CN104944732A - 一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置系统及工艺 - Google Patents
一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置系统及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104944732A CN104944732A CN201510363407.5A CN201510363407A CN104944732A CN 104944732 A CN104944732 A CN 104944732A CN 201510363407 A CN201510363407 A CN 201510363407A CN 104944732 A CN104944732 A CN 104944732A
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title abstract 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
Abstract
本发明涉及一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置系统及工艺，该工艺主要由污泥连续热水解厌氧消化段，污泥脱水热干化段以及干泥、生活垃圾及沼气混合焚烧段组成。本发明利用三种固体废弃物的各自特点，将高温污泥厌氧消化技术与餐厨垃圾高有机质特点相结合，运用混合沼气的固体废弃物高温焚烧技术，再通过合理的能源整合手段，运用先进的高温连续热水解预处理技术，彻底实现餐厨垃圾、市政污泥以及生活垃圾无害化处理。不仅如此，还能够实现三种固体废弃物资源化利用，提高整体系统的能源利用效率，有效减少外部能源输入，降低运行成本。本发明实现固体废弃物处理的连续运行，工艺简单可靠，设备简单，初投资少，具有良好的环境和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于有机固体废弃物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种污泥、餐厨垃圾等固体废弃物，利用其高温厌氧发酵产沼气以及与生活垃圾等固体废弃物混合焚烧产生的有机质能、热能等进行污泥前期连续热水解预处理、循环换热、污泥干化等节能组合工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 随着经济发展、人口增长和城市化进程的加快，生活垃圾、市政污泥、餐厨垃圾等固体废弃物的产量也越来越大，但是我国处理固体废弃物的技术和装备却普遍落后，固体废弃物的安全处理处置的保障率很低，成为目前我国面临的一个亟待解决的问题。另一方面，近年来由于我国大力推进城镇化建设，出现了许多中小城镇，建设了大量的小型水厂。而这些中小城镇产生的餐厨垃圾、活垃圾以及市政污泥等固体废弃物采用传统的处理技术难以实现彻底无害化，往往采用外运的方式运至专门的处理企业处理，运输成本高，且沿途可能会带来不可控的风险。
[0003] 在这三种固体废弃物中，市政污泥处理工艺中好氧消化工艺能耗大、效率低，目前采用较少。厌氧消化工艺将污泥中的大量有机物质经过厌氧消化作用，能够减少污泥体积，破坏病原微生物，提高污泥稳定性同时提高沼气产量，回收生物质能。目前限制厌氧消化工艺的主要问题在于污泥水解效率，因为污泥中大部分有机物质被包裹在细胞内，细胞壁对酶解耐受性高，活体细胞在细胞壁的保护下难以参与水解反应，限制了厌氧消化速率。另一方面，中国目前的市政污泥特点是有机质含量少，产气率低。因此，传统污泥厌氧消化工艺采用加长停留时间(30天)来提高污泥的厌氧消化性能。目前污泥热处理技术能够实现较高的细胞破碎率，提高有机物溶解率，近年来得到广泛研宄和工程实践。例如热水解预处理的Cambi工艺，系统在179°C饱和蒸汽压下对污泥进行热水解，30分钟内有机物溶出率提高约30%，产沼气量相应增加150%，同时也减少了干泥重量。但是目前公开的各类热水解预处理工艺，不管是学术论文还是公开的专利，其加热过程均需要消耗大量蒸汽，热水解后的高温污泥又需要通过换热系统冷却才能进行厌氧消化，造成大量热能白白损失，能耗费用极高。不仅如此，热水解工艺常用序批式工艺，难以实现设备运行的的连续性，使得设备制造复杂，控制难度大，工艺运行故障率高，安全隐患多。
[0004] 不经如此，厌氧消化后的污泥脱水后也需要进行干化处理，其原理是利用热源对污泥进行深度脱水，使污泥体积可以减少4-5倍。常规的污泥干燥机使用电热或燃煤、燃油锅炉产生蒸汽等高品位能源，消耗大量能源，运行成本高，不符合国家所提倡的节能减排政策。不仅如此，干化后的干泥量依旧很大，不管是去填埋还是用作其他用途，目前难以妥善处理。
[0005] 城镇固体废弃物中餐厨垃圾和生活垃圾无害化处理一直是城市固体废弃物中一大难题，尽管餐厨垃圾可以用于产油脂，进行生物质柴油开发，但是小规模处理成本较高，难以在中小城镇使用。虽然垃圾焚烧在国外是一种成熟的技术，但是需要提高焚烧温度解决二噁英的问题，能耗成本较高。
[0006] 尽管以上三种固体废弃物传统处理工艺各不相同，但是三者之间具有互补性，例如餐厨垃圾的有机质含量高，市政污泥适合厌氧消化，生活垃圾高温焚烧能够产生大量热能等。因此，如何利用绿色能源理念，针对中小城镇规模的固体废弃物，合理开发设计一种工艺，在将三种固体废弃物无害化的同时，不仅能够合理利用工艺中各类能源，有效降低运行成本，而且能够实现固体废弃物的资源化，提高工艺的可行性和经济性。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的是提供一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置系统及工艺，本发明用以实现污泥和餐厨垃圾的混合连续性热水解预处理工艺，解决污泥有机质低造成的厌氧产气率低、餐厨垃圾难处理的问题，同时通过沼气、生活垃圾及干泥混合焚烧工艺，实现固体废弃物难以彻底无害化处理难题。同时通过本工艺，对热热水解热能、焚烧热能进行高效回用，进一步节约能耗，降低生产及运行成本。
[0008] 本发明通过如下技术方案解决上述技术问题:
本发明提出的一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置工艺，具体步骤如下:
(1)将餐厨垃圾输送至破碎机I中，将粉碎后的餐厨垃圾与含水率为80%的市政污泥混合；
(2)将步骤(I)得到的混合污泥在送入热水解罐2前通入高温高压蒸汽，使混合污泥加热到高温高压状态；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的高温高压混合污泥连续定量地从热水解罐2底部送入热水解罐2内，通过搅拌器搅拌混匀，搅拌混匀的高温高压污泥缓慢地从热水解罐内2罐底上升至热水解罐内罐顶，最后从热水解罐顶开口管道排出，整个过程中混合污泥在热水解罐内停留时间为30 ~ 60分钟；
(4)步骤(3)得到的高温高压污泥从热水解罐2排出后进入换热器3中，被循环冷却水冷却至低温55 ~ 60度，降温后的混合污泥进入高温厌氧消化池4中停留20天，进行厌氧产沼气，同时产生厌氧消化污泥；
(5)干泥与生活垃圾输送至流化床焚烧锅炉7中进行高温焚烧，同时将步骤(4)中厌氧消化池4产生的沼气输送至流化床焚烧锅炉7中助燃；
(6)流化床焚烧锅炉7产生的蒸汽输送至热水解罐2中加热混合污泥，流化床焚烧锅炉7产生的高温尾气经处理后用于脱水污泥干化；
(7)步骤(4)中厌氧消化池4排出的消化污泥加入絮凝剂后，经过脱水设备5，将污泥含水率降至60%，该污泥进入干化设备6中，利用换热器3得到的高温循环水通过循环水泵8循环，以及流化床焚烧锅炉的高温尾气对污泥进行热干化，得到含水率在30 ~ 40%的干泥。
[0009] 本发明提出的有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置工艺采用的系统，其特征在于包括污泥连续性热水解高温厌氧消化系统、余热利用热干化污泥系统和混合沼气的固体废弃物流化床高温焚烧锅炉系统，其中:
所述泥连续性热水解高温厌氧消化系统包含破碎机1，带搅拌机的热水解罐2，换热器3和厌氧消化池4，所述破碎机I的输出端通过管道连接热水解罐2底部，热水解罐2的输出端连接换热器3，换热器3的输出端连接厌氧消化池4 ;余热利用热干化污泥系统包括脱水设备5，干化设备6和循环水泵8，所述厌氧消化池4的厌氧消化污泥出口连接脱水设备5，脱水设备5的脱水污泥出口连接干化设备6 ;混合沼气的固体废弃物流化床高温焚烧锅炉系统包含流化床焚烧锅炉7，所述干化设备6的干泥出口连接流化床焚烧锅炉7，流化床焚烧锅炉7的高温烟气出口连接干化设备6。
[0010] 本发明提出的一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置工艺，与现有广泛使用的污泥处理处置工艺相比，其特点及优势在于:
(I)针对传统厌氧消化技术的不足，在高温高压条件下对市政污泥进行水解破坏，提高有机物溶出率，有效改善污泥的厌氧可生化性，从根本上提高污泥厌氧消化的效率，缩短产气高峰以及污泥停留时间，从而缩短运行周期，降低运行成本。
[0011] (2)利用餐厨垃圾有机物含量高的特点，将餐厨垃圾与市政污泥混合进行厌氧消化，解决我国市政污泥有机质含量低的特点，大幅度提高厌氧系统处理能力，使甲烷产气量成倍增加，同时利用污泥厌氧消化池有效处理餐厨垃圾，大幅降低餐厨垃圾处理成本，餐厨垃圾成为有益的生物质能源。
[0012] (3)采用热水解罐和换热器配合，将热水解污泥余热回收，用于厌氧污泥脱水后的干化，实现热能的综合利用，降低工艺能耗，提高能源利用效率，符合绿色、节能、环保的要求。同时实现热水解工艺中没有二次蒸汽产生，实现热水解工艺的连续运行，降低设备加工成本，提尚系统效率和运彳丁稳定性。
[0013] (4)将厌氧消化的沼气通入生活垃圾、干泥的流化床焚烧锅炉中，提高焚烧温度，可以避免二噁英的产生，彻底实现固体废弃物减量化和无害化。焚烧加热产生的蒸汽又可以用于热水解工艺用蒸汽，高温烟气用于脱水污泥干化，实现系统能量的完全利用，进一步节约能源，具有良好的环境和经济效益。
[0014] (5)本工艺能够实现三种固体废弃物的无害化处理的同时，可以获得沼气、蒸汽以及稳定化无害化的干泥等可利用的产物，实现变害为宝和节能环保的总体目标。
附图说明
[0015] 图1是本发明工艺流程图。
[0016] 图中标号:1、破碎机，2、带搅拌器的热水解罐，3、换热器，4、高温厌氧消化池，5、污泥脱水机，6、污泥干化设备，7、流化床混合焚烧锅炉，8、循环水泵。
[0017]
具体实施方式
[0018] 以下结合附图1对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
[0019] 具体实施例1:
城市收集的餐厨垃圾输送至破碎机I中进行破碎后与城市污水处理厂含水率为80%的市政污泥经过螺杆泵输送，在管道内混合。在进入热水解罐2之前，高温高压蒸汽持续通入混合污泥中，蒸汽将热能传递给混合污泥，自身冷却与污泥混合，混合后的污泥被蒸汽加热至尚温尚压状态，含水率提尚，粘性降低，流动性得到提尚。尚温尚压的混合污泥从热水解罐2底部进入，被热水解罐3中配备的搅拌机混合均匀，并慢慢从底部上升至顶部出口。高温高压的污泥在热水解罐3内的停留时间超过30分钟，进行水解反应。经过水解反应的热水解污泥从顶部出口流出，进入换热器3中，被循环冷却水冷却至60度和I个大气压左右，再进入厌氧消化池4进行厌氧产沼气消化。从餐厨垃圾与污泥混合到热水解污泥进入厌氧消化池7进行厌氧消化，中间无传统热水解工艺的闪蒸过程，实现整个污泥热水解预处理工艺的连续性运行。
[0020] 热水解污泥在厌氧消化池4中停留时间为20天左右，厌氧消化后的污泥从厌氧消化池4中持续排出，加入絮凝剂后在脱水机5中脱水至含水率60%左右的脱水污泥，脱泥产生的污水进入污水厂处理。脱水污泥进入干化设备6中。干化设备利用换热器3冷却热水解污泥得到的循环热水通过泵8循环换热，将其作为热干化所需的一部分热源，将污泥干化脱水至含水率30%左右的干泥。得到的干泥可以用于栽培土，也可以填埋，将处理后剩下的干泥用于焚烧，具体数量视实际情况而定。
[0021 ] 含水率30%左右的干泥与生活垃圾混合进入流化床混合焚烧锅炉7中进行焚烧，同时在流化床焚烧锅炉7中通入厌氧消化池产生的部分沼气进行助燃，提高燃烧温度，将干泥和生活垃圾彻底减量化和无害化处理，同时避免二恶英的产生。焚烧锅炉7产生的蒸汽用于热水解段的蒸汽加热，高温尾气处理后用于脱水污泥的热干化。
[0022] 厌氧消化池4产生的一部分沼气用于焚烧锅炉7中，剩余的部分可以提纯后民用，提高资源使用效率。
Claims (2)
1.一种有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置工艺，其特征在于具体步骤如下: (1)将餐厨垃圾输送至破碎机(I)中，将粉碎后的餐厨垃圾与含水率为80%的市政污泥混合； (2)将步骤(I)得到的混合污泥在送入热水解罐(2)前通入高温高压蒸汽，使混合污泥加热到高温高压状态； (3)将步骤(2)得到的高温高压混合污泥连续定量地从热水解罐(2)底部送入热水解罐(2)内，通过搅拌器搅拌混匀，搅拌混匀的高温高压污泥缓慢地从热水解罐内(2)罐底上升至热水解罐内罐顶，最后从热水解罐顶开口管道排出，整个过程中混合污泥在热水解罐内停留时间为30 ~ 60分钟； (4)步骤(3)得到的高温高压污泥从热水解罐(2)排出后进入换热器(3)中，被循环冷却水冷却至低温55 ~ 60度，降温后的混合污泥进入高温厌氧消化池(4)中停留20天，进行厌氧产沼气，同时产生厌氧消化污泥； (5)干泥与生活垃圾输送至流化床焚烧锅炉(7)中进行高温焚烧，同时将步骤((4))中厌氧消化池(4)产生的沼气输送至流化床焚烧锅炉(7)中助燃； (6)流化床焚烧锅炉(7)产生的蒸汽输送至热水解罐(2)中加热混合污泥，流化床焚烧锅炉(7)产生的高温尾气经处理后用于脱水污泥干化； (7)步骤(4)中厌氧消化池⑷排出的消化污泥加入絮凝剂后，经过脱水设备(5)，将污泥含水率降至60%，该污泥进入干化设备(6)中，利用换热器(3)得到的高温循环水通过循环水泵(8)循环，以及流化床焚烧锅炉的高温尾气对污泥进行热干化，得到含水率在30~ 40%的干泥。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的有机固体废弃物的节能资源化处理处置工艺采用的系统，其特征在于包括污泥连续性热水解高温厌氧消化系统、余热利用热干化污泥系统和混合沼气的固体废弃物流化床高温焚烧锅炉系统，其中: 所述污泥连续性热水解高温厌氧消化系统包含破碎机(I)，带搅拌机的热水解罐(2)，换热器(3)和厌氧消化池(4)，所述破碎机(I)的输出端通过管道连接热水解罐(2)底部，热水解罐(2)的输出端连接换热器(3)，换热器(3)的输出端连接厌氧消化池(4);余热利用热干化污泥系统包括脱水设备(5)，干化设备(6)和循环水泵(8)，所述厌氧消化池(4)的厌氧消化污泥出口连接脱水设备(5)，脱水设备(5)的脱水污泥出口连接干化设备(6);混合沼气的固体废弃物流化床高温焚烧锅炉系统包含流化床焚烧锅炉(7)，所述干化设备(6)的干泥出口连接流化床焚烧锅炉(7)，流化床焚烧锅炉(7)的高温烟气出口连接干化设备(6)。
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| CN106734100A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 徐州方博环保设备有限公司 | 一种动物无害化处理设备 |
| CN108129005A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-08 | 同济大学 | 利用水热处理高浓度有机废水放热进行污泥干化的系统 |
| CN108129005B (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-08-18 | 同济大学 | 利用水热处理高浓度有机废水放热进行污泥干化的系统 |
| CN110511072A (zh) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 湖南军信环保股份有限公司 | 一种利用有机废物制备营养土的方法 |
| CN108704922A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-26 | 海诺尔环保产业股份有限公司 | 生物质、垃圾、污泥与煤混合燃烧的综合发电系统 |
| CN109052902A (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-21 | 西安墙体材料研究设计院有限公司 | 一种利用隧道窑余热干化污泥的方法 |
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| CN110116126B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽省通源环境节能股份有限公司 | 一种餐厨垃圾、污泥协同处置方法 |
| CN110116126A (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-13 | 安徽省通源环境节能股份有限公司 | 一种餐厨垃圾、污泥协同处置方法 |
| CN110566921A (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-12-13 | 江苏京泓生态环保有限公司 | 一种燃气锅炉余热回收循环利用装置和方法 |
| CN110642491A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏泓润生物质能科技有限公司 | 一种用于厌氧罐系统热水盘管中的余热回收方法 |
| CN110746061A (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-04 | 方小兵 | 一种污泥处理方法 |
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