CN104941797A - Mineral sorting method - Google Patents
Mineral sorting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104941797A CN104941797A CN201510282257.5A CN201510282257A CN104941797A CN 104941797 A CN104941797 A CN 104941797A CN 201510282257 A CN201510282257 A CN 201510282257A CN 104941797 A CN104941797 A CN 104941797A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a mineral sorting method, which comprises that: a mineral material and water are supplied into the inner cavity of a primary selection cylinder, wherein the center axis line of the primary selection cylinder is transversely arranged; the primary selection cylinder is driven to rotate while a magnetic field is applied on the inner cavity of the material selection cylinder; the mineral pulp is accurately sorted through a sorter; with the effects of the magnetic field and the sorter, the selected mineral in the mineral pulp forms the magnetic agglomerate and/or magnetic chain during the lifting process along with the cylinder wall and during the falling process due to the gravity, and after the large enough magnetic agglomerate and/or magnetic chain is converged, the magnetic agglomerate and/or magnetic chain is adhered on the inner wall of the primary selection cylinder and moves upward along with the rotating of the primary selection cylinder, and reaches the material falling zone positioned on the upper portion inside the inner cavity; and other substances excluding the selected mineral in the mineral pulp enter a tailing groove from the bottom portion of the inner cavity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the screening of mineral, more specifically, relate to a kind of dressing method for mineral aggregate or mine tailing.
Background technology
Mineral resources are important support of the national economic development, are also one of key elements that human society is survived, development can not lack.Along with abundant ore source is increasingly exhausted, the poor thin assorted feature increasingly significant of ore mineral, makes dressing method technology seem particularly important in the exploitation process of mineral resources.In mineral resources, the useful constituent content of most ore is low, mineral composition is complicated, has to pass through ore dressing process and just can be isolated, and improves valuable mineral component content, to arrive the requirement of next step smelting and process technology.When abundant ore source reduces gradually, existing technique of preparing and means exist wastes serious problem for mineral resources.
The Mineral Processing Industry of current China, only carry out screening for a kind of mineral that content is relatively high to purify, the relatively low mineral of other content are all lost as the discharge of tailing waste thing, the operation of again purifying is done to all kinds of metalliferous minerals contained in mine tailing by nobody or enterprise, cause available, the loss of the metalliferous mineral that has valency in a large number, waste, a large amount of tailing heaps is released and is polluted surrounding enviroment.
At present, in tailings glass, do not have effective resource to renovate and resource reclaim means yet.Mine tailing, generally speaking, refers to that ore dressing plant is under specific economic technology condition, grinds ore, the discarded object discharged after being separated useful constituent, namely ore remaining solid fertilizer after sorting out concentrate.Mine tailing is the chief component of industrial solid wastes, useful metal, nonmetallic mineral wherein containing some.A kind of mineral material such as silicate, carbonate met can be considered as, and have fine size, quantity large, pollute and environmentally hazardous feature.The mine tailing of China is stored in tailing dam mainly with natural packing method, not only to occupy a large amount of soils, pollute the environment of mining area and surrounding area, form potential safety hazard, also cause a large amount of valuable metal and nonmetal resource loss simultaneously, become the serious restraining factors of mine development.Therefore, be badly in need of a kind of effective technology and resource of tailings fully utilized and reduces discharging, make it to turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good, thus improve the ecological environment, improve resource utilization, promote Mining Sustainable Development.
Existing process cannot realize carrying out again effectively again extracting to valuable resource various in mine tailing, metalliferous material that is useful, that have valency is in a large number caused to be discharged in tailings with non-metallic material, cause energy consumption large, the useful metal rate of recovery is low, recovery grade is low, causes the waste of a large amount of metal and the secondary pollution to surrounding enviroment.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, be badly in need of a kind of method that can improve beneficiating efficiency and deal carefully with mine tailing.Inventor, by scientific experiment for many years and research, proposes a kind of mineral dressing method of novelty, can improve beneficiating efficiency, deal carefully with existing mine tailing.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of mineral dressing method, the method comprises the steps: granular mineral aggregate and water to feed in the inner chamber of the primary selection tube of lateral arrangement, the ore pulp that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in described inner chamber from entrance to exit movement, the central axis lateral arrangement of this primary selection tube; Drive described primary selection tube to rotate around its center axis, the circumferencial direction simultaneously around described primary selection tube applies magnetic field to the inner chamber of described cylinder of selecting materials; By being arranged on the elongated bar-shaped sorter of primary selection tube inner chamber near the preset distance place of barrel, ore pulp is accurately sorted; By the effect of described magnetic field and described sorter, selected mineral in ore pulp are made to increase along with barrel and in process due to the whereabouts of gravity, be subject to the effect in magnetic field, repeatedly stirred and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after accumulating enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, be attached on primary selection tube inwall and along with the rotation of primary selection tube and move upward always, arrive in described inner chamber the feeding zone being positioned at top; Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters tailing groove at described intracavity bottom, doffer is utilized to make described selected mineral leave the barrel of described primary selection tube, fall to material-receiving device, then leave primary selection tube via the first outlet, wherein enter the particle diameter of the mineral aggregate of described primary selection tube within the scope of about 60 to 120 objects.
Preferably, described method also comprises grinds the selected mineral leaving described primary selection tube, and preferably, the granularity of the mineral aggregate after abrasive material is within the scope of 80 to 150 objects.
Preferably, after described method is also included in and grinds selected mineral, fed carry out in selected cylinder selected, in refining process, mineral aggregate and water are fed in refiner, the ore pulp that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in the inside of the selected cylinder of refiner from entrance to exit movement, the approximate horizontal layout of central axis of the selected cylinder of wherein said refiner; While described ore pulp flows, described selected cylinder is driven to rotate around its center axis; By the field generator for magnetic arranged along the circumference of selected cylinder, magnetic field is applied to ore pulp, the selected mineral grain in ore pulp is made to attach on the inwall of selected cylinder, by applying magnetic field, selected mineral in the ore pulp made repeatedly are being stirred in the inner process rising and fall of selected cylinder under the effect in magnetic field, and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage; By being arranged on the elongated bar-shaped sorter of selected tube inner chamber near the preset distance place of barrel, ore pulp is accurately sorted; By the effect of described magnetic field and described sorter, selected mineral in ore pulp are made to increase along with barrel and in process due to the whereabouts of gravity, be subject to the effect in magnetic field, repeatedly stirred and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after accumulating enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, to be attached on selected cylinder inwall and to move upward along with the rotation of selected cylinder always, arriving the feeding zone be positioned at above selected tube inner chamber; Make selected mineral grain fall to the splicing groove of refiner in feeding zone by blanking mechanism, and leave refiner via the second outlet; Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters the tailing groove of refiner bottom selected tube inner chamber, enters tailing induction system.
Wherein in above-mentioned refining process, the magnetic field intensity applied in selected cylinder is less than the magnetic field intensity of selecting materials in cylinder, preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the circumference of described primary selection tube is between about 3000Gs to 6000Gs, magnetic field intensity in described refiner is between 0 to 2000Gs, preferably, in refiner, pulp density is in the scope of 30% to 40%, enters the pulp density of tailing groove in the scope of 10% to 60%.
Preferably, the selected mineral aggregate after selected is fed dewaterer and carry out being separated of mineral and water.
Further preferably, described method concentrates ore pulp before being also included in and grinding, in the process concentrated ore pulp, impurity proportion being lighter than effective mineralogical composition discards together with water, increases the content of primary election ore pulp Mineral Component further.
Described method be also included in mineral aggregate carry out selected before, fineness sorting is carried out to mineral aggregate, the mineral aggregate not meeting fineness requirement is recycled in material grinder and continues grinding, the mineral aggregate meeting fineness requirement is sent to refiner, mineral aggregate granularity is coarser than 80 object particles and will be blocked and be back to continuation grinding in grinder, and preferably, granularity order number is lower than 90 orders, more preferably the mineral aggregate lower than 120 is sorted out, return in abrasive material and continue grinding.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, described mineral aggregate is magnetic iron ore, the feeding speed entering the mineral aggregate in primary selection tube is about 10-20 ton per hour, enters the granularity of the mineral aggregate particle in refiner preferably within the scope of 80 to 200 objects, more preferably within the scope of 80-120 object.
Preferably, according to method of the present invention also comprise by from the water of pulp thickener and waste material, to be all transported in dry row's machine from the waste material of primary selection tube and selected cylinder and to dewater.
Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the magnetic fields area in primary selection tube and selected cylinder is greater than 6 square metres.
Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the rotating speed of primary selection tube and selected cylinder at 5-20 rev/min, preferably at 8 to 15 revs/min.
Utilize according to method of the present invention, from all kinds of ore abandoned in a large number or mine tailing, efficiently can sort out the mineral aggregate of economic worth.
Energy resource consumption of the present invention is low, and metal recovery rate is high, and metal recovery is of high grade, realizes the separate discharge of logistics and water simultaneously, fundamentally solves the problem of environmental pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of present disclosure, the detailed description of the invention of the application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the indicative flowchart of the mineral dressing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the indicative flowchart of mineral dressing method according to another implementation of the invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the indicative flowchart of mineral dressing method according to another implementation of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the selected cylinder used in the mineral dressing method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.Embodiment described is in this disclosure only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is not by the restriction of hereafter described detailed description of the invention.
In disclosure hereafter, be understandable that, shown embodiment and example are only exemplary.Unless there is special explanation in this article, the definition that the term that the various and element mentioned in present disclosure, parts, equipment, technique are relevant and wording and those of ordinary skill in the art generally understand and implication are consistent.It should be noted that, the shape design of the various units shown in accompanying drawing, pipeline, element and assembly etc. and position are only schematic, should be appreciated that, each element shown in figure can take different forms and form according to field condition in practice, and this does not depart from spirit of the present invention and purport.
According to an aspect of present disclosure, propose a kind of mineral dressing method, the method may be used for raw ore and sorts the screening again with mine tailing.
In this dressing method, mainly comprise the operations such as primary election, grinding, selected and dehydration, as shown in Figure 1.
Be understandable that, technology and step involved in present disclosure not only may be used for the ore dressing such as magnetic iron ore, bloodstone, can also be used for the ore dressing of manganese ore, non-ferrous metal and rare metal etc.The ore of the dressing method in present disclosure can be utilized to include but not limited to: magnetic iron ore, bloodstone, arteries and veins tungsten ore, alluvial tin, beach placer, magnetic iron ore, ilmenite, wolframite, tantalite, columbite, monazite and fergusonite etc.
In embodiment hereafter, referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 3, will illustrate according to dressing method of the present invention for magnetic iron ore.Magnetic iron ore is metamorphosed sedimentary type magnetic iron ore mainly, and the iron in ore mineral overwhelming majority is magnetic iron ore, and based on fine-grained disseminated grain, gangue mineral is mainly the silicate mineral such as quartz or hornblend.More containing ferrosilite in some cases.
In dressing method according to the present embodiment, first primary election is carried out to ore.Before entering primary election machine, generally need ore to wear into graininess.According in the ore dressing of present disclosure, as shown in Figure 1, the operations such as primary election, grinding, selected and dehydration are mainly comprised.In FIG, these steps are denoted as step 110,120,130 and 140.
[primary election]
In primary election 110 in FIG, mainly comprise the steps:
Feed in primary election machine by granular iron ore material and water, described mineral aggregate and water form ore pulp, and make ore pulp inside is from entrance to exit movement at the cylinder (being also primary selection tube) of primary election machine simultaneously, and the central axis of this primary selection tube is arranged in the horizontal direction;
Primary selection tube is driven to rotate around its center axis, the inwall of ore pulp along described primary selection tube while advancing is made to move upward bottom cylinder and fall due to the effect of gravity subsequently, primary selection tube continues to rotate, thus makes described ore pulp in cylinder, repeat above-mentioned rising and dropping process;
By the magnetic field of the circle distribution along primary selection tube, magnetic field is applied to the ore pulp in primary selection tube inner chamber, make selected mineral (the first mineral in described ore pulp, be iron ore in the present embodiment) attach on the inwall of primary selection tube, simultaneously by applying magnetic field to ore pulp, selected mineral in the material made repeatedly are stirred under the influence of a magnetic field in the inner process rising and fall of cylinder, and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage;
Formed the first mineral of magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after being gathered into enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, the rotation be attached to along with cylinder on primary selection tube inwall moves upward always, arrives the feeding zone above primary selection tube inner chamber;
Make described first mineral fall to the first splicing groove in feeding zone by blanking mechanism, and leave primary election machine via the outlet of splicing groove;
The material except the first mineral in described ore pulp enters the second splicing groove via the second outlet of described primary election machine, and leaves primary election machine via the second splicing groove.
In above-mentioned steps, the particle diameter entering the ore particle of primary election machine can be selected according to actual conditions.Such as, in one embodiment, the particle diameter of the ore particle of primary election machine is entered within the scope of about 60 to 120 objects.Mineral aggregate enters the speed of primary election machine and flow can need determine according to the process at scene.
Such as, in the present embodiment, for magnetic iron ore, the feeding speed entering the mineral aggregate in primary election machine can be about 10-20 ton per hour.The specifications design of primary election machine can improve handling capacity as required, such as, can arrive 100 to 200 tons per hour.
In this operation, mineral aggregate can be sent in primary election machine by batcher, water is delivered to primary election machine together with mineral aggregate simultaneously, utilize primary election machine to screen mineral aggregate.
In primary election machine, by applying toroidal magnetic field to mineral aggregate, making mineral aggregate stir in the cylinder of primary election machine and roll simultaneously, utilizing the mineral aggregate containing magnetic mineral in mineral aggregate to form magnetic linkage and magnetic group, and along with the rotation of the cylinder of primary election machine arrives above cylinder, thus the mineral aggregate of magnetic is captured.
In order to obtain better ore dressing effect, can carry out selected to mineral aggregate further, improving the grade of breeze further.Before selected, again can grind mineral aggregate.Make composition of ores (such as iron ore) in mineral aggregate can better with magazins' layout.
[slurry concentrating]
Preferably, through primary election mineral aggregate before the grinding, can by primary election pulp conveying in pulp thickener.Primary election ore pulp is concentrated, reduces water content, increase pulp density, step 115 as shown in Figure 2.
In the process concentrated ore pulp, the impurity that proportion can be lighter than effective mineralogical composition discards together with water, increases the content of primary election ore pulp Mineral Component further.
Preferably, be transported in dry row's machine from the water of pulp thickener or waste material and process, after sloughing moisture, waste residue is discharged, is deposited into tailings stock ground;
Ore pulp is concentrated, can arrange as required.When the ore pulp that primary election machine flows out meets concentration requirement, the operation of slurry concentrating also can be omitted.
[grinding step]
Due to the mode that mineralogical composition is with fine-grained disseminated grain in ore, in order to obtain better sorting result, before selected, need again to grind mineral aggregate, step 120 as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3.
According to the difference of field procedure, the pulp density carrying out grinding is also different with source.When not to slurry concentrating, the ore pulp after being screened by primary election machine feeds in grinder, grinds further to slurry.If be provided with the step of slurry concentrating in dressing method, then the ore pulp after concentrated is fed in grinder.
In the process of grinding, corresponding abrasive material can be added where necessary, the mineral aggregate in ore pulp is ground, make the particle that mineral aggregate becomes less, thus the magnetic material in ore pulp is separated further with non-magnetic material.
In one embodiment, ball mill is utilized to grind mineral aggregate.Preferably, the granularity of the mineral aggregate after abrasive material is within the scope of 80 to 150 objects.
[fineness sorting]
Preferably, in one embodiment, as the step 125 shown in Fig. 3, fineness sorter can be set fineness sorting is carried out to the ore pulp after grinding.Pulp conveying after grinding is carried out fineness sorting to fineness sorter, the mineral aggregate not meeting fineness requirement is recycled in material grinder and continues grinding, the mineral aggregate meeting fineness requirement is sent to refiner.Such as with the form of ore pulp, mineral aggregate is sent to refiner.
In the present embodiment, for magnetic iron ore, such as, particle can be coarser than 100 object mineral aggregate particle sortings out, then the conveying of excessively thick mineral aggregate be returned in grinder and continue grinding.Until mineral aggregate meets the requirements, just satisfactory mineral aggregate is delivered to subsequent processing.
For mineral aggregate, not meeting the mineral aggregate of fineness requirement, is also generally unrealized magnetic and the non magnetic material be separated, and needs to return in material grinder to continue grinding separation, until meet separation requirement.But concrete granularity needs to determine according to different mineralogical composition.
Such as, for magnetic iron ore, the granularity of primary election, at 60-120 order, needs to be greater than 80 orders in selected.In other words, in fineness sorting according to the present embodiment, mineral aggregate granularity is coarser than 80 object particles and will be blocked and be back to continuation grinding in grinder, preferably, mineral aggregate lower than 120, lower than 90 orders, more preferably sorts out by granularity order number, returns in abrasive material and continues grinding.
[selected]
Carry out selected to the mineral aggregate after grinding in refiner.Preferably, after fineness sorting is carried out to mineral aggregate, then carry out selected to the mineral aggregate meeting granularity requirements, step 140 as shown in the drawings.
Can comprise the steps: the selected of mineral aggregate
Mineral aggregate (being generally herein ore pulp form) and water are fed in refiner, the ore pulp that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in the inside of the selected cylinder of refiner from entrance to exit movement, the approximate horizontal layout of central axis of the selected cylinder of wherein said refiner;
While described ore pulp flows, described selected cylinder is driven to rotate around its center axis, ore pulp is made to move upward from cylinder bottom along the inwall of selected cylinder while advancing and fall due to the effect of gravity subsequently, described cylindrical shell continues to rotate, make ore pulp repeat above-mentioned rising and dropping process in selected cylinder, do not stop to stir and rolling in selected tube inner chamber;
By the field generator for magnetic arranged along the circumference of selected cylinder, magnetic field is applied to ore pulp, make the selected mineral grain in slurry attach on the inwall of selected cylinder; Preferably, roughly perpendicular with described slurry direction of advance direction applies magnetic field;
By applying magnetic field, selected mineral (the first mineral in the ore pulp made, be iron ore in the present embodiment) repeatedly stirred under the effect in magnetic field in the inner process rising and fall of selected cylinder, and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage;
Form the first mineral of magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after being gathered into enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, being attached to along with the rotation of selected cylinder moves upward always on selected cylinder inwall, arriving the feeding zone of top;
Make the first mineral fall to the first splicing groove of refiner in feeding zone by blanking mechanism, and leave refiner via this splicing groove;
Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters the tailing groove of refiner bottom selected tube inner chamber, enters tailing induction system.
Preferably, in above-mentioned refining process, the magnetic field intensity applied in selected cylinder is less than the magnetic field intensity in primary election machine.
[dehydration]
Mineral aggregate after selected enters dewaterer and carries out being separated of mineral and water, step 140 as illustrated in the drawing.Isolated fine powder material can be delivered to fine powder stock ground by conveying device and stack.
The ore pulp except selected mineral in primary election machine and refiner can be transported to dry tailings drainage device and dewater, step 135 as shown in the drawings.
The foregoing describe according to method technique of the present invention.Hereinafter, by further by the explanation for other embodiments, improvement or the remodeling of above-mentioned process is described.
According to a further aspect of the invention, propose a kind of process of mineral aggregate being carried out to sort.Except hereinafter described new technical characteristic, the step of this process is similar to the step in aforementioned embodiments.For for purpose of brevity, identical or similar treatment process and step will only simply be stated or be omitted, be not described in detail.
In an alternative embodiment of the process according to the invention, propose a kind of mineral aggregate sorting process, this technique comprises the steps such as primary election, grinding, selected and dehydration equally, primary election in the present embodiment, grinding and dehydration are identical with step described in aforementioned embodiments above, do not repeat them here.With reference to accompanying drawing 4, the following intelligent concentration step in present embodiment will be illustrated.
Similarly, after by the mineral aggregate grinding after primary election, feed refiner 30, or after grinding and fineness sorting, mineral aggregate is fed refiner.
The ore pulp 10 that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in the inside of the selected cylinder of refiner from entrance to exit movement, the wherein approximate horizontal layout of the central axis of selected cylinder;
While ore pulp flowing, selected cylinder 31 is driven to rotate around its center axis, ore pulp is made to move upward from cylinder bottom along the inwall of selected cylinder while advancing and fall due to the effect of gravity subsequently, continue to rotate described cylindrical shell, make ore pulp repeat above-mentioned rising and dropping process in selected cylinder, do not stop to stir and rolling in selected tube inner chamber;
Apply magnetic field by the field generator for magnetic arranged along the circumference of selected cylinder to ore pulp, make the selected mineral grain in slurry attach on the inwall of selected cylinder, the magnetic line of force in wherein said magnetic field is with roughly perpendicular with slurry direction of advance;
Accurately sort by being arranged on selected tube inner chamber sorter 33 pairs of ore pulps near selected cylinder barrel preset distance place; This sorter 33 roughly parallels with the central axis of selected cylinder 31, in the rotation process of selected cylinder, at the rolling of selected tube inner chamber and the ore pulp stirred and select mineral aggregate and be passed in space between the inwall of selected cylinder and sorter; Preferably, in the bottom of the inner chamber of selected cylinder near barrel be provided with one or more sorters 33;
By the magnetic field that circumferentially arranges at selected cylinder and described sorter, make selected mineral (the first mineral in ore pulp, be iron ore in the present embodiment) in the process risen and fall, be subject to the effect in magnetic field, repeatedly stirred and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after accumulating enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, to be attached on selected cylinder inwall along with the rotation of selected cylinder moves upward always, to arrive in selected tube inner chamber the feeding zone being positioned at top;
Make the first mineral fall to the first splicing groove of refiner in feeding zone by blanking mechanism, and leave refiner via this splicing groove;
Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters the tailing groove of refiner bottom selected tube inner chamber, enters tailing induction system.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, the upstream of the blanking mechanism in described feeding zone is also provided with the sorter paralleled with the central axis of described selected cylinder, after making to select the space that mineral aggregate is passed between the inwall of selected cylinder and described sorter, arrives feeding zone by blanking.This sorter roughly parallels with the central axis of selected cylinder.
Preferably, described sorter is made up of the permeability magnetic material of such as iron etc.Such as, described sorter can be the metal bar that such as iron etc. is made.Preferably, sorter can be the metal tube of hollow, and described metal tube also can be used for supplying water simultaneously.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, sorter does not rotate along with selected cylinder, such as, can be fixed on the support outside selected cylinder.But be understandable that, sorter can be arranged in the process of ore dressing removable, such as, can rotate together along with selected cylinder.Sorter can arrange multiple as required, arranges and is spaced from certain distance, can be fixed on the support outside cylinder of selecting materials along selected cylinder inwall, or can be fixed on when rotating with cylinder of selecting materials and select materials on cylinder.
Ore pulp after selected is divided into two parts, the mineral aggregate be selected, and also namely the stacking of fine powder stock ground delivered to after dewatering by fine powder mineral aggregate.
Tailing enters dry tailings drainage device and dewaters, and then stacks to tailingspile.
In mineral dressing method according to the present invention, preferably, the magnetic field intensity residing for the ore pulp in refiner is less than the magnetic field intensity in primary election machine.In refiner, capture the mineral that band is magnetic or can induces magnetic, thus obtain selected mineral aggregate; The not magnetic material of tool, waste residue of being abandoned enters dry tailings drainage device and processes, and after sloughing moisture, dry waste residue is discharged, and is deposited into tailings stock ground.
Wherein in described refiner: refiner is applied with toroidal magnetic field to mineral aggregate, make mineral aggregate stir in the cylinder of refiner and roll simultaneously, the mineral aggregate containing magnetic mineral in mineral aggregate is utilized to form magnetic linkage and magnetic group, and the rotation along with the cylinder of refiner arrives above cylinder, thus the mineral aggregate of magnetic is captured, crawled mineral aggregate enters in the first splicing groove above cylinder, and the not crawled magnetic material of not tool goes out from the port of export of refiner via tailing concentrated flow.
In above-mentioned refining process, ball mill grinding ore pulp can be utilized, then ore pulp is entered in fineness sorter, the ore pulp with predetermined fineness specification meeting screening requirement in ore pulp is discharged, enter next link and carry out selected operation, ore pulp not by fineness sorter is turned back in ball mill again and carries out regrind process, this link technological process successfully solves magnetic ore and gangue, namagnetic substance wraps up mutually and cannot be separated, causing magnetic ore to occur cannot phenomenon generation that effectively magnetic is poly-, stop the generation that magnetic ore abandons phenomenon by mistake.Make the ore pulp entering refiner, magnetic can be there is rapidly and gather phenomenon, formed " magnetic group " or " magnetic linkage ", " magnetic group " or " magnetic linkage " are subject to magneticaction in ore pulp, when moving to magnetic pole, present tumbling state, due to the change of field value, the magnetic line of force direction of motion is also in change, and " magnetic group " or " magnetic linkage " is when rolling along cylinder direction of rotation, drive ore pulp also in multi-direction informal style rolling, so the material generation magnetic that is more effectively magnetic gathers phenomenon.
Preferably, the operations such as primary election, concentrated, grinding, fineness sorting, selected and dehydration are comprised at dressing method according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 3.
[about pulp density and abrasive grain]
In ore dressing, pulp density and grinding particle size all have a certain impact for ore dressing.
For pulp density, need select and set suitable pulp density.If pulp density is too high, sorting excessive concentration can be caused, and then can concentrate quality be had a strong impact on.Now, concentrate particle is easily covered and parcel by thinner gangue particle, and sorting is not opened.Grade is caused to reduce.If pulp density is too low, will greatly increase ore grinding cost, and reduce ore removal rate, be unfavorable for grinding step.In addition, if the too low sorting concentration that also can make of pulp density is too low, cause flow velocity to increase, the time that sorts shortens relatively, can make so the magnetic-particle originally having an opportunity to be selected due to flow velocity too fast and be not selected.Therefore, according to the difference of device parameter and Resource security, setting corresponding pulp density is also one of factor obtaining good ore dressing effect.
Preferably, after primary election, the first mineral selected are transported to subsequent processing with the form of ore pulp.Before the grinding, need to carry out slurry concentrating, to improve grinding efficiency.And carry out selected before, in order to arrive good ore dressing effect, need to add again clear water in refiner, by slurry dilution.
Such as, crawled useful ore pulp flows in pulp thickener, adds a large amount of clear water subsequently, pulp density is reduced in refining process.
Such as, in one embodiment according to the present invention, before the grinding, the pulp density after slurry concentrating is in the scope of 30% to 35%.
In another embodiment, enter pulp density in refiner in the scope of 25% to 35% (percentage by weight of mineral aggregate in ore pulp), then add clear water more simultaneously.After sorting, the pulp density in the first splicing groove of refiner can in the scope of 30% to 40%.Meanwhile, the pulp density entering tailing groove can in the scope of 10% to 60%.
For the granularity of mineral aggregate, it is also very important factor.In magnetic separation process in the present invention, primary election, grinding, fineness sorting and the step such as selected is utilized to carry out classification process to different mineralogical composition, to reach good ore dressing effect.Metallic ore is generally fine-grained disseminated grain, needs to make various valuable mineral in ore obtain comparatively ideal liberation degree of minerals through grinding, thus successfully sorts.
Applicant, by the research of oneself, obtains one group of grain size parameter, and these parameters are applied in the above-mentioned mineral dressing method in present disclosure, can obtain good ore dressing effect.
Such as, according to of the present invention in the ore dressing of magnetic iron ore, the granularity of primary election can, within the scope of 60-120 object, need to be greater than 80 orders in selected.In other words, in fineness sorting according to the present embodiment, ore particle granularity is coarser than 80 object ore particles and will be blocked and be back to continuation grinding in material grinder, preferably, ore particle lower than 120, lower than 90, more preferably sorts out by granularity order number, returns in abrasive material and continues grinding.
Be understandable that, according to different mineral types, specification of equipment and precision will be considered simultaneously, need according to circumstances to determine pulp density required in ore dressing process and the granularity of mineral aggregate.In one embodiment, milling apparatus can be ball mill.This ball mill the fineness of mineral aggregate of grinding out can up to 200 orders.For some Non-ferrous minerals, the fineness feeding the ore particle in refiner or primary election machine even can up to 300 orders.
In dressing method according to the present invention, when sorting magnetic iron ore, the mineral aggregate granularity entering primary election machine or refiner should be narrower than 80 orders.
In dressing method according to the present invention, also not the particle of mineral aggregate is more thin better.For the mineral aggregate of iron ore parcel impurity, be not suitable for too thin granularity.For iron ore, enter the granularity of the mineral aggregate particle of selected machine preferably within the scope of 80 to 200 objects, more preferably within the scope of 80-120 object.
Order number mentioned in this article, is used for defining the granularity of material or fineness degree, and general definition refers to the hole count of screen cloth in 1 square inch.Order number is larger, and exponent material granularity is thinner; Order number is less, and exponent material granularity is larger.Screen size is exactly that particle by the screen size of screen cloth, can represent with the screen number in the screen cloth of 1 inch of (25.4mm) length, be thus referred to as order number.The standard about order number consistent (have references to the Taylor standard sieve of the U.S.) of field of engineering technology of order number mentioned herein and China.The corresponding relation of such as mentioned hereinbefore order number and the size of granularity is as follows:
80 orders=0.180mm; 120 orders=1.125mm; 200 orders=0.075mm.
In addition, also need to select suitable feeding speed according to the situation of reality.In the method according to the invention, situation that can be actual sets required feeding speed, such as, can be 20 tons (T) per hour.Maximum can be per hour up to 100-200T.
In primary election machine according to the present invention and refiner, primary selection tube and selected cylinder can penetrate by magnetic field and not make the high-abrasive material of magnetic fields, such as, can be stainless steel or hard, wear-resistant plastic material, or other suitable materials.
According to above-mentioned mineral dressing method of the present invention, can sort the mineral of the heterogeneity be mingled in mineral aggregate.Such as mineralogical composition different for magnetic can be sorted, or may be used for sorting the material (utilizing primary election machine or refiner) that magnetic is comparatively strong or induced magnetism is stronger in the mixture.
Preferably, the length of this metal bar is roughly the same with the length of magnetic field of cylinder of selecting materials.
Preferably, the magnetic fields area in primary election machine and refiner is greater than 6 square metres.
In an embodiment of method according to the present invention, also in elementary machine, sorter can be set equally.
Preferably, in mineral dressing method according to the present invention, the magnetic field intensity of the circumference of the primary selection tube in primary election machine is between about 3000Gs (Gauss) to 6000Gs.Magnetic field intensity in refiner is between 0 to 2000Gs.
Certainly, the magnetic pole strength in ore separators (primary election machine and refiner) can be selected according to actual conditions, and when using calutron to produce magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity in primary election machine can up to 20,000 Gs.
This is according in method of the present invention, can adopt and be arranged in cylindrical shell two groups of permanent magnet magnetic sheets circumferentially, thus produces magnetic field in the circumference of selected cylinder or primary selection tube.Wherein often organize magnetic sheet and comprise the mutually corresponding magnetic sheet of two magnetic poles, and N pole and S interpolar are every layout, described magnetic sheet can be the magnetic sheet be made up of permanent magnet.In other implementations, cylindrical shell can be arranged the magnetic sheet of more groups, such as 3 to 10 group magnetic sheets.Understandable, according to the size of cylindrical shell, the magnetic sheet of suitable number can be arranged on primary election machine or refiner, so that the circumferentially generation magnetic field of the cylindrical shell at ore separators.Described magnetic sheet also can be calutron.
Preferably, in primary election machine and refiner, the high-intensity magnetic field of a hoop can being set in one end near outlet of primary selection tube and/or selected cylinder, flowing out primary selection tube or selected cylinder for stoping the magnetic material of tool.The magnetic field intensity in this magnetic field is preferably more than 4000Gs.
The rotating speed of described primary selection tube and selected cylinder at 5-20 rev/min, preferably at 8 to 15 revs/min.Be understandable that, the rotating speed of primary selection tube or selected cylinder also can be other suitable rotating speeds.
In mineral dressing method according to the present invention, when mineral aggregate rotates in cylinder of selecting materials (primary selection tube or selected cylinder), magnetic field intensity suffered by mineral aggregate can from 0-5000GS interval variation unevenly, and along with the arrangement of magnetic sheet is different, the magnetic line of force of a periphery of selecting materials all changes on horizontal and vertical.
[beneficial effect]
By utilizing according to mineral dressing method of the present invention, at least following beneficial effect can be realized:
In the actual tests of applicant, " the non magnetic iron " in raw material can be elected.
Sedimentary metamorphic ultra-poor iron ore Tfe (full iron) can be made 5.6%; Mfe (Armco magnetic iron) selects the Iron concentrate up to 66% 0.8% time; In CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, Tfe grade only remains 1.1%; And ratio of concentration is less than 20:1.
" world-famous puzzle " ultra-poor vanadium titano-magnetite CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND can be sorted.Make ultra-poor vanadium titano-magnetite spoil reclaming Iron concentrate reach more than Tfe65%, ratio of concentration is less than 25:1.
The metallic iron in pyrite cinder can be sorted; Can up to Tfe85%, far away higher than the maximum data 63.3% of the state-of-the-art dressing method technology of current China.
Iron concentrate can being made to purify again further, the Iron concentrate of about 65%, by using according to mineral dressing method of the present invention, can 71.5% be reached.Almost close to tri-iron tetroxide theoretical value 72.4%.
Hereinafter the beneficial effect that mineral dressing method according to the present invention produces and the great economic benefit brought will be enumerated some examples to illustrate.
Example 1
The CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of the ultra-poor vanadium titano-magnetite by the Ultrabasic Rock-Body from somewhere, Hebei province is utilized and has carried out mine tailing screening according to method of the present invention.
Examining report according to the department of detection: the mineral content following (adding up to 100%) of above-mentioned ore deposit CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND: in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, Pyroxene Minerals accounts for 47.59%, amphibole mineral account for 18.53%, spectra accounts for 14.51%, ilmenite mineral account for 5.87%, montmorillonite mineral accounts for 5.19%, chlorite mineral accounts for 1.75%, and illite minerals accounts for 6.55%.Can see, the Within Monominerals not containing magnetic iron ore in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND.
In the tailing treatment technology of prior art, almost have no idea to select the Iron concentrate meeting industrial index requirement from above-mentioned ultra-poor vanadium titano-magnetite CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND.Because based on common mineralogy, crystal chemistry theory and ore dressing experience of the prior art, although pyroxene, amphibole iron content, they are " lattice iron ", are the iron in silicate, may with physics mineral dressing method.The certain iron content of ilmenite, but in feTiO3, iron Fe only accounts for 36.8%, and titanium Ti accounts for 36.6%, and all the other are oxygen 26.6%.Only having the ilmenite of 5.87% in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, want to select the Iron concentrate reaching industrial requirements, is almost impossible in theory.
But, by utilizing according to mineral dressing method of the present invention, the survey report of authoritative institution shows: in the primary beneficiation test utilizing above-mentioned mineral dressing method of the present invention, reaches 57.55% for selected rear the obtained Iron concentrate Tfe of above-mentioned mine tailing.
In second time test, the Iron concentrate Tfe65.78% selected.
Example 2
Sample 32 tons at the mine tailing of certain mining site, carry out beneficiation test.
Utilize according to mineral dressing method of the present invention, (CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of mineral deposit of the same race industrial type) beneficiation test result is:
Tfe content 8.52%; Select fine powder grade 65.67%; Mine tailing Tfe grade 3.61%; Ore dressing metal recovery rate tail 60.98%, productive rate is 7.9%.
In contrast: use same CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, the best index that dressing method of the prior art obtains is:
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND Tfe grade is 7.91%; Fine powder grade is also 65.76%, but ore dressing metal recovery rate is 21.23%, and productive rate is 2.46%.
Can see, the ore dressing metal recovery rate that mineral dressing method according to the present invention obtains exceeds 39.75% than best index 21.23%, and the productivity ratio whole nation at present best index 2.46% exceeds 5.44%.This just means that in same a kind of mine tailing CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, Tfe content is substantially identical, the Iron concentrate grade selected is all 65.67%, but, often process 100 tons of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, technique of preparing of the present invention is than energy more than enough production Iron concentrate 5.44 tons, many enforcement sale incomes, can many Footwall drift 39.75% than prior art up to more than 5,000 yuan.
As can be seen here, technique of preparing according to the present invention has extraordinary technique effect.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a mineral dressing method, described method comprises the steps:
Granular mineral aggregate and water are fed in the inner chamber of the primary selection tube of lateral arrangement, the ore pulp that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in described inner chamber from entrance to exit movement, the central axis lateral arrangement of this primary selection tube;
Drive described primary selection tube to rotate around its center axis, the circumferencial direction simultaneously around described primary selection tube applies magnetic field to the inner chamber of described cylinder of selecting materials;
By being arranged on the elongated bar-shaped sorter of primary selection tube inner chamber near the preset distance place of barrel, ore pulp is accurately sorted;
By the effect of described magnetic field and described sorter, selected mineral in ore pulp are made to increase along with barrel and in process due to the whereabouts of gravity, be subject to the effect in magnetic field, repeatedly stirred and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after accumulating enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, be attached on primary selection tube inwall and along with the rotation of primary selection tube and move upward always, arrive in described inner chamber the feeding zone being positioned at top;
Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters tailing groove at described intracavity bottom, utilizes doffer to make described selected mineral leave the barrel of described primary selection tube, falls to material-receiving device, then leaves primary selection tube via the first outlet,
Wherein enter the particle diameter of the mineral aggregate of described primary selection tube within the scope of about 60 to 120 objects.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises grinds the selected mineral leaving described primary selection tube, and preferably, the granularity of the mineral aggregate after abrasive material is within the scope of 80 to 150 objects.
3. method according to claim 2, after described method is also included in and grinds selected mineral, fed carry out in selected cylinder selected, in refining process,
Mineral aggregate and water are fed in refiner, the ore pulp that mineral aggregate and water are mixed to form in the inside of the selected cylinder of refiner from entrance to exit movement, the approximate horizontal layout of central axis of the selected cylinder of wherein said refiner;
While described ore pulp flows, described selected cylinder is driven to rotate around its center axis;
By the field generator for magnetic arranged along the circumference of selected cylinder, magnetic field is applied to ore pulp, the selected mineral grain in ore pulp is made to attach on the inwall of selected cylinder, by applying magnetic field, selected mineral in the ore pulp made repeatedly are being stirred in the inner process rising and fall of selected cylinder under the effect in magnetic field, and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage;
By being arranged on the elongated bar-shaped sorter of selected tube inner chamber near the preset distance place of barrel, ore pulp is accurately sorted;
By the effect of described magnetic field and described sorter, selected mineral in ore pulp are made to increase along with barrel and in process due to the whereabouts of gravity, be subject to the effect in magnetic field, repeatedly stirred and be combined with each other in whipping process, form magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, after accumulating enough large magnetic group and/or magnetic linkage, to be attached on selected cylinder inwall and to move upward along with the rotation of selected cylinder always, arriving the feeding zone be positioned at above selected tube inner chamber;
Make selected mineral grain fall to the splicing groove of refiner in feeding zone by blanking mechanism, and leave refiner via the second outlet;
Other material except selected mineral in ore pulp enters the tailing groove of refiner bottom selected tube inner chamber, enters tailing induction system,
Wherein in above-mentioned refining process, the magnetic field intensity applied in selected cylinder is less than the magnetic field intensity of selecting materials in cylinder, preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the circumference of described primary selection tube is between about 3000Gs to 6000Gs, magnetic field intensity in described refiner is between 0 to 2000Gs, preferably, in refiner, pulp density is in the scope of 30% to 40%, enters the pulp density of tailing groove in the scope of 10% to 60%.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the selected mineral aggregate after selected is fed dewaterer and carries out being separated of mineral and water.
5. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, before described method is also included in and grinds, ore pulp is concentrated, in the process that ore pulp is concentrated, impurity proportion being lighter than effective mineralogical composition discards together with water, increases the content of primary election ore pulp Mineral Component further.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described method be also included in mineral aggregate carry out selected before, fineness sorting is carried out to mineral aggregate, the mineral aggregate not meeting fineness requirement is recycled in material grinder and continues grinding, the mineral aggregate meeting fineness requirement is sent to refiner, mineral aggregate granularity is coarser than 80 object particles and will be blocked and be back to continuation grinding in grinder, preferably, granularity order number is lower than 90 orders, more preferably the mineral aggregate lower than 120 is sorted out, return in abrasive material and continue grinding.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described mineral aggregate is magnetic iron ore, the feeding speed entering the mineral aggregate in primary selection tube is about 10-20 ton per hour, enter the granularity of the mineral aggregate particle in refiner preferably within the scope of 80 to 200 objects, more preferably within the scope of 80-120 object.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described method also comprise by from the water of pulp thickener and waste material, to be all transported in dry row's machine from the waste material of primary selection tube and selected cylinder and to dewater.
9. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in the process, the magnetic fields area in primary selection tube and selected cylinder is greater than 6 square metres.
10., according to the method one of claim 6-9 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, the rotating speed of described primary selection tube and selected cylinder at 5-20 rev/min, preferably at 8 to 15 revs/min.
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