounding resistance are optional components.
一种小电流接地系统单相接地故障的定位装置使用方法，可控电力电子开关器件间歇性导通的过程中，步骤a被执行，包括：A method for using a positioning device for a single-phase ground fault in a small-current grounding system. During the intermittent conduction of a controllable power electronic switching device, step a is performed, including:
a1.可控干扰信号源和信号监测终端实时采集电流瞬时值；a1. The controllable interference signal source and the signal monitoring terminal collect the instantaneous current value in real time;
a2.根据采集到的电流瞬时值，获取电流扰动信号；a2. Obtain the current disturbance signal according to the collected instantaneous current value;
a3.信号监测终端根据电流扰动信号，进行故障定位。a3. The signal monitoring terminal performs fault location according to the current disturbance signal.
本发明步骤a3包括：Step a3 of the present invention comprises:
a31.将所述信号监测终端进行编号；a31. Numbering the signal monitoring terminal;
a32.判断最后一个检测到电流扰动信号的信号监测终端和第一个未接检测电流扰动信号的信号监测终端之间的位置为故障发生位置。a32. Determine the position between the last signal monitoring terminal that detected the current disturbance signal and the first signal monitoring terminal that did not detect the current disturbance signal as the fault location.
本发明通过改变所述可控电力电子开关器件的导通角控制电流扰动信号的幅值；通过改变所述可控电力电子开关器件的导通时间控制电流扰动信号的频谱。The present invention controls the amplitude of the current disturbance signal by changing the conduction angle of the controllable power electronic switch device; and controls the frequency spectrum of the current disturbance signal by changing the conduction time of the controllable power electronic switch device.
本发明当小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时，通过安装在母线或线路上的电压互感器以及测量控制器检测到零序电压或电压不平衡度，从而判断出系统发生了单相接地故障。In the present invention, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in a small-current grounding system, the zero-sequence voltage or voltage unbalance is detected by the voltage transformer installed on the busbar or line and the measurement controller, thereby judging that a single-phase grounding fault has occurred in the system .
本发明测量控制器驱动非接地相的可控电力电子开关器件间歇性导通；这样就在受控的非接地相、接地相、接地点、大地、可控干扰信号源之间的闭合电路中产生了受控制的电流扰动信号；The measurement controller of the present invention drives the controllable power electronic switching device of the non-ground phase to conduct intermittently; A controlled current disturbance signal is generated;
本发明安装在上述所述的闭合电路中的信号监测终端能够采集到受控制的电流干扰信号；安装在其它位置的信号监测终端不能检测到该电流干扰信号；所有检测到受控电流干扰信号的信号监测终端发出报警信息，从而能够判断故障位置，也能够选择出故障线路；The signal monitoring terminal installed in the above-mentioned closed circuit of the present invention can collect the controlled current interference signal; the signal monitoring terminal installed in other positions cannot detect the current interference signal; all detected controlled current interference signals The signal monitoring terminal sends an alarm message, so that the fault location can be judged, and the fault line can also be selected;
本发明所述的信号监测终端发出的报警信息的具体方式是：①通过通信系统发送到远方的故障监测主站系统；②信号监测终端在本地通过状态变化告知电力线路维护人员。The specific method of the alarm information sent by the signal monitoring terminal of the present invention is: ① sending to the remote fault monitoring master station system through the communication system; ② the signal monitoring terminal notifying the power line maintenance personnel locally through the state change.
本发明所述的电压互感器可以采用变电站或线路上已经装设的母线电压互感器或者线路电压互感器，因而所述的电压互感器是可选配器件。The voltage transformer of the present invention can adopt the busbar voltage transformer or the line voltage transformer already installed on the substation or the line, so the voltage transformer is an optional device.
本发明所述的接地电阻是为了防止在所述的控制过程中，发生导通角和导通时间的控制错误而设置的保护用电阻；因而所述的接地电阻是可选配器件。The grounding resistance of the present invention is a protective resistance set up to prevent control errors of the conduction angle and conduction time during the control process; therefore, the grounding resistance is an optional device.
本发明测量控制器驱动可控电力电子开关器件，使非接地相与大地间歇性导通，并且导通角和导通时间能够被控制。The measurement controller of the invention drives the controllable power electronic switching device to make the non-grounded phase conduct intermittently with the earth, and the conduction angle and conduction time can be controlled.
图1是本发明的原理示意图，图2是本发明的工作示意图，图3是本发明的故障定位流程示意图，图4是本发明的晶闸管导通角为15度时晶闸管导通前后的电流波形图，图5是本发明的晶闸管导通角为20度时晶闸管导通前后的电流波形图，图6是本发明的晶闸管导通角为25度时晶闸管导通前后的电流波形图，图7是按照本发明提取出的扰动电流的波形。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the work of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault location flow chart of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a current waveform before and after the conduction of the thyristor of the present invention when the conduction angle of the thyristor is 15 degrees Fig. 5 is a current waveform diagram before and after the conduction of the thyristor when the conduction angle of the thyristor of the present invention is 20 degrees, and Fig. 6 is a current waveform diagram before and after the conduction of the thyristor when the conduction angle of the thyristor of the present invention is 25 degrees, Fig. 7 is the waveform of the disturbance current extracted according to the present invention.
在本实施例中，可控干扰信号源安装配电线路出线开关外侧，信号监测终端按照一定间隔分散安装在配电线路的不同位置。可控干扰信号源内部包括：①电压互感器、②测量控制器、③可控电力电子开关器件(本例中是晶闸管)、④接地电阻。当某条线路发生单相接地故障后，通过控制晶闸管导通，人为造成相间短路。工作原理如图2所示，假定配电系统某条线路A相的D点发生了单相对地故障，控制B相(或者C相)的晶闸管导通，如图2所示，为控制B相与地之间的晶闸管导通，人为地构造A-B相间短路回路。此时A相D点之前靠近电源侧的电流与晶闸管未导通时的电流相比，将携带扰动电流，通过检测该电流扰动信号，来判断单相接地故障点的位置。In this embodiment, the controllable interference signal source is installed outside the outlet switch of the distribution line, and the signal monitoring terminals are scattered and installed at different positions of the distribution line at certain intervals. The controllable interference signal source includes: ①voltage transformer, ②measurement controller, ③controllable power electronic switching device (thyristor in this example), ④grounding resistance. When a single-phase ground fault occurs in a certain line, the thyristor is controlled to be turned on to artificially cause a phase-to-phase short circuit. The working principle is shown in Figure 2. Assume that a single phase-to-ground fault occurs at point D of phase A of a certain line in the power distribution system, and the thyristor controlling phase B (or phase C) is turned on. As shown in Figure 2, to control phase B The thyristor between the ground and the ground is turned on, and the A-B phase-to-phase short circuit is artificially constructed. At this time, the current close to the power supply side before point D of phase A will carry a disturbance current compared with the current when the thyristor is not turned on. By detecting the current disturbance signal, the position of the single-phase ground fault point can be judged.
如图1所示。由于装设在故障点之前的信号监测终端在人为构造的相间短路回路中，而其它的信号监测终端则不在此回路中，那么在此回路中的信号监测终端检测到的线路中的电流信号中必含有由晶闸管短时导通产生的电流扰动信号，因此，可以判断出故障点的位置在最后一个接收到电流扰动信号监测终端和第一个未接收到该扰动电流的信号监测终端之间。当信号监测终端检测出电流扰动信号后，通过通信系统向故障监测主站系统发出报警信号，同时信号监测终端在本地发出状态变化信息，用于帮助检修人员迅速定位故障位置。检测不到电流扰动信号的信号监测终端则不会发出报警信息。通过故障监测主站系统接收到的信号监测终端的编号就能够在远方对故障进行定位。As shown in Figure 1. Since the signal monitoring terminal installed before the fault point is in the artificially constructed phase-to-phase short-circuit circuit, while other signal monitoring terminals are not in this circuit, the current signal in the line detected by the signal monitoring terminal in this circuit It must contain the current disturbance signal generated by the short-term conduction of the thyristor. Therefore, it can be judged that the location of the fault point is between the last monitoring terminal that receives the current disturbance signal and the first signal monitoring terminal that does not receive the disturbance current. When the signal monitoring terminal detects the current disturbance signal, it sends an alarm signal to the fault monitoring main station system through the communication system, and at the same time, the signal monitoring terminal sends out status change information locally to help maintenance personnel quickly locate the fault location. The signal monitoring terminal that cannot detect the current disturbance signal will not send out an alarm message. The fault can be located remotely by the serial number of the signal monitoring terminal received by the fault monitoring master station system.
在本实施例中，由于晶闸管的导通角不同，其引起的电流的扰动也不一样，如果该扰动过小，则信号监测终端可能检测不到；若扰动过大，可能会影响原线路的正常工作，图4、5、6分别是晶闸管导通角为15、20、25度时的电流的变化曲线，由此可以看出，晶闸管导通所产生的扰动电流的大小随着晶闸管导通角的增大而增大。如图7所示，经过前后两个波形相减提取出的扰动电流的波形，通过适当调整晶闸管的导通角，可以找到合适强度的扰动电流信号，在不影响线路正常工作的情况下，满足信号监测终端的工作条件。通过上述方式，可以准确的判定出单相接地故障点位置，在不对电力系统造成任何不良影响的前提下，形成电压和电流波形上的小扰动；利用信号监测终端对扰动进行特征提取和分析，实现故障定位。可以在不影响线路正常工作的前提下，对单相接地故障进行准确定位，原理简单，定位准确度高，成本较低，易于推广。In this embodiment, due to the different conduction angles of the thyristors, the current disturbances caused by them are also different. If the disturbance is too small, the signal monitoring terminal may not detect it; if the disturbance is too large, it may affect the original circuit. Normal operation, Figures 4, 5, and 6 are the change curves of the current when the conduction angle of the thyristor is 15, 20, and 25 degrees respectively. It can be seen from this that the magnitude of the disturbance current generated by the conduction of the thyristor increases with increases with increasing angle. As shown in Figure 7, the waveform of the disturbance current extracted by subtracting the two waveforms before and after, by properly adjusting the conduction angle of the thyristor, a disturbance current signal of suitable strength can be found, without affecting the normal operation of the line. The working condition of the signal monitoring terminal. Through the above method, the position of the single-phase grounding fault point can be accurately determined, and a small disturbance on the voltage and current waveforms can be formed without any adverse effects on the power system; the signal monitoring terminal is used to extract and analyze the characteristics of the disturbance, Realize fault location. The single-phase ground fault can be accurately located without affecting the normal operation of the line, the principle is simple, the positioning accuracy is high, the cost is low, and it is easy to popularize.
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