CN104990794A - Tension-torsion testing machine and testing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tension-torsion testing machine applicable to measurement for all characteristic parameters of the tension and the torsion of a material and a testing method thereof. The tension-torsion testing machine comprises a machine body, wherein a transmission device is arranged in the machine body; a frame is arranged at the upper part of the machine body; the connecting position between the machine body and the frame is provided with a first connecting plate; a lifting device is arranged in the frame; the transmission device drives the lifting device to rise and fall. The testing machine has the characteristics that after speed reduction by a worm wheel and worm, a middle bevel gear is driven to rotate by transmission of a middle shaft, so that the rotation of a lower chuck is finished; bevel gears at two sides are driven to rotate by the middle bevel gear so as to enable a lead screw to rotate and further drive the removable connecting plate to rise or fall. The tension-torsion testing machine and the testing method disclosed by the invention have the advantages that integration of the tension-torsion test can be realized, and more convenience can be brought for the test; all characteristic parameters and dynamic characteristic curves can be displayed in the measurement process, statistic analysis is carried out on measured data, and a measured result is outputted; and the economic and practical effects are achieved and the space can be saved.

Description

Tensile testing machine and its testing method

Technical field:

The invention relates to the field of material mechanics testing, in particular to a tensile and torsion testing machine and a testing method suitable for measuring various characteristic parameters of material stretching and torsion.

Background technique:

With the development of modern industry, modern new materials emerge in an endless stream. In order to explore the specific parameters of new materials in various complex environments (high temperature, high pressure, vacuum, corrosion, etc.), it is necessary to conduct accurate tensile, compressive and torsion tests to obtain better results. Mechanical properties, process properties, structural strength, etc., so as to control product quality. At present, testing machines are widely used in various fields and departments such as machinery, construction, transportation, transportation, metallurgy, chemical industry, textile, aviation, aerospace, energy development, new materials, etc. The requirements for testing machines are increasing day by day. Traditional material testing machines are generally There are tensile testing machines and torsion testing machines, which cannot realize the integration and simultaneous execution of tension, compression and torsion measurement tests.

Invention content:

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a tensile torsion testing machine and a testing method thereof capable of carrying out tensile, torsion and torsion tests on samples.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A tensile and torsion testing machine, comprising a body, a transmission device is arranged in the body, a frame is arranged on the upper part of the body, a first connecting plate is arranged at the connection between the body and the frame, a lifting device is arranged in the frame, and the transmission device Drive the lifting device to go up and down.

The lifting device includes a first lead screw and a second lead screw, the upper ends of the first lead screw and the second lead screw are connected to the top cover plate of the frame, and the lower ends are connected to the first connecting plate, the A movable connecting plate is fixed on the first lead screw and the second lead screw, the upper chuck is fixed on the movable connecting plate, a tension sensor is installed in the upper chuck, and the lower part of the lower chuck corresponding to the upper chuck It is connected with the first connecting plate, the sample to be tested is fixed between the upper chuck and the lower chuck, and the first sensor is arranged on the first connecting plate.

The transmission device includes a first gear, the first gear is sleeved and fixed on the first gear shaft, one end of the first gear shaft is fixedly connected with a worm gear, and the other end is connected with a first clutch, and the first clutch The other end is connected to the lower chuck, the worm gear is connected to the external power mechanism, the two sides of the first gear are respectively provided with a second gear and a third gear, and the first gear is connected to the second gear respectively. The gear meshes with the third gear, the second gear is sleeved and fixed on the second gear shaft, the second gear shaft is connected to the second clutch, and the other end of the second clutch is connected to the first lead screw, The third gear is socketed and fixed on the third gear shaft, the third gear shaft is connected to the third clutch, the other end of the third clutch is connected to the second lead screw, a grating is installed under the turbine, The second sensor is arranged on the bottom plate close to the second gear shaft.

The first gear, the second gear and the third gear are helical gears.

The inner wall of the frame is provided with a slideway, and the movable connecting plate slides along the slideway.

The first clutch, the second clutch and the third clutch are jaw clutches; the two ends of the first clutch, the second clutch and the third clutch and their corresponding shaft connections are connected by keys.

A temperature control box is arranged above the lower chuck, and the temperature control box is formed by fastening two semi-columnar covers, and is arranged around the outside of the sample to be tested.

The lower chuck includes a large chuck and a small chuck, the lower surface of the small chuck is connected to the upper surface of the large chuck, the top of the small chuck is clamped to receive the test sample, and the lower part of the large chuck is connected to the first chuck. The connecting plates are connected by bearings.

The upper ends of the first lead screw and the second lead screw are connected to the top cover plate of the frame through bearing seats, and the lower ends thereof are connected to the first connecting plate through bearings and bearing end covers.

Bearings are installed between the first gear shaft, the second gear shaft and the third gear shaft and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of the body.

The first gear, the second gear and the third gear are connected with the corresponding gear shafts by keys, and the worm gear is connected with the second gear shafts by keys.

The second gear and the turbine are coaxially positioned through the shaft shoulder and the sleeve.

The first sensor is a photoelectric sensor for measuring displacement.

The second sensor is a photoelectric sensor for measuring torsion angle.

The method of using the tensile torsion testing machine to carry out the tensile torsion test is as follows:

Clamp the sample to be tested on the lower chuck, first adjust the coupling state of the clutch according to different test needs, and then start the external power mechanism to make the transmission drive the lifting device to move:

a. If a tensile test is required, the second clutch is combined with the third clutch, and the first clutch is disengaged; the worm gear drives the first gear shaft to drive the first gear to rotate, Then drive the second gear and the third gear meshed with the first gear to rotate, drive the first screw and the second screw to rotate, and make the upper chuck go up or down move, the lower chuck is in a static state, and the tensile test of the sample is realized after clamping the sample; the first sensor and the tension sensor measure the displacement and tension respectively, and transmit two sets of data to the data acquisition card, the material properties are obtained through virtual instruments;

b. If a torsion test is required, the second clutch is separated from the third clutch, and the first clutch is combined; the worm gear drives the first gear shaft to drive the first gear to rotate, and then Drive the lower chuck connected with the first gear to make the lower chuck rotate, and the first lead screw, the second lead screw and the upper chuck are all in a static state to realize the pulling of the sample. Torsion test; the second sensor measures the torsion angle through the grating, the torque sensor measures the torque, the two parameters are transmitted to the data acquisition card, and the material properties are obtained through the virtual instrument;

c. If a pull-torque test is required, combine the first clutch, the second clutch and the third clutch; the worm gear drives the first gear shaft to drive the first gear to rotate, and then Drive the second gear and the third gear meshed with the first gear to rotate, drive the first lead screw and the second lead screw to rotate, and move the upper chuck upward or downward After the sample is clamped, the tensile test of the sample is realized; at the same time, the lower chuck connected to the first gear is driven by the rotating first gear, so that the lower chuck rotates, and the tensile test of the sample is realized. Torsion test; the first sensor and the tension sensor measure displacement and tension respectively, the second sensor measures the torsion angle through the grating, the torque sensor measures the torque, and transmits the data to the data acquisition card respectively, through the virtual instrument Find material properties.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the integration of tensile and torsion tests can be realized, which brings more convenience to the test; various characteristic parameters and dynamic characteristic curves can be displayed during the measurement process, and the measurement data can be statistically analyzed, and the measured Result output; economical and practical, saving space.

Description of drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tension-torsion testing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a clutch state diagram during the tensile test of the tension-torsion testing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a working principle diagram of the measuring system during the tensile test of the tensile and torsion testing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a clutch state diagram during the torsion test of the tensile torsion testing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the measuring system during the torsion test of the tensile and torsion testing machine of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a state diagram of the clutch during the tension and torsion test of the tension and torsion testing machine of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-body, 2-frame, 3-base plate, 4-first connecting plate, 5-second connecting plate, 6-second sensor, 7-turbine, 8-worm, 9-grating, 10-th One helical gear, 11-the second helical gear 11,12-the third helical gear, 13-the first gear shaft, 14-the second gear shaft, 15-the third gear shaft, 16-the first clutch, 17-the second Clutch, 18-third clutch, 19-first lead screw, 20-second lead screw, 21-first sensor, 22-lower chuck, 23-upper chuck, 24-movable connecting plate, 25-wire Bar nut, 26-temperature control box, 27-slide, 28-top cover.

Detailed ways:

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, a tensile and torsion testing machine includes a body 1, a transmission device is arranged in the body, a frame 2 is arranged on the upper part of the body, a first connecting plate 4 is arranged at the connection between the body 1 and the frame 2, and the A lifting device is arranged in the frame 2, and the transmission device drives the lifting device to go up and down.

The lifting device comprises a first leading screw 19 and a second leading screw 20, the upper ends of the first leading screw 19 and the second leading screw 20 are connected with the top cover plate 28 of the frame 2 through a bearing seat, and the lower ends are connected with the top cover plate 28 of the frame 2. The first connecting plate 4 is connected through a bearing and a bearing end cover, the first lead screw 19 and the second lead screw 20 are fixed with a movable connecting plate 24 through a lead screw nut 25, and the inner wall of the frame 2 is provided with a slideway 27. The movable connecting plate 24 slides along the slideway 27, which can not only help the connecting plate move, but also protect the movable connecting plate 24 during the torsion test. The disc 23 is fixed on the movable connecting plate 24, a tension sensor (not shown) is installed in the upper chuck 23, and the lower part of the lower chuck 22 corresponding to the upper chuck 23 passes through the first connecting plate 4. Bearing connection, to ensure the rotation of the lower chuck 22 when performing the torsion experiment, the sample to be tested is fixed between the upper chuck 23 and the lower chuck 22, and the first sensor 21 is arranged on the first connecting plate 4 .

The transmission device includes a first helical gear 10, the first helical gear 10 is keyed to a first gear shaft 13, one end of the first gear shaft 13 is keyed to a worm gear, and the other end is connected to a first gear shaft 13. Clutch 16, the other end of the first clutch 16 is connected to the lower chuck 22, the worm gear is connected to an external power mechanism (not shown), and the two sides of the first helical gear 10 are respectively provided with second A helical gear 11 and a third helical gear 12, the first helical gear 10 meshes with the second helical gear 11 and the third helical gear 12 respectively, and the second helical gear 11 is connected to the second gear by a key shaft 14, the second gear shaft 14 is connected to the second clutch 17, the other end of the second clutch 17 is connected to the first lead screw 19, and the third helical gear 12 is connected to the third gear shaft 15 through a key , the third gear shaft 15 is connected to the third clutch 18, the other end of the third clutch 18 is connected to the second screw 20, the grating 9 is installed under the turbine 7, and the second sensor 6 is arranged close to On the bottom plate 3 of the second gear shaft 14.

The lower chuck 22 is a double-chuck structure, including a large chuck and a small chuck. The lower part of the disk is connected to the first connecting plate 4 through bearings. In order to prevent damage to the chuck due to long-term temperature changes, the upper small chuck can be replaced at any time to ensure more accurate test results.

A temperature control box 26 is arranged above the lower chuck 22, and the temperature control box 26 is formed by buckling two semi-columnar covers, and is surrounded on the outside of the sample to be tested, so that the temperature of the space where the sample is located can be controlled to reach The purpose of testing samples under different temperature conditions.

The first clutch 16, the second clutch 17 and the third clutch 18 are jaw clutches; the two ends of the first clutch 16, the second clutch 17 and the third clutch 18 and the corresponding shaft connections adopt key Connection, while ensuring the clutch effect, the transmission will not be affected.

Bearings are installed between the first gear shaft 13, the second gear shaft 14 and the third gear shaft 15 and the first connecting plate 4 and the second connecting plate 5 arranged in the body 1, which play a role of supporting and helping rotation. effect.

The first helical gear 10 , the second helical gear 11 and the third helical gear 12 are connected to the corresponding gear shafts by keys.

The second helical gear 11 is coaxially positioned with the turbine 7 through the shaft shoulder and the sleeve.

The first sensor 21 is a photoelectric sensor for measuring displacement, and the measurement of displacement is realized by emitting light and receiving light reflected by the movable connecting plate 24 .

The second sensor 6 is a photoelectric sensor for measuring the twist angle, and the twist angle is measured through the grating 9 .

The method of using the tensile torsion testing machine to carry out the tensile torsion test is as follows:

Clamp the sample to be tested on the lower chuck 22, first adjust the coupling state of the clutch according to different test needs, and then start the external power mechanism to make the transmission drive the lifting device to move:

a. As shown in Figure 2, if a tensile test is required, the second clutch 17 and the third clutch 18 are combined, and the first clutch 16 is disengaged; the worm gear drives the first gear The shaft 13 drives the first helical gear 10 to rotate, and then drives the second helical gear 11 and the third helical gear 12 meshed with the first helical gear 10 to rotate, and drives the first lead screw 19 to rotate. Rotate with the second lead screw 20 to make the upper chuck 23 move up or down, and the lower chuck 22 is in a static state, and realize the tensile test to the sample after clamping the sample;

As shown in Figure 3, the first sensor 21 and the tension sensor measure displacement and tension respectively, and transmit two sets of data to the data acquisition card, and obtain material properties through virtual instruments;

b. As shown in Figure 4, if a torsion test is required, the second clutch 17 and the third clutch 18 are disengaged, and the first clutch 16 is combined; the worm gear drives the first gear shaft 13 drives the first helical gear 10 to rotate, and then drives the lower chuck 22 connected with the first helical gear 10, so that the lower chuck 22 rotates, the first screw 19, the second screw 20 and the upper chuck 23 are both in a static state, so as to realize the tensile and torsion test of the sample;

As shown in Figure 5, the second sensor 6 measures the torsion angle through the grating 9, the torque sensor measures the torque, the two parameters are transmitted to the data acquisition card, and the material properties are obtained through the virtual instrument;

c. As shown in Figure 6, if a pull-torque test is required, combine the first clutch 16, the second clutch 17 and the third clutch 18; the worm gear drives the first gear shaft 13 drives the first helical gear 10 to rotate, and then drives the second helical gear 11 and the third helical gear 12 meshed with the first helical gear 10 to rotate, and drives the first lead screw 19 and The second lead screw 20 rotates to make the upper chuck 23 move up or down, and realize the tensile test on the sample after clamping the sample; A helical gear 10 is connected to the lower chuck 22, so that the lower chuck 22 is rotated to realize the tension and torsion test of the sample;

As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, described first sensor 21 and described tension sensor measure displacement and tensile force respectively, described second sensor 6 measures torsion angle through grating 9, and torque sensor measures torque, and the data are respectively The data is transmitted to the data acquisition card, and the material properties are obtained through virtual instruments.

The working principle of the present invention is like this:

The operation of the testing machine depends on the power transmission by the motor, and after the worm gear is decelerated, the intermediate shaft drives the intermediate helical gear to rotate, and then completes the rotation of the lower chuck 22 . Drive the helical gears on both sides to rotate by the middle helical gear again, so that the leading screw rotates. Now the screw nuts 25 on both sides of the movable connecting plate 24 drive the movable connecting plate 24 to rise or fall due to the rotation of the leading screw. If it is only necessary to realize the rotation of the lower chuck 22 or the up and down movement of the movable connecting plate 24, then rely on the engagement or separation of the jaw clutches on the three gear shafts to complete.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without Any deviation from the spirit and scope of the technical solution shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a tension-torsion testing machine, comprises body, is provided with gearing in body, body upper is provided with framework, described body and framework junction are provided with the first web joint, are provided with jacking gear in described framework, and described gearing drives described jacking gear to be elevated; It is characterized in that:

Described jacking gear comprises the first leading screw and the second leading screw, described first leading screw is connected with the top blind flange of framework with the described upper end of the second leading screw, lower end is connected with described first web joint, described first leading screw and the second leading screw are fixed with removable web joint, upper chuck is fixed on described removable web joint, in upper chuck, pulling force sensor is installed, the lower chuck bottom corresponding with described upper chuck is connected with described first web joint, fix sample to be tested between described upper chuck and described lower chuck, first sensor is arranged on described first web joint;

Described gearing comprises the first gear, the first gear shaft is fixed in described first gear socket, one end of described first gear shaft is fixedly connected with turbine and worm device, the other end connects first clutch, the described first clutch other end is connected to described lower chuck, described turbine and worm device connects external impetus mechanism, the both sides of described first gear are respectively equipped with the second gear and the 3rd gear, described first gear respectively with described second gear and described 3rd gears meshing, the second gear shaft is fixed in described second gear socket, described second gear shaft connects second clutch, the described second clutch other end is connected to described first leading screw, the 3rd gear shaft is fixed in described 3rd gear socket, described 3rd gear shaft connects the 3rd clutch coupling, the described 3rd clutch coupling other end is connected to described second leading screw, grating is equipped with in the below of described turbine, second sensor setting is on the base plate near the second gear shaft.

2. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first gear, the second gear and the 3rd gear are spiral gear.

3. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described frame inner wall is provided with slideway, described removable web joint slides along described slideway.

4. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first clutch, second clutch and the 3rd clutch coupling are jaw clutch; The two ends of described first clutch, second clutch and the 3rd clutch coupling and the shaft connection place corresponding with it adopt key to be connected.

5. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with temperature-controlled cabinet above described lower chuck, and described temperature-controlled cabinet is fastened by two semicolumn covers and forms, and is around in outside sample to be tested.

6. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lower chuck comprises large chuck and little chuck, described little chuck lower surface connects large chuck upper surface, described little chuck top clamping sample to be tested, described large chuck bottom is connected by bearing with described first web joint.

7. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first leading screw is connected by bearing seat with the top blind flange of framework with the upper end of the second leading screw, and its lower end is connected with the second web joint by bearing and bearing (ball) cover etc.

8. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first gear, the second gear and the 3rd adopt key to connect between gear and corresponding gear shaft, adopt key to be connected between described turbine with the second gear shaft.

9. a kind of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: all bearing is housed between the first web joint of described first gear shaft, the second gear shaft and the 3rd gear shaft and body and the second web joint.

10. adopt the test method of tension-torsion testing machine according to claim 1 as follows: it is characterized in that:

By sample to be tested clamping on described lower chuck, first need according to different tests the bonding state regulating clutch coupling, then start external impetus mechanism, make described gearing drive jacking gear motion:

A. if desired carry out tension test, then described second clutch and described 3rd clutch coupling are combined, described first clutch is separated; Described turbine and worm drives described first gear shaft to drive described first pinion rotation, and then drive described second gear and described 3rd pinion rotation that are meshed with described first gear, described first leading screw and described second leading screw is driven to rotate, described upper chuck is moved up or down, described lower chuck is stationary state, realizes the extension test to sample after clamping sample; Described first sensor and described pulling force sensor record displacement and pulling force respectively, two groups of data are transferred to data collecting card, draw material property by virtual instrument;

B. if desired carry out twisting test, then by described second clutch and described 3rd clutch separation, described first clutch combines; Described turbine and worm drives described first gear shaft to drive described first pinion rotation, and then drive the lower chuck be connected with described first gear, described lower chuck is rotated, and described first leading screw, the second leading screw and described upper chuck are all stationary state, realize the tension-torsion test to sample; Described second sensor records torsion angle by grating, and torque sensor records moment of torsion, and two parameter is transferred to data collecting card, draws material property by virtual instrument;

C. if desired carry out pull and torsion test, then described first clutch, described second clutch and described 3rd clutch coupling are combined; Described turbine and worm drives described first gear shaft to drive described first pinion rotation, and then drive described second gear and described 3rd pinion rotation that are meshed with described first gear, described first leading screw and described second leading screw is driven to rotate, described upper chuck is moved up or down, after clamping sample, realizes the extension test to sample; Simultaneously by the lower chuck that the first gear driven rotated is connected with described first gear, described lower chuck is rotated, realizes the tension-torsion test to sample; Described first sensor and described pulling force sensor record displacement and pulling force respectively, and described second sensor records torsion angle by grating, and torque sensor records moment of torsion, and data are transferred to data collecting card respectively, draws material property by virtual instrument.