CN104967220A - Transformer substation monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

Through the division of each control layer of the substation monitoring system, the functions of each layer are clarified. The local control layer collects and processes data locally, monitors abnormalities, and adopts corresponding sending methods according to relevant information types. At the same time, it adopts communication The device communicates between the on-site control layer and the station control layer, and sends the data of the on-site control layer to the station control layer for analysis, processing and display, so as to realize rapid on-site emergency fault handling and remote monitoring and analysis , and make further decisions to provide a guarantee for the normal operation of the substation.

Description

A substation monitoring system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of a power grid system, in particular to a substation monitoring system.

Background technique

The development of substation automation technology and the wide application of microcomputer protection have greatly improved the automation level and management level of the power grid, but the requirements of the substation automation system for the functions of the background master station are also increasing, and the shortcomings of the centralized system are becoming more and more obvious. exposed. A centralized system concentrates many functions such as database, data processing, and man-machine conversation on one host, which easily causes computer overload and requires a more powerful machine. The improvement of computer hardware functions is accompanied by a sharp increase in price. This demand will lead to a high cost of the entire monitoring system. At the same time, a variety of functional modules are installed in one host, and the modules are tightly coupled and interact with each other, making it difficult to expand the system functions again. As the number of access devices increases, the amount of information increases accordingly, and it is difficult for centralized systems to meet the requirements of continuous expansion of capacity.

Contents of the invention

Based on the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a substation monitoring system, which adopts a layered structure and is divided into a station-level control layer and an on-site control layer.

The station-level control layer is the center of equipment monitoring, control, and management. Through optical fiber transmission, it receives information such as on-off, analog, and electrical quantities collected on site, and issues control commands to the site. Remote data communication.

The station-level control layer includes dual-fiber Ethernet, two monitoring hosts, human-machine workstations, telecontrol data processing and communication devices for communication with the dispatching center, GPS time synchronization and clock synchronization system, and the two monitoring hosts work simultaneously in active and standby mode . The data sent from the acquisition device is received by the two hosts at the same time and processed by the same software; the output commands sent by the operator are received and executed by the two hosts at the same time, but only the host can issue control output commands. The telecontrol data processing and communication device has the function of automatically switching the main and standby channels. The GPS time synchronization device includes antennas, feeders, and communication cables required for time synchronization. GPS receives the satellite standard time signal, and synchronizes the time with the station-level control layer equipment of the monitoring system. The monitoring system should be able to shield wrong GPS signals, detect and alarm GPS faults, and send alarm information to the computer monitoring system autonomously when the satellite is out of sync.

The GPS time synchronization device synchronizes the time of the remote communication workstation and the intelligent interface device through serial communication, and uses the second pulse output to synchronize the clock of the measurement and control unit.

The local control layer is composed of the measurement and control unit I/O device and the local control main unit. The communication between the measurement and control unit and the local control main unit adopts the optical fiber star network, and the data between the local control main units are mutually backup.

Each circuit breaker unit in the local control layer corresponds to a measurement and control unit, and one main transformer is equipped with three measurement and control units, which mainly complete the measurement, control, and monitoring of the status of each equipment in the substation, upload the operating status of the equipment, and accept the background monitoring system, scheduling The command issued by the terminal and the inspection center has the function of synchronous closing of the circuit breaker, and the associated locking involving the switch and the knife switch must be completed at the local control layer.

The measurement and control unit shall provide manual operation in case of outage of station control layer equipment or other emergency situations, and be able to switch between computer operations under normal conditions.

The local control layer collects various real-time information, monitors and controls the operation of the primary equipment, automatically coordinates the local operation and the operation requirements of the substation layer, and ensures the safe operation of the equipment. In case of failure, the monitoring and control functions of the local control layer can still be independently completed.

The control unit of the monitoring system is composed of six modules, namely the main control board, the switch value output and input board, the analog quantity acquisition board, the device motherboard, the liquid crystal display output module and the keyboard input module. The whole device adopts a plug-in structure. One module corresponds to one plug-in board, and at the same time, the strong and weak electrical signal circuits are separated in physical structure, which is beneficial to the improvement of the anti-interference performance of the device. The analog acquisition board realizes the conversion of the current on the secondary side of the current transformer on the primary system and the voltage on the secondary side of the voltage transformer so that they are within the AD sampling range. In addition, the AD chip can only sample voltage. The current quantity must be converted into a voltage quantity on the analog quantity acquisition board. The switch value input and output board realizes the isolation of the switch value through the internal photoelectric isolation device and relay components. Both the liquid crystal display module and the keyboard input module belong to the man-machine interface components, one as the output part of the man-machine interface, and the other as the input part of the man-machine interface.

The main control board of the device is the core of the whole device, controlling the operation of the whole system, mainly including: analog filter circuit, analog multiplexer, AD conversion device, program memory, data memory, communication interface device, microprocessor, etc.

The monitoring system is configured as a distributed open system. The data flow of the system is collected through the I/O unit, centralized through the local control unit, and transmitted to the host computer and telecontrol data processing and communication unit (CCU) through the station-level network. The communication medium Both use dual fiber optics.

At the same time, the system adopts a layered and distributed structure, which integrates the characteristics of conventional control instrument screen, relay protection device screen, simulation screen, transmitter screen, telecontrol device screen, central signal system and protection, and full computerization of control. Automatic functions such as measurement, control, self-inspection, protection information self-transmission, energy measurement acquisition, voltage and reactive power control (VQC), intelligent DC monitoring, intelligent fire alarm device monitoring, electrical five-proof locking, remote transmission, etc. are provided.

The monitoring system has the functions of real-time data acquisition, graphic display, anti-misoperation locking and control operation.

The data acquisition system collects analog quantities (voltage, current, active and reactive power, temperature, pressure, flow, etc.), state quantities (switches, knife switches, accident general signals, transformer tap positions, protection actions and other protection signals), digital quantities (frequency, electric energy, etc.), pulse volume, etc.

The analog input adopts the AC sampling method, and there is a transmitter input interface (the analog input module with DC input can also be used). The sampled voltage transformer voltage value and current transformer current value enter the I/0 unit after being electrically isolated. The preprocessing of the sampling data by the I/0 unit includes: loop disconnection detection, anti-jamming, digital filtering, error compensation, rationality judgment, scale conversion and gradient calculation, etc. Calculate real-time data such as active power, reactive power, power factor and energy quantity based on the sampled voltage and current values.

The acquisition of digital quantity adopts the fast scanning method. The position signal of circuit breaker and isolating knife switch, relay protection action signal, accident/fault signal, position signal of manual/automatic mode selection and electric degree pulse quantity are all used as digital input. The digital quantity enters the I/O unit after photoelectric isolation, and then enters the database through anti-contact jitter processing, hardware and software filtering, reference time compensation, and validity discrimination.

Graphic display function, which can display electrical wiring diagram, electrical layout geographical location diagram, overall system structure diagram, variable curve, power flow diagram, event list, random event control panel, report, waveform, analysis diagram, information window, three-dimensional bar diagram, etc. . It has functions such as bus color change, real-time curve, voltage bar graph, active power distribution analysis, power flow dynamic display, alarm device flashing, alarm confirmation color change, graphic element condition color change, online help, etc.

The anti-misoperation locking of each electrical unit is completed by the local level measurement and control unit, the anti-misoperation locking of the same voltage level is completed by the main unit that communicates with each other, and the interlocking in the station is completed by the station-level control layer.

Control operation functions include remote scheduling control, keyboard operation in the substation control room and one-to-one operation of the corresponding electrical unit on the I/O unit in the substation relay protection room. The priority of control is the one-to-one operation in the relay protection room of the substation, the keyboard operation in the control room of the substation, and the remote dispatching control. In order to prevent misoperation, various control methods need to meet electrical interlocking conditions, command output includes: single contact command, double contact command, pulse command, continuous command and group command.

From the point of view of the information transmission requirements of the system in the substation monitoring system, the types of information transmission are divided into:

(1) Real-time information: measure and calculate various analog and digital quantities in the system, including voltage, current, power, electric degree, etc. Such information requires real-time monitoring by the system to reflect the operating status of the system.

(2) Fault information: When the system fails, the reflected fault type and the corresponding fault action value, such information needs to be transmitted at the first time to ensure that the system can quickly deal with the accident and reduce the loss after the fault occurs.

(3) Status information: information that reflects the status of field devices, such as switching values, etc. This type of information only needs to be transmitted when the status of the information changes.

(4) Control and parameter information: information required for equipment operation in the system, such as relay action signals, setting value information, etc., such information is transmitted during human operation.

Through the division of each control layer of the substation monitoring system, the functions of each layer are clarified. The local control layer collects and processes data locally, monitors abnormalities, and adopts corresponding sending methods according to relevant information types. At the same time, it adopts communication The device communicates between the on-site control layer and the station control layer, and sends the data of the on-site control layer to the station control layer for analysis, processing and display, so as to realize rapid on-site emergency fault handling and remote monitoring and analysis , and make further decisions to provide a guarantee for the normal operation of the substation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural frame diagram of the substation monitoring system of the present invention.

detailed description

As shown in Figure 1, a substation monitoring system adopts a layered structure and is divided into a station-level control layer and an on-site control layer.

The station-level control layer is the center of equipment monitoring, control, and management. Through optical fiber transmission, it receives information such as on-off, analog, and electrical quantities collected on site, and issues control commands to the site. Remote data communication.

The station-level control layer includes dual-fiber Ethernet, two monitoring hosts, human-machine workstations, telecontrol data processing and communication devices for communication with the dispatching center, GPS time synchronization and clock synchronization system, and the two monitoring hosts work simultaneously in active and standby mode . The data sent from the acquisition device is received by the two hosts at the same time and processed by the same software; the output commands sent by the operator are received and executed by the two hosts at the same time, but only the host can issue control output commands. The telecontrol data processing and communication device has the function of automatically switching the main and standby channels. The GPS time synchronization device includes antennas, feeders, and communication cables required for time synchronization. GPS receives the satellite standard time signal, and synchronizes the time with the station-level control layer equipment of the monitoring system. The monitoring system should be able to shield wrong GPS signals, detect and alarm GPS faults, and send alarm information to the computer monitoring system autonomously when the satellite is out of sync.

The GPS time synchronization device synchronizes the time of the remote communication workstation and the intelligent interface device through serial communication, and uses the second pulse output to synchronize the clock of the measurement and control unit.

The local control layer is composed of the measurement and control unit I/O device and the local control main unit. The communication between the measurement and control unit and the local control main unit adopts the optical fiber star network, and the data between the local control main units are mutually backup.

Each circuit breaker unit in the local control layer corresponds to a measurement and control unit, and one main transformer is equipped with three measurement and control units, which mainly complete the measurement, control, and monitoring of the status of each equipment in the substation, upload the operating status of the equipment, and accept the background monitoring system, scheduling The command issued by the terminal and the inspection center has the function of synchronous closing of the circuit breaker, and the associated locking involving the switch and the knife switch must be completed at the local control layer.

The measurement and control unit shall provide manual operation in case of outage of station control layer equipment or other emergency situations, and be able to switch between computer operations under normal conditions.

The local control layer collects various real-time information, monitors and controls the operation of the primary equipment, automatically coordinates the local operation and the operation requirements of the substation layer, and ensures the safe operation of the equipment. In case of failure, the monitoring and control functions of the local control layer can still be independently completed.

The control unit of the monitoring system is composed of six modules, namely the main control board, the switch value output and input board, the analog quantity acquisition board, the device motherboard, the liquid crystal display output module and the keyboard input module. The whole device adopts a plug-in structure. One module corresponds to one plug-in board, and at the same time, the strong and weak electrical signal circuits are separated in physical structure, which is beneficial to the improvement of the anti-interference performance of the device. The analog acquisition board realizes the conversion of the current on the secondary side of the current transformer on the primary system and the voltage on the secondary side of the voltage transformer so that they are within the AD sampling range. In addition, the AD chip can only sample voltage. The current quantity must be converted into a voltage quantity on the analog quantity acquisition board. The switch value input and output board realizes the isolation of the switch value through the internal photoelectric isolation device and relay components. Both the liquid crystal display module and the keyboard input module belong to the man-machine interface components, one as the output part of the man-machine interface, and the other as the input part of the man-machine interface.

The main control board of the device is the core of the whole device, controlling the operation of the whole system, mainly including: analog filter circuit, analog multiplexer, AD conversion device, program memory, data memory, communication interface device, microprocessor, etc.

The monitoring system is configured as a distributed open system. The data flow of the system is collected through the I/O unit, centralized through the local control unit, and transmitted to the host computer and telecontrol data processing and communication unit (CCU) through the station-level network. The communication medium Both use dual fiber optics.

At the same time, the system adopts a layered and distributed structure, which integrates the characteristics of conventional control instrument screen, relay protection device screen, simulation screen, transmitter screen, telecontrol device screen, central signal system and protection, and full computerization of control. Automatic functions such as measurement, control, self-inspection, protection information self-transmission, energy measurement acquisition, voltage and reactive power control (VQC), intelligent DC monitoring, intelligent fire alarm device monitoring, electrical five-proof locking, remote transmission, etc. are provided.

The monitoring system has the functions of real-time data acquisition, graphic display, anti-misoperation locking and control operation.

The data acquisition system collects analog quantities (voltage, current, active and reactive power, temperature, pressure, flow, etc.), state quantities (switches, knife switches, accident general signals, transformer tap positions, protection actions and other protection signals), digital quantities (frequency, electric energy, etc.), pulse volume, etc.

The analog input adopts the AC sampling method, and there is a transmitter input interface (the analog input module with DC input can also be used). The sampled voltage transformer voltage value and current transformer current value enter the I/0 unit after being electrically isolated. The preprocessing of the sampling data by the I/0 unit includes: loop disconnection detection, anti-jamming, digital filtering, error compensation, rationality judgment, scale conversion and gradient calculation, etc. Calculate real-time data such as active power, reactive power, power factor and energy quantity based on the sampled voltage and current values.

The acquisition of digital quantity adopts the fast scanning method. The position signal of circuit breaker and isolating knife switch, relay protection action signal, accident/fault signal, position signal of manual/automatic mode selection and electric degree pulse quantity are all used as digital input. The digital quantity enters the I/O unit after photoelectric isolation, and then enters the database through anti-contact jitter processing, hardware and software filtering, reference time compensation, and validity discrimination.

Graphic display function, which can display electrical wiring diagram, electrical layout geographical location diagram, overall system structure diagram, variable curve, power flow diagram, event list, random event control panel, report, waveform, analysis diagram, information window, three-dimensional bar diagram, etc. . It has functions such as bus color change, real-time curve, voltage bar graph, active power distribution analysis, power flow dynamic display, alarm device flashing, alarm confirmation color change, graphic element condition color change, online help, etc.

The anti-misoperation locking of each electrical unit is completed by the local level measurement and control unit, the anti-misoperation locking of the same voltage level is completed by the main unit that communicates with each other, and the interlocking in the station is completed by the station-level control layer.

Control operation functions include remote scheduling control, keyboard operation in the substation control room and one-to-one operation of the corresponding electrical unit on the I/O unit in the substation relay protection room. The priority of control is the one-to-one operation in the relay protection room of the substation, the keyboard operation in the control room of the substation, and the remote dispatching control. In order to prevent misoperation, various control methods need to meet electrical interlocking conditions, command output includes: single contact command, double contact command, pulse command, continuous command and group command.

From the point of view of the information transmission requirements of the system in the substation monitoring system, the types of information transmission are divided into:

(1) Real-time information: measure and calculate various analog and digital quantities in the system, including voltage, current, power, electric degree, etc. Such information requires real-time monitoring by the system to reflect the operating status of the system. (2) Fault information: When the system fails, the reflected fault type and the corresponding fault action value, such information needs to be transmitted at the first time to ensure that the system can quickly deal with the accident and reduce the loss after the fault occurs. (3) Status information: information that reflects the status of field devices, such as switching values, etc. This type of information only needs to be transmitted when the status of the information changes. (4) Control and parameter information: information required for equipment operation in the system, such as relay action signals, setting value information, etc., such information is transmitted during human operation.

Through the division of each control layer of the substation monitoring system, the functions of each layer are clarified. The local control layer collects and processes data locally, monitors abnormalities, and adopts corresponding sending methods according to relevant information types. At the same time, it adopts communication The device communicates between the on-site control layer and the station control layer, and sends the data of the on-site control layer to the station control layer for analysis, processing and display, so as to realize rapid on-site emergency fault handling and remote monitoring and analysis , and make further decisions to provide a guarantee for the normal operation of the substation.

The above description is only the preference of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (6)

1. A substation monitoring system, characterized in that, the substation monitoring system is divided into a station-level control layer and an on-site control layer. 2. The substation monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the station-level control layer includes dual-fiber Ethernet, two monitoring hosts, man-machine workstations, telecontrol data processing and communication devices for communication with the dispatching center, and GPS Time synchronization and clock synchronization system, two monitoring hosts work in active and standby mode at the same time, telecontrol data processing and communication device has automatic switching function of active and standby channels, GPS time synchronization device, including antenna, feeder, and communication required for time synchronization cable. 3. The substation monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the local control layer is composed of a measurement and control unit I/O device and a local control main unit, and the communication between the measurement and control unit and the local control main unit adopts an optical fiber star network , and the data between the local control main units are mutually backup, the measurement and control unit provides manual operation in case of equipment outage or other emergency situations at the station control layer, and can switch between computer operations under normal conditions, and the local control layer collects all Real-time information, monitor and control the operation of primary equipment, automatically coordinate local operation and substation layer operation requirements, and have local/remote switching switch, in the case of station control layer and network failure, still can independently complete the local operation The monitoring and control functions of the control layer. 4. substation monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, substation monitoring system also comprises control unit, and control unit is made up of six modules, is divided into main control board, switching value output input board, analog quantity acquisition board, The device motherboard, liquid crystal display output module and keyboard input module adopt a plug-in structure, each module corresponds to a plug-in board, and at the same time separate the strong and weak electrical signal loops in the physical structure, and the analog acquisition board realizes the current monitoring of the primary system. Transform the current on the secondary side of the transformer and the voltage on the secondary side of the voltage transformer to make it within the AD sampling range, and convert the current into a voltage. The switch input and output board passes through the internal photoelectric isolation device and relay The components realize the isolation of the switching value. The liquid crystal display module and the keyboard input module are respectively used as the output part of the man-machine interface and the input part of the man-machine interface. The main control board includes: analog filter circuit, analog multiplexer, AD conversion device , program memory, data memory, communication interface devices and microprocessors. 5. substation monitoring system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, monitoring system has real-time data acquisition function, graphic display function, anti-error blocking function and control operation function, The data acquisition system collects analog quantities, state quantities, digital quantities and pulse quantities, The analog input adopts the AC sampling method, and there is a transmitter input interface. The sampled voltage transformer voltage value and current transformer current value enter the I/0 unit after being electrically isolated, and the I/0 unit pre-sets the sampling data. Processing includes: loop disconnection detection, anti-interference, digital filtering, error compensation, rationality judgment, scale conversion and gradient calculation, and real-time calculation of active power, reactive power, power factor and energy measurement based on sampled voltage and current values data, The acquisition of digital quantities includes position signals of circuit breakers and isolating knife switches, relay protection action signals, accident/fault signals, position signals selected by manual/automatic mode, and electric degree pulses. The digital quantities enter I/O after photoelectric isolation. The unit is entered into the database through anti-contact jitter processing, hardware and software filtering, reference time compensation and validity judgment. Graphic display function, display electrical wiring diagram, electrical layout geographical location diagram, overall system structure diagram, variable curve, power flow diagram, event list, random event control panel, report, waveform, analysis diagram, information window, three-dimensional bar diagram, with Bus color change, real-time curve, voltage bar graph, active power distribution analysis, power flow dynamic display, alarm device flashing, alarm confirmation color change, graphic element condition color change, online help function, The anti-misoperation locking of each electrical unit is completed by the measurement and control unit, the anti-misoperation locking of the same voltage level is completed by the main unit that communicates with each other, and the interlocking in the station is completed by the station-level control layer. Control operation functions include remote scheduling control, keyboard operation in the substation control room, and one-to-one operation of the corresponding electrical unit on the I/O unit of the substation relay protection room. The priority of control is the one-to-one operation of the substation relay protection room , keyboard operation in substation control room, and remote dispatching control. 6. substation monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the transmission kind of information in the substation monitoring system is divided into: (1) Real-time information: measure and calculate various analog and digital quantities in the system, including voltage, current, power, and electric degree. The system requires real-time monitoring to reflect the operating status of the system. (2) Fault information: When a fault occurs in the system, the reflected fault type and corresponding fault action value, the information needs to be transmitted as soon as possible, (3) Status information: information reflecting the status of field equipment, which needs to be transmitted when the status of the information changes,... (4) Control and parameter information: The information required for equipment operation in the system, including relay action signals and setting value information, is transmitted during human operation.