CN104879736A - 生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉 - Google Patents
生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104879736A CN104879736A CN201510250197.9A CN201510250197A CN104879736A CN 104879736 A CN104879736 A CN 104879736A CN 201510250197 A CN201510250197 A CN 201510250197A CN 104879736 A CN104879736 A CN 104879736A
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，包括蒸汽锅炉，所述蒸汽锅炉的排烟管上依次连通有热风炉和热水炉，所述热水炉上连通有烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置，整台设备只需要一台鼓风机，节约了生产成本，而且烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置改变了传统烟道的排烟方式，节约了能源，提高了环境保护的力度，本发明采用上述方案，其结构新颖、点火方便快捷、燃料输送安全方便、热效率高、大大降低了生产成本。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种燃用生物质成型燃料的洁净燃烧气化锅炉，具体的说涉及一种具有多种功能的生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，属于环保设备技术领域。
背景技术
[0002]目前，能源和环境问题已成为全球关注的焦点，虽然石油、煤和天然气至今仍是燃料的主要来源，但是随着化石能源的日益枯竭和环境问题的日趋严重，开发利用洁净可再生能源已经成了紧迫的课题。
[0003] 生物质能作为可再生能源的重要组成部分受到人们的广泛关注。我国作为一个农业大国生物质能源每年的产量巨大，因而其作为可再生能源开发的潜力巨大，前景广阔。
[0004] 生物质能源是利用绿色植物将太阳能通过光合作用储存在植物体内的自然资源，是太阳能的一种廉价储存方式。利用生物质能的排放量不会超过其生长期间的所吸收的碳量，能实现二氧化碳的零排放。从全球持续发展的战略上看，发挥生物质能的能源潜力和环境潜力是及其重要的。
[0005] 我国农村的秸杆是重要的生物质资源，总能量基本和玉米、淀粉的总能量相当。秸杆燃烧值约为标准煤的50%。我国每年可生产农作物秸杆6亿多吨，如全部用来燃烧，可折合约3亿吨标准煤的热值。
[0006] 生物质燃料具有以下优势:
1、生物质的热值与我国一些地区的层燃炉用煤相当(约18000kJ / kg )。生物质主含挥发分，对稻杆、稻壳的热重分析结果表明:挥发分含量高达60%〜85 %以上；这些特性决定了它不仅有良好的代煤效果，也决定了生物质优良的着火燃烧性能。
[0007] 2、生物质燃料减排CO2的效益明显，减排硫的效益也同样显著。生物质燃料还具有飞灰少、排渣少、NOx排放低、降低重金属污染物排放、灰渣可还田等优良的环保特性，可称之为绿色能源。
[0008] 3、由于生物质原料价格低廉，制造出的生物质成型燃料也比现在高涨的原煤及型煤具有较大的价格优势，利于推广使用。
[0009] 4、生物质能是可再生能源，在能源日益短缺的今天，开发利用生物质能亦具有重大的能源战略意义。
[0010] 但是，目前市场上出现的生物质成型燃料炉，普遍存在以下缺陷“
一是，热效率低，点火不方便，燃烧不稳定、传热差；二是烟气排除温度过高，浪费能源、污染环境。
[0011] 三是物料投放仍然采用人工铲填的方式，费时费力且成本较高；
四是排烟用的烟道大都安装有引风机，炉体的一侧安装与炉膛连通的鼓风机，采用前引后鼓的传统方式进行排烟；需要两台设备，增加了工作成本；
五是传统的烟道大都采用中心引射型的排烟方式，这种方式具有烟气流量小，炉膛负压低的缺陷。
发明内容
[0012] 本发明要解决的问题是为了克服目前的生物质成型燃料炉型存在对上述缺陷，提供一种结构新颖、点火方便快捷、燃料输送安全方便、热效率高、降低生产成本的生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉。
[0013] 为了解决上述问题，本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，包括蒸汽锅炉，所述蒸汽锅炉的排烟管上依次连通有热风炉和热水炉，所述热水炉上连通有烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置。
[0014] 以下是本发明对上述方案的进一步优化:
所述蒸汽锅炉包括炉体，所述炉体内安装有炉膛，所述炉体内靠近上端的位置安装有汽水分离器，所述汽水分离器将炉体内腔间隔成水室和蒸汽室，所述炉体的顶部设置有与蒸汽室连通的蒸汽出口。该蒸汽出口可连通所有利用蒸汽为加热源的机械设备。
[0015] 进一步优化:所述蒸汽锅炉上还连通有生物质送料装置。所述炉膛的一侧设置有生物燃料进口，生物燃料进口与生物质送料装置连接。
[0016] 生物质送料装置包括设置在炉体一侧的支架，所述支架上安装有料斗，料斗与生物燃料进口之间连通有可将生物质燃料输送至炉膛的螺旋输送器。
[0017] 螺旋输送器的后端传动连接有电机，用于驱动螺旋输送器工作。
[0018] 通过生物质送料装置将生物燃料连续不断的送进炉膛，使得炉膛内的燃料均匀燃烧，这样就克服了由于人工填料的不均匀性导致燃料燃烧不充分的缺陷。同时也大大提高了工作效率。
[0019] 更进一步优化:
热风炉包括热风炉体，所述热风炉体内设置有若干根空-空换热管，所述若干根空-空换热管呈螺旋方式排列。
[0020] 热风炉体与炉膛的上端之间通过双层烟道连通，该双层烟道具有内、外两层壳壁，内、外两层壳壁之间为真空。这样，就防止了空气传热，有效降低了烟道的外表面温度，防止了热量扩散，节约了热能，并保护了炉体。
[0021] 更进一步优化:
所述热水炉包括热水炉体，所述热水炉体的底部设置有烟气室，顶部设置有烟气回程室，中间为水室，所述水室内设置有若干根将烟气室和烟气回程室连通的空-水换热管。
[0022] 所述烟气室内设置有隔板，隔板将烟气室间隔成第一烟气室和第二烟气室；所述第一烟气室与热风炉体之间通过连通烟管连通，第二烟气室通过出烟管与烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置连通。
[0023] 另一种优化:
烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置包括与出烟管连通的烟囱，所述烟囱的底部具有截面直径大于烟囱的截面直径的风室，所述风室的外部连通有鼓风机，所述风室内设置有连通烟囱上部和出烟管的排烟管。
[0024] 所述风室的上部为锥型结构，排烟管的上端设置在靠近烟囱与风室上部锥型结构的连接处的上方。
[0025] 当需要排烟时，启动鼓风机，鼓风机排出的风进入风室，然后通过排烟管的周边上升并进入烟囱，由于风量较大，使得排烟管的上端开口处形成负压，从而将出烟管内的烟气吸收进排烟管，并由烟囱内的空气带出烟囱，该烟囱采用环流引射型结构，大大增加了烟气的排除速度。
[0026] 进一步优化:
所述风室上还连通有通风管，所述炉体上设置有与炉膛连通的进风口，该通风管还与进风口连通。
[0027] 在鼓风机给风室供气的同时，部分气体分流，通过通风管进入到炉膛内给炉膛内的燃料提供经过风室预热的空气，提高了生物质燃料的起燃点，使得生物质燃料的燃烧效率大大增加。
[0028] 另一种优化:
所述炉膛的后侧设置有点火装置。点火装置包括固定安装在炉体上的通气管，所述通气管的一端伸入到炉膛内，另一端密封且位于炉体的外部并连通有氧气进管，所述通气管内安装有与煤气罐连通的煤气进管，煤气进管的前端设置在靠近通气管前端的位置，所述通气管的前端设有火焰分配隔板，在火焰分配隔板上设有若干个喷火孔。
[0029] 所述煤气进管的前端与通气管之间通过环形的氧气隔板连接，所述煤气进管与通气管之间形成氧气室，所述煤气进管的前端与火焰分配隔板之间形成混合燃烧室，所述氧气隔板上设有若干个将氧气室与混合燃烧室连通的氧气通气孔。炉体上位于通气管上方的位置设有点火孔。
[0030] 初始点火时，同时开通煤气进管和氧气进管，使得煤气和氧气在混合燃烧室内混合，然后将燃烧棒或电子点火器通过点火孔伸入到煤气进管的前端，将混合气体点燃，然后通过生物质送料装置将生物质燃料输送至炉膛进行点燃，生物质燃料点燃后，可关闭煤气进管和氧气进管，同时启动鼓风机，将带有氧气的空气送入炉膛进行助燃，在生物质燃料不断燃烧过程中，鼓风机送出的空气在风室内被预热，然后不断的被送进炉膛进行助燃，这样，就既方便了点火，克服了传统的生物质初始点火的困难，又循环吸收并利用了烟气中的绝大部分热量，大大节约了能源。
[0031] 整台设备只需要一台鼓风机，节约了生产成本，而且烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置改变了传统烟道的排烟方式，节约了能源，提高了环境保护的力度，本发明采用上述方案，其结构新颖、点火方便快捷、燃料输送安全方便、热效率高、大大降低了生产成本。
[0032] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
[0033] 附图1为本发明实施例的结构示意图；
附图2为本发明实施例中点火装置的结构示意图；
附图3为本发明实施例中烟气除尘装置的结构示意图。
[0034] 图中:1_炉体；2_炉膛；3_水室；4_蒸汽出口 ；5_蒸汽室；6_汽水分离器；7-吸热管；8_点火装置；9_生物燃料进口 ；10_料斗；11_螺旋输送器；12_支架；13_电机；14_观火孔；15_进风口 ；16_落灰口 ；17_炉排；18_双层烟道；19_热风炉体；20_空-空换热管；21-连通烟管；22_第一烟气室；23_第二烟气室；24_隔板；25_烟气回程室；26_空-水换热管；27_出烟管；28_烟囱；29_鼓风机；30_风室；31_排烟管；32_通风管；33_喷火孔；34_点火孔；35_氧气隔板；36_通气管；37_氧气进管；38_煤气进管；39_氧气通气孔；40-火焰分配隔板；41_除尘箱体；42_除尘隔板；43_烟气通道；44_石灰水；45_烟气进管；46-烟气出管；47_排污阀。
具体实施方式
[0035] 实施例，如图1所示，一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，包括蒸汽锅炉，所述蒸汽锅炉的排烟管上依次连通有热风炉和热水炉，所述热水炉上连通有烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置。所述蒸汽锅炉上还连通有生物质送料装置。
[0036] 所述蒸汽锅炉包括炉体1，所述炉体I内安装有炉膛2，所述炉体I内靠近上端的位置安装有汽水分离器6，所述汽水分离器6将炉体内腔间隔成水室3和蒸汽室5，所述炉体I的顶部设置有与蒸汽室5连通的蒸汽出口 4。
[0037] 该蒸汽出口 4可连通所有利用蒸汽为加热源的机械设备。
[0038] 所述炉膛2的底部安装有炉排17，炉膛2的上部安装有螺旋设置的多层吸热管7，吸热管7的两端分别与水室3连通，有效阻止了火焰的迅速上升，增加了吸热时间。
[0039] 炉体I内靠近炉膛2底部的位置设置有落灰口 16 ；
所述炉膛2的一侧设置有生物燃料进口 9，生物燃料进口 9连接有生物质送料装置。
[0040] 生物质送料装置包括设置在炉体I 一侧的支架12，所述支架12上安装有料斗10，料斗10与生物燃料进口 9之间连通有可将生物质燃料输送至炉膛I的螺旋输送器11。
[0041] 螺旋输送器11的后端传动连接有电机13，用于驱动螺旋输送器11工作。
[0042] 通过生物质送料装置将生物燃料连续不断的送进炉膛2，使得炉膛内的燃料均匀燃烧，这样就克服了由于人工填料的不均匀性导致燃料燃烧不充分的缺陷。同时也大大提高了工作效率。
[0043] 所述炉膛2的前侧设置有观火孔14，后侧设置有点火装置8。
[0044] 热风炉包括热风炉体19，所述热风炉体19内设置有若干根空-空换热管20，所述若干根空-空换热管20呈螺旋方式排列；
热风炉体19与炉膛2的上端之间通过双层烟道18连通，该双层烟道18具有内、外两层壳壁，内、外两层壳壁之间为真空，这样，就防止了空气传热，有效降低了烟道的外表面温度，防止了热量扩散，节约了热能，并保护了炉体。
[0045] 所述热水炉，包括热水炉体42，所述热水炉体42的底部设置有烟气室，顶部设置有烟气回程室25，中间为水室，所述水室内设置有若干根将烟气室和烟气回程室25连通的空-水换热管26。
[0046] 所述烟气室内设置有隔板24，隔板24将烟气室间隔成第一烟气室22和第二烟气室23 ;所述第一烟气室22与热风炉体19之间通过连通烟管21连通。
[0047] 第二烟气室23通过出烟管27与烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置连通。
[0048] 烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置包括与出烟管27连通的烟囱28，所述烟囱28的底部具有截面直径大于烟囱28的截面直径的风室30，所述风室30的外部连通有鼓风机29，所述风室30内设置有连通烟囱28上部和出烟管27的排烟管31。所述风室30的上部为锥型结构，排烟管31的上端设置在靠近烟囱28与风室30上部锥型结构的连接处的上方。
[0049] 当需要排烟时，启动鼓风机29，鼓风机29排出的风进入风室30，然后通过排烟管31的周边上升并进入烟囱28，由于风量较大，使得排烟管31的上端开口处形成负压，从而将出烟管27内的烟气吸收进排烟管31，并由烟囱28内的空气带出烟囱28，该烟囱采用环流引射型结构，大大增加了烟气的排除速度。
[0050] 所述风室30上还连通有通风管32，所述炉体I上设置有与炉膛2连通的进风口15，该通风管32还与进风口 15连通。
[0051] 在鼓风机29给风室30供气的同时，部分气体分流，通过通风管32进入到炉膛2内给炉膛2内的燃料提供经过风室30预热的空气，提高了生物质燃料的起燃点，使得生物质燃料的燃烧效率大大增加。
[0052] 如图2所示，点火装置8包括固定安装在炉体I上的通气管36，所述通气管36的一端伸入到炉膛2内，另一端密封且位于炉体I的外部并连通有氧气进管37，所述通气管36内安装有与煤气罐连通的煤气进管38。
[0053] 煤气进管38的前端设置在靠近通气管36前端的位置，所述通气管36的前端设有火焰分配隔板40，在火焰分配隔板40上设有若干个喷火孔41 ;
所述煤气进管38的前端与通气管36之间通过环形的氧气隔板35连接，所述煤气进管38与通气管36之间形成氧气室，所述煤气进管38的前端与火焰分配隔板40之间形成混合燃烧室，所述氧气隔板35上设有若干个将氧气室与混合燃烧室连通的氧气通气孔39。
[0054] 炉体I上位于通气管36上方的位置设有点火孔24。
[0055] 初始点火时，同时开通煤气进管38和氧气进管37，使得煤气和氧气在混合燃烧室内混合，然后将燃烧棒或电子点火器通过点火孔24伸入到煤气进管38的前端，将混合气体点燃，然后通过生物质送料装置将生物质燃料输送至炉膛2进行点燃，生物质燃料点燃后，可关闭煤气进管38和氧气进管37，同时启动鼓风机29，将带有氧气的空气送入炉膛进行助燃，在生物质燃料不断燃烧过程中，鼓风机送出的空气在风室30内被预热，然后不断的被送进炉膛2进行助燃，这样，就既方便了点火，克服了传统的生物质初始点火的困难，又循环吸收并利用了烟气中的绝大部分热量，大大节约了能源。
[0056] 如图3所示，烟囱28的出口连通有烟气除尘装置，该烟气除尘装置包括一密闭的除尘箱体41，所述除尘箱体41内竖直设置一除尘隔板42，除尘隔板42的将除尘箱体41的内腔间隔成两个腔室，两个腔室内盛装有石灰水44，石灰水44的上水平面与除尘箱体41的上壳壁之间具有一定的距离，以形成气室。
[0057] 除尘隔板42的上端与除尘箱体41的上壳壁密封连接，下端与除尘箱体41的底壁之间留有烟气通道43，其中一个腔室内设置有与烟囱28密封连通的烟气进管45，所述烟气进管45的出气口设置在靠近除尘箱体41底部的位置，另一个腔室的上部气室连通有烟气出管46。
[0058] 除尘箱体41的底部一侧安装有排污阀47，以方便排污。
[0059] 从烟囱28中排出烟气通过烟气进管45进入除尘箱体41，然后再通过烟气通道43并从烟气出管46排出，这样通过石灰水44的除尘，干净的气体从烟气出管46排出，大大净化了烟气，使得排出的气体不含任何污物和杂质，接近于空气的净化质量，非常的环保。
[0060] 本发明采用上述方案，整台设备只需要一台鼓风机，节约了生产成本，而且烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置改变了传统烟道的排烟方式，大大节约了能源，提高了环境保护的力度。
Claims (10)
1.一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，包括蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于:所述蒸汽锅炉的排烟管上依次连通有热风炉和热水炉，所述热水炉上连通有烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置；所述蒸汽锅炉上还连通有生物质送料装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于: 所述蒸汽锅炉包括炉体(1)，所述炉体(I)内安装有炉膛(2)，所述炉体(I)内靠近上端的位置安装有汽水分离器(6)，所述汽水分离器(6)将炉体内腔间隔成水室(3)和蒸汽室(5)，所述炉体(I)的顶部设置有与蒸汽室(5)连通的蒸汽出口(4)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于:所述炉膛(2)的一侧设置有生物燃料进口(9)，生物燃料进口(9)与生物质送料装置连接；生物质送料装置包括设置在炉体(I) 一侧的支架(12)，所述支架(12)上安装有料斗(10)，料斗(10)与生物燃料进口( 9 )之间连通有可将生物质燃料输送至炉膛(I)的螺旋输送器(11)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于: 热风炉包括热风炉体(19)，所述热风炉体(19)内设置有若干根空-空换热管(20)，所述若干根空-空换热管(20)呈螺旋方式排列； 热风炉体(19)与炉膛(2)的上端之间通过双层烟道(18)连通，该双层烟道(18)具有内、外两层壳壁，内、外两层壳壁之间为真空；所述热水炉包括热水炉体((42))，所述热水炉体((42 ))的底部设置有烟气室，顶部设置有烟气回程室(25 )，中间为水室，所述水室内设置有若干根将烟气室和烟气回程室(25)连通的空-水换热管(26)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于: 所述烟气室内设置有隔板(24)，隔板(24)将烟气室间隔成第一烟气室(22)和第二烟气室(23);所述第一烟气室(22)与热风炉体(19)之间通过连通烟管(21)连通，第二烟气室(23)通过出烟管(27)与烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置连通。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于: 烟气排放和烟气余热回收利用装置包括与出烟管(27)连通的烟囱(28)，所述烟囱(28)的底部具有截面直径大于烟囱(28)的截面直径的风室(30)，所述风室(30)的外部连通有鼓风机(29)，所述风室(30)内设置有连通烟囱(28)上部和出烟管(27)的排烟管(31)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于:所述风室(30)的上部为锥型结构，排烟管(31)的上端设置在靠近烟囱(28)与风室(30)上部锥型结构的连接处的上方；所述风室(30)上还连通有通风管(32)，所述炉体(I)上设置有与炉膛(2)连通的进风口( 15)，该通风管(32)还与进风口( 15)连通。
8.根据权利要求3-7任一所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于:所述炉膛(2)的后侧设置有点火装置(8);点火装置(8)包括固定安装在炉体(I)上的通气管(36)，所述通气管(36)的一端伸入到炉膛(2)内，另一端密封且位于炉体(I)的外部并连通有氧气进管(37)，所述通气管(36)内安装有与煤气罐连通的煤气进管(38)，煤气进管(38)的前端设置在靠近通气管(36)前端的位置，所述通气管(36)的前端设有火焰分配隔板(40 )，在火焰分配隔板(40 )上设有若干个喷火孔((41))。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于: 所述煤气进管(38)的前端与通气管(36)之间通过环形的氧气隔板(35)连接，所述煤气进管(38 )与通气管(36 )之间形成氧气室，所述煤气进管(38 )的前端与火焰分配隔板(40)之间形成混合燃烧室，所述氧气隔板(35)上设有若干个将氧气室与混合燃烧室连通的氧气通气孔(39);炉体(I)上位于通气管(36)上方的位置设有点火孔(24)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种生物质燃烧换热复合一体炉，其特征在于:烟囱(28)的出口连通有烟气除尘装置； 该烟气除尘装置包括一密闭的除尘箱体(41)，所述除尘箱体(41)内竖直设置一除尘隔板(42)，除尘隔板(42)的将除尘箱体(41)的内腔间隔成两个腔室，两个腔室内盛装有石灰水(44)，石灰水(44)的上水平面与除尘箱体(41)的上壳壁之间具有一定的距离，以形成气室，除尘隔板(42)的上端与除尘箱体(41)的上壳壁密封连接，下端与除尘箱体(41)的底壁之间留有烟气通道(43 )，其中一个腔室内设置有与烟囱28密封连通的烟气进管(45 )，所述烟气进管(45)的出气口设置在靠近除尘箱体(41)底部的位置，另一个腔室的上部气室连通有烟气出管(46)。
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