CN104872087A - Automatic mud-flat shellfish collecting machine - Google Patents
Automatic mud-flat shellfish collecting machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104872087A CN104872087A CN201510215914.4A CN201510215914A CN104872087A CN 104872087 A CN104872087 A CN 104872087A CN 201510215914 A CN201510215914 A CN 201510215914A CN 104872087 A CN104872087 A CN 104872087A
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001123258 Meretrix meretrix Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K80/00—Harvesting oysters, mussels, sponges or the like
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
滩涂贝类自动化采收机，包括螺旋轴驱动电机、双向螺旋轴、螺旋轴支架、涡轮转盘驱动电机、直线振动筛、自锁型直线涡轮推杆、贝类收集槽、传送带、传送带滚轴总成、二次筛分漏斗、清洁管道、动力电机支架、储水槽、动力电机、前轮、直线振动筛驱动电机、偏心轴、传送带驱动电机、贝类导向板、自吸式抽水泵、后轮、传动链条总成、后传动轴、前传动轴、贝类挖掘铲、车架、轴承和涡轮转盘，所述车架下部安装有后传动轴和前传动轴，后传动轴和前传动轴上安装有后轮和前轮，后传动轴通过传动链条总成和动力电机相连接，动力电机外设有动力电机支架，清洁管道一端穿过动力电机支架连接储水槽，另一端连接二次筛分漏斗。
Automatic tidal flat shellfish harvesting machine, including screw shaft drive motor, two-way screw shaft, screw shaft support, turbine turntable drive motor, linear vibrating screen, self-locking linear turbine push rod, shellfish collection tank, conveyor belt, conveyor belt roller assembly Formation, secondary screening funnel, cleaning pipe, power motor bracket, water storage tank, power motor, front wheel, linear vibrating screen drive motor, eccentric shaft, conveyor belt drive motor, shellfish guide plate, self-priming water pump, rear wheel , transmission chain assembly, rear transmission shaft, front transmission shaft, shellfish digging shovel, vehicle frame, bearing and turbine turntable, the rear transmission shaft and front transmission shaft are installed on the lower part of the vehicle frame, and the rear transmission shaft and front transmission shaft are The rear wheel and the front wheel are installed, and the rear transmission shaft is connected to the power motor through the transmission chain assembly. The power motor is equipped with a power motor bracket. One end of the cleaning pipe passes through the power motor bracket to connect to the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the secondary screening. funnel.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及滩涂贝类自动化采收机，属于农业机械设备领域。 The invention relates to an automatic harvester for tidal flat shellfish, which belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment.
背景技术 Background technique
我国是世界贝类养殖大国，各种贝类年产量约为1200万吨，占世界贝类总产量的60%，在整个海水养殖产业中占据主导地位。近年来，国际市场净化后的鲜活贝类十分畅销，我国贝类养殖产量、产品价格等与其他国家相比均具有较强的优势。其中文蛤、巴非蛤、牡蝠和菲律宾蛤仔是水产品出口创汇的主要品种。多年生产实践证明贝类养殖具有投资小、成本低、收效快、产量高、技术易推广诸多优点，它不与农业争土地，不与畜牧业争饲料，不与鱼虾养殖争水面。大力发展贝类养殖业，不仅能满足市场日益增长的需求，同时能缓解大批转产转业的海洋渔业劳动力出路问题，对渔业、渔村、渔民的稳定有其重大的现实意义；在养殖贝类中，滩涂贝类的产量约占我国海水养殖总产量的20％。而我国现有浅海滩涂面积约2亿亩，但其利用率目前不到20％，因此，滩涂贝类增养殖的发展空间很大。 my country is a big shellfish farming country in the world, with an annual output of about 12 million tons of various shellfish, accounting for 60% of the world's total shellfish production, and occupying a dominant position in the entire marine aquaculture industry. In recent years, purified fresh and live shellfish have been very popular in the international market. Compared with other countries, my country's shellfish farming output and product prices have strong advantages. Among them, Meretrix meretrix, Bafei clam, male bat and Philippine clam are the main species that earn foreign exchange through export of aquatic products. Years of production practice have proved that shellfish farming has many advantages such as small investment, low cost, quick returns, high output, and easy technology promotion. It does not compete with agriculture for land, animal husbandry for feed, and fish and shrimp farming for water. Vigorously developing the shellfish farming industry can not only meet the growing demand of the market, but also alleviate the problem of a large number of marine fishery laborers who have changed industries and industries, and has great practical significance for the stability of fisheries, fishing villages, and fishermen; in shellfish farming, The output of tidal flat shellfish accounts for about 20% of the total output of mariculture in my country. And my country's existing shallow tidal flat area is about 200 million mu, but its utilization rate is less than 20% at present, therefore, the development space of tidal flat shellfish breeding is very large.
贝类采收是滩涂贝类养殖中作业费用最多、生产成本最大的生产环节。目前，国内贝类采收仍主要采用人工采捕，劳动强度大、生产效率低、工作条件差；以文蛤为例，收获方法仍采用传统的人工作业，包括：脚踩取蛤、石滚压蛤、锄扒取蛤、扒具采捕、打桩采捕、机船拖网采捕、卷缆拖网采捕等；一个劳动力每天只能取捕35 ～40 公斤，每公斤文蛤的取捕费用几乎占文蛤养殖总成本的三分二；因此，实现自动化取捕机械作业是目前降低滩涂贝类生产成本、提高经济效益的根木途径，是一个急需解决的问题。 Shellfish harvesting is the production link with the most operating expenses and the largest production cost in tidal flat shellfish farming. At present, domestic shellfish harvesting is still mainly manual harvesting, which is labor-intensive, low in production efficiency, and poor working conditions; taking Meretrix meretrix as an example, traditional manual methods are still used for harvesting, including: stepping on clams, rolling stones, etc. Clam pressing, clam picking by hoeing, picking with pickling tools, piling, machine boat trawling, cable trawling, etc.; a labor force can only catch 35-40 kg per day, and the cost of catching clams per kg almost accounts for Meretrix meretrix accounts for two-thirds of the total cost of clam cultivation; therefore, the realization of automatic harvesting and mechanical operation is the root tree approach to reduce the production cost of tidal flat shellfish and improve economic benefits, and it is an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供滩涂贝类自动化采收机。 The purpose of the invention is to provide an automatic harvesting machine for tidal flat shellfish.
本发明要解决的问题是现有人工取捕费用高的不足。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is the deficiency that the existing artificial fetching cost is high.
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用的技术方案是： For realizing the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
滩涂贝类自动化采收机，包括螺旋轴驱动电机、双向螺旋轴、螺旋轴支架、涡轮转盘驱动电机、直线振动筛、自锁型直线涡轮推杆、贝类收集槽、传送带、传送带滚轴总成、二次筛分漏斗、清洁管道、动力电机支架、储水槽、动力电机、前轮、直线振动筛驱动电机、偏心轴、传送带驱动电机、贝类导向板、自吸式抽水泵、后轮、传动链条总成、后传动轴、前传动轴、贝类挖掘铲、车架、轴承和涡轮转盘，所述车架下部安装有后传动轴和前传动轴，后传动轴和前传动轴上安装有后轮和前轮，后传动轴通过传动链条总成和动力电机相连接，动力电机外设有动力电机支架，清洁管道一端穿过动力电机支架连接储水槽，另一端连接二次筛分漏斗，二次筛分漏斗旁设有贝类收集槽，贝类收集槽下方为传送带，传送带通过传送带滚轴总成与传送带驱动电机相连接，传送带右侧设有贝类导向板，自吸式抽水泵与清洁管道相连接，车架左侧安装有贝类挖掘铲，贝类挖掘铲上部设有双向螺旋轴，双向螺旋轴与螺旋轴驱动电机相连接，螺旋轴驱动电机固定在螺旋轴支架上，螺旋轴支架安装在车架左侧，直线振动筛安装在贝类挖掘铲的右侧；直线振动筛旁边安装有直线振动筛驱动电机，直线振动筛驱动电机安装有偏心轴；轴承安装在前传动轴与车架的连接处。 Automatic tidal flat shellfish harvesting machine, including screw shaft drive motor, two-way screw shaft, screw shaft support, turbine turntable drive motor, linear vibrating screen, self-locking linear turbine push rod, shellfish collection tank, conveyor belt, conveyor belt roller assembly Formation, secondary screening funnel, cleaning pipe, power motor bracket, water storage tank, power motor, front wheel, linear vibrating screen drive motor, eccentric shaft, conveyor belt drive motor, shellfish guide plate, self-priming water pump, rear wheel , transmission chain assembly, rear transmission shaft, front transmission shaft, shellfish digging shovel, vehicle frame, bearing and turbine turntable, the rear transmission shaft and front transmission shaft are installed on the lower part of the vehicle frame, the rear transmission shaft and the front transmission shaft The rear wheel and the front wheel are installed, and the rear transmission shaft is connected to the power motor through the transmission chain assembly. The power motor is equipped with a power motor bracket. One end of the cleaning pipe passes through the power motor bracket to connect to the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the secondary screening. Funnel, next to the secondary screening funnel, there is a shellfish collection tank. Below the shellfish collection tank is the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt is connected to the conveyor belt drive motor through the conveyor belt roller assembly. There is a shellfish guide plate on the right side of the conveyor belt, self-priming The water pump is connected with the cleaning pipeline, and a shellfish digging shovel is installed on the left side of the frame. The upper part of the shellfish digging shovel is provided with a bidirectional screw shaft. The bidirectional screw shaft is connected with the screw shaft driving motor, and the screw shaft driving motor is fixed on the screw shaft bracket. On the top, the screw shaft bracket is installed on the left side of the frame, and the linear vibrating screen is installed on the right side of the shellfish digging shovel; the linear vibrating screen driving motor is installed next to the linear vibrating screen, and the linear vibrating screen driving motor is installed with an eccentric shaft; the bearing is installed on the The connection between the front drive shaft and the frame.
所述螺旋轴支架上设有涡轮转盘驱动电机，涡轮转盘驱动电机上安装有涡轮转盘，涡轮转盘和双向螺旋轴相啮合，实现刮削作用。 The screw shaft support is provided with a turbine turntable drive motor, the turbine turntable drive motor is equipped with a turbine turntable, and the turbine turntable is engaged with the two-way helical shaft to realize scraping.
所述螺旋轴支架位于贝类挖掘铲的上方。 The screw shaft support is located above the shellfish digging shovel.
所述螺旋轴支架与贝类收集槽之间安装有自锁型直线涡轮推杆。 A self-locking linear turbine push rod is installed between the screw shaft support and the shellfish collection tank.
本发明的优点是：本装置实现了自动化贝类采集，大大降低了人工成本，同时安全可靠，使用相当的方便，应具有广泛的市场前景。 The invention has the advantages that: the device realizes automatic shellfish collection, greatly reduces the labor cost, is safe and reliable, is quite convenient to use, and should have broad market prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明滩涂贝类自动化采收机的立体前视图； Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional front view of tidal flat shellfish automatic harvester of the present invention;
图2是本发明滩涂贝类自动化采收机的立体仰视图； Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional bottom view of the tidal flat shellfish automatic harvester of the present invention;
图3是本发明滩涂贝类自动化采收机的立体右视图； Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional right view of the tidal flat shellfish automatic harvester of the present invention;
图4是本发明滩涂贝类自动化采收机的立体左视图； Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional left view of the tidal flat shellfish automatic harvester of the present invention;
图中：1、螺旋轴驱动电机 2、双向螺旋轴 3、螺旋轴支架 4、涡轮转盘驱动电机 5、直线振动筛 6、自锁型直线涡轮推杆 7、贝类收集槽 8、传送带 9、传送带滚轴总成 10、二次筛分漏斗 11、清洁管道 12、动力电机支架 13、储水槽 14、动力电机 15、前轮 16、直线振动筛驱动电机 17、偏心轴 18、传送带驱动电机 19、贝类导向板 20、自吸式抽水泵 21、后轮 22、传动链条总成 23、后传动轴 24、前传动轴 25、贝类挖掘铲 26、车架 27、轴承 28、涡轮转盘。 In the figure: 1. Screw shaft drive motor 2. Two-way screw shaft 3. Screw shaft support 4. Turbine turntable drive motor 5. Linear vibrating screen 6. Self-locking linear turbine push rod 7. Shellfish collection tank 8. Conveyor belt 9. Conveyor belt roller assembly 10, secondary screening funnel 11, cleaning pipe 12, power motor bracket 13, water storage tank 14, power motor 15, front wheel 16, linear vibrating screen drive motor 17, eccentric shaft 18, conveyor belt drive motor 19 , shellfish guide plate 20, self-priming pump 21, rear wheel 22, drive chain assembly 23, rear drive shaft 24, front drive shaft 25, shellfish digging shovel 26, frame 27, bearing 28, turbine turntable.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
滩涂贝类自动化采收机，包括螺旋轴驱动电机1、双向螺旋轴2、螺旋轴支架3、涡轮转盘驱动电机4、直线振动筛5、自锁型直线涡轮推杆6、贝类收集槽7、传送带8、传送带滚轴总成9、二次筛分漏斗10、清洁管道11、动力电机支架12、储水槽13、动力电机14、前轮15、直线振动筛驱动电机16、偏心轴17、传送带驱动电机18、贝类导向板19、自吸式抽水泵20、后轮21、传动链条总成22、后传动轴23、前传动轴24、贝类挖掘铲25、车架26、轴承27和涡轮转盘28，所述车架26下部安装有后传动轴23和前传动轴24，后传动轴23和前传动轴24上安装有后轮21和前轮15，实现整机的行走；后传动轴23通过传动链条总成22和动力电机14相连接，动力电机14外设有动力电机支架12，清洁管道11一端穿过动力电机支架12连接储水槽13，另一端连接二次筛分漏斗10，用于清洗贝类；二次筛分漏斗10旁设有贝类收集槽7，贝类收集槽7下方为传送带8，传送带8通过传送带滚轴总成9与传送带驱动电机18相连接，传送带8右侧设有贝类导向板19，实现将贝类输送到储水槽13；自吸式抽水泵20与清洁管道11相连接，提供清洗动力；车架26左侧安装有贝类挖掘铲25，贝类挖掘铲25上部设有双向螺旋轴2，实现贝类向内聚拢；双向螺旋轴2与螺旋轴驱动电机1相连接，用于提供动力；螺旋轴驱动电机1固定在螺旋轴支架3上，螺旋轴支架3安装在车架26左侧，直线振动筛5安装在贝类挖掘铲25的右侧，用于将贝类振动式运输上来；直线振动筛5旁边安装有直线振动筛驱动电机16，直线振动筛驱动电机16安装有偏心轴17，用于振动；轴承27安装在前传动轴24与车架26的连接处，用于减少阻力。 Automatic tidal shellfish harvesting machine, including screw shaft drive motor 1, bidirectional screw shaft 2, screw shaft support 3, turbine turntable drive motor 4, linear vibrating screen 5, self-locking linear turbine push rod 6, shellfish collection tank 7 , conveyor belt 8, conveyor belt roller assembly 9, secondary screening funnel 10, cleaning pipe 11, power motor bracket 12, water storage tank 13, power motor 14, front wheel 15, linear vibrating screen drive motor 16, eccentric shaft 17, Conveyor belt driving motor 18, shellfish guide plate 19, self-priming pump 20, rear wheel 21, drive chain assembly 22, rear drive shaft 23, front drive shaft 24, shellfish digging shovel 25, vehicle frame 26, bearing 27 and the turbine turntable 28, the rear transmission shaft 23 and the front transmission shaft 24 are installed on the bottom of the vehicle frame 26, and the rear transmission shaft 23 and the front transmission shaft 24 are equipped with rear wheels 21 and front wheels 15 to realize the walking of the complete machine; The transmission shaft 23 is connected with the power motor 14 through the transmission chain assembly 22, the power motor 14 is provided with a power motor bracket 12, one end of the cleaning pipe 11 passes through the power motor bracket 12 to connect to the water storage tank 13, and the other end is connected to the secondary screening funnel 10, used for cleaning shellfish; a shellfish collection tank 7 is arranged next to the secondary screening funnel 10, and a conveyor belt 8 is located below the shellfish collection tank 7, and the conveyor belt 8 is connected to the conveyor belt drive motor 18 through the conveyor belt roller assembly 9, The right side of the conveyor belt 8 is provided with a shellfish guide plate 19, which realizes that the shellfish is transported to the water storage tank 13; the self-priming water pump 20 is connected with the cleaning pipeline 11 to provide cleaning power; the left side of the vehicle frame 26 is equipped with a shellfish digging shovel 25. The upper part of the shellfish digging shovel 25 is provided with a bidirectional helical shaft 2 to realize the inward gathering of the shellfish; the bidirectional helical shaft 2 is connected with the helical shaft driving motor 1 to provide power; the helical shaft driving motor 1 is fixed on the helical shaft support 3, the screw shaft support 3 is installed on the left side of the vehicle frame 26, and the linear vibrating screen 5 is installed on the right side of the shellfish digging shovel 25, and is used to vibrate the shellfish to be transported up; the linear vibrating screen 5 is installed next to it Drive motor 16, linear vibrating screen drive motor 16 is equipped with eccentric shaft 17, is used for vibration; Bearing 27 is installed in the junction of front transmission shaft 24 and vehicle frame 26, is used for reducing resistance.
所述螺旋轴支架3上设有涡轮转盘驱动电机4，涡轮转盘驱动电机4上安装有涡轮转盘28，涡轮转盘28和双向螺旋轴2相啮合，实现刮削作用，涡轮转盘28共设有两部以提高工作效率。 The screw shaft support 3 is provided with a turbine turntable drive motor 4, and a turbine turntable 28 is installed on the turbine turntable drive motor 4, and the turbine turntable 28 is engaged with the two-way screw shaft 2 to realize scraping. The turbine turntable 28 is provided with two parts altogether. To improve work efficiency.
所述螺旋轴支架3位于贝类挖掘铲25的上方，实现立体式工作并节省空间。 The screw shaft support 3 is located above the shellfish digging shovel 25 to realize three-dimensional work and save space.
所述螺旋轴支架3与贝类收集槽7之间安装有自锁型直线涡轮推杆6，用于调节与滩涂间的距离，根据不同的地形实现最佳的工作效率。 A self-locking linear turbine push rod 6 is installed between the screw shaft support 3 and the shellfish collection tank 7, which is used to adjust the distance from the tidal flat, and achieve the best work efficiency according to different terrains.
本发明的使用方法：将该贝类采集机，前方双向螺旋轴2切割滩涂表面将贝类与泥沙翻出，双向螺旋轴2的旋转会使得泥沙混合物以及贝类都朝向采贝机中间运动，两个涡轮转盘28与双向螺旋轴2做同步运动（类似蜗轮蜗杆传动），将部分粘在螺旋轴上的泥沙混合物铲下，后方挖掘铲将贝类以及泥沙混合物传送到直线振动筛5中，直线振动筛5通过一定频率振动将贝类与泥沙分离开来，贝类受到激振力的作用下朝传送带方向运动，通过传送带的传送，将贝类传送至导向板，贝类分流至两个储水槽13中，自吸式抽水泵20从底部抽出水，使得水体流动，贝类表面的泥沙被大部分清洗掉，贝类同时连同水体一起朝向管道运动，在管道中继续清洗，最终落至二次筛分漏斗10中，贝类由于倾斜的筛网朝贝类收集槽7中运动，漏斗下的水同时回流至储水槽13中，实现水循环使用；贝类在贝类收集槽7中，可以通过外加大小筛分机构进行分离，大大提高了采集分类效率。 The use method of the present invention: with the shellfish harvester, the two-way helical shaft 2 in front cuts the tidal flat surface and pulls out the shellfish and sediment, and the rotation of the two-way helical shaft 2 will make the sediment mixture and shellfish all face the middle of the shellfish harvester Movement, two turbine turntables 28 and two-way helical shaft 2 do synchronous movement (similar to worm gear transmission), shovel down part of the sediment mixture sticking to the helical shaft, and the rear digging shovel transmits the shellfish and the sediment mixture to the linear vibration In the screen 5, the linear vibrating screen 5 vibrates at a certain frequency to separate the shellfish from the sediment. Under the action of the exciting force, the shellfish moves towards the direction of the conveyor belt. The shellfish is divided into two water storage tanks 13, and the self-priming water pump 20 draws water from the bottom, so that the water body flows, and the sediment on the surface of the shellfish is mostly washed away, and the shellfish moves towards the pipeline together with the water body at the same time. Continue to clean, and finally fall into the secondary screening funnel 10, the shellfish moves towards the shellfish collection tank 7 due to the inclined screen, and the water under the funnel returns to the water storage tank 13 simultaneously to realize water recycling; In the class collection tank 7, it can be separated by adding a large and small screening mechanism, which greatly improves the efficiency of collection and classification.
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Application publication date: 20150902 |