CN104880336A - Bottom-water layered water-gathering device - Google Patents
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种水样采集器，具体涉及底层水分层采水装置。 The invention relates to a water sample collector, in particular to a bottom layer water collection device.
背景技术 Background technique
水体采样工作是水环境科学研究和水环境保护及管理工作的重要内容，对于不同深度水样的采集是顺利开展各项研究工作的前提和基础。水域水体受物质、水流、温度等因素影响会产生分层效应，不同水层的水文、物理、化学、生物等信息是不同的，采集分析处于不同层位水体的差异，是环境科学、海洋科学等学科不可或缺的内容，其广泛应用于水域生态环境评价、污染事故调查等实用领域。 Water body sampling is an important part of water environment scientific research and water environment protection and management. The collection of water samples at different depths is the premise and basis for the smooth development of various research work. The water body in the water area is affected by factors such as material, water flow, and temperature, and there will be a stratification effect. The hydrological, physical, chemical, and biological information of different water layers is different. Collecting and analyzing the differences in water bodies at different layers is a key step in environmental science and marine science. It is widely used in practical fields such as water ecological environment assessment and pollution accident investigation.
目前的采水器多为定深采水器，即通过绳索将采水器下放到特定深度的水层，然后通过采水器对该深度的水层进行水样采集；但在采水过程中，由于操作人员对各海域的具体海水深度难以确定；这导致目前这类定深采水器在采集海底水样时操作不便，难以准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 Most of the current water sampling devices are fixed-depth water sampling devices, that is, the water sampling device is lowered to a water layer at a specific depth by a rope, and then the water sample is collected by the water sampling device at the depth; but in the process of water collection , because it is difficult for the operator to determine the specific seawater depth of each sea area; this makes it inconvenient to use this type of depth-fixed water sampling device when collecting seabed water samples, and it is difficult to accurately collect water samples within a specific distance above the seabed.
例如，中国专利公开号CN202869850U，公开日2013年4月10日，发明创造的名称为电动控制闭合的采水器，其中支架安设在采水容器上，联动轴可上下滑动插设在支架中，触发件安设在联动轴或上密封盖夹持部件上，牵引电磁铁可上下移动安装在支架上并与触发件配合设置用于向上移动时带动触发件向上移动，电源通过开关电路连接牵引电磁铁，上密封盖夹持部件位于支架和采水容器之间并安设在联动轴上，上密封盖与采水容器的上部连接并夹持在上密封盖夹持部件中，下密封盖与采水容器的下部连接并和上密封盖联动设置，上下密封盖分别趋向于盖设在采水容器的上下部。该申请案同样是通过吊绳将采水器深度的水层，然后通过采水器对该深度的水层进行水样采集；其在采集海底水样时同样存在操作不便，难以准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN202869850U, published on April 10, 2013, is an electric control closed water collection device, in which the bracket is installed on the water collection container, and the linkage shaft can slide up and down and be inserted into the bracket. , the trigger is installed on the linkage shaft or the clamping part of the upper sealing cover, the traction electromagnet can move up and down and is installed on the bracket and is set in cooperation with the trigger to drive the trigger to move upward when moving upward, and the power supply is connected to the traction through the switch circuit The electromagnet, the clamping part of the upper sealing cover is located between the bracket and the water collection container and is installed on the linkage shaft, the upper sealing cover is connected with the upper part of the water collection container and clamped in the clamping part of the upper sealing cover, the lower sealing cover It is connected with the lower part of the water collection container and set in linkage with the upper sealing cover, and the upper and lower sealing covers tend to cover the upper and lower parts of the water collection container respectively. This application also collects the water layer at the depth of the water collector through the sling, and then collects water samples at the depth of the water layer through the water collector; it also has inconvenient operation when collecting seabed water samples, and it is difficult to accurately collect Water samples within a specified distance above.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的定深采水器在采集海底水样时操作不便，难以准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样的问题，提供一种能够方便、准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样的底层水分层采水装置。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the inconvenient operation of the fixed-depth water sampling device in the prior art when collecting seabed water samples, and it is difficult to accurately collect water samples within a specific distance above the seabed, and to provide a convenient and accurate collection method. Bottom water stratified water harvesting device for water samples within a specified distance above the seabed.
本发明的技术方案是： Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种底层水分层采水装置，包括释放装置，触发装置，沉降配重及若干个水样采集器；所述释放装置包括上端开口、下端封闭的竖直缸体，设置在竖直缸体上部的隔板，设置在隔板中部的竖直导向孔，可滑动设置在竖直缸体内、并位于隔板下方的升降活塞，设置在竖直缸体上方、并可抵靠在竖直缸体上端面上的平压板及连接升降活塞与平压板的顶杆，顶杆穿过竖直导向孔，且竖直导向孔内侧面上、位于竖直导向孔与顶杆之间设有第一密封圈；所述竖直缸体外侧面上部设有环形支撑底板，环形支撑平板外边缘设有往上延伸的环形侧挡板；所述隔板下方的竖直缸体内腔为密闭腔体；所述竖直缸体的下端面上设有第一通孔，竖直缸体的上端开口边缘设有若干穿线缺口；所述沉降配重通过第一连接绳悬挂在竖直缸体下方； A layered water harvesting device for bottom water, comprising a release device, a trigger device, a settling weight and several water sample collectors; the release device includes a vertical cylinder with an open upper end and a closed lower end, which is arranged on the The upper partition, the vertical guide hole arranged in the middle of the partition, can be slidably arranged in the vertical cylinder body, and the lifting piston located below the partition board is arranged above the vertical cylinder body and can lean against the vertical cylinder. The flat pressing plate on the upper end surface of the cylinder body and the ejector rod connecting the lifting piston and the flat pressing plate, the ejector rod passes through the vertical guide hole, and the inner side of the vertical guide hole is located between the vertical guide hole and the ejector rod. A sealing ring; the upper part of the outer side of the vertical cylinder is provided with an annular support base plate, and the outer edge of the annular support plate is provided with an upwardly extending annular side baffle; the inner cavity of the vertical cylinder below the partition is a closed cavity body; the lower end surface of the vertical cylinder is provided with a first through hole, and the upper opening edge of the vertical cylinder is provided with several threading gaps; the settling counterweight is suspended below the vertical cylinder through the first connecting rope ;
所述触发装置包括竖直设置在竖直缸体侧面下部的触发缸体，可滑动设置在触发缸体内的上活塞体及下活塞体，连接上、下活塞体的第一连杆，设置在触发缸体的下端面中部的第二通孔，设置在下活塞体下端面上、并往下穿过第二通孔的第二连杆及位于触发缸体下方的触发配重；所述触发缸体内侧面上设有上限位凸块及下限位凸块，且上限位凸块位于上活塞体上方，下限位凸块位于下活塞体下方；所述第二连杆上、位于下活塞体与触发缸体下端之间设有第一压缩弹簧，所述触发缸体外侧面设有第三通孔及第四通孔，第四通孔位于上限位凸块上方，第三通孔位于上、下限位凸块之间，并且当下活塞体抵靠在下限位凸块上时第三通孔位于上、下活塞体之间，当上活塞体抵靠在上限位凸块上时第三通孔位于下活塞体下方；所述触发配重通过第二连接绳与下活塞体相连接，并且该触发配重可使下活塞体往下移动并抵靠在下限位凸块上；所述触发配重位于沉降配重的下方；所述第一通孔与第二通孔之间通过连接管密封连接； The triggering device includes a triggering cylinder vertically arranged at the lower part of the side of the vertical cylinder, an upper piston body and a lower piston body slidably arranged in the triggering cylinder body, a first connecting rod connecting the upper and lower piston bodies, and setting The second through hole in the middle part of the lower end surface of the trigger cylinder is arranged on the lower end surface of the lower piston body and passes down the second connecting rod through the second through hole and the trigger counterweight located below the trigger cylinder; the trigger An upper limit bump and a lower limit bump are arranged on the side of the cylinder body, and the upper limit bump is located above the upper piston body, and the lower limit bump is located below the lower piston body; the second connecting rod is located on the lower piston body. A first compression spring is provided between the trigger cylinder and the lower end of the trigger cylinder, and the outer surface of the trigger cylinder is provided with a third through hole and a fourth through hole, the fourth through hole is located above the upper limit bump, and the third through hole is located on the upper , between the lower limit bumps, and the third through hole is located between the upper and lower piston bodies when the lower piston body is against the lower limit bump, and the third through hole is located when the upper piston body is against the upper limit bump. The hole is located below the lower piston body; the trigger counterweight is connected with the lower piston body through a second connecting rope, and the trigger counterweight can make the lower piston body move down and lean against the lower limit projection; the trigger counterweight The counterweight is located below the settling counterweight; the first through hole and the second through hole are sealed and connected through a connecting pipe;
所述水样采集器包括第三连接绳，两端封闭的采集筒，设置在采集筒两端的导向通孔，可滑动设置在导向通孔内的滑动轴杆，通过第四连接绳与采集筒连接的限位球，设置在采集筒上的解锁装置及浮力体，并且浮力体的浮力大于水样采集器的重力；所述第四连接绳的长度小于第三连接绳的长度； The water sample collector includes a third connecting rope, a collection tube with both ends closed, guiding through holes arranged at both ends of the collecting tube, a sliding shaft that can be slidably arranged in the guiding through hole, and the fourth connecting rope and the collecting tube The connected limit ball, the unlocking device and the buoyancy body arranged on the collection tube, and the buoyancy of the buoyancy body is greater than the gravity of the water sample collector; the length of the fourth connection rope is less than the length of the third connection rope;
所述滑动轴杆穿过采集筒两端的导向通孔，且导向通孔内侧面上、位于导向通孔与滑动轴杆之间设有第二密封圈，滑动轴杆中部、位于采集筒内设有环形凸块，滑动轴杆外侧面上设有沿滑动轴杆轴向延伸的进水槽，且进水槽的长度大于导向通孔的长度；所述滑动轴杆上、位于环形凸块与采集筒一端之间套设有第三压缩弹簧，所述第三压缩弹簧与进水槽位于环形凸块的相对两侧； The sliding shaft passes through the guide through holes at both ends of the collection tube, and a second sealing ring is provided on the inner side of the guide through hole between the guide through hole and the sliding shaft, and the middle part of the sliding shaft is located in the collection tube. There is an annular protrusion, and a water inlet groove extending axially along the sliding shaft is provided on the outer surface of the sliding shaft, and the length of the water inlet groove is greater than the length of the guide through hole; the sliding shaft is located on the annular protrusion and the collection tube A third compression spring is sleeved between one end, and the third compression spring and the water inlet groove are located on opposite sides of the annular protrusion;
所述解锁装置包括设置在采集筒外侧面中部，并与采集筒相垂直的解锁缸体，可滑动设置在解锁缸体内的推移活塞，设置在推移活塞一端的解锁档杆及设置在推移活塞另一端的活塞杆，所述解锁档杆与采集筒位于推移活塞的同一侧，所述活塞杆穿过解锁缸体端部、位于解锁缸体外侧，所述活塞杆上套设有可使推移活塞往采集筒方向推移的第二压缩弹簧；解锁档杆的端部穿过采集筒侧壁、位于采集筒内腔内，并且解锁档杆的端部伸入至环形凸块端面的内侧；当环形凸块及第三压缩弹簧移动至解锁档杆同一侧时，所述进水槽位于采集筒内侧；所述第三连接绳位于环形支撑底板上，第三连接绳的一端固定在环形支撑底板或环形侧挡板上，另一端与活塞杆的端部相连接。 The unlocking device includes an unlocking cylinder arranged in the middle of the outer surface of the collection tube and perpendicular to the collection tube, a push piston that can be slidably arranged in the unlock cylinder, an unlocking lever arranged at one end of the push piston, and an unlocking lever arranged at one end of the push piston. The piston rod at the other end, the unlocking gear rod and the collection tube are located on the same side of the pushing piston, the piston rod passes through the end of the unlocking cylinder and is located outside the unlocking cylinder, and the piston rod is sleeved with a device that can be pushed The second compression spring that the piston pushes toward the collection tube; the end of the unlocking lever passes through the side wall of the collecting tube and is located in the inner cavity of the collecting tube, and the end of the unlocking lever extends into the inner side of the end face of the annular protrusion; When the annular protrusion and the third compression spring move to the same side of the unlocking gear lever, the water inlet tank is located inside the collection tube; the third connecting rope is located on the annular supporting base, and one end of the third connecting rope is fixed on the annular supporting base or On the annular side baffle, the other end is connected with the end of the piston rod.
本方案的底层水分层采水装置能够方便、准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 The layered water collection device for bottom water of the present scheme can conveniently and accurately collect water samples within a specific distance above the seabed.
作为优选，水样采集器还包括设置在环形支撑底板上表面上的竖直绕线杆，水样采集器的第三连接绳缠绕在竖直绕线杆上。本方案结构可避免各水样采集器的第三连接绳相互缠绕，而影响海底水采样设备的正常使用。 Preferably, the water sample collector further includes a vertical winding rod arranged on the upper surface of the annular support base plate, and the third connecting rope of the water sample collector is wound on the vertical winding rod. The structure of the scheme can avoid the third connecting ropes of the water sample collectors being entangled with each other, thereby affecting the normal use of the seabed water sampling equipment.
作为优选，竖直缸体内侧面上、位于隔板下方设有限位挡块，所述升降活塞位于限位挡块下方；并且当升降活塞抵靠在限位挡块上时；所述平压板与竖直缸体上端面之间的间距大于限位球的直径；所述竖直缸体的浮力大于释放装置及触发装置的重力之和，并小于释放装置、触发装置沉及降配重的重力之和。本方案有利于准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 As a preference, a limit block is provided on the inner side of the vertical cylinder and below the partition, and the lift piston is located below the limit block; and when the lift piston is against the limit block; the flat plate The distance from the upper end surface of the vertical cylinder is greater than the diameter of the limit ball; the buoyancy of the vertical cylinder is greater than the sum of the gravity of the release device and the trigger device, and less than the weight of the release device, the trigger device and the sinking weight sum of gravity. The solution is beneficial to accurately collect water samples within a specific distance above the seabed.
作为优选，第一连接的上端与竖直缸体的下端中部相连接，下端设有脱钩装置，所述脱钩装置包括拉绳，挂置在第一连接的下端上的连接块及设置在连接块侧面上的挂置缺口，挂置缺口的内底面为导向斜面，且该导向斜面由挂置缺口的开口往内斜向上延伸设置；所述挂置缺口的内顶面设有往上贯通连接块上端面的上通孔，挂置缺口的内底面设有往下贯通连接块下端面的下通孔，且上、下通孔正对设置；所述上通孔内插设有插接档杆，该插接档杆穿过下通孔，插接档杆外侧面上、位于连接块上方设有限位凸起，所述拉绳的一端与插接档杆的上端连接；所述沉降配重上设有连接环，该连接环挂置在挂置缺口内，且接环挂位于插接档杆内侧。 As a preference, the upper end of the first connection is connected to the middle part of the lower end of the vertical cylinder, and the lower end is provided with a decoupling device, the decoupling device includes a pull rope, a connection block hung on the lower end of the first connection and a connection block arranged on the connection block. The hanging notch on the side, the inner bottom surface of the hanging notch is a guiding slope, and the guiding inclined surface is set to extend inwardly and upwardly from the opening of the hanging notch; the inner top surface of the hanging notch is provided with an upward through connecting block The upper through hole on the upper end surface, the inner bottom surface of the hanging gap is provided with a lower through hole penetrating down through the lower end surface of the connecting block, and the upper and lower through holes are set oppositely; the upper through hole is inserted with a plug-in gear lever , the plug-in gear rod passes through the lower through hole, and a limit protrusion is provided on the outer surface of the plug-in gear rod above the connecting block, and one end of the pull rope is connected to the upper end of the plug-in gear rod; the settlement weight A connecting ring is arranged on the top, and the connecting ring is hung in the hanging gap, and the connecting ring is hung inside the plug-in gear lever.
本方案结构可以实现如下功能：当水样采集器完成水样采集后，可以通过脱钩装置将沉降配重脱钩，从而使释放装置，触发装置及各水样采集器在浮力作用下自动上浮；从而方便操作者操作。 The structure of this scheme can realize the following functions: when the water sample collector completes the water sample collection, the settling counterweight can be unhooked by the decoupling device, so that the release device, the trigger device and each water sample collector can automatically float up under the action of buoyancy; thus It is convenient for the operator to operate.
作为优选，所述解锁缸体内侧面上设有第一环形挡块及第二环形挡块，推移活塞位于第一环形挡块与第二环形挡块之间，第一环形挡块靠近采集筒，且第一环形挡块与解锁档杆位于推移活塞的同一侧，所述解锁缸体内外侧面上、位于采集筒与第一环形挡块之间设有第五通孔；所述采集筒外侧面上设有与解锁缸体同轴的第六通孔，所述解锁档杆的端部穿过第六通孔、位于采集筒内腔内，所述第六通孔内侧面上、位于第六通孔与解锁档杆之间设有第三密封圈；所述活塞杆与解锁缸体之间设有第四密封圈。本方案结构有利于水样采集器顺利的采集到水样。 As a preference, a first annular stopper and a second annular stopper are provided on the inner side of the unlocking cylinder, the pushing piston is located between the first annular stopper and the second annular stopper, and the first annular stopper is close to the collecting tube , and the first annular stopper and the unlocking gear lever are located on the same side of the push piston, and a fifth through hole is provided on the inner and outer surfaces of the unlocking cylinder between the collecting tube and the first annular stopper; A sixth through hole coaxial with the unlocking cylinder is provided on the side, the end of the unlocking lever passes through the sixth through hole and is located in the inner cavity of the collection tube, and the inner side of the sixth through hole is located on the sixth through hole. A third sealing ring is provided between the six through holes and the unlocking gear rod; a fourth sealing ring is provided between the piston rod and the unlocking cylinder. The structure of this scheme is conducive to the smooth collection of water samples by the water sample collector.
作为优选，竖直缸体的下端面上设有排气通孔，且排气通孔的外端口内设有密封堵头，该密封堵头与排气通孔之间通过螺纹连接。 Preferably, an exhaust through hole is provided on the lower end surface of the vertical cylinder, and a sealing plug is provided in the outer port of the exhaust through hole, and the sealing plug and the exhaust through hole are connected by threads.
作为优选，浮力体与解锁装置位于采集筒的相对两侧。 Preferably, the buoyancy body and the unlocking device are located on opposite sides of the collection cylinder.
作为优选，平压板上表面设有两个避让通孔，且两个避让通孔绕顶杆对称分布，所述隔板上表面上设有两根竖直吊杆，且两根竖直吊杆绕顶杆对称分布，两竖直吊杆穿过对应的避让通孔，竖直吊杆的上端设有吊环。 As a preference, two avoidance through holes are provided on the upper surface of the flat pressing plate, and the two avoidance through holes are symmetrically distributed around the ejector rods, and two vertical suspension rods are arranged on the upper surface of the partition plate, and the two vertical suspension rods Symmetrically distributed around the ejector rods, two vertical suspenders pass through the corresponding avoidance through holes, and the upper ends of the vertical suspenders are provided with suspension rings.
本发明的有益效果是：能够方便、准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 The invention has the beneficial effects of being able to conveniently and accurately collect water samples within a certain distance above the seabed.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的底层水分层采水装置的一种结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a kind of structure schematic diagram of bottom layer water harvesting device of the present invention.
图2是图1中A处的一种局部放大图。 Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of A in Fig. 1 .
图3是图1中的触发装置的一种结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the trigger device in Fig. 1 .
图4是图1中的水样采集器的一种结构示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the water sample collector in Fig. 1 .
图5是图4中B处的一种局部放大图。 FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of B in FIG. 4 .
图6是本发明的底层水分层采水装置下沉到海底后的一种结构示意图。 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom water layered water harvesting device of the present invention after sinking to the seabed.
图7是图6中的水样采集器的一种结构示意图。 Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the water sample collector in Fig. 6 .
图8是图7中C处的一种局部放大图。 FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of position C in FIG. 7 .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
如图1所示，一种底层水分层采水装置包括释放装置1，触发装置2，沉降配重7及4个水样采集器3。 As shown in FIG. 1 , a layered water harvesting device for bottom water includes a release device 1 , a trigger device 2 , a settling weight 7 and four water sample collectors 3 .
释放装置包括上端开口、下端封闭的竖直缸体11，设置在竖直缸体上部的隔板14，设置在隔板中部的竖直导向孔，可滑动设置在竖直缸体内、并位于隔板下方的升降活塞12，设置在竖直缸体上方、并可抵靠在竖直缸体上端面上的平压板15及连接升降活塞与平压板的顶杆13。顶杆穿过竖直导向孔，且竖直导向孔内侧面上、位于竖直导向孔与顶杆之间设有第一密封圈111。竖直缸体外侧面上部设有环形支撑底板112。环形支撑底板与竖直缸体相垂直。环形支撑平板外边缘设有往上延伸的环形侧挡板113。平压板上表面设有两个避让通孔，且两个避让通孔绕顶杆对称分布。隔板上表面上设有两根竖直吊杆8，且两根竖直吊杆绕顶杆对称分布。两竖直吊杆穿过对应的避让通孔，竖直吊杆的上端设有吊环81。隔板下方的竖直缸体内腔为密闭腔体。竖直缸体内侧面上、位于隔板下方设有限位挡块17。升降活塞位于限位挡块下方。竖直缸体的下端面上设有第一通孔18。竖直缸体的下端面上设有排气通孔19，且排气通孔的外端口内设有密封堵头110。该密封堵头与排气通孔之间通过螺纹连接。竖直缸体的上端开口边缘设有四个穿线缺口16。竖直缸体的浮力大于释放装置及触发装置的重力之和，并小于释放装置、触发装置沉及降配重的重力之和。 The release device comprises a vertical cylinder 11 with an open upper end and a closed lower end, a partition 14 arranged on the top of the vertical cylinder, a vertical guide hole arranged in the middle of the partition, slidably arranged in the vertical cylinder, and located The lifting piston 12 below the dividing plate is arranged on the vertical cylinder top and can lean against the flat pressing plate 15 on the upper end surface of the vertical cylinder and the push rod 13 connecting the lifting piston and the flat pressing plate. The push rod passes through the vertical guide hole, and a first sealing ring 111 is provided on the inner side of the vertical guide hole and between the vertical guide hole and the push rod. The upper part of the outer side of the vertical cylinder is provided with an annular support base plate 112 . The annular support base plate is perpendicular to the vertical cylinder body. An annular side baffle 113 extending upward is provided on the outer edge of the annular support plate. Two avoidance through holes are arranged on the upper surface of the flat pressing plate, and the two avoidance through holes are symmetrically distributed around the ejector rod. Two vertical suspension rods 8 are arranged on the upper surface of the dividing plate, and the two vertical suspension rods are symmetrically distributed around the ejector rod. The two vertical suspenders pass through the corresponding escape holes, and the upper ends of the vertical suspenders are provided with suspension rings 81 . The vertical cylinder body cavity below the dividing plate is a closed cavity. A limit block 17 is arranged on the side surface of the vertical cylinder body and below the dividing plate. The lifting piston is located below the limit stop. A first through hole 18 is provided on the lower end surface of the vertical cylinder body. An exhaust through hole 19 is arranged on the lower end surface of the vertical cylinder body, and a sealing plug 110 is arranged in the outer port of the exhaust through hole. The sealing plug is threadedly connected with the exhaust through hole. The upper opening edge of the vertical cylinder body is provided with four threading notches 16 . The buoyancy of the vertical cylinder body is greater than the sum of the gravity of the release device and the trigger device, and less than the sum of the gravity of the release device, the trigger device sinking and the counterweight.
如图1、图2所示，沉降配重通过第一连接绳5悬挂在竖直缸体下方；具体说是，第一连接的上端与竖直缸体的下端面中部相连接，下端设有脱钩装置6。脱钩装置包括拉绳61，挂置在第一连接的下端上的连接块62及设置在连接块侧面上的挂置缺口66。挂置缺口的内底面为导向斜面67，且该导向斜面由挂置缺口的开口往内斜向上延伸设置。该导向斜面的倾斜角度为5-10度。挂置缺口的内顶面设有往上贯通连接块上端面的上通孔65。挂置缺口的内底面设有往下贯通连接块下端面的下通孔68，且上、下通孔正对设置。上通孔内插设有插接档杆63。该插接档杆穿过下通孔。插接档杆外侧面上、位于连接块上方设有限位凸起64。插接档杆上、位于连接块下方套设有橡胶抱紧套69。拉绳的一端与插接档杆的上端连接。沉降配重上设有连接环77。该连接环挂置在挂置缺口内，且接环挂位于插接档杆内侧。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the settling counterweight is suspended below the vertical cylinder through the first connecting rope 5; specifically, the upper end of the first connection is connected to the middle of the lower end surface of the vertical cylinder, and Decoupling device 6. The decoupling device includes a pull rope 61, a connection block 62 suspended on the lower end of the first connection and a suspension notch 66 arranged on the side of the connection block. The inner bottom surface of the hanging notch is a guiding inclined surface 67, and the guiding inclined surface extends obliquely upward from the opening of the hanging notch. The inclination angle of the guide slope is 5-10 degrees. The inner top surface of the hanging notch is provided with an upper through hole 65 upwardly penetrating through the upper end surface of the connecting block. The inner bottom surface of the hanging notch is provided with a lower through hole 68 that runs through the lower end surface of the connecting block downwards, and the upper and lower through holes are facing to each other. A plug-in gear lever 63 is inserted into the upper through hole. The plug-in gear rod passes through the lower through hole. A limit protrusion 64 is provided on the outer surface of the plug-in gear rod and above the connecting block. A rubber gripping sleeve 69 is sleeved on the plug-in gear lever and below the connection block. One end of the stay cord is connected with the upper end of the plug-in gear lever. A connecting ring 77 is provided on the settling counterweight. The connecting ring is hung in the hanging notch, and the connecting ring is hung inside the gear rod.
如图1、图3所示，触发装置包括竖直设置在竖直缸体侧面下部的触发缸体22，可滑动设置在触发缸体内的上活塞体25及下活塞体28，连接上、下活塞体的第一连杆26，设置在触发缸体的下端面中部的第二通孔211，设置在下活塞体下端面上、并往下穿过第二通孔的第二连杆212及位于触发缸体下方的触发配重22。触发缸体内侧面上设有上限位凸块24及下限位凸块29，且上限位凸块位于上活塞体上方，下限位凸块位于下活塞体下方。第二连杆上、位于下活塞体与触发缸体下端之间设有第一压缩弹簧210。触发缸体外侧面设有第三通孔27及第四通孔23。第四通孔位于上限位凸块上方，第三通孔位于上、下限位凸块之间；并且当下活塞体抵靠在下限位凸块上时第三通孔位于上、下活塞体之间，当上活塞体抵靠在上限位凸块上时第三通孔位于下活塞体下方。触发配重通过第二连接绳21与下活塞体相连接，并且该触发配重可使下活塞体往下移动并抵靠在下限位凸块上。触发配重位于沉降配重的下方。第一通孔与第二通孔之间通过连接管密封连接4。 As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the trigger device includes a trigger cylinder 22 vertically arranged on the lower part of the side of the vertical cylinder, an upper piston body 25 and a lower piston body 28 that can be slidably arranged in the trigger cylinder, and are connected to the upper and lower cylinders. The first connecting rod 26 of the lower piston body is arranged on the second through hole 211 in the middle part of the lower end face of the trigger cylinder, is arranged on the lower end face of the lower piston body and passes down the second connecting rod 212 of the second through hole and The trigger counterweight 22 located below the trigger cylinder. An upper limit protrusion 24 and a lower limit protrusion 29 are arranged on the inner side of the trigger cylinder, and the upper limit protrusion is located above the upper piston body, and the lower limit protrusion is located below the lower piston body. A first compression spring 210 is provided on the second connecting rod between the lower piston body and the lower end of the trigger cylinder. A third through hole 27 and a fourth through hole 23 are provided on the outer surface of the trigger cylinder. The fourth through hole is located above the upper limit protrusion, the third through hole is located between the upper and lower limit protrusions; and the third through hole is located between the upper and lower piston bodies when the lower piston body is against the lower limit protrusion , when the upper piston body abuts on the upper limit projection, the third through hole is located below the lower piston body. The trigger counterweight is connected with the lower piston body through the second connecting rope 21, and the trigger counterweight can make the lower piston body move down and lean against the lower limit projection. The trigger weight is located below the sinking weight. The first through hole and the second through hole are sealed and connected 4 through a connecting pipe.
如图1、图4所示，水样采集器置于环形支撑底板上方。水样采集器包括第三连接绳31，设置在环形支撑底板上表面上的竖直绕线杆30，两端封闭的采集筒34，设置在采集筒两端的导向通孔35，可滑动设置在导向通孔内的滑动轴杆312，通过第四连接绳33与采集筒连接的限位球32，设置在采集筒上的解锁装置39及浮力体311，并且浮力体的浮力大于水样采集器的重力。水样采集器的第三连接绳缠绕在竖直绕线杆上。浮力体为空心塑料件。浮力体与解锁装置位于采集筒的相对两侧。第四连接绳的长度小于第三连接绳的长度。第三连接绳的长度为0.5米以内。当升降活塞抵靠在限位挡块上时，所述平压板与竖直缸体上端面之间的间距大于限位球的直径。 As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the water sample collector is placed above the annular support base plate. The water sample collector includes a third connecting rope 31, a vertical winding rod 30 arranged on the upper surface of the annular support base plate, a collection tube 34 with both ends closed, and a guide through hole 35 arranged at the two ends of the collection tube, which can be slidably arranged on Guide the sliding shaft 312 in the through hole, the limit ball 32 connected with the collection tube through the fourth connecting rope 33, the unlocking device 39 and the buoyancy body 311 arranged on the collection tube, and the buoyancy of the buoyancy body is greater than that of the water sample collector gravity. The third connecting rope of the water sample collector is wound on the vertical winding rod. The buoyancy body is a hollow plastic part. The buoyancy body and the unlocking device are located on opposite sides of the collection cylinder. The length of the fourth connecting rope is less than the length of the third connecting rope. The length of the third connecting rope is within 0.5 meters. When the lifting piston abuts against the limit block, the distance between the flat plate and the upper end surface of the vertical cylinder is greater than the diameter of the limit ball.
滑动轴杆穿过采集筒两端的导向通孔，且导向通孔内侧面上、位于导向通孔与滑动轴杆之间设有第二密封圈36。滑动轴杆中部、位于采集筒内设有环形凸块38。滑动轴杆外侧面上设有沿滑动轴杆轴向延伸的进水槽310，且进水槽的长度大于导向通孔的长度。滑动轴杆上、位于环形凸块与采集筒一端之间套设有第三压缩弹簧37。第三压缩弹簧可将环形凸块往采集筒的另一端推移，并使环形凸块抵靠在采集筒的端部。第三压缩弹簧与进水槽位于环形凸块的相对两侧。进水槽与环形凸块之间的间距大于导向通孔的长度。 The sliding shaft passes through the guiding through holes at both ends of the collection tube, and a second sealing ring 36 is provided on the inner side of the guiding through hole between the guiding through hole and the sliding shaft. The middle part of the sliding shaft is located in the collection tube and is provided with an annular projection 38 . A water inlet groove 310 extending axially along the sliding shaft is provided on the outer surface of the sliding shaft, and the length of the water inlet groove is greater than the length of the guide through hole. A third compression spring 37 is sheathed on the sliding shaft between the annular projection and one end of the collection tube. The third compression spring can push the annular protrusion towards the other end of the collection tube, and make the annular protrusion abut against the end of the collection tube. The third compression spring and the water inlet groove are located on opposite sides of the annular protrusion. The distance between the water inlet groove and the annular protrusion is greater than the length of the guiding through hole.
如图4、图5所示，解锁装置包括设置在采集筒外侧面中部，并与采集筒相垂直的解锁缸体313，可滑动设置在解锁缸体内的推移活塞315，设置在推移活塞一端的解锁档杆318及设置在推移活塞另一端的活塞杆314。解锁档杆与采集筒位于推移活塞的同一侧。解锁档杆与解锁缸体同轴设置。推移活塞的横截面积与解锁档杆的横截面积之差等于活塞杆的横截面积。解锁缸体内侧面上设有第一环形挡块321及第二环形挡块322。推移活塞位于第一环形挡块与第二环形挡块之间。第一环形挡块靠近采集筒，且第一环形挡块与解锁档杆位于推移活塞的同一侧。解锁缸体内外侧面上、位于采集筒与第一环形挡块之间设有第五通孔316。采集筒外侧面上设有与解锁缸体同轴的第六通孔。解锁档杆的端部穿过第六通孔、位于采集筒内腔内；并且解锁档杆的端部伸入至环形凸块端面的内侧。第六通孔内侧面上、位于第六通孔与解锁档杆之间设有第三密封圈317。 As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the unlocking device includes an unlocking cylinder 313 arranged in the middle of the outer surface of the collection tube and perpendicular to the collection tube, a push piston 315 that can be slidably arranged in the unlock cylinder, and is arranged at one end of the push piston The unlocking lever 318 and the piston rod 314 that are arranged on the other end of the moving piston. The unlock lever is located on the same side of the push piston as the collection cartridge. The unlocking gear lever is arranged coaxially with the unlocking cylinder body. The difference between the cross-sectional area of the push piston and the cross-sectional area of the unlocking gear lever is equal to the cross-sectional area of the piston rod. A first annular stopper 321 and a second annular stopper 322 are arranged on the inner side of the unlocking cylinder. The pushing piston is located between the first annular stopper and the second annular stopper. The first annular stopper is close to the collection cylinder, and the first annular stopper and the unlocking gear lever are located on the same side of the push piston. A fifth through hole 316 is provided on the inner and outer surfaces of the unlocking cylinder between the collecting cylinder and the first annular stopper. A sixth through hole coaxial with the unlocking cylinder is provided on the outer surface of the collection cylinder. The end of the unlocking gear rod passes through the sixth through hole and is located in the inner chamber of the collection tube; and the end of the unlocking gear rod extends into the inner side of the end surface of the annular protrusion. A third sealing ring 317 is provided on the inner side of the sixth through hole between the sixth through hole and the unlocking lever.
活塞杆穿过解锁缸体端部、位于解锁缸体外侧，具体说是，解锁缸体端部设有穿杆通孔，活塞杆端部穿过穿杆通孔位于解锁缸体外侧。活塞杆与解锁缸体之间设有第四密封圈319，具体说是，穿杆通孔内侧面上、位于穿杆通孔与活塞杆之间设有第四密封圈。活塞杆上套设有可使推移活塞往采集筒方向推移的第二压缩弹簧320。第二压缩弹簧可使推移活塞抵靠在环形挡块上。浮力体的浮力大于第二压缩弹簧的弹力。第三连接绳位于环形支撑底板上。第三连接绳的一端固定在环形支撑底板或环形侧挡板上，另一端与活塞杆的端部相连接。 The piston rod passes through the end of the unlocking cylinder and is located outside the unlocking cylinder. Specifically, the end of the unlocking cylinder is provided with a through-hole through the rod, and the end of the piston rod passes through the through-hole through the rod and is located outside the unlocking cylinder. A fourth sealing ring 319 is provided between the piston rod and the unlocking cylinder, specifically, a fourth sealing ring is provided on the inner side of the through-rod through hole and between the through-rod through-hole and the piston rod. The piston rod is sheathed with a second compression spring 320 that can push the push piston toward the direction of the collection cylinder. The second compression spring can push the piston against the ring stop. The buoyancy of the buoyancy body is greater than the elastic force of the second compression spring. The third connecting rope is located on the annular support base. One end of the third connecting rope is fixed on the annular support bottom plate or the annular side baffle, and the other end is connected with the end of the piston rod.
当环形凸块及第三压缩弹簧移动至解锁档杆的同一侧时，所述进水槽位于采集筒内侧。当环形凸在第三压缩弹簧作用下抵靠在采集筒的端部时，进水槽位于采集筒外侧。 When the annular protrusion and the third compression spring move to the same side of the unlocking gear lever, the water inlet groove is located inside the collecting tube. When the annular protrusion abuts against the end of the collection tube under the action of the third compression spring, the water inlet groove is located outside the collection tube.
本发明的底层水分层采水装置的具体工作过程如下： The concrete work process of the bottom water stratified water harvesting device of the present invention is as follows:
第一，如图1所示，通过牵引绳9将底层水分层采水装置吊起；牵引绳的下部设有两段过渡连接绳，过渡连接绳与吊环81相连接诶。 First, as shown in Figure 1, the bottom water layer water harvesting device is lifted by the traction rope 9;
第二，将密封堵头取下，将各水样采集器的限位球32由竖直缸体的上端开口放入竖直缸体内，并使第四连接绳33放置在对应的穿线缺口16内；接着，将平压板往下压，并使平压板抵靠在竖直缸体上端面上；平压板将各穿线缺口的开口封遮；再接着，再将密封堵头重新安装在排气通孔内，封堵排气通孔；此时，水样采集器将通过限位球及第四连接绳挂置在竖直缸体与平压板之间。 Second, take off the sealing plug, put the limit ball 32 of each water sample collector into the vertical cylinder body from the upper opening of the vertical cylinder body, and place the fourth connecting rope 33 in the corresponding threading gap 16; then, press down the flat pressing plate, and make the flat pressing plate lean against the upper end surface of the vertical cylinder body; the flat pressing plate will cover the openings of each threading gap; then, reinstall the sealing plug on the row In the air passage hole, the exhaust passage hole is blocked; at this time, the water sample collector will be hung between the vertical cylinder body and the flat pressing plate through the limit ball and the fourth connecting rope.
第三，如图4、图5所示，将环形凸块38及第三压缩弹簧37移动至解锁档杆的同一侧，并使环形凸块抵靠在解锁档杆上；此时，310进水槽位于采集筒内侧,外界海水无法进入采集筒。 Third, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, move the annular protrusion 38 and the third compression spring 37 to the same side of the unlocking gear lever, and make the annular protrusion lean against the unlocking gear lever; at this time, 310 advances The water tank is located inside the collection tube, and outside seawater cannot enter the collection tube.
第四，将底层水分层采水装置下放置指定的水域内进行采水；当海底水样采集系统在水域内下放过程中，各水样采集器将通过限位球及第四连接绳悬浮在水域内；如图1所示。 Fourth, put the bottom water layered water collection device under the designated water area for water collection; when the seabed water sample collection system is lowered in the water area, each water sample collector will be suspended by the limit ball and the fourth connecting rope In the water area; as shown in Figure 1.
第五，如图6所示，当底层水分层采水装置下沉到海底后，释放装置及触发装置将通过第一连接绳5悬浮在沉降配重上方；并且由于触发配重22位于沉降配重7下方，触发配重将先与海底接触；因而当沉降配重与海底接触后，第一压缩弹簧210将上、下活塞体往上推动，直至上活塞体抵靠在上限位凸块上，从而使第三通孔位于下活塞体下方，并使第一通孔，第二通孔及第三通孔相互连通；此时，外界海水的水压将通过第三通孔，第二通孔，连接管及第一通孔作用到升降活塞12上，从而使升降活塞上移，直至抵靠在限位挡块上为止。 Fifth, as shown in Figure 6, when the bottom layer water harvesting device sinks to the seabed, the release device and the trigger device will be suspended above the sinking counterweight through the first connecting rope 5; and because the trigger counterweight 22 is located Below the counterweight 7, the trigger counterweight will be in contact with the sea bottom first; therefore, when the subsidence counterweight contacts the sea bottom, the first compression spring 210 will push the upper and lower piston bodies upward until the upper piston body abuts against the upper limit bump , so that the third through hole is located below the lower piston body, and the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole communicate with each other; The through hole, the connecting pipe and the first through hole act on the lifting piston 12, so that the lifting piston moves up until it abuts against the limit block.
当升降活塞抵靠在限位挡块上时，平压板与竖直缸体上端面之间的间距大于限位球的直径（限位球可以由平压板与竖直缸体上端之间脱出）；因而此时，各水样采集器在浮力体的作用下上浮，如图6所示。 When the lifting piston abuts against the limit block, the distance between the flat plate and the upper end of the vertical cylinder is greater than the diameter of the limit ball (the limit ball can come out from between the plate and the upper end of the vertical cylinder) ; Thus at this time, each water sample collector floats up under the action of the buoyancy body, as shown in Figure 6.
如图7、图8所示，当水样采集器上浮，并使第三连接绳31绷直后，浮力体的浮力将克服第二压缩弹簧320的弹力，使推移活塞带动解锁档杆318往下移动，直至推移活塞抵靠在第二环形挡块322上为止；此时解锁档杆318的端部位于环形凸块端面的外侧，并且第三密封圈317仍旧抵靠在解锁档杆侧面上。 As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, when the water sample collector floats up and the third connecting rope 31 is straightened, the buoyancy of the buoyancy body will overcome the elastic force of the second compression spring 320, so that the push piston will drive the unlocking gear lever 318 toward Move down until the push piston abuts against the second annular stopper 322; at this time, the end of the unlocking gear lever 318 is located outside the end face of the annular protrusion, and the third sealing ring 317 is still against the side of the unlocking gear lever .
当解锁档杆的端部位于环形凸块端面的外侧后，第三压缩弹簧37环形凸块往采集筒的另一端推移，并使环形凸块抵靠在采集筒的端部；在这个过程中进水槽将经过如下状态：进水槽310的一端位于采集筒外侧，另一端位于采集筒内侧（如图7所示）；此时，外界海水将有进水槽进入采集筒内。当环形凸块抵靠在采集筒的端部时，滑动轴杆将重新与第二密封圈配合密封。至此完成水样采集。 After the end of the unlocking gear lever is positioned at the outside of the end face of the ring bump, the third compression spring 37 ring bump moves toward the other end of the collection tube, and makes the ring bump lean against the end of the collection tube; in this process The water inlet tank will pass through the following state: one end of the water inlet tank 310 is located outside the collection tube, and the other end is located inside the collection tube (as shown in Figure 7); at this time, the external seawater will enter the collection tube through the water inlet tank. When the annular projection abuts against the end of the collection tube, the sliding shaft will cooperate with the second sealing ring again for sealing. So far, the water sample collection has been completed.
本发明能够通控制第三连接绳31的长度，来控制采集筒与海底之间的间距，从而方便、准确的采集海底上方特定距离内的水样。 The present invention can control the distance between the collection cylinder and the seabed by controlling the length of the third connecting rope 31, so as to conveniently and accurately collect water samples within a certain distance above the seabed.
第六，完成水样采集后，操作者可以通过拉绳61往上拉（拉绳的上端预留在水面上方），将插接档杆63拉出；从而将沉降配重释放；当沉降配重释放后，底层水分层采水装置将在浮力作用下自动上方。 Sixth, after the water sample collection is completed, the operator can pull up the pull rope 61 (the upper end of the pull rope is reserved above the water surface), and pull out the plug-in gear lever 63; thereby releasing the sinking weight; when the sinking weight After re-release, the bottom layer water harvesting device will automatically go up under the action of buoyancy.
本发明的底层水分层采水装置同样适用于在其他水域中应用。 The bottom layer water harvesting device of the present invention is also suitable for application in other water areas.
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