CN104982107A - Combined machine for preparing soil and recycling and baling residual films - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined operation machine for soil preparation and residual film recycling and packing, which comprises a leveling mechanism (21) and a nail-toothed rake group (62), and is characterized in that a chain rake-type picking-up mechanism is arranged behind the nail-toothed rake group (62), Afterwards, a separation and collection mechanism and a collection box (31) are provided in sequence, and the separation and collection mechanism is a fence-type screening mechanism. Compared with the existing technology, the leveling of the land and the recovery of residual film are organically combined and completed at one time. While leveling the land, the residual film in the shallow layer of the ground surface is combed out, and the land is further recovered while the film is recovered. Harrowing not only improves the leveling effect of the land, but also cleans and recycles the residual film on the shallow layer of the ground. The work efficiency is twice the result with half the effort, and the environment of the soil crop growth layer is greatly improved, especially ensuring that the crop seedlings can grow in a relatively healthy environment.

Description

Residual Film Recycling and Packing Combined Operation Machine for Land Preparation

technical field

The invention relates to an agricultural machine, in particular to a combined operation machine for soil preparation and residual film recycling and packaging.

Background technique

At present, the application of plastic film planting technology has been very common, which has brought great benefits to agriculture, but the residue of plastic film in the land has also become a serious problem, which has also brought great pollution and harm to the soil and the environment. Pollution hinders the growth of crops and seriously loses their ability to support.

Therefore, in the current production, people have fully paid attention to the recycling of the used plastic film, and concentrated recycling through various machines, so that most of the residual film in the production can be recycled, and the phenomenon of large-scale pollution has been suppressed. However, due to years of use, there will always be some mulch film fragments remaining in the soil during the recycling process, which is difficult to recycle, and the current special mulch film recycling machinery for this part of the residual film has a poor recovery effect. If it is not cleaned and recycled in time, it will form Accumulate and cause harm to various operations in planting.

At present, the recovery of residual film is manual recovery, which mainly picks up larger pieces and residual film floating on the ground surface, which is inefficient and labor-intensive. The second is mechanical recycling.

The current recycling machinery mainly adopts the hook rake type or the sieve type. The pick-up effect of the hook rake is poor, especially for small residual film fragments.

The sieve type collection effect is better, but the efficiency is very low, and it is difficult to apply in a large area.

At present, there are mainly the following types of recycling machinery for residual film.

Direct film-lifting type: 98212885.1 discloses a rolling film-type residual film recycling machine through which the film-lifting wheel, film-feeding impeller and film-rolling roller are installed sequentially. There are tape blades on the impeller, and a film-lifting guide rail is installed on the rear and lower part of the film-lifting wheel, which is suitable for the recycling of plastic film before plowing the land, and is helpless for the residual film fragments that have remained in the land.

Rake type: the farmland residual film recycling machine disclosed in Chinese patents CN200420069544.5, CN200620158834.6, CN200720147138.X, CN201115333Y, CN200962716Y, CN2719003Y, CN204377359U just belongs to this type of machinery, and mainly carries out raking by elastic teeth. The mechanism structure is simple and the operation speed is fast. It is mainly aimed at the recovery of the mulch film in the autumn harvest or after the autumn harvest. It is suitable for recycling large pieces of mulch film, but it has little effect on the small residual film fragments in the land. Fragments are difficult to recycle.

Screening type: as disclosed in Chinese patents CN200720156741.4, CN200820103700.3, CN200520105700.3, CN201410464258.7 residual film recycling machine. The operation is generally also used for special operation machines. The residual film and soil are mainly separated by a separation mechanism such as a screen. The operation efficiency is low and it is difficult to meet the needs of production.

滚耙式：如中国专利CN99213281.9、CN200820103942.2、CN200920164612.9、CN200520002575.3、CN200620114191.5、CN201220117766.4、CN95203438.7、CN201020604657.6、CN201010542303.8、CN201010284986.1所公开的收The film mechanism mainly rolls in the ground through the pick-up roller covered with thorn-like teeth. The thorn-like teeth pick up the residual film in the ground. The residual film on the teeth is brushed off and recovered. The structure of this type of mechanism is relatively simple, and it can be combined with various operating machines for joint operations, and is especially suitable for auxiliary operations in various farming.

The above-mentioned film collecting mechanism mainly has a good recovery effect on a large number or large pieces of plastic film, while the small fragments remaining in the land have almost no effect, and these small plastic film fragments will form and accumulate in the land. After many years, the accumulation of these fragments of plastic film is quite serious, which has a serious impact on farming, especially on the growth of seedlings in the current season: there will always be some seeds that are just sown on the plastic film fragments, making it difficult for the seeds to take root smoothly.

Due to the existence of residual mulch in previous years, when seeds are sown on the residual mulch, it will be difficult to germinate and take root, affecting the emergence of crops, resulting in reduced production. The existing residual film recovery machines before sowing are mainly rake type and chain rake residual film recovery machines. The rake type residual film recovery machines, such as

Chinese patents CN201310712777.6, CN201220168697.X, CN201320361901.4, CN200820301759.3, CN200920164612.9, CN201020521779.9, CN201020521779.9, and CN201020567250.0 disclose the equipment for picking up or separating these broken mulches from the land. Both are the entire large area of land, that is, extensive treatment is carried out on a large area of land,

Therefore, it is very difficult to pick up or separate the fragments of mulch film remaining in the land from years of cultivation, and it has become a major problem in modern agricultural planting.

In agricultural farming, soil preparation before sowing is a common work procedure in dry fields in my country. Generally, the soil surface after plowing should be leveled, harrowed and suppressed before sowing.

However, since a large amount of residual film stays in the leveled soil in the farmland, it will have a negative impact on the sowing process and the germination of the seeds after sowing. Therefore, the recovery of the residual film on the shallow surface after site preparation has become a necessary operation procedure after site preparation. The existing operation mode usually divides "soil preparation" and "film collection" into two procedures for operation. For large-scale farmland operations, the existing farming methods have many times of rolling the farmland, which will affect the leveling operation effect to a certain extent, and the operation cost will be greatly increased.

The "a kind of split-type flat-field film-winding combined operation machine" described in the patent CN203387853U combines the leveling operation with the pre-sowing film, and realizes the simple leveling and film-winding combined operation, but because it is only after the land is leveled, Using a rake to simply hold the film does not level the land thoroughly, nor can it recover the residual film well, especially the effect of film collection is half the result with twice the effort, so it cannot achieve the expected goal well.

In response to the above problems, a combined operation machine that combines soil preparation operations and simultaneously recycles and packs the residual plastic film has emerged as the times require.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined operation machine that combines soil preparation operations and simultaneously recovers residual plastic film, especially a soil preparation operation for the shallow surface of the ground before sowing, while leveling the land and leaving years of cultivation in the land A combined operation machine that cleans out the residual plastic film and simultaneously recycles the residual plastic film for land preparation.

The combined operation device of the present invention includes a leveling mechanism (21) and a nail-toothed rake group (62), and is characterized in that a plastic film pick-up mechanism is provided behind the nail-toothed rake group (62), and the plastic film pickup mechanism is a chain rake type pickup mechanism , comprising a frame and a chain rake mechanism composed of a drive chain A (42) and a pick-up tooth bar (41) densely distributed on the drive chain A (42), the upper end of the chain rake mechanism is hinged on the frame and The hinge point is a profiling mechanism that swings to form a suspension. A guide plate A (44) is provided on the surface of the pick-up tooth bar formed at the lower part of the chain rake mechanism. The guide plate A (44) is a plate-like body or a fence-like body. , the lower end of the guide plate A (44) is a pick-up end, and the upper end is a discharge end, and the discharge end is followed by a separation film collection mechanism and a collection box (31);

Further, the guide plate A (44) is preferably a plate-shaped body, and the plate-shaped body is in the shape of a corrugated plate with grooves.

The separation and membrane collection mechanism is one of the following:

It is a fence-type screening mechanism. The fence-type screening mechanism consists of a drive chain B (52) and a grid (51) on the drive chain B (52) to form a conveying belt-shaped conveying screen body. The mulch film picked up by the rake type pick-up mechanism is screened and sent to the collection box (31),

or

It is an air-suction screening mechanism, which includes a horizontal conveying mechanism (46) and a negative pressure blower (56), and the negative pressure blower (56) is provided with a negative pressure nozzle (57) and a positive pressure outlet, The negative pressure suction nozzle (57) is positioned on the conveying surface of the transverse conveying mechanism (46) and the positive pressure outlet enters the collection box (31).

Further, when the separating film-collecting mechanism is a fence-type screening mechanism, two sets of horizontal conveying mechanisms (46) are preferably provided after the film picking mechanism to convey from both sides to the middle, and the horizontal conveying mechanism (46) , to transport the recovered plastic film to the middle, and set up a group of separation film collection mechanism.

Further, a guide plate B (45) and a crushing roller (53) are arranged below between the above-mentioned two groups of transverse conveying mechanisms (46), and the crushing roller (53) is installed in a grooved hole on the frame, The profiling function can be realized in the grooved hole by its own gravity. The bottom of the crushing roller (53) is provided with a support roller (63). 53) Cooperate with crushing the clods mixed in the mulch.

Further, the drive chain B (52) of the fence type screening mechanism is preferably provided with a connecting rod (55) through a bracket 54, and at least two groups of the grid bars (51) are arranged on the connecting rod (55). )superior;

Furthermore, a suppressor (61) is provided at the rear to suppress the land after the plastic film is cleaned and recovered.

Still further, it is preferable to set an unloading mechanism in the above-mentioned collection box (31) to unload the collected plastic film, and the unloading mechanism is preferably a conveyor belt.

Further, for unloading thoroughly, the surface of the conveyor belt (33) is preferably provided with transverse ribs (34), and the side plates of the collection box at both ends of the conveyor belt (33) are provided with discharge doors (35).

Further, a packing or bundling mechanism is preferably arranged in the collection box (31). When the plastic film is full, the plastic film is packed or bundled and then unloaded. The preferred structure of the packaging or bundling mechanism is as follows: In the space in the collection box (31) casing, at least one surrounding passage is provided, and the passage is a groove shape with open sides and is provided with a packing belt piercing entrance and a piercing exit, and the packing tape piercing entrance and piercing exit are in the box body. The edges meet at the confluence, and there is a packing belt head mechanism at the confluence.

The key points of the working process of the combined operation machine of the present invention are as follows: first, level the land, then rake and loosen the leveled land surface, and at the same time turn the residual plastic film in the land surface to the surface, and then turn the rake The residual plastic film on the surface is recycled, and the specific process is as follows:

Land leveling: use the leveling mechanism (21) to scrape and grind the land to make the large surface of the ground level;

Raking and loosening: use the nail-toothed harrow group (62) to rake and loosen the soil surface, and rake the residual plastic film in the soil surface to the ground surface;

Mulch film picking: Use a chain rake-type pickup mechanism to pick up the broken mulch film on the surface of the ground. The chain rake-type pick-up mechanism includes a frame and a drive chain A (42) and pick-up teeth densely distributed on the drive chain A (42). The chain rake mechanism formed by the rod (41), the upper end of the chain rake mechanism is hinged on the frame and swings with the hinge point as the axis to form a suspended profiling mechanism, and the pick-up tooth bar formed at the bottom of the chain rake mechanism is provided with a Guide plate A (44) is arranged, and this guide plate A (44) is a plate-shaped body or a fence-like body, and the plastic film of the shallow layer on the ground surface is picked up.

The guide plate A (44) is preferably a plate-shaped body, and the plate-shaped body is preferably in the shape of a corrugated plate with grooves.

Separation and film collection: the picked up mulch film is further separated through the separation film collection mechanism and collected into the collection box (31), specifically through one of the following methods:

The mulch film picked up by the chain rake type pick-up mechanism is screened by the fence type screening mechanism and sent into the collection box (31). The grid bar (51) constitutes the conveyor belt-shaped conveying screen body, and the plastic film picked up by the chain rake type pick-up mechanism is screened and sent to the collection box (31) by the conveying screen body.

or

A horizontal conveying mechanism (46) is set, and the plastic film picked up by the chain rake type picking mechanism is conveyed laterally through the lateral conveying mechanism (46). The mulch is sucked and sent to the collection box (31).

Further, the land after the plastic film cleaning and recycling is suppressed by the suppressor (61).

Further, the mulch film in the above-mentioned collection box (31) is preferably processed in one of the following ways:

When advancing to the ground, unload the collected plastic film by setting a discharge mechanism in the collection box (31), and the discharge mechanism is one of a conveyor belt or a tipping bucket;

or

A packing or bundling mechanism is set in the collection box (31). When the plastic film is full, the plastic film is packed or bundled and then unloaded. The structure of the packaging or bundling mechanism is as follows: in the collection box (31) casing At least one surrounding channel is provided in the space of the box, the channel is in the shape of a groove with open sides and is provided with a packing belt threading entrance and a threading exit, and the packing tape threading entrance and threading exit converge at the edge of the box body, and at the confluence It is equipped with a packing belt head mechanism.

Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention completes the leveling of the land and the recovery of the residual film at one time, and organically combines it. While leveling the land, the residual film in the shallow layer of the ground surface is combed out, and while the plastic film is recovered, it is further recovered. Raking and raking the land not only improves the leveling effect of the land, but also cleans and recycles the residual film on the shallow layer of the ground. grow in.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a collection box in Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a side view of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a fence-type screening mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top view of FIG. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the negative pressure separation and membrane collection mechanism in Example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the left view of FIG. 7 .

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a guide plate A in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a packing or bundling mechanism in a collection box according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a packing or bundling mechanism in a collecting box according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

As shown in the figure: 1 is a traction frame, 21 is a leveling mechanism, 22 is a hydraulic lifting mechanism, 23 is a depth gauge wheel, 24 is a moldboard, 31 is a collection box, 32 is a collection box side plate, 33 is a conveyor belt, 34 is a convex line, 35 is a discharge door, 36 is a support column, 37 is a packing belt, 38 is a sealer, 39 is a reel, 41 is a pick-up rack, 42 is a drive chain A, 43 is a brush roller, 44 is Guide plate A, 45 is guide plate B, 46 is a horizontal conveying mechanism, 51 is a grid, 52 is a drive chain B, 53 is a crushing roller, 54 is a bracket, 55 is a connecting rod, 56 is a negative pressure fan, 57 It is a negative pressure nozzle, 61 is a packer, 62 is a nail-tooth rake group, and 63 is a support roller.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: Referring to accompanying drawings 1-6, it is a schematic structural diagram of a combined operation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, including a traction frame 1, a leveling mechanism 21, a set of spike rakes 62, a compactor 61 and a collection box 31.

The leveling mechanism 21 includes a moldboard 23 , a depth gauge wheel 23 and a hydraulic lifting mechanism 22 .

The collection box side plate 32 at the front of the collection box 31 is a movable door, and a discharge mechanism is set in the collection box 31 to unload the collected plastic film. The discharge mechanism is a conveyor belt 33 for unloading. The material is thorough, and the surface of the conveyor belt 33 is provided with transverse convex strips 34, and the side plates of the collection box at both ends of the conveyor belt 33 are provided with a discharge door 35.

After the nail-tooth rake group 62, a mulch pick-up mechanism is provided. The mulch pick-up mechanism is a chain rake-type pick-up mechanism, which includes a frame and a chain rake mechanism composed of a drive chain A42 and a pick-up tooth bar 41 densely distributed on the drive chain A42. The upper end of the chain rake mechanism is hinged on the frame and swings around the hinge point to form a suspended profiling mechanism. A guide plate A44 is provided on the surface of the pick-up rack formed at the lower part of the chain rake mechanism. A44 is a fence-like body, and the lower end of guide plate A44 is a pick-up end, and the upper end is a discharge end, and the chain rake mechanism at the discharge end is provided with a brush roller 43 to brush off the residual film on the pick-up tooth bar 41.

The separation and film collection mechanism is a fence-type screening mechanism. The fence-type screening mechanism is composed of a drive chain B52 and a grid 51 on the drive chain B52 to form a conveyor belt-shaped conveying screen body. The drive chain B52 is provided with a bracket 54 The connecting rod 55, and the grid bars 51 are arranged in groups of three on the connecting rod 55, and the conveying screen body screens the plastic film picked up by the chain rake type picking mechanism and sends it into the collection box 31.

There are 4 groups of said mulch picking mechanism, and two groups of horizontal conveying mechanisms 46 are arranged below the brush roller 43 to convey from both sides to the middle. Such as the scraper-type conveying mechanism, the horizontal conveying mechanism 46 conveys the recovered mulch to the middle, and the separating film-collecting mechanism is provided with one set, and a guide plate B45 and a crushing roller 53 are arranged below between the above-mentioned two sets of conveying belts. Crushing roller 53 is installed in the groove-shaped hole on the frame, can rely on self gravity to realize profiling function in groove-shaped hole, and crushing roller 53 bottoms are provided with support roller 63, and this support roller 63 can support frame on the one hand, On the other hand, it can cooperate with the pulverizing roller 53 to pulverize the clods mixed in the mulch.

It is possible to complete the recovery of soil preparation and residual film at one time through the joint operation device for soil preparation and residual film recovery. The specific process is: firstly, use the leveling mechanism 21 to scrape and grind the land to make the large surface of the ground level, and then pass 62 pairs of nail-toothed rakes Rake and loosen the surface layer of the land, and at the same time turn and rake the residual plastic film in the surface layer to the surface or the shallow layer of the ground surface, use the chain rake type picking mechanism to pick up the residual plastic film on the shallow layer of the ground surface, and send the picked up plastic film to the separation set The film mechanism is further separated and collected and sent to the collection box 31. After the mechanism runs to the headland or a designated place, the collected plastic film is unloaded by the unloading mechanism set in the collection box 31.

Embodiment 2: Referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the separation and membrane collection mechanism is an air-suction screening mechanism. The air-suction screening mechanism includes a horizontal conveying mechanism 46 and a negative pressure blower 56. The negative pressure blower 56 is provided with a negative pressure nozzle 57 and a positive pressure outlet. The horizontal conveying mechanism 46 is a group of conveyor belts, and the negative pressure nozzle 57 is located The positive pressure outlet on the conveying surface of the conveying belt of the conveying mechanism 46 enters the collecting box 31 .

In use, the chain rake type picking mechanism picks up the residual plastic film and sends it to the surface of the horizontal conveying mechanism 46. When running with the horizontal conveying mechanism 46, the plastic film will be sucked away and recovered through the negative pressure suction nozzle 57, and heavy sundries such as soil clods will be removed. be left behind.

Embodiment 3: Referring to FIG. 9 , it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that the guide plate A44 is in the shape of a corrugated plate with grooves.

Embodiment 4: With reference to Fig. 9, it is the schematic structural view of embodiment 3 of the present invention, compared with embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is: a packing or bundling mechanism is set in the collection box 31, when the earth film is full, Unload the mulch into bags or bundles. The structure of the packing or bundling mechanism is as follows: in the space inside the collection box 31, a surrounding channel is formed by the support columns 36 arranged around the inner side of the box wall. Passage is the groove shape that side is open and is provided with packing belt 37 and wears the entrance and exit, and packing belt wears entrance and wears the outlet and merges at the edge place of box body, and confluence mouth is provided with packing belt sealer 38.

During work, the packing belt 37 is penetrated, and when the mulch in the box is full, the support column is passed out as a whole, then the reel 39 can be tightened to make the packing belt 37 tight, and the sealing device 38 will seal the packing belt 37 at the confluence. Snap it on or stick it on.

The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred implementations should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made and should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A joint operation machine for soil preparation and residual film recovery and packaging, including a leveling mechanism (21) and a nail-toothed rake group (62), characterized in that a plastic film picking mechanism is provided behind the nail-toothed rake group (62), and the plastic film picking mechanism It is a chain rake-type pick-up mechanism, which includes a frame and a chain rake mechanism composed of a drive chain A (42) and a pick-up tooth bar (41) densely distributed on the drive chain A (42). The upper end of the chain rake mechanism is hinged on the machine. The profiling mechanism is mounted on the frame and swings with the hinge point as the axis to form a suspension. A guide plate A (44) is provided on the surface of the pick-up rack formed at the lower part of the chain rake mechanism. The guide plate A (44) is a plate Shaped body or fence-shaped body, the lower end of the guide plate A (44) is the pick-up end, the upper end is the discharge end, and the discharge end is followed by a separation film collection mechanism and a collection box (31); The separation and film collection mechanism is an air-suction screening mechanism, which includes a horizontal conveying mechanism (46) and a negative pressure fan (56), and the negative pressure fan (56) is provided with a negative pressure nozzle (57 ) and the positive pressure outlet, the negative pressure nozzle (57) is located on the conveying surface of the transverse conveying mechanism (46) and the positive pressure outlet enters the collection box (31). 2. The land preparation residual film recycling and packaging combined operation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An unloading mechanism is set in the collection box (31) to unload the collected plastic film. The unloading mechanism is preferably a conveyor belt. 3. The land preparation residual film recycling and packaging combined operation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unloading mechanism is a conveyor belt. 4. The land preparation residual film recovery and packaging combined operation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surface of the conveyor belt (33) is provided with transverse convex strips (34), and the two ends of the conveyor belt (33) A discharge door (35) is arranged on the side plate of the collecting box. 5. The land preparation residual film recovery and packaging combined operation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: a packaging or bundling mechanism is provided in the collection box (31). 6. The land preparation residual film recovery and packaging combined operation machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the structure of the packaging or bundling mechanism is as follows: at least one surrounding channel is provided in the space inside the collection box (31) , the channel is in the shape of a groove with open sides and is provided with a packing belt piercing entrance and a piercing exit, and the packing tape piercing entrance and piercing exit converge at the edge of the box body, and a packing tape head mechanism is provided at the confluence. 7. The land preparation residual film recovery and packaging combined operation machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: a suppressor (61) is provided at the rear of the machine frame.