CN104944710B - A kind of medical waste water tertiary treatment process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to medical waste water process field, specifically a kind of medical waste water tertiary treatment process is comprised the following steps that:One-level macroscopic view impurity removal process, including setting pot treatment, sedimentation basin treatment and regulating reservoir treatment, one-level macroscopic view impurity removal process go the removal of impurity for macroscopic view；Medical waste water enters two grades of microcosmic impurity removal process after one-level macroscopic view impurity removal process treatment, two grades of microcosmic impurity removal process include the treatment of water softener pond, hydrolysis acidification pool treatment, the treatment of aeration and biological pond, electrolytic cell treatment and the treatment of MBR ponds, and two grades of microcosmic impurity removal process are used for the microcosmic removal of impurity up；Medical waste water after two grades of microcosmic impurity removal process treatment enters three-level sterilization discharge technology, and three-level sterilization discharge technology includes second pond treatment, sterilization pool treatment and discharge, and three-level sterilization discharge technology is mainly used in carrying out sterilization to waste water.The different pollutants that the present invention can be directed in medical waste water are removed using different processing methods, are capable of achieving the high-efficient purification of medical waste water.

Description

A three-stage treatment process for medical wastewater

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical wastewater treatment, in particular to a three-stage treatment process for medical wastewater.

Background technique

At present, my country's medical industry is developing vigorously, and medical wastewater is also produced during the development of medical industry. Medical wastewater has complex components, high concentration and salt content, and contains various organic pollutants, radioactive substances and inorganic heavy metal pollutants. etc. If it is not handled properly, the pollution to the environment will be unimaginable, and the treatment of medical wastewater in the existing process still needs to be improved. Therefore, it can be seen from the above problems that people are in urgent need of a new type of Medical wastewater treatment process, that is, a three-stage treatment process for medical wastewater, which removes radioactive elements in medical wastewater by anion-cation exchange method, completes the removal of organic pollutants with the help of microorganisms, and removes inorganic heavy metal pollutants in wastewater by electrolysis , use the membrane treatment method to clean up the impurities, use the strong oxidant to complete the sterilization and disinfection work, and finally realize the qualified discharge of medical wastewater.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a three-stage treatment process for medical wastewater, which removes radioactive elements in medical wastewater by anion-cation exchange method, completes the removal of organic pollutants with the help of microorganisms, and removes wastewater by electrolysis Inorganic heavy metal pollutants in the waste water, the membrane treatment method is used to clean up the impurities, and the strong oxidant is used to complete the sterilization and disinfection work, and finally realize the qualified discharge of medical wastewater.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a three-stage treatment process for medical waste water, the specific steps of which are as follows:

First-level macroscopic impurity removal process:

(1) Grit chamber treatment: Medical waste water first enters the grit chamber after being collected. Due to the action of gravity, the inorganic pollutants with large specific gravity sink freely to the bottom of the grit chamber. A fishing device is installed at the bottom of the grit chamber. The fishing device includes a support 1 and a lifting device 2, the support 1 is installed on the wall of the grit chamber, and the support 1 is provided with a chute; the lifting device 2 is connected with the support 1, and the lifting device 2 includes a support frame 21, a joint 22, a traction rope 23, a hook 24 and a lifting net 25, the support frame 21 is provided with a slider, the slider is connected with the chute, and the shape of the support frame 21 is the same as that of the grit chamber The same; the traction rope 23 is connected with the support frame 21 through the joint; the lifting net 25 is installed on the support frame 21 through the hook 24; a grid is arranged in the outlet of the grit chamber, and the remaining medical waste water will pass through the grid After being filtered, it enters the sedimentation tank, and the grid is used to remove soft entanglements, large solid particles and floating objects in the medical wastewater. The debris generated in this process needs to be regularly disinfected and shipped out;

(2) Sedimentation tank treatment: the effluent from the grit chamber enters the sedimentation tank, and the medical waste water initially settles part of the suspended pollutants and organic pollutants in the sedimentation tank. Grease and floating matter, so that the quality and quantity of medical wastewater can enter the follow-up treatment unit more evenly, and the sundries produced in this process need to be regularly disinfected and shipped out;

(3) Regulating tank treatment: the effluent from the sedimentation tank enters the regulating tank, and the regulating tank is equipped with a backflow buffer device, which can reduce the impact of medical wastewater flow or concentration changes, and the regulating tank has a pre-aeration function, which can make the wastewater liquid There is still a certain amount of oxygen in the water. At the same time, the pH value and water temperature of the medical wastewater can be adjusted in the adjustment tank to provide a relatively stable environment for subsequent treatment. The wastewater is collected into the system after the water quality and quantity are adjusted by the adjustment tank;

After the medical wastewater is treated by the first-level macroscopic impurity removal process, part of the larger impurities is removed, and the other part is decomposed into smaller impurities, which are evenly dissolved in the wastewater solution. Finally, the quality and quantity of medical wastewater are achieved. Homogenization, ready for post-processing.

Secondary microscopic impurity removal process:

(1) Water softener pool treatment: The medical wastewater flows into the water softener pool after being treated in the regulating pool, and the radioactive elements in the medical wastewater are replaced by potassium ions and sodium ions by the anion-cation exchange method in the water softener pool. After the element is removed, the activity intensity of microorganisms can be significantly increased;

(2) Hydrolytic acidification tank treatment: Medical wastewater is treated in a water softener pool and then enters a hydrolytic acidification tank for treatment. In the hydrolytic acidification tank, medical wastewater enters a facultative anaerobic environment and is mixed with inoculated activated sludge. The mud layer contains a large number of microorganisms such as hydrolytic bacteria and acidifying bacteria, which can hydrolyze insoluble organic matter into soluble organic matter, and convert refractory biological macromolecules into easily degradable biological small molecules. The treatment method adopted in this pond is a A method between aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods, combined with other processes can reduce treatment costs and improve treatment efficiency;

(3) Biological aerated tank treatment: the effluent from the hydrolytic acidification tank is upflowed from the bottom of the biological aerated tank through the filter material attached to the biofilm, and through the metabolic activities of the aerobic microbial flora on the membrane, organic matter and most of the suspended matter are efficiently removed Pollutants, the biological aerated tank is aerated by the aerator to increase the oxygen, and the work efficiency of the microorganisms can be improved by increasing the oxygen, and most of the organic pollutants are digested in the metabolic process of the microorganisms (the removal rate of COD and BOD can reach 80% above);

(4) Electrolytic cell treatment: The medical wastewater is treated by the aerated biological pool and then flows into the electrolytic cell for treatment. The electrolytic cell is equipped with a negative electrode and a positive electrode composed of iron and graphite in iron filings, and the redox reaction is used to remove heavy metal elements in the medical wastewater. The effect of the electrolytic cell can greatly reduce the concentration of heavy metal ions in the wastewater;

(5) MBR pool treatment: medical wastewater enters the MBR pool after being treated by the electrolytic cell, and the flat membrane ultrafiltration is used to treat the medical wastewater in the MBR pool. The flat ultrafiltration membrane has a good removal effect on suspended solids and macromolecular organic matter in the wastewater , and it also has a good interception effect on anionic detergents that are difficult to remove through flocculation and filtration in pretreatment, and the liquid on both sides of the flat membrane of the MBR pool is provided with a moving pressure difference, which can effectively improve the efficiency of flat membrane filtration and is processed by the MBR pool Finally, the sundries filtered out need to be regularly sterilized and dumped;

After being treated by the first-level macroscopic impurity removal process, the wastewater with uniform water quality and quantity flows into the second-level microscopic impurity removal process. Removal of radioactive elements in medical wastewater. This step can significantly increase the activity of microorganisms in medical wastewater, which is beneficial to the biochemical treatment of microorganisms in the later stage. After the treatment in the water softener pool, the medical wastewater is treated by microorganisms and electrolysis, and finally the flat plate The membrane is used for medical wastewater filtration, which can realize the function of removing radioactive substances, tiny impurities and heavy metal ions and other tiny impurities.

Three-level disinfection discharge process:

(1) Secondary sedimentation tank treatment: medical wastewater flows into the secondary sedimentation tank after being treated by the MBR tank, and the medical wastewater is further purified in the secondary sedimentation tank, and finally the wastewater is divided into two parts: supernatant and sludge. Transported out, the supernatant flows into the disinfection tank;

(2) Disinfection tank treatment: the supernatant in the secondary sedimentation tank enters the disinfection tank, and the chlorine dioxide added in the medical wastewater is mixed by the dosing equipment in the disinfection tank, and the chlorine dioxide can be eliminated by the action of the peroxidant chlorine dioxide. Realize the sterilization and disinfection of wastewater, which means that the discharge of wastewater meets the standards of sterilization and disinfection;

(3) Discharge: After being treated in the disinfection tank, the medical wastewater that meets the standard will be discharged to the municipal sewage pipe network;

The wastewater treated in the second-level microscopic impurity removal process enters the third-level disinfection discharge process. In the third-level disinfection discharge process, the medical wastewater first undergoes precipitation to further purify the discharged medical wastewater, and then passes through the peroxidant chlorine dioxide. The function can realize the sterilization and disinfection of wastewater, and finally, make the treated medical wastewater meet the discharge standard.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. This process completes the removal of organic pollutants through microorganisms, which greatly reduces energy consumption compared with the traditional aerobic + anaerobic nitrogen and phosphorus removal process;

2. This process is processed through a water softener pool, which can efficiently remove radioactive substances in medical wastewater.

3. This process removes inorganic heavy metal pollutants in wastewater by electrolysis, which can efficiently reduce the content of heavy metal elements in wastewater;

4. This process uses the membrane treatment method to realize the cleaning of impurities, which can filter the impurities in the wastewater more comprehensively, and the effect of wastewater purification is obvious;

5. This process uses strong oxidants to complete the sterilization and disinfection work, and finally realizes the qualified discharge of medical wastewater.

6. This process is equipped with a salvage device in the grit chamber for macroscopic impurities treatment, which can remove macroscopic impurities without releasing the medical wastewater in the grit chamber, which changes the traditional way of transporting impurities and improves the efficiency of medical wastewater. Processing efficiency, and easy to use.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fishing device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting device of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of medical wastewater tertiary treatment process of the present invention, the processing step of taking medical wastewater treatment is as follows:

First-level macroscopic impurity removal process:

1. Grit chamber treatment: Medical waste water first enters the grit chamber after being collected. Due to the action of gravity, the inorganic pollutants with large specific gravity sink freely to the bottom of the grit chamber. A fishing device is installed at the bottom of the grit chamber. Said salvage device comprises a support 1 and a lifting device 2, said support 1 is installed on the wall of the grit chamber, and the support 1 is provided with a chute; said lifting device 2 is connected with the support 1, and the lifting device 2 Including a support frame 21, a joint 22, a traction rope 23, a hook 24 and a lifting net 25, the support frame 21 is provided with a slider, the slider is connected with the chute, and the shape of the support frame 21 is the same as that of the grit chamber The traction rope 23 is connected with the support frame 21 through the joint; the lifting net 25 is installed on the support frame 21 through the hook 24; the grit chamber outlet is provided with a grid, and the remaining medical waste water will pass through the grid. After filtration, it enters the sedimentation tank, and the grid is used to remove soft entanglements, large solid particles and floating objects in the medical wastewater. The debris generated in this process needs to be regularly disinfected and shipped out;

2. Sedimentation tank treatment: the effluent from the grit chamber enters the sedimentation tank, and the medical wastewater is initially deposited in the sedimentation tank for some suspended pollutants and organic pollutants. The sedimentation tank has the functions of adjusting water volume and homogenizing water quality, and removing part of sinkable matter and grease and floating objects, so that the quality and quantity of medical wastewater can enter the follow-up treatment unit more evenly, and the sundries produced in this process need to be regularly disinfected and shipped out;

3. Regulating tank treatment: the effluent from the sedimentation tank enters the regulating tank, and the regulating tank is equipped with a backflow buffer device, which can reduce the impact of medical wastewater flow or concentration changes, and the regulating tank has a pre-aeration function, which can make the wastewater in the liquid There is also a certain amount of oxygen. At the same time, the pH value and water temperature of the medical wastewater can be adjusted in the adjustment tank to provide a relatively stable environment for subsequent treatment. The wastewater is collected into the system after the water quality and quantity are adjusted by the adjustment tank;

After the medical wastewater is treated by the first-level macroscopic impurity removal process, part of the larger impurities is removed, and the other part is decomposed into smaller impurities, which are evenly dissolved in the wastewater solution. Finally, the quality and quantity of medical wastewater are achieved. Homogenization, ready for post-processing.

Secondary microscopic impurity removal process:

1. Water softener pool treatment: The medical wastewater flows into the water softener pool after being treated by the regulating pool. In the water softener pool, the radioactive elements in the medical wastewater are replaced by potassium ions and sodium ions by the anion and cation exchange method in the water softener pool. The radioactive elements in the medical wastewater are After being removed, the activity intensity of microorganisms can be significantly improved.

2. Hydrolysis and acidification tank treatment: Medical wastewater is treated in a water softener tank and then enters a hydrolysis and acidification tank for treatment. In the hydrolysis and acidification tank, medical wastewater enters a facultative anaerobic environment and is mixed with inoculated activated sludge, and the bottom activated sludge The layer contains a large number of microorganisms such as hydrolytic bacteria and acidifying bacteria, which can hydrolyze insoluble organic matter into soluble organic matter, and convert refractory biological macromolecules into easily degradable biological small molecules. The treatment method adopted in this pool is a The method between aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods, and other process combinations can reduce treatment costs and improve treatment efficiency;

3. Biological aerated tank treatment: the effluent from the hydrolytic acidification tank is upflowed from the bottom of the biological aerated tank through the filter material attached to the growth biofilm, and through the metabolic activities of the aerobic microbial flora on the membrane, organic matter and most of the suspended pollution are efficiently removed The biological aerated tank is aerated by the aerator to increase the oxygen, and the work efficiency of the microorganisms can be improved by increasing the oxygen, and most of the organic pollutants can be digested in the metabolic process of the microorganisms (the removal rate of COD and BOD can reach more than 80% );

4. Electrolytic cell treatment: Medical wastewater is treated by an aerated biological pool and then flows into an electrolytic cell for treatment. The electrolytic cell is equipped with a negative electrode and a positive electrode composed of iron and graphite in iron filings. The redox reaction is used to remove heavy metal elements in the medical wastewater. The pool effect can greatly reduce the concentration of heavy metal ions in wastewater;

5. MBR pool treatment: Medical wastewater enters the MBR pool after being treated by the electrolytic cell. In the MBR pool, flat membrane ultrafiltration is used to treat medical wastewater. The flat ultrafiltration membrane has a good removal effect on suspended solids and macromolecular organic matter in wastewater. Moreover, it also has a good interception effect on anionic detergents that are difficult to remove through flocculation and filtration in pretreatment, and the liquid on both sides of the flat membrane of the MBR pool has a moving pressure difference, which can effectively improve the efficiency of flat membrane filtration. After being treated by the MBR pool The filtered sundries need to be regularly disinfected and dumped for transportation;

After being treated by the first-level macroscopic impurity removal process, the wastewater with uniform water quality and quantity flows into the second-level microscopic impurity removal process. Removal of radioactive elements in medical wastewater. This step can significantly increase the activity of microorganisms in medical wastewater, which is beneficial to the biochemical treatment of microorganisms in the later stage. After the treatment in the water softener pool, the medical wastewater is treated by microorganisms and electrolysis, and finally the flat plate The membrane is used for medical wastewater filtration, which can realize the function of removing radioactive substances, tiny impurities and heavy metal ions and other tiny impurities.

Three-level disinfection discharge process:

1. Secondary sedimentation tank treatment: Medical wastewater flows into the secondary sedimentation tank after being treated by the MBR tank, and the medical wastewater is further purified in the secondary sedimentation tank, so that the wastewater can be divided into two parts: supernatant and sludge, and the sludge is regularly sterilized Ship out, and the supernatant flows into the next process flow;

2. Disinfection tank treatment: the supernatant in the secondary sedimentation tank enters the disinfection tank, and the chlorine dioxide added to the medical wastewater is mixed through the dosing equipment in the disinfection tank, which can be realized by the action of peroxidant chlorine dioxide Sterilization and disinfection of wastewater means that the discharge of wastewater meets the standards for sterilization and disinfection;

3. Discharge: After being treated in the disinfection tank, the medical wastewater that meets the standard will be discharged to the municipal sewage pipe network;

The wastewater treated in the second-level microscopic impurity removal process enters the third-level disinfection discharge process. In the third-level disinfection discharge process, the medical wastewater first undergoes precipitation to further purify the discharged medical wastewater, and then passes through the peroxidant chlorine dioxide. The function can realize the sterilization and disinfection of wastewater, and finally, the treated medical wastewater meets the discharge standard.

Can obtain through experiment, by part unit facility treatment effect analysis table in a kind of medical waste water tertiary treatment process of the present invention is as follows:

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and the descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiments and the specification only illustrate the principles of the present invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also There are various changes and improvements which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of medical waste water tertiary treatment process, comprises the following steps that：

One-level macroscopic view impurity removal process：One-level macroscopic view impurity removal process is specifically included at setting pot treatment, sedimentation basin treatment and regulating reservoir Reason, wherein regulating reservoir is processed as：Sedimentation basin water outlet enters regulating reservoir, and backflow buffer unit is provided with regulating reservoir, can reduce medical treatment The influence that wastewater flow or change in concentration are brought, and there is regulating reservoir preaeration to act on, meanwhile, medical waste water enters in regulating reservoir Regulation in terms of row pH value and water temperature, system is collected into after adjusted pond regulating water quality water；

Two grades of microcosmic impurity removal process：

(1) water softener pond treatment：Flow into water softener pond after the treatment of medical waste water adjusted pond, in water softener pond by negative and positive from Radioactive element replacement in medical waste water is potassium ion and sodium ion by sub- exchange process；

(2) hydrolysis acidification pool treatment：Processed into hydrolysis acidification pool after the softened device pond treatment of medical waste water, in hydrolysis acid Change in pond, medical waste water enters amphimicrobian environment, mixes with inoculated activated sludge, containing big in bottom activated sludge layer Amount hydrolytic bacteria and acidifying bacteria microorganism, can be dissolved organic matter by insoluble hydrolysis of organic matter, and the biology of difficult degradation is big Molecular substance is converted into degradable biological micromolecule material；

(3) aeration and biological pond treatment：Hydrolysis acidification pool water outlet is flowed up by apposition growth biomembrane by aeration and biological bottom of pond portion Filtrate, by the metabolic activity of aerobic microbiological flora on film, efficient organics removal and most suspended contaminant are biological Filter tank carries out aeration oxygen replenishing by aerator；

(4) electrolytic cell treatment：Medical waste water flows into electrolytic cell and processes after being processed through aeration and biological pond, is provided with iron filings in electrolytic cell Iron and the negative pole and positive pole of graphite composition, the heavy metal element in medical waste water is removed using redox reaction；

(5) MBR ponds treatment：Medical waste water enters MBR ponds after being processed through electrolytic cell, is processed using flat membrane ultrafiltration in MBR ponds Medical waste water；

Three-level sterilization discharge technology：

(1) second pond treatment：Medical waste water flows into second pond, medical waste water purified place in second pond after being processed through MBR ponds It is divided into supernatant and sludge two parts after reason；

(2) sterilization pool treatment：Supernatant fraction in second pond enters in sterilization pool, by the medicine machine in sterilization pool to doctor Treat the chlorine dioxide mixing added in waste water；

(3) discharge：After the treatment of sterilized pond, medical waste water up to standard is by outer row's municipal wastewater pipe network；

It is characterized in that：Setting pot treatment and sedimentation basin treatment concrete operations in one-level macroscopic view impurity removal process is as follows：

Setting pot treatment：Medical waste water takes the lead in entering setting pot after collection, due to Action of Gravity Field, the larger inorganic pollution of proportion To setting pot bottom of pond, setting pot bottom of pond is provided with fishing device for thing free subsidence, and grid, remaining medical treatment are provided with setting pot delivery port Waste water is by by entering sedimentation basin after the filtering of grid；

Described fishing device include support (1) and lifting device (2), described support (1) on setting pot pool wall, and Support (1) is provided with chute；Described lifting device (2) is connected with support (1), lifting device (2) including support frame (21), Joint (22), pull rope (23), hook (24) and lifting net (25), described support frame (21) are provided with sliding block, sliding block and cunning Groove is connected, and support frame (21) shape is identical with setting pot shape；Described pull rope (23) is by joint and support frame (21) it is connected；Described lifting net (25) is by hook (24) on support frame (21)；

Sedimentation basin treatment：Setting pot water outlet enters sedimentation basin, and medical waste water just heavy partial suspended pollutant and has in sedimentation basin Organic pollutants, sedimentation basin have regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality function, removal part can hypostasis, grease and floating object, make doctor Treating waste water can compare evenly into subsequent processing units.

2. a kind of medical waste water tertiary treatment process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By setting pot, sedimentation basin, The debris produced after second pond and the treatment of MBR ponds need to periodically sterilize and topple over outward transport.