CN104861079A - Microwave assisted lentinan extraction equipment and technology - Google Patents
Microwave assisted lentinan extraction equipment and technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to microwave assisted lentinan extraction equipment and technology, the equipment includes an extraction device, a decoloring device, a purification device and a concentration device which are successively arranged, the extraction device includes an extraction reactor, the upper end of the extraction reactor is provided with an enzyme preparation adding port, the extraction reactor is provided with a microwave generator; the decoloring device is filled with macroporous resin, the macroporous resin particle size is 30-50 mesh; the extraction device, the decoloring device, the purification device and the concentration device which are successively connected by a pipeline, and a filtering device is arranged between the extraction device and the decoloring device. The microwave assisted lentinan extraction equipment combines the enzymatic extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, is easy for industrialized production, and has the advantages of short process, simple and economic process, and the like, the lentinan prepared by the microwave assisted lentinan extraction equipment has the characteristics of high extraction yield, high purity, and the like, and the extraction equipment can ensure the lentinan biological activity is not destroyed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polysaccharide extracting process, especially relate to a kind of equipment and technique thereof of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan.
Background technology
Mushroom is the basidiomycetes of Pleurotaceae, delicious flavour, is medicine-food two-purpose fungi.Particularly lentinan (Lentinan) wherein has significant anti-tumor activity, and can alleviate the toxic side effect of radiation and chemotherapy.Japanese scholars thousand in 1969 is former takes the lead in confirming the anti-tumor activity of mushroom hot water extraction thing, plumage field, assistant wood further research confirm that its effective constituent is lentinan, Coro Chihara lixiviate from mushroom fruiting body goes out 6 kinds of lentinans, and prove that wherein one has obvious antitumor action, names as Lentinan.Within 1980, the second-class confirmation lentinan of trust is Th cell activator, and it makes body's immunity be restored and improves and suppress, engulf tumour cell, can be used for auxiliary cancer therapy.Lentinan is also to serum GPT(transaminase) there is obvious restraining effect, Lu Yongzhi etc. (1985) have done further checking from dynamic characteristic aspect.Simple literary compositions etc. (1986) also confirm that the extract containing lentinan has the effect of platelet aggregation-against.Some researchs simultaneously prove, lentinan can also improve SOD activity and reduce lipofuscin content and antifatigue effect.Because lentinan has good nutrition, medicinal and health value, recent domestic conducts extensive research utilization to it.
Lentinan finished product is white powdery solids, to light and thermally stable.In water, maxima solubility is 3g/L; Can be dissolved in 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide, solubleness can reach 50g/L ~ 100g/L; Be insoluble in methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone and other organic solvent.Lentinan has water absorbability, is 92.5% in relative humidity, and temperature is place 15 days in the environment of 25 DEG C, and water regain can reach 40%.At present, the main extracting method of lentinan has water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, extraction etc., but there is the shortcomings such as extraction process complexity, solvent usage quantity is large, the time is long, and easily causes polysaccharide to degrade, and biological activity reduces, and extraction yield is lower.
In addition, the polysaccharide soln extracted from mushroom, plant, general containing darker color, the existence of pigment affects purity and the theoretical investigation of polysaccharide, therefore will remove as far as possible, and conventional decoloring method has H
2o
2method, activated carbon method and ion-exchange-resin process etc., polysaccharide decolouring is a critical process of polysaccharide purification, and the polysaccharide decolouring darker for color does not still have desirable method.Existing method mainly adopts charcoal absorption to decolour, and the method decolorizing effect is general, and gac is serious to the absorption of polysaccharide, H
2o
2also for polysaccharide decolouring, although decolorizing effect is pretty good, there is the problem of polysaccharide degraded, this probably affects the biological activity of polysaccharide, therefore uses its decolouring to consider carefully.Ion exchange resin uses DEAE cellulose column usually, because DEAE Mierocrystalline cellulose is expensive, generally can only extract high purity polysaccharide and use in theoretical investigation, can not apply in suitability for industrialized production.
Extraction is the critical process of separation of polysaccharides purifying, and be the most basic work of research polysaccharide, its leaching process, technique, purity of polysaccharide directly affect the biological activity of polysaccharide, therefore, study efficient, economic lentinan extracting and developing method and have realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of equipment and technique thereof of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan.
A kind of equipment of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, described equipment comprises the extraction element, decoloration device, purification devices, the concentrating unit that arrange in turn, described extraction element comprises extraction reactor, described extraction reactor upper end is provided with zymin and adds entrance, and described extraction reactor is provided with microwave generator; Be filled with macroporous resin in described decoloration device, described macroporous resin particle diameter is 30 ~ 50 orders; Described extraction element, decoloration device, purification devices, concentrating unit sequentially pass through pipeline communication; Filtration unit is provided with between described extraction element and decoloration device.
As preferably, described equipment also comprises washing unit, drying installation and proofing unit, before described washing unit is arranged on extraction element, after drying installation is arranged on concentrating unit, after described proofing unit is arranged on drying installation, described proofing unit comprises spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph.
As preferably, described purification devices is pottery membrane microfiltration device, and described concentrating unit comprises rotary evaporating device, and described drying installation is freeze drier.
A technique for microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, comprises the steps:
(1) thing pre-treatment to be extracted: mushroom is cleaned and dries, be ground into the meal that particle diameter is 0.20 ~ 0.35mm;
(2) zymin pre-treatment: thing to be extracted is placed in extraction reactor, adds certain volume water and zymin, adjust ph in extraction reactor, to mushroom extract enzymolysis certain hour;
(3) microwave extraction: open microwave device, after microwave radiation extraction certain hour, filter to obtain lentinan extracting solution;
(4) decolorization: adopt macroporous resin to carry out decolouring purifying to lentinan extracting solution;
(5) grading purification: the lentinan extracting solution after decolouring is put into pottery membrane microfiltration device, carries out grading purification;
(6) concentrated, alcohol precipitation process: utilize rotary evaporating device to be carried out being concentrated to certain proportion by lentinan extracting solution, 95% ethanol adding certain volume in concentrated solution makes lentinan concentrated solution be settled out lentinan;
(7) drying process: adopt freeze-drying method to make lentinan dry.
Concerning the extracting and developing of polysaccharide, note the problem of two aspects, one is the yield of polysaccharide, and two is the purity of polysaccharide, in the yield ensureing that polysaccharide biological activity can not be destroyed in leaching process, the purity of gained polysaccharide improves polysaccharide under not affecting the prerequisite of correlative study as far as possible.Extraction is the critical process of separation of polysaccharides purifying, research polysaccharide most basic work, its leaching process, technique, purity of polysaccharide directly affect polysaccharide biological activity, therefore, study efficient, economic lentinan extracting and developing method there is realistic meaning.
As preferably, in step (2), in extraction reactor, terms and conditions is controlled as: feed liquid mass ratio is 1:15 ~ 25, zymin consumption 0.5 ~ 1.5%, and hydrolysis temperature is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, and extraction time is 50 ~ 70min, pH 4.0 ~ 6.0.
As preferably, described zymin is any one in polygalacturonase, cellulase, neutral protease or aspartic protease.
As preferably, in step (3), microwave power is 500 ~ 700W, microwave radiation extraction 3 ~ 7min.
As preferably, in step (4), macroporous resin is DA201-C macroporous resin, decolorization condition control be: pH value 4 ~ 6, temperature 30 ~ 50 DEG C, flow velocity 2 ~ 4BV/h.
As preferably, in step (6), the volume of 95% ethanol of sedimentation is 3 ~ 6 times of concentrated solution.
As preferably, the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, comprises the steps:
(1) thing pre-treatment to be extracted: mushroom is cleaned and dries, be ground into the meal that particle diameter is 0.25mm;
(2) zymin pre-treatment: thing to be extracted is placed in extraction reactor, adds certain volume water and neutral protease, adjust ph in extraction reactor, to mushroom extract enzymolysis certain hour; Wherein, feed liquid mass ratio is 1:22, neutral protein enzyme dosage 1.0%, and hydrolysis temperature is 50 DEG C, and extraction time is 60min, pH 5.0;
(3) microwave extraction: open microwave device, adjustment microwave power is at 600W, and microwave radiation extraction 5min, filters to obtain lentinan extracting solution;
(4) decolorization: adopt particle diameter to be that 40 object DA201-C macroporous resins carry out decolouring purifying to lentinan extracting solution, utilize DA201-C macroporous resin in pH value 4 ~ 6, temperature 40 DEG C, under the processing condition of flow velocity 3BV/h, carries out the desolventing technology of lentinan extracting solution;
(5) grading purification: the lentinan extracting solution after decolouring is put into pottery membrane microfiltration device, carries out grading purification; First carry out micro-filtration, then select and carry out ultrafiltration through membrane molecule amount, obtain the purifying lentinan in different fractionated molecule amount interval;
(6) concentrated, alcohol precipitation process: utilize rotary evaporating device to be carried out being concentrated to certain proportion by lentinan extracting solution, 95% ethanol adding 4 times of volumes in concentrated solution makes lentinan concentrated solution be settled out lentinan;
(7) drying process: adopt freeze-drying method to make lentinan dry;
(8) detection and structural analysis: carry out polysaccharide content detection by spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph, and analyzed by the monose composition of column front derivation to lentinan.
Zymin pre-treatment: add corresponding enzyme to decompose mushroom cell walls in the process of lixiviate lentinan, promote polysaccharide release, increase the extraction yield of lentinan, corresponding protein enzyme also contributes to reducing protein content in extracting solution, reduce purification time and operation, improve purity of polysaccharide.
Microwave radiation exaraction: the heating effect and the biological wall breaking effect that utilize microwave, greatly can shorten experiment and production time, reduce energy consumption, minimizing solvent load and the generation of refuse, yield and extract purity can be improved simultaneously, its superiority is not only to reduce experimental implementation expense and production cost, the more important thing is that this technology meets the requirement of " green " environmental protection more.
Grading purification: ultra-filtration and separation purified polysaccharide is also be separated with the difference of shape according to polysaccharide molecular weight, the ultra-filtration membrane of PSPP can optionally through the polysaccharide that molecular weight or volume vary in size, and polysaccharide is carried out separation and purification, there is certain inspissated to polysaccharide extraction liquid, reduce concentration time and energy consumption.First carry out micro-filtration and remove supramolecular and particulate matter, then select and carry out ultrafiltration through membrane molecule amount, obtain the purifying lentinan in different fractionated molecule amount interval.Ultra-filtration and separation equipment is simple, easy to operate, and treatment capacity is large, relative to gel filtration chromatography, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production polysaccharide.
Enzyme extraction combines with microwave radiation exaraction by the present invention, is not only easy to suitability for industrialized production, has the advantages such as flow process is short, technique simple economy, and is had by the lentinan that this technique prepares that extraction yield is high, purity high.Ensure that the biological activity of lentinan is not destroyed simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present device;
Fig. 2 is present invention process route map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of equipment of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, described equipment comprises the extraction element 1, decoloration device 2, purification devices 3, the concentrating unit 4 that arrange in turn, described extraction element 1 comprises extraction reactor, described extraction reactor upper end is provided with zymin and adds entrance 5, described extraction reactor is provided with microwave generator 6; Be filled with macroporous resin in described decoloration device 2, described macroporous resin particle diameter is 30 ~ 50 orders; Described extraction element 1, decoloration device 2, purification devices 3, concentrating unit 4 sequentially pass through pipeline communication; Filtration unit 7 is provided with between described extraction element 1 and decoloration device 2.
Described equipment also comprises washing unit, drying installation and proofing unit, before described washing unit is arranged on extraction element, after drying installation is arranged on concentrating unit, after described proofing unit is arranged on drying installation, described proofing unit comprises spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph.
Described purification devices is pottery membrane microfiltration device, and described concentrating unit comprises rotary evaporating device (Rotary Evaporators), and described drying installation is freeze drier.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, comprises the steps:
(1) thing pre-treatment to be extracted: mushroom is cleaned and dries, be ground into the meal that particle diameter is 0.25mm;
(2) zymin pre-treatment: thing to be extracted is placed in extraction reactor, adds certain volume water and neutral protease, adjust ph in extraction reactor, to mushroom extract enzymolysis certain hour; Wherein, feed liquid mass ratio is 1:22, neutral protein enzyme dosage 1.0%, and hydrolysis temperature is 50 DEG C, and extraction time is 60min, pH 5.0;
(3) microwave extraction: open microwave device, adjustment microwave power is at 600W, and microwave radiation extraction 5min, filters to obtain lentinan extracting solution;
(4) decolorization: adopt particle diameter to be that 40 object DA201-C macroporous resins carry out decolouring purifying to lentinan extracting solution, utilize DA201-C macroporous resin in pH value 4 ~ 6, temperature 40 DEG C, under the processing condition of flow velocity 3BV/h, carries out the desolventing technology of lentinan extracting solution;
(5) grading purification: the lentinan extracting solution after decolouring is put into pottery membrane microfiltration device, carries out grading purification; First carry out micro-filtration and remove supramolecular and particulate matter, then select and carry out ultrafiltration through membrane molecule amount, obtain the purifying lentinan in different fractionated molecule amount interval, and certain inspissated is played to extracting solution;
(6) concentrated, alcohol precipitation process: utilize Rotary Evaporators to be carried out being concentrated to certain proportion by lentinan extracting solution, 95% ethanol adding 4 times of volumes in concentrated solution makes lentinan concentrated solution be settled out lentinan;
(7) drying process: adopt freeze-drying method to make lentinan dry;
(8) detection and structural analysis: carry out polysaccharide content detection by spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph, and analyzed by the monose composition of column front derivation to lentinan.The content obtaining lentinan product is 91%, and it is 9.12% that lentinan extracts yield.
Embodiment 3
Mushroom meal particle diameter is on the impact of extracting extraction process
The thickness of Chinese herb particle can have an impact to extraction yield, and particle diameter is thinner, and specific surface area is larger, and larger with the contact surface of solvent, extraction rate is higher.But particle is thinner, soltion viscosity is larger, cause extract solution and raw-material filtering separation more difficult, therefore granular size is moderate.Investigated mushroom meal particle diameter from the impact of 0.20 ~ 0.35mm on Polyose extraction yield, result shows, when particle diameter is 0.25mm, its net effect is the most suitable.
Embodiment 4
Solid-liquid ratio is on the impact of extracting extraction process
Investigate different feed liquid ratio (1:15 ~ 25) to the impact of extracting extraction process, found that, along with the increase of quantity of solvent, the extraction yield also corresponding raising of polysaccharide, this is because quantity of solvent is large, in solution, polysaccharide concentration is low, is conducive to the mass transfer of polysaccharide, but quantity of solvent is excessive, subsequent concentration step power consumption increases, and the time increases, when solid-liquid ratio is lower, extracting solution viscosity is comparatively large, causes filtration difficulty.Result shows, when solid-liquid ratio is 1:22, its net effect is the most suitable.
Embodiment 5
Zymin consumption is on the impact of extracting extraction process
The concentration of enzyme will control certain limit, and excessive enzyme concn can the inhibited reaction of competing property.At 50 DEG C, under pH 5.0, enzymolysis 60min condition, investigate the impact on Polyose extraction yield and protein content of enzyme dosage in neutral protease enzymolysis process, to determine best enzyme dosage, result shows, and after neutral protein enzyme dosage is increased to 1.0% in Extraction medium, then increases enzyme dosage, Polyose extraction yield substantially no longer increases, and the content of protein is along with the increase of enzyme dosage, protein content reduces, and this illustrates the protein that neutral protease can be degraded in mushroom.After enzyme dosage is greater than 1.0%, substantially maintain a lower level, therefore select neutral protein enzyme dosage to be 1.0%.
Embodiment 6
Temperature is on the impact of extracting extraction process
Temperature improves, be conducive to the velocity of diffusion accelerating molecule, increase solute solubleness in a solvent simultaneously, and reduce the viscosity of solvent, often can significantly improve the extraction yield of solute, but polysaccharide is heat sensitive material, this will consider the destruction of high temperature to polysaccharide, and therefore the selection of temperature is a very important factor.
Be 1:22 at feed liquid mass ratio, pH value 5.0, enzymolysis time 60min, enzyme dosage is under 1.0% condition, has investigated from 40 ~ 60 DEG C of differing tempss, and hydrolysis temperature is on the impact of lentinan and proteins extraction yield, result shows, when hydrolysis temperature is 50 DEG C, it is the highest that lentinan extracts yield, and proteins extraction yield is minimum.Because the enzyme digestion reaction of proteolytic enzyme is also a kind of chemical reaction, still there is activation energy, so in certain temperature range, temperature also meets general chemical reaction rule to the enzymatic impact of proteolytic enzyme, namely the kinetic energy of protease molecule increases along with the increase of temperature, thus accelerated reaction speed; On the other hand because proteolytic enzyme is a kind of protein, under the condition of being heated, also reaction of degeneration can occur, temperature just also exists the effect of activation and inactivation two aspect to proteolytic enzyme.The optimum temperuture of enzyme reaction is exactly the result of these two kinds of process balances.
Embodiment 7
Enzymolysis time is on the impact of extracting extraction process
At 50 DEG C, when pH value is 5.0, when enzyme dosage is 1.0 %, the time (50 ~ 70min) that enzymolysis is different, result shows, and after enzymolysis time is more than 60min, enzymolysis is substantially complete, then time expand, and lentinan extracts yield and improves slowly.
Embodiment 8
Microwave power is on the impact of polysaccharide yield
Investigate from 500 ~ 700W different capacity, microwave power extracts the impact of yield to lentinan, result shows that microwave power has a certain impact to Polyose extraction yield, along with the increase of microwave intensity, Polyose extraction yield also increases, this is because microwave intensity is larger, the ability that microwave penetration medium enters feed stock material is stronger, the interior Heating temperature produced is higher, and cell more easily breaks, polysaccharide just easy stripping.But after power is more than 600W, Polyose extraction variation of yield is tending towards slow.
Embodiment 9
The microwave extraction time is on the impact of polysaccharide yield
Change the microwave extraction time, investigate extraction time (3 ~ 7min) to the impact of Polyose extraction yield, result shows, Polyose extraction yield increases with the prolongation of extraction time, but after the time increases to 5min, Polyose extraction yield slightly declines on the contrary.This is because extraction time is longer, solution temperature is higher, and likely at high temperature, the cause of degrading or structure is destroyed occurs molecule polysaccharide, and therefore the microwave extraction time can not be oversize.
Claims (10)
1. the equipment of a microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, it is characterized in that: described equipment comprises the extraction element, decoloration device, purification devices, the concentrating unit that arrange in turn, described extraction element comprises extraction reactor, described extraction reactor upper end is provided with zymin and adds entrance, and described extraction reactor is provided with microwave generator; Be filled with macroporous resin in described decoloration device, described macroporous resin particle diameter is 30 ~ 50 orders; Described extraction element, decoloration device, purification devices, concentrating unit sequentially pass through pipeline communication; Filtration unit is provided with between described extraction element and decoloration device.
2. the equipment of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described equipment also comprises washing unit, drying installation and proofing unit, before described washing unit is arranged on extraction element, after drying installation is arranged on concentrating unit, after described proofing unit is arranged on drying installation, described proofing unit comprises spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph.
3. the equipment of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described purification devices is pottery membrane microfiltration device, and described concentrating unit comprises rotary evaporating device, and described drying installation is freeze drier.
4. a technique for microwave radiation exaraction lentinan, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) thing pre-treatment to be extracted: mushroom is cleaned and dries, be ground into the meal that particle diameter is 0.20 ~ 0.35mm;
(2) zymin pre-treatment: thing to be extracted is placed in extraction reactor, adds certain volume water and zymin, adjust ph in extraction reactor, to mushroom extract enzymolysis certain hour;
(3) microwave extraction: open microwave device, after microwave radiation extraction certain hour, filter to obtain lentinan extracting solution;
(4) decolorization: adopt macroporous resin to carry out decolouring purifying to lentinan extracting solution;
(5) grading purification: the lentinan extracting solution after decolouring is put into pottery membrane microfiltration device, carries out grading purification;
(6) concentrated, alcohol precipitation process: utilize rotary evaporating device to be carried out being concentrated to certain proportion by lentinan extracting solution, 95% ethanol adding certain volume in concentrated solution makes lentinan concentrated solution be settled out lentinan;
(7) drying process: adopt freeze-drying method to make lentinan dry.
5. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in step (2), in extraction reactor, terms and conditions is controlled as: feed liquid mass ratio is 1:15 ~ 25, zymin consumption 0.5 ~ 1.5%, hydrolysis temperature is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, extraction time is 50 ~ 70min, pH 4.0 ~ 6.0.
6. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described zymin is any one in polygalacturonase, cellulase, neutral protease or aspartic protease.
7. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (3), and microwave power is 500 ~ 700W, microwave radiation extraction 3 ~ 7min.
8. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (4), and macroporous resin is DA201-C macroporous resin, and decolorization condition control is: pH value 4 ~ 6, temperature 30 ~ 50 DEG C, flow velocity 2 ~ 4BV/h.
9. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (6), and the volume of 95% ethanol of sedimentation is 3 ~ 6 times of concentrated solution.
10. the technique of microwave radiation exaraction lentinan according to claim 4, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) thing pre-treatment to be extracted: mushroom is cleaned and dries, be ground into the meal that particle diameter is 0.25mm;
(2) zymin pre-treatment: thing to be extracted is placed in extraction reactor, adds certain volume water and neutral protease, adjust ph in extraction reactor, to mushroom extract enzymolysis certain hour; Wherein, feed liquid mass ratio is 1:22, neutral protein enzyme dosage 1.0%, and hydrolysis temperature is 50 DEG C, and extraction time is 60min, pH 5.0;
(3) microwave extraction: open microwave device, adjustment microwave power is at 600W, and microwave radiation extraction 5min, filters to obtain lentinan extracting solution;
(4) decolorization: adopt particle diameter to be that 40 object DA201-C macroporous resins carry out decolouring purifying to lentinan extracting solution, utilize DA201-C macroporous resin in pH value 4 ~ 6, temperature 40 DEG C, under the processing condition of flow velocity 3BV/h, carries out the desolventing technology of lentinan extracting solution;
(5) grading purification: the lentinan extracting solution after decolouring is put into pottery membrane microfiltration device, carries out grading purification; First carry out micro-filtration, then select and carry out ultrafiltration through membrane molecule amount, obtain the purifying lentinan in different fractionated molecule amount interval;
(6) concentrated, alcohol precipitation process: utilize rotary evaporating device to be carried out being concentrated to certain proportion by lentinan extracting solution, 95% ethanol adding 4 times of volumes in concentrated solution makes lentinan concentrated solution be settled out lentinan;
(7) drying process: adopt freeze-drying method to make lentinan dry;
(8) detection and structural analysis: carry out polysaccharide content detection by spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatograph, and analyzed by the monose composition of column front derivation to lentinan.
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