CN104920311A - 一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法 - Google Patents
一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104920311A CN104920311A CN201510403393.5A CN201510403393A CN104920311A CN 104920311 A CN104920311 A CN 104920311A CN 201510403393 A CN201510403393 A CN 201510403393A CN 104920311 A CN104920311 A CN 104920311A
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- silkworm
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- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，在蚕室内的固定蚕架上放置花钵，花钵内放入河（黄）砂，将新鲜柞枝叶修剪后插入河（黄）砂中，将蚁蚕放入花钵内的新鲜柞枝叶上饲养，蚕室内另安置升温补温设备进行温湿度调节；本发明能够解决柞蚕在野外放养容易受到风、雨、低温、虫、鸟、兽等害，解决了室内养殖柞叶剪枝保鲜，保证了柞蚕适时食叶，提高抗病能力，有效控制或降低于病原物的繁殖扩散和蔓延，而且能给予柞蚕需要通风立体的饲养环境，省工、省时、成本低，而且技术难度小。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及蚕业技术领域，尤其是一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法。
背景技术
[0002] 有关柞蚕保育技术研宄一直是柞蚕生产技术的研宄重点，稚蚕期(一至三龄)减蚕率达50%，其中一龄期又占稚蚕期减蚕数的60%。为此，以收蚁及一龄期为中心，大力做好柞蚕稚蚕期保苗，是夺取柞蚕蚕茧丰收的关键措施之一，目前柞蚕室内饲养仍是一个研宄热门，收蚁总的要求“适时收蚁，防止饥饿，保苗增产，不伤蚁体”，柞蚕在野外放养容易受到风、雨、低温、虫、鸟、兽等害；而如果采用室内养殖，则需要柞叶采摘，一方面增加了采摘和保鲜贮藏的工作量和设备成本上，另一面由于采摘后柞叶贮藏保鲜困难，易萎焉，叶质下降，饲养成绩受到影响；而且由于现在采用的平面密集饲养技术与柞蚕需要通风立体的饲养环境差距过大，限制了柞蚕向上性、逸散性等天然属性。同时平面密集饲养有利于病原物的繁殖富集和传播，易诱发蚕病，必须要求有较高技术水平，经常消毒，增加了防病的难度和成本。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的是:提供一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，它可在室内可进行温湿度调节，满足柞蚕生理，有效控制或降低于病原物的繁殖扩散和蔓延解决了柞蚕在野外放养容易受到风、雨、低温、虫、鸟、兽等危害，同时，减少了人工看护工作，且投资少，就地取材，均可反复使用数年。
[0004] 本发明是这样实现的:在蚕室内的固定蚕架上放置花钵，花钵内放入河(黄)砂，将新鲜柞枝叶修剪后插入河(黄)砂中，将蚁蚕放入花钵内的新鲜柞枝叶上饲养，蚕室内另安置升温补温设备进行温湿度调节。
[0005] 稚蚕插枝钵每行的行距为50-60cm，钵间距为20_25cm。
[0006] 插枝钵的柞枝叶每天早晚给予换枝或补插新鲜枝叶。
[0007] 每钵饲养蚕卵数量16_20g，稚蚕为1600-2000头。
[0008] 所述的温湿度调节具体是，室内温度20-22°C，湿度85-90%，钵内相对含水量控制在 38-42%。
[0009] 在饲养前5-7天用福尔马林将蚕室、插枝钵及黄沙熏烟一次，在蚕儿一眠时，用生石灰撒一层薄霜状在蚕体及柞技叶上，待同批次二龄蚕儿起完，更换新技叶，直至蚕儿上山后清理。
[0010] 在饲育过程中，选择晴天上午送蚕至山上为宜，即在返青后第二天至二眠前，在送蚕上山前一天下午16时开始降温，每小时降1°C，降至与室外自然温度相同为止，在晚上22时，打开门窗直至蚕J L第二天上山。
[0011] 本发明解决贵州柞蚕生产中减蚕率居高不下的问题，春柞蚕在野外放养容易受到风、雨、低温等危害，蚁蚕上树率低，疏毛率降低，蚕活动缓慢，食叶少，代谢作用滞缓，发育延迟，而且柞蚕茧产、质量下降，在室内可进行温湿度调节，满足柞蚕生理特点，能给予柞蚕需要通风立体的饲养环境的同时，有效控制或降低于病原物的繁殖扩散和蔓延，不但省工、省时，而且简便易行。
[0012] 本发明解决了室内养殖柞叶剪枝保鲜，充分保证了柞蚕适时食叶，防止蚁蚕爬窝，受饥饿，增强蚕儿优质，提高了抗病能力并且设施简便，成本低，易消毒，技术难度小，有推广的实用价值，蚕室16-20m2可放25-30个/层花钵、可饲养400_500g蚕卵，除购买花钵投资300-400元，其余的就地取材，均可反复使用数年。
[0013] 由于采用了上述技术方案，与现有技术相比，本发明采用在室内插枝育的方法饲养春柞蚕稚蚕，解决柞蚕在野外放养容易受到风、雨、低温、虫、鸟、兽等害，解决了室内养殖柞叶剪枝保鲜，保证了柞蚕适时食叶，提高抗病能力，有效控制或降低于病原物的繁殖扩散和蔓延，而且能给予柞蚕需要通风立体的饲养环境，省工、省时、成本低，而且技术难度小。
具体实施方式
[0014] 本发明的实施例:于2012年5月5日，在贵州东南州黄平地区饲养。
[0015] 在蚕室内的固定蚕架上放置花钵，花钵每行的行距为50_60cm，钵间距为20-25cm，花钵内放入河砂，控制钵中河砂湿度来保持柞叶鲜度，将新鲜柞枝叶修剪后插入河砂中，将蚁蚕放入花钵内的新鲜柞枝叶上饲养，每天早晚给予换枝或补插新鲜枝叶，蚕室内另安置升温补温设备进行温湿度调节；每钵饲养蚕卵数量16_20g，稚蚕为1600-2000头。所述的温湿度调节具体是，室内温度20-22 0C，湿度85-90%，钵内相对含水量控制在38-42% ;在饲养前5-7天用福尔马林将蚕室、插枝钵及黄沙熏烟一次，在蚕儿一眠时，用生石灰撒一层薄霜状在蚕体及柞技叶上，待同批次二龄蚕儿起完，更换新技叶，直至蚕儿上山后清理。在饲育过程中，选择晴天上午送蚕至山上为宜，即在返青后第二天至二眠前，在送蚕上山前一天下午16时开始降温，每小时降1°C，降至与室外自然温度相同为止，在晚上22时，打开门窗直至蚕J L第二天上山。
[0016] 在2012年6月16日观察，结论是平均保苗率比直接上山提高28.6%、发病率比直接上山低0.1%，收茧率比直接上山提高23.9%。
Claims (6)
1.一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:在蚕室内的固定蚕架上放置花钵，花钵内放入河砂或黄砂，将新鲜柞枝叶修剪后插入花钵中，将蚁蚕放入花钵内的新鲜柞枝叶上饲养，并在蚕室内另安置升温补温设备进行温湿度调节。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:稚蚕插枝钵每行的行距为50-60cm，钵间距为20-25cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:插枝钵的柞枝叶每天早晚给予换枝或补插新鲜枝叶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:每钵饲养蚕卵数量16_20g，稚蚕为1600-2000头。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:所述的温湿度调节具体是，室内温度20-22°C，湿度85-90%，钵内相对含水量控制在38_42%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种春柞蚕稚蚕室内插枝育方法，其特征在于:在饲养前5-7天用福尔马林将蚕室、插枝钵及黄沙熏烟一次，在蚕儿一眠时，用生石灰撒一层薄霜状在蚕体及柞技叶上，待同批次二龄蚕儿起完，更换新技叶，直至蚕儿上山后清理。
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| CN105850904B (zh) * | 2016-04-17 | 2018-10-19 | 吴丽清 | 引导熟蚕做茧和快速摘茧的方法 |
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