CN104900131A - Experiment method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in drilling process - Google Patents
Experiment method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104900131A CN104900131A CN201510192727.9A CN201510192727A CN104900131A CN 104900131 A CN104900131 A CN 104900131A CN 201510192727 A CN201510192727 A CN 201510192727A CN 104900131 A CN104900131 A CN 104900131A
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
Abstract
The invention relates to an experiment method for simulating formation fluid overflow and lost circulation in the drilling process. According to the technical scheme, firstly, an experiment device is assembled; secondly, a drilling fluid direct circulation experiment method is carried out; thirdly, a gas overflow process experiment method is conducted; fourthly, a formation fluid-phase fluid experiment method is adopted; and fifthly, a gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment method is used. The experiment method has the beneficial effects that flow pattern changes in the gas overflow process and in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow process can be observed; pithead oil pressure and casing pressure changes under the three overflow situations and the lost circulation situation in the well shut-in process and in the direct circulation process can be observed; learning initiative of students can be stimulated; the students have direct and visual understanding about the shaft intrusion and lost circulation process of formation fluid; and understanding and mastering of the students about parameter changes during formation fluid overflow and lost circulation are deepened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil and gas development experimental technique, particularly a kind of experimental technique of simulating resident fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process.
Background technology
Adopt various measures always all make every effort to avoid although leakage, overflow blowout and blowout out of control are petroleum industries, as long as history identity exploitation oil, this type of accident just can not be stopped.Because this type of accident harm is huge, drilling well production unit all can be paid much attention to, therefore student does not reach, can not see yet this type of accident in drilling well production practice process, lacks the deep understanding of the correlation theories knowledge of overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage and grasp.The domestic and international knowledge to the overflow in drilling process, well kick, blowout, leakage is only carry out theory explaination at present, lacks relevant simulation teching experimental technique, and student understands not deep enough.
Chinese patent literature number is 102418509A, discloses " in a kind of managed pressure drilling studio pilot system and method ", can complete the shop experiment to managed pressure drilling throttle manifold and acquisition control system.Pilot system comprises drilling well ground and injects simulation system, drill string simulation system, stratum simulation system, annular space simulation system and controlled pressure back pressure system.Pilot system can be simulated vertical pressure, casing pressure, bottomhole wellbore pressure, drill string and annulus pressure and loses and circulation in drilling process, make up a joint, miss and the various situations of well kick.Its Problems existing is, is not be exclusively used in the simulations such as overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage, so, overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage etc. can not be understood to student and play very good effect.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly in view of the foregoing defects the prior art has, a kind of experimental technique of simulating resident fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process is provided, regulate the relation of the bottomhole wellbore pressure in pit shaft, formation fluid pressure by experiment in process, have one to be clearly familiar with to the overflow in drilling process, well kick, blowout and leakage.
A kind of experimental technique of simulating resident fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process that the present invention mentions, comprises the following steps:
First, assembling experimental facilities, described experimental facilities comprises organic glass inner tube (1), organic glass outer tube (2), interior electric rotating machine (3), drilling fluid volume pump (7), drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8), gas meter (16), air compressor (17), air and liquid mixer (18), resident fluid flowmeter (20), formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21), gas-liquid separator (25), computing machine (26), pipe (1) in described organic glass, organic glass outer tube (2) composition Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline and bottom are connected to drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8) and formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21) respectively by pipeline, form multiple circulation line,
Secondly, drilling fluid normal circulation experimental technique is that drilling fluid flows out from drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8), through drilling fluid volume pump (7), flowmeter (6), pressure gauge (5), 3rd pressure control valve (12), second pressure control valve (11), vertical-fracture meter (14), pit shaft is entered by pipeline, then through interior electric rotating machine (3), ball-and-seat (4), pipe (1) in organic glass, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space flows out pit shaft, again through casing pressure table (31), , 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline, gas-liquid separator (25), valve, pipeline enters drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8),
3rd, gas overflow process protocol keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open air compressor (17), adjustment pressure control valve (29) size, observe gas line pressure table (15), when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), gas is through air and liquid mixer (18), organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form gas overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line,
4th, formation fluid phase fluid experimental technique keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, close the 5th pressure control valve (29), open stratum liquid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21), formation fluid phase fluid volume pump (28), adjust the 6th pressure control valve (30) size, observe stratum liquid phase fluid line pressure table (19), when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), formation fluid phase fluid is through air and liquid mixer (18), organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form the overflow of formation fluid phase fluid, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8) is flow to through return line,
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, when keeping gas line pressure table (15) to be greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), tuning up the 5th pressure control valve (29), just can simulate the gas overflow in various inlet amount situation, well kick, blowout;
In formation fluid phase fluid simulating overflow process, when retentively layer fluid line pressure table (19) is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), tune up the 6th pressure control valve (30), just can simulate the liquid phase overflow in different liquid phase flow intrusion situation, well kick, blowout.
Preferably, experimental facilities of the present invention can realize gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment, its method keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open the 5th pressure control valve (29) simultaneously, 6th pressure control valve (30) also adjusts size, observe vapor phase stream gauge (16), gas line pressure table (15), liquid phase stream gauge (20), resident fluid line pressure table (19), when gas line pressure table (15), when resident fluid line pressure meter (19) sum is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), after air and liquid mixer (18) mixing, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line.
Preferred further, in gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow process, when maintenance gas line pressure table (15), resident fluid line pressure table (19) sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), keep the 5th pressure control valve (29) constant, tune up the 6th pressure control valve (30); Or when maintenance gas line pressure table (15), resident fluid line pressure table (19) sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), keep the 6th pressure control valve (30) constant, tune up the 5th pressure control valve (29), in two kinds of situations can overflow in simulated formation fluid in different gas-liquid mixed ratio situation, well kick, blowout.
Further preferred, experimental facilities can realize leakage simulated experiment, in leakage simulation process, keep drilling fluid normal circulation, openly layer fluid hold-up vessel (21), resident fluid volume pump (28), adjustment pressure size, observation place layer fluid line pressure table (19), when equaling bottomhole wellbore pressure table (36), open valve (35), and circulation of drilling fluid line pressure operation valve (23), the 5th pressure control valve (29) are tuned up, at this moment drilling fluid will enter formation fluid phase fluid flow pipeline, forms leakage.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the method is simple to operation, the enthusiasm of Students ' Learning can be excited, deepen student to the understanding of overflow in drilling process, well kick, blowout, leakage knowledge and grasp.By the relation between effective control well bottom pressure, formation fluid pressure, effectively simulate circulation of drilling fluid, gas overflow, liquid flooding, gas-liquid two-phase overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage seven kinds of operating modes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
In upper figure: pipe 1 in organic glass, organic glass outer tube 2, interior electric rotating machine 3, ball-and-seat 4, circulation of drilling fluid line pressure meter 5, drilling fluid flowing indicator 6, drilling fluid volume pump 7, drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8, drilling fluid dyeing apparatus 9, vertical-fracture meter 14, gas line pressure meter 15, gas meter 16, air compressor 17, air and liquid mixer 18, resident fluid line pressure meter 19, resident fluid flowmeter 20, formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel 21, formation fluid phase fluid dyeing apparatus 22, bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, valve 24, gas-liquid separator 25, computing machine 26, control rack 27, drilling fluid volume pump 28, first pressure control valve 10, second pressure control valve 11, 3rd pressure control valve 12, 4th pressure control valve 13, 5th pressure control valve 29, 6th pressure control valve 30, casing pressure table 31.
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings 1, the invention will be further described:
A kind of experimental technique of simulating resident fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process that the present invention mentions, comprises the following steps:
First, assembling experimental facilities, described experimental facilities comprises organic glass inner tube 1, organic glass outer tube 2, interior electric rotating machine 3, drilling fluid volume pump 7, drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8, gas meter 16, air compressor 17, air and liquid mixer 18, resident fluid flowmeter 20, formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel 21, gas-liquid separator 25, computing machine 26, pipe 1 in described organic glass, organic glass outer tube 2 forms Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline and bottom are connected to drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8 and formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel 21 respectively by pipeline, form multiple circulation line,
Secondly, drilling fluid normal circulation experimental technique is that drilling fluid flows out from drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8, through drilling fluid volume pump 7, flowmeter 6, pressure gauge 5, the 3rd pressure control valve 12, second pressure control valve 11, vertical-fracture meter 14, pit shaft is entered by pipeline, then in interior electric rotating machine 3, ball-and-seat 4, organic glass, pipe 1, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space flow out pit shaft, then through casing pressure table 31, the 4th pressure control valve 13, pipeline, gas-liquid separator 25, valve, pipeline enter drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8;
3rd, gas overflow process protocol keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open air compressor 17, adjustment pressure control valve 29 size, observe gas line pressure table 15, when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, open valve 24, gas, through air and liquid mixer 18, enters organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space by pipeline, forms gas overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid enters gas-liquid separator 25 through casing pressure table 31, the 4th pressure control valve 13, pipeline, after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, and liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line;
4th, formation fluid phase fluid experimental technique keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, close the 5th pressure control valve 29, open stratum liquid phase fluid hold-up vessel 21, formation fluid phase fluid volume pump 28, adjust the 6th pressure control valve 30 size, observe stratum liquid phase fluid line pressure table 19, when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, open valve 24, formation fluid phase fluid is through air and liquid mixer 18, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form the overflow of formation fluid phase fluid, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table 31, 4th pressure control valve 13, pipeline enters gas-liquid separator 25, drilling fluid hold-up vessel 8 is flow to through return line,
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, when keeping gas line pressure table 15 to be greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, tuning up the 5th pressure control valve 29, just can simulate the gas overflow in various inlet amount situation, well kick, blowout;
In formation fluid phase fluid simulating overflow process, when retentively layer fluid line pressure table 19 is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, tune up the 6th pressure control valve 30, just can simulate the liquid phase overflow in different liquid phase flow intrusion situation, well kick, blowout.
Preferably, experimental facilities of the present invention can realize gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment, its method keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open the 5th pressure control valve 29 simultaneously, 6th pressure control valve 30 also adjusts size, observe vapor phase stream gauge 16, gas line pressure table 15, liquid phase stream gauge 20, resident fluid line pressure table 19, when gas line pressure table 15, when resident fluid line pressure meter 19 sum is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, open valve 24, after air and liquid mixer 18 mixes, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table 31, 4th pressure control valve 13, pipeline enters gas-liquid separator 25, after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line.
Preferred further, in gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow process, when maintenance gas line pressure table 15, resident fluid line pressure table 19 sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, keep the 5th pressure control valve 29 constant, tune up the 6th pressure control valve 30; Or when maintenance gas line pressure table 15, resident fluid line pressure table 19 sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table 23, keep the 6th pressure control valve 30 constant, to tune up in the 5th pressure control valve 29, two kinds of situations can overflow in simulated formation fluid in different gas-liquid mixed ratio situation, well kick, blowout.
Further preferred, experimental facilities can realize leakage simulated experiment, in leakage simulation process, keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, openly layer fluid hold-up vessel 21, resident fluid volume pump 28, adjustment pressure size, observation place layer fluid line pressure table 19, when equaling bottomhole wellbore pressure table 36, open valve 35, and circulation of drilling fluid line pressure operation valve the 23, the 5th pressure control valve 29 is tuned up, at this moment drilling fluid will enter formation fluid phase fluid flow pipeline, forms leakage.
Claims (4)
1. simulate an experimental technique for resident fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
First, assembling experimental facilities, described experimental facilities comprises organic glass inner tube (1), organic glass outer tube (2), interior electric rotating machine (3), drilling fluid volume pump (7), drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8), gas meter (16), air compressor (17), air and liquid mixer (18), resident fluid flowmeter (20), formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21), gas-liquid separator (25), computing machine (26), pipe (1) in described organic glass, organic glass outer tube (2) composition Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline and bottom are connected to drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8) and formation fluid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21) respectively by pipeline, form multiple circulation line,
Secondly, drilling fluid normal circulation experimental technique is that drilling fluid flows out from drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8), through drilling fluid volume pump (7), flowmeter (6), pressure gauge (5), 3rd pressure control valve (12), second pressure control valve (11), vertical-fracture meter (14), pit shaft is entered by pipeline, then through interior electric rotating machine (3), ball-and-seat (4), pipe (1) in organic glass, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space flows out pit shaft, again through casing pressure table (31), , 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline, gas-liquid separator (25), valve, pipeline enters drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8),
3rd, gas overflow process protocol keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open air compressor (17), adjustment pressure control valve (29) size, observe gas line pressure table (15), when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), gas is through air and liquid mixer (18), organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form gas overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line,
4th, formation fluid phase fluid experimental technique keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, close the 5th pressure control valve (29), open stratum liquid phase fluid hold-up vessel (21), formation fluid phase fluid volume pump (28), adjust the 6th pressure control valve (30) size, observe stratum liquid phase fluid line pressure table (19), when being greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), formation fluid phase fluid is through air and liquid mixer (18), organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form the overflow of formation fluid phase fluid, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), drilling fluid hold-up vessel (8) is flow to through return line,
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, when keeping gas line pressure table (15) to be greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), tuning up the 5th pressure control valve (29), just can simulate the gas overflow in various inlet amount situation, well kick, blowout;
In formation fluid phase fluid simulating overflow process, when retentively layer fluid line pressure table (19) is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), tune up the 6th pressure control valve (30), just can simulate the liquid phase overflow in different liquid phase flow intrusion situation, well kick, blowout.
2. the experimental technique of resident fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experimental facilities can realize gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experiment, its method keeps drilling fluid normal circulation, open the 5th pressure control valve (29) simultaneously, 6th pressure control valve (30) also adjusts size, observe vapor phase stream gauge (16), gas line pressure table (15), liquid phase stream gauge (20), resident fluid line pressure table (19), when gas line pressure table (15), when resident fluid line pressure meter (19) sum is greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), open valve (24), after air and liquid mixer (18) mixing, organic glass inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, form gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table (31), 4th pressure control valve (13), pipeline enters gas-liquid separator (25), after being separated, gas is directly discharged in air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid hold-up vessel through return line.
3. the experimental technique of resident fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow process, when maintenance gas line pressure table (15), resident fluid line pressure table (19) sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), keep the 5th pressure control valve (29) constant, tune up the 6th pressure control valve (30); Or when maintenance gas line pressure table (15), resident fluid line pressure table (19) sum are greater than bottomhole wellbore pressure table (23), keep the 6th pressure control valve (30) constant, tune up the 5th pressure control valve (29), in two kinds of situations can overflow in simulated formation fluid in different gas-liquid mixed ratio situation, well kick, blowout.
4. the experimental technique of resident fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described experimental facilities can realize leakage simulated experiment, in leakage simulation process, keep drilling fluid normal circulation, openly layer fluid hold-up vessel (21), resident fluid volume pump (28), adjustment pressure size, observation place layer fluid line pressure table (19), when equaling bottomhole wellbore pressure table (36), open valve (35), and circulation of drilling fluid line pressure operation valve (23), 5th pressure control valve (29) tunes up, at this moment drilling fluid will enter formation fluid phase fluid flow pipeline, form leakage.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105735966A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Coal-bed gas well shaft drainage gas recovery coal dust migration simulation device and simulation method |
| CN110146424A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The simulator and method of stratum cell breath |
| CN111028648A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Deep water drilling deep gas invasion simulation test system and method |
| CN112576936A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 上海睿耳海洋工程技术有限公司 | Test system and method for simulating leakage of high-pressure pipeline |
| CN114541991A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilling overflow experiment simulation device |
| CN115219321A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-21 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for testing wellbore pressure under jetting and leakage coexisting working conditions |
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| CN110146424A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The simulator and method of stratum cell breath |
| CN112576936A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 上海睿耳海洋工程技术有限公司 | Test system and method for simulating leakage of high-pressure pipeline |
| CN111028648A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Deep water drilling deep gas invasion simulation test system and method |
| CN114541991A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilling overflow experiment simulation device |
| CN114541991B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilling overflow experiment simulation device |
| CN115219321A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-21 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for testing wellbore pressure under jetting and leakage coexisting working conditions |
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