CN104900469A - Real-time monitoring and rapidly-prototyped equipment based on electron beam and ion beam composite technology and method for manufacturing component using the same - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring and rapidly-prototyped equipment based on electron beam and ion beam composite technology and method for manufacturing component using the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104900469A CN104900469A CN201510356563.9A CN201510356563A CN104900469A CN 104900469 A CN104900469 A CN 104900469A CN 201510356563 A CN201510356563 A CN 201510356563A CN 104900469 A CN104900469 A CN 104900469A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/304—Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects or from the beam, e.g. correction signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
Abstract
Real-time monitoring and rapidly-prototyped equipment based on an electron beam and ion beam composite technology comprises a vacuum chamber and a control and display system; the vacuum chamber is internally provided with a three-dimensionally movable workbench, a feed and spreading device, a rapid prototyping device and a real-time monitoring device; the three-dimensionally movable workbench is internally provided with a cooling liquid circulating pipeline; the rapid prototyping device is electron beam equipment; and the vacuum chamber, the three-dimensionally movable workbench, the feed and spreading device, the rapid prototyping device and the real-time monitoring device are all connected with the control and display system outside the vacuum chamber. A method for manufacturing components using the same comprises transferring and spreading a raw material on the workbench and pre-heating the raw material; carrying out selective scanning and sintering and monitoring microstructures of the product in real time; and repeating the first two steps in turn repeatedly. The equipment and the method has the advantages that machining precision and processing cost are both considered by the equipment and rapid prototyping of complex parts and elaborate processing of the microstructures are realized through the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rapid shaping field, be specifically related to a kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique and utilize it to prepare the method for part.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique be a kind of material newly developed in recent years successively or pointwise pile up the manufacture method of device, mainly by science and technology such as comprehensive mechanical engineering, CAD, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology and materials, 3 d part is converted into the superposition manufactured by a series of two-dimensional part cross section.For metal material; what generally adopt at present is the sintering or the fusing that adopt laser under Buchholz protection, carry out metal dust, but when sintering some specialty metal (as tungsten, titanium) and high temperature alloy special property metal material key component common laser fast shaping just can show intensity not high, blow the shortcomings such as the high and rough surface of powder, nodularization, residual stress is high.In quick forming fabri-cation process, only utilize vision monitoring overall dimension at present, do not have the equipment of in-situ monitoring microstructure, we are unable to find out the microstructure of parts, also just can not control better its mechanical performance.
Electron beam rapid shaping technique is a kind of Rapid Manufacturing Technology grown up in recent years.The part material purity that electron beam quick forming fabri-cation goes out high (carrying out manufacture process in a vacuum), perhaps part can be made to reach the situation not having crystal boundary or only have monocrystalline, the flexibility of forming materials and high energy efficiency and superior high temperature creep property can be ensured.Carried out the material of quick forming fabri-cation by electron beam, heterogeneous microstructure is evenly complete, significantly reduces the crystallite dimension of material, can reduce to a great extent or avoid intensity not high, blow the shortcomings such as the high and rough surface of powder, nodularization, residual stress is high.The focal diameter of electron beam can reach within 0. 1 μm, is suitable for processing the high accuracy of part.
It is similar that ion beam and electron beam produce principle, unlike ion band positive charge, its quality thousands of, Shuo Wanbei larger than electronics, quality as argon ion is 7.2 ten thousand times of electronics, even if the lightest hydrogen atom quality is also 1840 times of electron mass, thus ion beam has larger shock kinetic energy than electron beam, this is because it is the mechanical impact energy by microcosmic, instead of be that heat energy is processed by kinetic transformation, mechanical force and damage can not be caused, the structure of more high accuracy and quality can be processed.In addition, the focal diameter of ion beam can reach below 10nm, and its retrofit ability is obviously better than electron beam, but its cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the intensity existed in current quick forming fabri-cation method not high, blow the defects such as the high and rough surface of powder, nodularization, residual stress is high, in conjunction with electron beam and ion beam technology and in-situ technique, provide a kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique and utilize it to prepare the method for part.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique, comprise vacuum chamber 100 and control and display system 130, be provided with in described vacuum chamber 100 can the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement, charging and laying device 108, rapid molding device 120 and real time monitoring apparatus 110; Describedly can be provided with cooling fluid circulation duct 109 in the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement; Described rapid molding device 120 is electron beam equipment 107; Described vacuum chamber 100, can the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement, charging to be all connected with display system 130 with the control outside vacuum chamber 100 with real time monitoring apparatus 110 with laying device 108, rapid molding device 120.
Described rapid molding device 120 also comprises the ion beam apparatus 106 integrated with electron beam equipment 107, and electron beam equipment 107 and ion beam apparatus 106 can move simultaneously.
The mode of operation of described electron beam device is continous way, pulsed or high frequency sweep formula.
Described real-time monitoring system 110 comprises one or more in ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115, mass spectrometer 116.
Described real-time monitoring system 110 comprises ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115 and mass spectrometer 116.
Described ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115 and mass spectrometer 116 integrate.
Described ESEM system comprises secondary electron probe, energy disperse spectroscopy and back scattering probe.
Described cooling fluid is water or liquid nitrogen.
Utilize the said equipment to prepare a method for part, comprise the steps:
(1) charging and laying device is utilized to transmit on workbench and lay raw material, preheating;
(2) unlocking electronic bundle device, selective scanning sintering is carried out to the raw material after step (1) preheating, open real-time monitoring system to monitor the surface topography of product, chemical composition and phase structure, and measurement result is fed back to control and display system, adjustment quick forming fabri-cation technological parameter;
(3) workbench is moved down, then repeatedly repeat step (1) and (2) successively until complete the quick forming fabri-cation of part.
Further comprising the steps of in the step (2) of said method: to use ion beam carry out retrofit to the in type region not reaching part processing precision requirement and optionally cool part.
Described part is mould, transducer, metal parts or ceramic part.Described part is metal parts, polymer parts, ceramic part or composite material parts.
Described raw material are metal material, polymer, pottery or composite material.
Described metal material is metal wire or metal dust, and described pottery is ceramic size, and described polymer is polymer gel.
The workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement, charging and laying device 108, rapid molding device 120 and real time monitoring apparatus 110 all can be arranged in vacuum chamber, all self-movements, but be all connected with control system.
Described control and display system 130 can show the part crudy that the course of processing of rapid shaping and real-time monitoring system detect in real time, simultaneously can the motion of cooperation control all devices.
This equipment can process any complex structure or the high parts of requirement on machining accuracy.Real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation equipment based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique of the present invention and method, described Real-Time Monitoring and quick forming fabri-cation equipment mainly comprise electron beam device, ion beam apparatus, real-time monitoring system, charging and laying device, workbench, vacuum chamber, control and display system, it is characterized in that:
Described electron beam device under high pressure produces high-strength electronic beam current, is then launched by electron gun by focusing system and shaping control system, and electron beam device can select different mode of operations: continous way, pulsed, high frequency sweep formula etc.Electron beam is used for carrying out selective sintering fusing and solidification to raw material, within its focal diameter can reach 0.1um.
Described ion beam apparatus is under vacuum, the ion beam produced by ion source is through accelerating focus on and launch with ion gun, mainly comprise ion source, vacuum system, control system and power supply etc. and retrofit is carried out to the device of electron beam quick forming fabri-cation, as surface finish, etching aperture or amendment micro-structural etc., its precision can reach below 10nm;
Described real-time monitoring system comprises ESEM system, mass spectrometer, the composition such as infrared video camera and X-ray diffractometer.ESEM (SEM) is equipped with secondary electron probe, energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and back scattering probe (EBSD), and the secondary electron, characteristic X-ray and the backscattered electron that inspire by detecting ESEM are used for analyzing the surface topography of part, the element kind of material and content, carrying out facies analysis and obtain interface (crystal boundary) parameter and detect plastic strain respectively; Mass spectrometer is used for separation and detection isotope, analyzes the composition of part further; X-ray diffractometer is used for the crystal structure of Accurate Measurement part and stress, carries out material phase analysis; Infrared video camera is used for obtaining temperature field and the geometrical morphology of molten bath and neighbour.Electron beam, ion beam and real-time monitoring system define a closed-loop system, thus can the harmony of effectively controlled working and detection.
In equipment of the present invention, electron gun, ion gun and real-time monitoring system are arranged in vacuum environment, can be implemented in processing and the motion required for detection, raw material and processing parts are carried by workbench, and workbench can realize three-dimensional motion, and workbench inside is provided with fluid pipeline, interior cold liquid (water is housed, liquid nitrogen etc.), manufacture process is carried out in vacuum plant, for electron beam and ion beam rapid shaping and Real-Time Monitoring provide good vacuum processing environment.
Quick forming fabri-cation method of the present invention, main working process is:
(1) on workbench, transmit and preheating (temperature and time of preheating depends on the character of the material of use) after the raw material of laying depth certain (setting of thickness determines the requirement of precision according to part);
(2) electron beam is used to carry out selective scanning sintering, use the surface topography of scan electrode and X-ray diffractometer testing product, chemical composition and phase structure subsequently, by result feedback to control centre, the quick forming fabri-cation technological parameter (comprising cooling rate) that adjustment is relevant, then uses ion beam carry out retrofit in type specific region and optionally cool part if necessary;
Workbench moves down certain distance, continues supply metal material, repeats said process until complete the quick forming fabri-cation of part.
According to the requirement of product, not above all detection meanss and heating cooling way all need to use simultaneously, but these equipments and means make native system have versatility, pointwise is realized to workpiece and controls, realize the On-line Control of any yardstick shape composition and microstructure.
The present invention proposes a kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique and utilize it to prepare the method for part, described equipment mainly comprises electron beam device, ion beam apparatus, real-time monitoring system, electron beam carries out scanning sintering to metal material, real-time monitoring system carries out the real-time course of processing and the pattern of part, the Measurement and analysis of microstructure and composition also feeds back to control system, then start ion beam apparatus if needed and carry out further fine finishining, electron beam, ion beam and real-time monitoring system define a closed-loop system, thus can the harmony of effectively controlled working and detection.Present invention achieves the rapid shaping of complex parts and the Precision Machining of microstructure, use monitoring in real time to improve the control ability of part microstructure and quality, for the part of manufacture high strength, high accuracy, labyrinth provides a kind of new equipment and method.
A kind of real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation equipment based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique, described quick forming fabri-cation equipment comprises electron beam device, ion beam apparatus, real-time monitoring system, charging and laying device, workbench, vacuum chamber, control system etc., it is characterized in that:
Described electron beam device is used for carrying out selective sintering fusing to metal material; Described ion beam apparatus is used for carrying out retrofit to the device of electron beam quick forming fabri-cation; Described real-time monitoring system comprises ESEM, X-ray diffractometer, mass spectrometer and infrared video camera etc., is used for carrying out the Measurement and analysis of real-time pattern, temperature, composition and microstructure and feeds back to control system; Described workbench is for carrying raw material, processing and cooling part;
Described electron beam, ion beam and real-time monitoring system define a closed-loop system;
Within the focal diameter of described electron beam device can reach 0.1um;
The focal diameter of described ion beam apparatus can reach below 10nm;
Described all devices work all under vacuum conditions;
Described raw material can be metal material, polymer, pottery, composite material etc.;
Described raw-material form can be metal wire, metal dust, ceramic size, polymer gel etc.
Described ESEM is integrated with secondary electron, backscattered electron checkout equipment and energy disperse spectroscopy;
Liquid communication pipeline is manufactured with in described workbench, can the liquid that part is cooled such as water flowing, liquid nitrogen;
Utilize the above-mentioned Real-Time Monitoring quick forming fabri-cation equipment based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique to prepare a method for part, its workflow is:
On workbench, after transmitting the raw material that also laying depth is certain, carry out preheating;
Electron beam is used to carry out selective scanning sintering, use real-time monitoring system to detect the surface topography of the course of processing and product, chemical composition and phase structure simultaneously, by result feedback to control centre, the quick forming fabri-cation technological parameter that adjustment is relevant, then uses ion beam to carry out retrofit in type specific region if necessary and optionally uses cooling way to cool part;
Workbench moves down certain distance, continues supplying material, repeats said process until complete the quick forming fabri-cation of part.
Described detection means and heating cooling way can use simultaneously, also only can use a part, depend on the requirement of converted products.
Electron beam is combined with ion beam technology, just can takes into account machining accuracy and processing cost.
The present invention is by accurately controlling intensity and the focal diameter of electron beam and ion beam, achieve the rapid shaping of complex parts and the retrofit of microstructure, real time and on line monitoring system is used to carry out the control ability that detection and control improves part microstructure and quality, for the part of manufacture high strength, high finished product rate, high conforming labyrinth provides a kind of new common apparatus and method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is quick forming fabri-cation equipment schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is quick forming fabri-cation method workflow schematic diagram of the present invention,
Wherein, 100-vacuum chamber, 101-can the workbench of three-dimensional movement, 102-part, 106-ion beam apparatus, 107-electron beam equipment, 108-charging and laying device, 109-cooling fluid circulation duct, 110 real time monitoring apparatus, 113-ESEM system, 114-X x ray diffractometer x, 115-infrared video camera, 116-mass spectrometer, 120-rapid molding device, 130-control and display system.
embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is quick forming fabri-cation equipment schematic diagram of the present invention.
A kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique, comprise vacuum chamber 100 and control and display system 130, be provided with in described vacuum chamber 100 can the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement, charging and laying device 108, rapid molding device 120 and real time monitoring apparatus 110; Describedly can be provided with cooling fluid circulation duct 109 in the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement; Described rapid molding device 120 is electron beam equipment 107; Described vacuum chamber 100, can the workbench 101 of three-dimensional movement, charging to be all connected with display system 130 with the control outside vacuum chamber 100 with real time monitoring apparatus 110 with laying device 108, rapid molding device 120.
Described rapid molding device 120 also comprises the ion beam apparatus 106 integrated with electron beam equipment 107, and electron beam equipment 107 and ion beam apparatus 106 can move simultaneously.
The mode of operation of described electron beam device is continous way, pulsed or high frequency sweep formula.
Described real-time monitoring system 110 comprises one or more in ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115, mass spectrometer 116.
Described real-time monitoring system 110 comprises ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115 and mass spectrometer 116.
Described ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115 and mass spectrometer 116 integrate.
Described ESEM system comprises secondary electron probe, energy disperse spectroscopy and back scattering probe.
Described cooling fluid is water or liquid nitrogen.
Integrated rapid forming equipment mainly comprises five parts: vacuum chamber 100, workbench 101, charging and laying device 108, rapid molding device 120, real-time monitoring system 110.Be manufactured with liquid communication pipeline 109 in workbench 101, interior logical liquid is used for cooling part 102; Charging and laying device 108 can be used for laying raw material; Rapid molding device 120 is made up of electron beam equipment 107 and ion beam 106 equipment; Real-time monitoring system 110 comprises ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 1134, infrared video camera 115 and mass spectrometer 116.All devices is all positioned in vacuum chamber 100, and is connected with the control system of outside.
Fig. 2 is quick forming fabri-cation method workflow schematic diagram of the present invention, the technological process of the present embodiment is: use after charging and laying device 108 load raw material on workbench 101, first carry out scanning by electron beam equipment 107 pairs of materials and sinter fusing and solidification, real-time monitoring system 110 following closely carries out detection and analyzes and feed back to control system, as need fine finishining be carried out, then start ion beam apparatus 106 pairs of specific regions and carry out processing simultaneously detecting, repetition said process is until the size of part and precision stop after reaching requirement.Described part is mould, transducer, metal parts or ceramic part.
Claims (10)
1., based on an equipment for the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation of electron beam and ion beam complex technique, it is characterized in that comprising vacuum chamber (100) and controlling and display system (130); Be provided with in described vacuum chamber (100) can the workbench (101) of three-dimensional movement, charging and laying device (108), rapid molding device (120) and real time monitoring apparatus (110); Describedly can be provided with cooling fluid circulation duct (109) in the workbench (101) of three-dimensional movement; Described rapid molding device (120) is electron beam equipment (107); Described vacuum chamber (100), can the workbench (101) of three-dimensional movement, charging to be all connected with display system (130) with vacuum chamber (100) control outward with laying device (108), rapid molding device (120) and real time monitoring apparatus (110).
2. the equipment of a kind of real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rapid molding device (120) also comprises the ion beam apparatus (106) integrated with electron beam equipment (107), electron beam equipment (107) and ion beam apparatus (106) can move simultaneously.
3. a kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the mode of operation of described electron beam equipment is continous way, pulsed or high frequency sweep formula; Described real-time monitoring system 110 comprises one or more in ESEM system 113, X-ray diffractometer 114, infrared video camera 115, mass spectrometer 116.
4. the equipment of a kind of real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described real-time monitoring system (110) comprises ESEM system (113), X-ray diffractometer (114), infrared video camera (115) and mass spectrometer (116).
5. the equipment of a kind of real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described ESEM system (113), X-ray diffractometer (114), infrared video camera (115) and mass spectrometer (116) integrate.
6. a kind of equipment of the real-time monitoring quick forming fabri-cation based on electron beam and ion beam complex technique according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: described ESEM system (113) comprises secondary electron probe, energy disperse spectroscopy and back scattering probe; Described cooling fluid is water or liquid nitrogen.
7. utilize equipment described in any one of claim 1-6 to prepare a method for part, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) charging and laying device is utilized to transmit on workbench and lay raw material, preheating;
(2) unlocking electronic bundle device, selective scanning sintering is carried out to the raw material after step (1) preheating, open real-time monitoring system to monitor the surface topography of product, chemical composition and phase structure, and measurement result is fed back to control and display system, adjustment quick forming fabri-cation technological parameter;
(3) workbench is moved down, then repeatedly repeat step (1) and (2) successively until complete the quick forming fabri-cation of part.
8. prepare the method for part according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: be further comprising the steps of in described step (2): use ion beam carry out retrofit to the in type region not reaching part processing precision requirement and optionally cool part.
9. according to claim 7 or 8, prepare the method for part, it is characterized in that: described part is metal parts, polymer parts, ceramic part or composite material parts.
10. prepare the method for part according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described raw material are metal material, polymer, pottery or composite material; Described metal material is metal wire or metal dust, and described pottery is ceramic size, and described polymer is polymer gel.
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CN105904079A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-08-31 | 桂林狮达机电技术工程有限公司 | Wire-feeding type electron beam material-increasing manufacturing equipment and operating method thereof |
CN106918834A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-04 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | The accurate measurement method of sweep trace of electron beam |
CN109465531A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-15 | 清华大学 | A kind of electron beam fuse deposition increasing material manufacturing real-time monitoring system |
CN110337339A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-10-15 | 波宾股份有限及两合公司 | For processing the electron beam equipment and method of dusty material |
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