CN104987099A - Three-dimensional biaxial liner yarn interval knitted fabric reinforced ceramic base body structural material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional biaxial liner yarn interval knitted fabric reinforced ceramic base body structural material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional biaxial liner yarn interval knitted fabric reinforced ceramic base body structural material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises a three-dimensional preformed body and a ceramic base body, wherein the three-dimensional preformed body is filled with the ceramic base body. The three-dimensional preformed body comprises an upper-surface fabric, a lower-surface fabric and an interval fabric located between the upper-surface fabric and the lower-surface fabric.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new function material design and manufacture field, particularly a kind of three-dimensional woven construction fabric strengthens ceramic matrix energy-absorbing material.
Background technology
In fields such as aerospace, high speed vehicles, the energy-absorbing absorbing material that use properties is excellent and component thereof, to the security ensureing vehicle, improve it and resist the erosion of extraneous complex environment and impact resistance ability, tool is of great significance.
Three-dimensional structure fiber assembly material has good mechanical mechanics property, excellent Structural Integrity and conformal performance, in engineer applied, be often enhanced body, in order to strongthener mechanical property and stable internal structure.Based on different designs purposes, technician designs and processes multiple three-dimensional structure fabric, as three dimensional separation net fibric woven in application number 2012103089408,3-D in kidney-shaped pyramid sleeve fabric in application number 201110004633, weaving etc. in application number 201210149548.Relative to two-dimensional fabric, distributed and interweave by different states yarn, these three-dimensional structure fabric mechanicses are greatly improved at different aspect.Meanwhile, it is also endowed necessarily functional, and such as, because bundled yarn exists, shearing strength at intersection is cut performance and improved; Fabric thickness increases, and shock resistance damage tolerance improves; Between yarn, space increases, and fabric air-permeability rate improves, and absorbs extraneous specific wavelength ability reinforcement etc.Because performance improves and functional factor etc., three-dimensional structure fiber assembly combines with particular substrate material, obtains matrix material and has the performances such as high-strength, Gao Mo, good shock resistance damage and resistance to fatigue.
Except reinforcement material structure factor, body material complete processing and mechanical property, also can affect composites.Especially ceramic matrix carries out processing preparation based on high-temperature cracking method (PIP) or vapor deposition method (CVI) to material, its complete processing cycle long, reaction conditions requires high, but there is good mechanical performance, preferably hardness, the advantage such as high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, thermal expansivity is little.Therefore, take reasonable process scheme and parameter, material monolithic performance can be improved, improve its energy-absorbing ratio.
Adopting three-dimensional biaxially to serve as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric as reinforcement material, is have good structure effect and energy-absorbing character based on it, comprises knitted stitch, surface lining yarn and interval yarn three part composition.Wherein, knitted stitch and surface lining yarn are distributed in direction in fabric face, and interval yarn is distributed in fabric, along fabric thickness direction orientation.This unique three-dimensional structure makes mechanics better performances in direction in this fabric side, and thickness direction exists good rebound performance and energy absorption ability.Based on above feature, scientific research personnel develops this fabric and is mainly used in and takes and household field, as application number 201110452891 provides the protective clothing that a kind of space fabric processes, a kind of space fabric of application number 200680016676.3 invention makes cushion or liner, a kind of warp-knitted spacer fabric Winter-summer dual purpose of application number 201010253103 invention pad, application number 201010111649.2 provides a kind of warp-knitted spacer fabric building composite material etc.At engineering field, particularly in loading protection field, spacer fabric structure does not also cause comparatively extensive concern.In recent years, along with special engineering field is to the growth of energy-absorbing material demand, scientific research personnel conducts in-depth research this woven fabric structure effect and mechanical behavior, and it can be used as energy absorbing members to be applied to above field by starting, as application number 201210430409.8 discloses a kind of three-dimensional spacer fabric refinforced cement based composites.But at present, do not have the technical scheme that warp-knitted spacer fabric combines with ceramic matrix in prior art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the technical problem that warp-knitted spacer fabric is combined with ceramic matrix, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric and strengthen ceramic matrix structured material and preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and biaxially serve as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric enhancing ceramic matrix structured material, described material comprises three-dimensional preform and fills the ceramic matrix of three-dimensional preform, wherein, three-dimensional preform comprises upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric and the space fabric between upper and lower surface fabric.
Preferably, upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric comprise the lining yarn being positioned at surface and the stocking yarn making to serve as a contrast yarn maintenance relative position respectively, wherein,
The lining yarn of upper and lower surface, in face, laying angle is all ± 90 °, is fine and close perpendicular array, or in upper surface facings, laying angle is ± 45 °, is diamond array, laying angle ± 90 ° in lower surface lining yarn face, fine and close perpendicular array;
The lining yarn on surface forms face inner plane structure by the interspersed loop yarn lock that is knitted into.
Preferably, the surface coils density of described upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric is 150-380/cm
2, lining yarn density is about 10-200 root/cm;
The thickness of described space fabric is 10-25mm.
Preferably, the yarn material used in three-dimensional preform is carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber;
The diameter of lining yarn is 2-3 times of interval yarn diameter in stocking yarn diameter, space fabric.
Again, present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned materials, comprising:
Weave described three-dimensional preform, then, adopt chemical Vapor deposition process, vacuum polymerization thing infiltration pyrolysis method or direct coagulation casting method, in three-dimensional preform, fill ceramic matrix raw material, thus obtain described material.
Preferably, described three-dimensional preform adopts the biaxially knitting interweaving process that mixes of lining yarn to weave by two-faced machine.
Preferably, adopt chemical Vapor deposition process, the described material of preparation is fine and close high energy-absorbing construction material.
Preferably, described chemical Vapor deposition process processing parameter comprises:
Employing raw material is CH
3siCl
3-H
2;
Three-dimensional preform is positioned in settling pocket, and the atmospheric pressure environment of set temperature 1050-1100 DEG C, three-dimensional preform deposits described ceramic matrix raw material, treatment time 200-240 hour.
Preferably, adopt normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method, the described material of preparation is porous dot matrix height absorbent structure material.
Preferably, the processing parameter of described normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method comprises:
Employing raw material is Polycarbosilane, dimethylbenzene, Vinylstyrene, SiC micro mist, absorbing material;
Three-dimensional preform is positioned over impregnated raw material in high-temperature cracking furnace and Pintsch process, the atmospheric pressure environment of set temperature 1200-1300 DEG C, treatment time 120-200 hour.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) three-dimensional of the present invention biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric enhancing ceramic matrix endergonic structure part, based on Jie's sight/macro-scale structures and design of material principle, the reinforcement and advanced ceramics processing technology with better endergonic structure are combined, produces the high energy-absorbing absorbent structure part having particular functionality;
(2) employing reinforcement material weaving technology of the present invention, there is good operability and designability, can for different designs demand, the technical parameters such as adjusting range liner yarn density and distribution angle, fabric spacer thickness, interval yarn distribution angle, meet different engineering demand structure design;
(3) of the present inventionly multiple ceramic matrix raw material and corresponding synthesis technique can be adopted more flexibly.By technology controlling and process, complete interstitital texture part and hollow structural members can be prepared, meet multiple lightweight engineer applied demand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 adopts a kind of perform manufacturing in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 adopts a kind of perform manufacturing in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 designs two kinds of exemplary product structure schematic diagram (a is that embodiment 1 prepares high energy-absorbing ceramic component, and b is that embodiment 2 prepares porous dot matrix microwave-absorbing ceramic component) in the present invention's two embodiments.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and following embodiment, should be understood that accompanying drawing and following embodiment are only for illustration of the present invention, and unrestricted the present invention.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional biaxially to serve as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric enhancing ceramic matrix energy-absorbing material design and technological process.The class lattice structure state of this material and material properties are applicable to complex-curved endergonic structure part.Interval yarn can strengthen matrix on fabric thickness direction, utilizes elasticity and the supporting capacity of this part yarn, improves material structure stability and S. E. A.; Lining yarn locks knot by stitching thread, and in face, direction provides better in-plane strength and rigidity for material, better can protect inner base simultaneously, further enhancing material monolithic stability; Internal structure porous form, inhaling ripple design for engineering provides better solution.Thisly to be designed in conjunction with energy-absorbing material made by advanced material complete processing by material microscopical structure, the shock resistance fields such as high speed vehicle protecting component, aircraft lands bolster can be applied to and energy-absorbing inhales ripple field.
Three-dimensional of the present invention biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric and strengthens ceramic matrix energy-absorbing material, and described effective energy-absorbing absorbent structure part, comprises the two portions such as three-dimensional preform and ceramic matrix material.Specific embodiments is made up of two parts: three-dimensional biaxially serves as a contrast the design of yarn knitted spaced fabric and strengthens ceramic matrix moulding process with processing, fabric.
1. three dimensional fabric tissue design with weave:
The present invention takes texture of fabric to be that three-dimensional biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted structure.This structure comprises knitted yarn loop yarn, wall stocking yarn, lining yarn three groups of yarn compositions, adopts the biaxially knitting interweaving process that mixes of lining yarn to weave by improved two-faced machine;
Above-mentioned transformation two-faced machine is furnished with two-needle bar.The knitted stitch in space fabric two faces, respectively in corresponding needle-bar lopping, by regulating needle-bar distance can change wall stocking yarn length, and then regulates fabric thickness;
Above-mentioned transformation two-faced machine is furnished with two-way lining yarn feed rake.Simultaneously, warp-wise and broadwise both direction lining yarn feeding texture of fabric interweave the knitting lopping of space fabric by two-way lining yarn feed rake.According to introducing yarn number and tightening weft speed, regulate thread density in three dimensional fabric face, and then strength and stiffness in corresponding adjustment fabric side.The yarn feeding angle of lining yarn feed rake can regulate, and warp-wise and the change of weft yams intersecting angle, can regulate direction pore size distribution density in its face, for inhaling wave energy design; Above-mentioned transformation two-faced machine two-needle bar adjustable berth interlayer stocking yarn distribution angle.According to Product Process design and purposes, to be spaced control by stocking yarn surplus and needle-bar, adjustable berth is every yarn distribution angle (0 ° of < θ≤90 °);
Yarn is knitting mixes interweaving process for above-mentioned biaxially lining, based on two-faced machine after improvement, adopts the raw material such as high strength stocking yarn and high modulus carbon fiber, in conjunction with corresponding sizing technique, realizes the process for processing of knitted spaced fabric;
Yarn is knitting mixes interweaving process for above-mentioned biaxially lining, adopts the fire-resistant high-performance such as carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber fiber for processing raw material.Stocking yarn and lining yarn according to purpose of design and demand, can select yarn classification and fineness respectively.
Use carbon fiber as raw material, lining yarn arrangement angle, surperficial area density and spacer thickness are adjustable controlled.
Multiple advanced ceramics preparation technology can be used, its processing conditions and processing parameter are regulated, normal pressure densification be carried out to preform material, obtains the finished product.
The first preform design of described employing is the stuffer weft of upper and lower surface, and in face, laying angle is all ± 90 °, is fine and close perpendicular array.Described employing the second preform design is that in upper surface lining yarn face, laying angle is ± 45 °, is diamond array, laying angle ± 90 ° in lower surface lining yarn face, fine and close perpendicular array.
2. ceramic matrix synthesis technique and forming materials (described densification process, selects targeted processing conditions and processing parameter):
Based on Reinforcement structure and performance requriements, compound is matrix used both can adopt dusty raw materials, also can use aqueous raw material.Ceramic matrix synthesis technique adopts inorganic materials densification sintering technology, as chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD), vacuum polymerization thing infiltration pyrolysis method (PIP) or direct coagulation casting technique (DDC) etc.After densification sintering technology, surface treatment can be carried out to contoured members, make surface not only have stronger mechanical property, also can have certain high thermal resistance, erosion resistance or other are functional;
Above-mentioned stupalith Material synthesis and shaping preparation use dusty raw materials, use fluid force or mechanical force mode to fill reinforcement material; Use aqueous raw material, use the mode such as pickling process or vacuum method to fill reinforcement material;
Above-mentioned stupalith densification sintering technology, adopts synthesis under normal pressure environment, can ensure that three-dimensional biaxially serves as a contrast the knitting three-dimensional arrangement of yarn and remains unchanged, make base cloth mechanical property at utmost meet its purpose of design;
Above-mentioned stupalith densification sintering technology, adjustable deposits materials thickness, fills completely and not exclusively fills.Fill Reinforcement structure completely, the endergonic structure part that intensity is higher can be prepared.Incomplete filling Reinforcement structure, at space fabric double-sided deposition certain thickness body material, can prepare the endergonic structure part of hollow heat insulation, sound insulation;
Above-mentioned ceramic base energy-absorbing construction material carries out surface treatment, as top coat, surface finish, energy-absorbing absorbent structure part can be made fully to resist absorption external energy, also can increase the performances such as high temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant simultaneously, carry out more extensive engineer applied.
The first preform described, in conjunction with chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD), prepares complete densification height endergonic structure part.Described the second preform, in conjunction with normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method (PIP), prepares porous dot matrix height absorbent structure part.
Described chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD) adopts raw material to be: CH
3siCl
3-H
2.Be positioned in settling pocket, the atmospheric pressure environment of about set temperature 1050-1100 DEG C.
Described normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method (PIP) adopts raw material to be: Polycarbosilane, dimethylbenzene, Vinylstyrene, SiC micro mist, absorbing material.Be positioned in high-temperature cracking furnace, the atmospheric pressure environment that set temperature is about 1250 DEG C.Control speed of response and level of response, in three-dimensional structure preform, vacancy is partially filled, and regulates intermediate void size, forms the fiber reinforced ceramic structure of hollow structure inside.
Beneficial effect
(1) three-dimensional of the present invention biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric enhancing ceramic matrix endergonic structure part, based on Jie's sight/macro-scale structures and design of material principle, the reinforcement and advanced ceramics processing technology with better endergonic structure are combined, produces the high energy-absorbing absorbent structure part having particular functionality;
(2) employing reinforcement material weaving technology of the present invention, there is good operability and designability, can for different designs demand, the technical parameters such as adjusting range liner yarn density and distribution angle, fabric spacer thickness, interval yarn distribution angle, meet different engineering demand structure design;
(3) of the present inventionly multiple ceramic matrix raw material and corresponding synthesis technique can be adopted more flexibly.By technology controlling and process, complete interstitital texture part and hollow structural members can be prepared, meet multiple lightweight engineer applied demand.
This structured material is in conjunction with three dimension stereo fabric constructional feature, and the excellent properties such as carbon fiber mechanical property and ceramic matrix characteristic, have better designability and structural stability, excellent mechanical property, higher energy-absorbing proportion, better performance of absorbing electromagnetic wave.This material is applicable to the energy absorbing members such as high speed vehicle protecting component, aircraft lands bolster, and porous dot matrix inhales the fields such as ripple component.
Three-dimensional is biaxially served as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric and combines with ceramic matrix complete processing by the present invention, prepares a kind of three-dimensional woven construction fabric and strengthens ceramic matrix energy-absorbing material.Base measuring fiber raw material adopts the fire-resistant high-performance such as carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber fiber.Ceramic matrix complete processing adopts chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD), vacuum polymerization thing infiltration pyrolysis method (PIP) or direct coagulation casting technique (DDC) etc.
Exemplify embodiment below further to describe the present invention in detail.Should understand equally; following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, some nonessential improvement that those skilled in the art's foregoing according to the present invention is made and adjustment all belong to protection scope of the present invention.The processing parameter etc. that following example is concrete is also only an example in OK range, and namely those skilled in the art can be done in suitable scope by explanation herein and select, and do not really want the concrete numerical value being defined in Examples below.
Embodiment 1
Implement to adopt weaving material kind and technical parameter: stocking yarn and lining yarn adopt carbon fiber.Stocking yarn number 2400Tex, lining yarn count is 1200Tex, needle-bar plane No. 3 pins/25.4mm, and machine tool spaced distance is 18mm, and in stuffer weft face, laying angle is ± 90 °, is perpendicular array;
Implement equipment: novel biaxial is to enhancing knitted spaced fabric machine;
Weaving prepartion: yarn bobbin winding, added, entry, open;
Weaving technology: novel biaxial is to lining yarn knit spacer weaving technology;
Precaution: initial weaving phase common yarn weaves in advance, then introduce carbon fiber and weave;
Weave preform technical parameter: thickness 22mm, spacer thickness is 16mm, and fabric width is 100mm × 100mm;
Implement to adopt ceramic matrix synthesis technique to be chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD).The three-dimensional structure fabric weaved carried out the anti-oxidation pre-treatment of coating, leave standstill or Negative pressure elimination prestress.Employing raw material is: CH
3siCl
3-H
2.Be positioned in settling pocket, the atmospheric pressure environment of about set temperature 1050-1100 DEG C, 240 hours treatment times;
To deposit, in three-dimensional structure preform, hollow space has been filled completely, formation interior solid fiber reinforced ceramic (ceramic matrix is carbofrax material) structure (as in Fig. 3 a).This product in-plane strength is high, and shock resistance energy absorption capability is strong, can be used in high-strength impact-resistant structural part.
Embodiment 2
Implement to adopt weaving material kind and technical parameter: stocking yarn and lining yarn adopt carbon fiber.Stocking yarn number 2400Tex, lining yarn count is 1200Tex, needle-bar plane No. 3 pins/25.4mm, and machine tool spaced distance is 12mm, and in upper surface lining yarn face, laying angle is ± 45 °, is diamond array, laying angle ± 90 ° in lower surface lining yarn face, fine and close perpendicular array;
Implement equipment: novel biaxial is to enhancing knitted spaced fabric machine;
Weaving prepartion: yarn bobbin winding, added, entry, open;
Weaving technology: novel biaxial is to lining yarn knit spacer weaving technology;
Precaution: initial weaving phase common yarn weaves in advance, then introduce carbon fiber and weave;
Weave preform technical parameter: thickness 18mm, spacer thickness is 10mm, and fabric width is 100mm × 100mm;
Implement to adopt ceramic matrix synthesis technique to be normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method (PIP).The three-dimensional structure fabric weaved carried out the anti-oxidation pre-treatment of coating, leave standstill or Negative pressure elimination prestress.Employing raw material is: Polycarbosilane, dimethylbenzene, Vinylstyrene, SiC micro mist, absorbing material.Be positioned in high-temperature cracking furnace, the atmospheric pressure environment that set temperature is about 1250 DEG C, 160 hours total times of process;
Control speed of response and level of response, in in three-dimensional structure preform, vacancy is partially filled, regulate intermediate void size, formed hollow structure inside fiber reinforced ceramic (ceramic matrix is carbofrax material) structure (as in Fig. 3 b).This product in-plane strength is high, and shock resistance energy absorption capability is strong, has multi-layer pore space structure.The rhombus cavity of its upper surface can pass through surface, enters inside, inner void structure and lower surface densified materials, can reflect and reflect, until absorb completely the width ejected wave of respective wavelength.Because this material internal reinforcement is carbon fiber, internal resistance is less, and resistivity is about 0.05 Ω m, has good electroconductibility; Body material is carbofrax material simultaneously, and internal resistance is larger.In material local, both can be combined into dipole, can improve material wave-sucking performance.Therefore empty structure and dipole resonance effect, can work in coordination with and improve material wave-sucking performance.Through relevant report, within the scope of 10-18GHz, the suction wave reflection decay of 8mm aperture carbon fiber arrangement is fluctuated about-10dB.Therefore, this matrix material material design hole diameter is designed to 8mm, estimates that within the scope of absorption 10 ~ 18Hz, pad value can reach-20 ~-30dB.This porous material belongs to three-dimensional lattice structured material, and in suction ripple field, the strong and material settling out of designability, application potential is larger.
Claims (10)
1. a three-dimensional biaxially serves as a contrast yarn knitted spaced fabric enhancing ceramic matrix structured material, it is characterized in that, described material comprises three-dimensional preform and fills the ceramic matrix of three-dimensional preform, wherein, three-dimensional preform comprises upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric and the space fabric between upper and lower surface fabric.
2. material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric comprise the lining yarn being positioned at surface and the stocking yarn making to serve as a contrast yarn maintenance relative position respectively, wherein,
The lining yarn of upper surface and lower surface, in face, laying angle is all ± 90 °, is fine and close perpendicular array, or in upper surface facings, laying angle is ± 45 °, is diamond array, laying angle ± 90 ° in lower surface lining yarn face, fine and close perpendicular array; The lining yarn on surface forms face inner plane structure by the interspersed loop yarn lock that is knitted into.
3. material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the surface coils density of described upper surface fabric, lower surface fabric is 150-380/cm
2, lining yarn density is about 10-200 root/cm;
The thickness of described space fabric is 10-25mm.
4., according to described material arbitrary in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the yarn material used in three-dimensional preform is carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber.
5. the preparation method of arbitrary described material in a claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, comprise: weave described three-dimensional preform, then, adopt chemical Vapor deposition process, vacuum polymerization thing infiltration pyrolysis method or direct coagulation casting method, in three-dimensional preform, fill ceramic matrix raw material, thus obtain described material.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described three-dimensional preform adopts the biaxially knitting interweaving process that mixes of lining yarn to weave by two-faced machine.
7. the preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, adopt chemical Vapor deposition process, the described material of preparation is fine and close high energy-absorbing construction material.
8., according to described preparation method arbitrary in claim 5-7, it is characterized in that, described chemical Vapor deposition process processing parameter comprises:
Employing raw material is CH
3siCl
3-H
2;
Three-dimensional preform is positioned in settling pocket, and the atmospheric pressure environment of set temperature 1050-1100 DEG C, three-dimensional preform deposits described ceramic matrix raw material, treatment time 200-240 hour.
9. the preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, adopt normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method, the described material of preparation is porous dot matrix absorbent structure material.
10., according to described preparation method arbitrary in claim 5,6,9, it is characterized in that, the processing parameter of described normal-pressure vacuum polymer impregnation pyrolysis method comprises:
Employing raw material is Polycarbosilane, dimethylbenzene, Vinylstyrene, SiC micro mist, absorbing material;
Three-dimensional preform is positioned over impregnated raw material in high-temperature cracking furnace and Pintsch process, the atmospheric pressure environment of set temperature 1200-1300 DEG C, treatment time 120-200 hour.
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