CN104848914A - Water level signal lamp alerter - Google Patents
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- CN104848914A CN104848914A CN201410495645.7A CN201410495645A CN104848914A CN 104848914 A CN104848914 A CN 104848914A CN 201410495645 A CN201410495645 A CN 201410495645A CN 104848914 A CN104848914 A CN 104848914A
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Abstract
The invention provides a water level signal lamp alarm device which is equipment for automatic monitoring of urban road water level height in urban water logging so that road water level monitoring is enabled to be intelligent, a water level alarm value can be artificially set, passing vehicles can be alerted to pay attention to driving safety of the road ahead by accurately utilizing light, and thus a problem of road driving safety in urban water logging can be effectively solved. The device comprises a water level acquisition terminal and a sound-light alarm terminal which are connected by adopting a wired or wireless mode. The concrete components include a solar panel, a radio frequency transmitting antenna, a controller, a water level difference value verification device, a standby lithium battery, a water gauge, an eight-bit parallel bus, water level sensors, a vibrating wire type sensor, a pressure transmitter, an RS-485 serial bus transmitting terminal, an eight-bit parallel bus interface, a reed switch contact type water level sensor, a capacitive contact type water level sensor, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel battery, a water level difference vale encoder, an RS-485 serial bus receiving terminal, red, yellow and green three-color LED alarm lamps, a radio frequency receiving antenna and an ESD electrostatic protection module. The arrangement position of the device is confirmed by remote sensing detection and water area simulation and division.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic water level monitoring. The water level monitoring device is mainly applied to automatic water level monitoring, in particular to a water level monitoring device for monitoring various water areas formed in low-lying road sections which are easy to accumulate water in cities during urban waterlogging and a water level measuring and alarming method according to different water areas.
Background
In China, the drainage systems of most cities are not perfect. When rainstorm comes, if ponding cannot be discharged in time, urban waterlogging is easy to cause. Particularly, in bridge tunnels and the like, excessive water accumulation easily causes road flooding, and brings great potential safety hazard to the passing of vehicles. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the water level of the road and send out warning information when urban inland inundation occurs.
At present, most of domestic areas are still in the artificial observation stage for monitoring the water level of roads when inland inundation occurs, and the following two problems mainly exist:
firstly, the intelligent degree is low, and a driver can judge whether to normally pass or not by manually observing the height of the water level;
secondly, the warning effect is poor, and the driver may neglect the observation of the road water level value and continue driving, thereby bringing about hidden troubles in driving.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a device for monitoring the water level of urban roads during urban waterlogging, which can manually set a water level warning value, and can accurately warn passing vehicles by using lamplight to pay attention to the driving safety of the front roads, thereby effectively solving the problem of the driving safety of the roads during urban waterlogging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the water level signal lamp alarm device comprises a water level acquisition end and an acousto-optic alarm end, wherein the water level acquisition end comprises a solar panel, a radio frequency transmitting antenna, a controller, a water level difference calibrator, a standby lithium battery, a water gauge, an eight-bit parallel bus, a water level sensor, a vibrating string sensor, a pressure transmitter, an RS-485 serial bus transmitting end, an eight-bit parallel bus interface, a reed pipe contact type water level sensor, a capacitance contact type water level sensor, an oxyhydrogen fuel cell, a water level difference encoder and a first ESD electrostatic protection module.
The sound and light alarm end comprises a loudspeaker, an RS-485 serial bus receiving end, a red LED warning lamp, a yellow LED warning lamp, a green LED warning lamp, a radio frequency receiving antenna, a second ESD electrostatic protection module, a water level acquisition end and the sound and light alarm end, and the water level acquisition end and the sound and light alarm end can be connected in a wired or wireless mode.
The solar panel in the water level acquisition end is arranged at the top end and is connected with the standby lithium battery through the charging circuit; a water level gauge is arranged outside the water level acquisition end, a water level sensor is arranged along the direction of the water level gauge, and the water level sensor is provided with an eight-bit parallel bus interface and is connected with a water level difference calibrator and a controller through an eight-bit parallel bus; the bottom end of the water level acquisition end is provided with a vibrating wire type sensor and a pressure transmitter; the top of the water level acquisition end is also provided with a radio frequency transmitting antenna and an RS-485 serial bus transmitting end; and a first ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged at a proper position of the water level acquisition end.
The water level sensor consists of a reed pipe contact type water level sensor and a capacitance contact type water level sensor, and data of the sensor is encoded by a water level difference encoder and then is connected with an eight-bit parallel bus through an eight-bit parallel bus interface; an oxyhydrogen fuel cell is also arranged in the water level sensor, and can provide a standby power supply when the sensor wades. Each water level acquisition end can be provided with 3-6 groups of water level sensors, each group of water level sensors comprises 2 different water level probes, and acquisition of three states of water, surge and submergence is realized.
The loudspeaker is arranged at the top end of the sound-light alarm end, the RS-485 serial bus receiving end and the radio frequency receiving antenna are arranged outside the sound-light alarm end, the red LED warning lamp, the yellow LED warning lamp and the green LED warning lamp are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the second ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged at a proper position at the top end of the sound-light alarm end.
The connection mode that adopts between water level acquisition end and the audible-visual alarm end does: the wired mode adopts RS-485 serial bus connection, and the wireless mode adopts 433M radio frequency receiving and transmitting connection.
The working principle and the function of each part are as follows:
and the control unit (mainly comprising a controller) is used for managing and calling other modules and controlling the operation of the whole equipment. When the water level monitoring module detects that the water level height of the road reaches the warning value, the control unit controls the light warning module to be started for light warning through the output of the relay, and therefore vehicles passing by are warned of the traffic safety of the road in front. The control unit mainly comprises a microprocessor and a peripheral driving circuit. The peripheral driving circuit mainly comprises a vibrating string type sensor, a low-level water level triggering unit, a high-level water level monitoring unit and an acousto-optic alarm output control unit.
And the water level monitoring module (mainly comprising a water level sensor) is used for monitoring the height of the water level of the road. The water level monitoring module mainly comprises a water gauge and a plurality of groups of water level sensors. The water level sensor comprises a reed pipe contact type water level sensor and a capacitance contact type water level sensor. The reed pipe contact type water level sensor judges the water level by sensing the buoyancy of water. The other is a capacitance contact type water level sensor which senses the water level through the charge movement when the probe touches water. The reed pipe contact type water level sensor is used as an on-duty sensor, and the capacitance contact type water level sensor is used as a standby sensor. And respectively fixing the water level sensors at corresponding heights of the water gauge according to a preset water level warning value, and when the water level reaches the heights of different probes, judging that the current water level reaches the corresponding warning water level by the control unit, and driving the light warning module to perform light warning at a corresponding level in a wired or wireless transmission mode.
The water level monitoring module can generate a corresponding signal to inform the control unit that the current water level reaches the corresponding warning water level and alarm at a corresponding level is required. The device may be provided with 3-6 sets of level sensors, each sensor communicating with the control unit via an 8-bit parallel bus.
The water level monitoring module has a water level difference configuration. The water level difference calibrator mainly comprises a water level difference encoder and a water level difference calibrator. The water level difference encoder can identify three states of water contact, surge and submergence through the combination of the two sensors, and converts the water level states into differential Manchester digital codes after completing the frame head, the frame tail, the address bit and the check bit. And the water level difference is demodulated by the water level difference calibrator and then is transmitted to the control unit to analyze the water level difference.
The water area acquisition module comprises a vibrating wire sensor, pressure transmitters and an MCU unit, and comprises 1 vibrating wire sensor and 2-8 (needing to be multiples of 2) pressure transmitters. The MCU unit is integrated in the control unit. And the vibrating wire type sensor senses the ground material level by judging the resonant frequency and the frequency shift. The ground micro vibration can be sensed through complicated mechanical conversion. The pressure transmitter judges the water area condition by collecting a plurality of water pressures. The system is acquired by a plurality of pressure transmitters and a vibrating wire type sensor, and the MCU processes and converts sensor information to obtain a simulated water area region and judge the condition of vehicles coming and going.
When the water level reaches a set value, the light alarm module and the sound alarm module are started, and the light alarm module is used for warning the passing vehicles of the driving safety of the road in front by light. The light alarm module mainly comprises green, yellow and red LED warning lights with different colors. Each warning lamp is composed of a plurality of light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes use solid semiconductor chips as light emitting materials, excess energy is released through carrier recombination in semiconductors, photon emission is caused, and red, yellow and green light is emitted. The three colors of light represent three different levels of warning, respectively. The green light is safe for all vehicles to pass, the yellow light is recommended for small vehicles to go around, and the red light is recommended for all vehicles to go around.
And the sound alarm module is used for sending out a sound alarm signal along with the light alarm signal. The sound alarm signal is composed of voice prompt and alarm sound. The voice alarm signal is synthesized by TTS voice, and supports GB2312 code (simplified Chinese) and Arabic digital voice synthesis. The synthesized analog audio signal is amplified by the analog audio amplifier and then sounded through the loudspeaker. The loudness is greater than 90dB, and the warning device has a good warning effect.
And the transmission bus is used for connecting and controlling the water level monitoring module and the light alarming module by the control unit. The water level monitoring module is controlled by an 8-bit parallel bus, 6 groups (12 in total) of sensors can be arranged at most, and the data types comprise 4-bit addresses, 2-bit data, 1-bit states and 1-bit parity check. The light alarm module is controlled by an RS-485 serial bus. The control unit adopts balanced transmission and the light alarm module adopts differential reception, and has the capability of inhibiting common-mode interference. The system adopts RS-485 bus networking and a half-duplex working mode, has high sensitivity, can detect the voltage as low as 200mV, and has the maximum transmission rate of 10 Mbps. The slave machines do not actively send commands or data at any time in the whole network, and all the slave machines are controlled by the host machine. The slaves cannot communicate with each other and must forward information even if there is information exchanged through the master. The communication medium uses twisted pair wires with a shield and a 120 Ω resistor is installed at each end of the transmission line. When no signal is transmitted on the bus, the bus is in a floating state and is easily affected by interference signals. The positive end of a differential signal on a bus and a +5V power supply are indirectly connected with a resistor of 10k omega; the positive and negative terminals are indirectly connected by a 10k omega resistor to form a resistor network. When no transmission signal is transmitted on the bus, the level of the positive terminal is 3.2V, the voltage of the negative terminal is 1.6V, even if an interference signal exists, the initial signal of serial communication is difficult to generate, and therefore the anti-interference capacity of the bus is improved. The bus flow design is as in fig. 6.
And the sound alarm module is used for sending out a sound alarm signal along with the light alarm signal. The sound alarm signal is composed of voice prompt and alarm sound. The voice alarm signal is synthesized by TTS voice, and supports GB2312 code (simplified Chinese) and Arabic digital voice synthesis. The synthesized analog audio signal is amplified by the analog audio amplifier and then sounded through the loudspeaker. The loudness is greater than 90dB, and the warning device has a good warning effect.
The ESD electrostatic protection module arranged at the water level acquisition end and the acousto-optic alarm end can effectively prevent static electricity from interfering the equipment and carry out electrostatic protection on the equipment. The module mainly adopts a TVS tube to play a role in transient suppression. And surge impact is prevented by adopting a discharge tube and a piezoresistor. The module is mainly used for performing rapid overvoltage protection on circuit elements so as to prevent the circuit elements from being damaged due to inductive lightning and electrostatic discharge.
And the power module has the main functions of power supply control and charge and discharge management of equipment. The power module mainly comprises a solar charging controller and a direct current voltage stabilizing source. The solar cell panel charges the internal lead-acid battery through the charging controller, and has three charging stages of trickle charging, constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging. The direct current voltage regulator part outputs 3.3V and 12V system voltage to supply power for the system. The device uses a lead acid battery as the primary power supply, a backup lithium battery (fig. 1) as the redundant power supply configuration, and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as the sensor backup power supply (fig. 2). The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell can be started only under the condition of water, and a standby power supply is effectively provided for the working of the sensor.
And the water level monitoring module and the light alarm module are connected in a wired and wireless parallel mode. The wired transmission adopts an RS-485 bus and is connected by a 2-core shielding signal cable. The wireless connection adopts 433M radio frequency communication to carry out wireless transmission and data exchange, and the water level monitoring module is connected with the light alarm module in an address pairing mode.
The invention also aims to provide a water area water level measuring and alarming method adopting the water level signal lamp alarming device, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a water area, and roughly dividing the position of an area which is easy to accumulate water frequently;
(2) carrying out remote sensing detection on the roughly divided water area so as to obtain accurate position information;
(3) analyzing and calculating the remote sensing data, and forming a simulation diagram consisting of accurate position information of the water area part and the non-water area part;
(4) dividing the water area in the accurate position information simulation diagram, wherein the divided shape comprises a basic shape and an abnormal shape, the basic shape is a rectangle, and the abnormal shape is a cross shape;
(5) and a water level signal lamp alarm device is arranged at the outlet position and the key position of the water area to measure and alarm the water level of the water area.
Wherein,
the water area determination in the step (1) is determined according to regions with excess water records historically;
the remote sensing in the step (2) is carried out at high altitude, and the remote sensing can be carried out by erecting detection equipment on a high-rise building near a water area, or installing the detection equipment on an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned helicopter to adopt an aerial photography mode, or adopting a remote sensing satellite detection mode, wherein an adopted sensor is an ultrasonic infrared ray water area analog sensor;
in the step (4), the water area is divided according to the accurate position information simulation diagram according to the following rules: because urban ponding is usually on low-lying roads, the water area is generally divided into two types, one type is a basic rectangle, namely a road; the other type is special-shaped, namely a crossing shape, the crossing shape is divided into a herringbone shape (three-way crossing), a cross shape (four-way crossing), a large-size shape (five-way crossing) and the like according to the number of road crossings at the intersection, and the like.
For a basic rectangular water area, 4 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at four corners of the rectangular water level signal lamp alarm device, two long sides of the rectangular water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged redundantly according to the length of the long sides, and 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is usually arranged at the position at intervals of the length of one short side, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the rectangular water area is 4+2(n-1), n is a multiple of the long side relative to the short side, and n is a positive integer; in particular, for a square water area, the long side is equal to the short side, n is 1, and the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices is 4;
for the special-shaped water area, 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is arranged at the intersection point of two adjacent roads, and 2 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at the opening position of each road, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the special-shaped water area is 3m, wherein m is a positive integer larger than or equal to 3; in particular, for a herringbone intersection, m is 3, and the number of water level signal lamp alarm devices is 9; for the cross intersection, m is 4, and the water level signal lamp alarm device is 12; for a large-character-shaped intersection, m is 5, the water level signal lamp alarm device is 15, and the rest can be analogized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sound and light alarm is combined, and the sound and light alarm can effectively play a warning role; the vibrating wire type sensor is arranged, and the traffic situation of the vehicle can be judged. And send out the voice alarm signal; the system is provided with a redundant power supply configuration, and a lithium battery can be used as a standby power supply; the water level sensor difference configuration is provided, and the water level difference can be converted through an encoder and a calibrator; the device has a water area simulation configuration, and can acquire information and convert the water area condition through the pressure transmitter.
This water level signal lamp alarm device can realize carrying out automatic monitoring's function to the water level on the road when urban waterlogging, makes the monitoring of road water level become intelligent. The water level signal lamp alarm can perform light alarm of three levels according to a preset water level warning value, and the meaning of the color of the alarm light of each level is similar to that of a traffic light, so that an effective warning effect can be achieved.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the technical descriptions of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description (except for the prior art drawings) are only some embodiments of the present invention, and the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description; and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water level acquisition end structure of a water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water level sensor of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the acousto-optic alarm end of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 4-1 is a circuit diagram of an ultrasonic infrared sensor of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 4-2 is a circuit diagram of a vibrating wire sensor of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-3 are circuit diagrams of analog signal amplifiers of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-4 are signal transmission circuit diagrams of the water level sensor of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4 to 5 are circuit diagrams for comparing water level differences of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-6 are schematic diagrams of UPS switching circuits of redundant power supplies of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIGS. 4-7 are circuit diagrams for charging solar cells of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-8 are circuit diagrams of the acousto-optic alarm output control circuit of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-9 are level conversion circuit diagrams of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIGS. 4-10 are circuit diagrams of control units of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an infrared receiving part of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 6-1 is a flow chart of an RS-485 host of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIG. 6-2 is a flow chart of an RS-485 slave computer of the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIG. 7-1 is a water area division simulation diagram for water area measurement using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 7-2 is a diagram showing the result of disc remote sensing analysis of water area measurement using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 7-3 is a water area simulation histogram for water area measurement using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 7-4 is a rectangular water area simulation diagram for water area measurement by using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIG. 8-1 is a schematic diagram of a redundant configuration of sensors in a rectangular water area (two outlets) for water area measurement using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the present invention
FIG. 8-2 is a schematic diagram of a herringbone water area (three outlets) sensor redundancy configuration mode for water area measurement by using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
FIG. 8-3 is a schematic diagram of a redundant configuration mode of sensors in an abnormal water area at an intersection (four outlets) for measuring the water area by using the water level signal lamp alarm device of the invention
In FIG. 8, the middle part of the figure is a simulated water area, and dots represent the installation positions of water level collection ends
The corresponding part names indicated by the numbers and letters in the drawings:
1. solar energy plate 8 water level sensor
2. RF transmitting antenna 359 vibrating wire type sensor
3. Controller 10. pressure transmitter
4. Water level difference checker 11, RS-485 serial bus sending terminal
5. Spare lithium battery (redundant power supply) 12 eight-bit parallel bus interface
6. Water gauge 13. dry reed pipe contact type water level sensor
7. Eight-bit parallel bus 4014 capacitance contact type water level sensor
15. Hydrogen oxygen fuel cell 519 red LED warning lamp
16. Water level difference encoder 20. yellow LED warning lamp
17. Loudspeaker 21. green LED warning lamp
RS-485 serial bus receiving terminal 22, radio frequency receiving antenna
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as limited to general meanings or dictionary meanings, but interpreted as meanings and concepts conforming to the technical spirit of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor can define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Accordingly, the embodiment described in the present specification and the structure shown in the drawings are only one of the best embodiments of the present invention and do not fully represent the technical idea of the present invention, and it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications may be made to the present invention.
For example, certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. Furthermore, the term "coupled" is intended to include any direct or indirect electrical connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct electrical connection, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices and connections. The following description is of the preferred embodiment for carrying out the invention, and is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
The following description will be made by taking the accompanying drawings as an example, as shown in fig. 1-3, the water level signal lamp alarm device includes a water level collection end and an acousto-optic alarm end, wherein the water level collection end includes a solar panel 1, a radio frequency transmitting antenna 2, a controller 3, a water level difference checker 4, a standby lithium battery 5, a water gauge 6, an eight-bit parallel bus 7, a water level sensor 8, a vibrating string sensor 9, a pressure transmitter 10, an RS-485 serial bus transmitting end 11, an eight-bit parallel bus interface 12, a reed pipe contact type water level sensor 13, a capacitance contact type water level sensor 14, an oxyhydrogen fuel cell 15, a water level difference encoder 16, and a first ESD electrostatic protection module (not shown in the figure). The sound and light alarm end comprises a loudspeaker 17, an RS-485 serial bus receiving end 18, a red LED warning lamp 19, a yellow LED warning lamp 20, a green LED warning lamp 21, a radio frequency receiving antenna 22 and a second ESD electrostatic protection module (not shown in the figure), and the water level acquisition end and the sound and light alarm end can be connected in a wired or wireless mode.
In FIG. 1, the solar panel in the water level collection end is arranged at the top end and is connected with the standby lithium battery through the charging circuit, and the solar battery charging circuit is shown in FIGS. 4-7; a water level gauge is arranged outside the water level acquisition end, a water level sensor is arranged along the direction of the water level gauge, and the water level sensor is provided with an eight-bit parallel bus interface and is connected with a water level difference calibrator and a controller through an eight-bit parallel bus; the bottom end of the water level acquisition end is provided with a vibrating wire type sensor and a pressure transmitter; the top of the water level acquisition end is also provided with a radio frequency transmitting antenna and an RS-485 serial bus transmitting end; and a first ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged at a proper position of the water level acquisition end. The device may be provided with 3-6 sets of level sensors, each sensor communicating with the control unit via an 8-bit parallel bus. The water level monitoring module has a water level difference configuration. The water level difference calibrator mainly comprises a water level difference encoder and a water level difference calibrator. The water level difference encoder can identify three states of water contact, surge and submergence through the combination of the two sensors, and converts the water level states into differential Manchester digital codes after completing the frame head, the frame tail, the address bit and the check bit. The water level difference value is demodulated by the water level difference value checker and then transmitted to the control unit to analyze the water level difference value, the signal amplification and transmission circuit diagram of the water level sensor is shown in figures 4-3 and 4-4, and the water level difference value comparison circuit diagram is shown in figures 4-5. The water area acquisition module comprises a vibrating wire sensor, pressure transmitters and an MCU unit, and comprises 1 vibrating wire sensor and 2-8 (needing to be multiples of 2) pressure transmitters. The MCU unit is integrated in the control unit. And the vibrating wire type sensor senses the ground material level by judging the resonant frequency and the frequency shift. The ground micro vibration can be sensed through complicated mechanical conversion, and a circuit diagram of the vibrating wire type sensor is shown in figure 4-2. The pressure transmitter judges the water area condition by collecting a plurality of water pressures. The system is acquired by a plurality of pressure transmitters and a vibrating wire type sensor, and the MCU processes and converts sensor information to obtain a simulated water area region and judge the condition of vehicles coming and going.
The connection mode that adopts between water level acquisition end and the audible-visual alarm end does: the wired mode adopts RS-485 serial bus connection, and the wireless mode adopts 433M radio frequency receiving and transmitting connection.
In fig. 2, the water level sensor is composed of a reed pipe contact type water level sensor and a capacitance contact type water level sensor, and data of the sensor is encoded by a water level difference encoder and then is connected with an eight-bit parallel bus through an eight-bit parallel bus interface; an oxyhydrogen fuel cell is also arranged in the water level sensor, and can provide a standby power supply when the sensor wades. Each water level acquisition end can be provided with 3-6 groups of water level sensors, each group of water level sensors comprises 2 different water level probes, and acquisition of three states of water, surge and submergence is realized.
In fig. 3, a speaker is arranged at the top end of the sound-light alarm end, an RS-485 serial bus receiving end and a radio frequency receiving antenna are arranged outside the sound-light alarm end, a red LED warning lamp, a yellow LED warning lamp and a green LED warning lamp are arranged in the order from top to bottom, and a second ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged at a proper position at the top end of the sound-light alarm end. And the light alarm module is used for warning the passing vehicles to pay attention to the driving safety of the road in front by light. The light alarm module mainly comprises green, yellow and red LED warning lights with different colors. Each warning lamp is composed of a plurality of light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes use solid semiconductor chips as light emitting materials, excess energy is released through carrier recombination in semiconductors, photon emission is caused, and red, yellow and green light is emitted. The three colors of light represent three different levels of warning, respectively. The green light is safe for all vehicles to pass, the yellow light is recommended for small vehicles to go around, and the red light is recommended for all vehicles to go around. The circuit diagram of the acousto-optic alarm output control circuit is shown in figures 4-8.
The eight-bit parallel bus in fig. 1, namely the transmission bus, is used for the control unit to connect and control the two modules of water level monitoring and light alarming. The water level monitoring module is controlled by an 8-bit parallel bus, 6 groups (12 in total) of sensors can be arranged at most, and the data types comprise 4-bit addresses, 2-bit data, 1-bit states and 1-bit parity check. The light alarm module is controlled by an RS-485 serial bus. The control unit adopts balanced transmission and the light alarm module adopts differential reception, and has the capability of inhibiting common-mode interference. The system adopts RS-485 bus networking and a half-duplex working mode, has high sensitivity, can detect the voltage as low as 200mV, and has the maximum transmission rate of 10 Mbps. The slave machines do not actively send commands or data at any time in the whole network, and all the slave machines are controlled by the host machine. The slaves cannot communicate with each other and must forward information even if there is information exchanged through the master. The communication medium uses twisted pair wires with a shield and a 120 Ω resistor is installed at each end of the transmission line. When no signal is transmitted on the bus, the bus is in a floating state and is easily affected by interference signals. The positive end of a differential signal on a bus and a +5V power supply are indirectly connected with a resistor of 10k omega; the positive and negative terminals are indirectly connected by a 10k omega resistor to form a resistor network. When no transmission signal is transmitted on the bus, the level of the positive terminal is 3.2V, the voltage of the negative terminal is 1.6V, even if an interference signal exists, the initial signal of serial communication is difficult to generate, and therefore the anti-interference capacity of the bus is improved. The bus flow design is as in fig. 6. The circuit diagrams of the control unit of the water level signal lamp alarm device are shown in figures 4-10.
When the water level reaches a set value, the light alarm module and the sound alarm module are started, and the light alarm module is used for warning the passing vehicles of the driving safety of the road in front by light. The light alarm module mainly comprises green, yellow and red LED warning lights with different colors. Each warning lamp is composed of a plurality of light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes use solid semiconductor chips as light emitting materials, and the light emitting diodes emit light of red, yellow and green by photon emission caused by excessive energy released by carrier recombination in semiconductors. The three colors of light represent three different levels of warning, respectively. The green light is safe for all vehicles to pass, the yellow light is recommended for small vehicles to go around, and the red light is recommended for all vehicles to go around.
And the sound alarm module is used for sending out a sound alarm signal along with the light alarm signal. The sound alarm signal is composed of voice prompt and alarm sound. The voice alarm signal is synthesized by TTS voice, and supports GB2312 code (simplified Chinese) and Arabic digital voice synthesis. The synthesized analog audio signal is amplified by the analog audio amplifier and then sounded through the loudspeaker. The loudness is greater than 90dB, and the warning device has a good warning effect. The level conversion in the audible alarm module is shown in the circuit diagrams 4-9.
The ESD electrostatic protection module arranged at the water level acquisition end and the acousto-optic alarm end can effectively prevent static electricity from interfering the equipment and carry out electrostatic protection on the equipment. The module mainly adopts a TVS tube to play a role in transient suppression. And surge impact is prevented by adopting a discharge tube and a piezoresistor. The module is mainly used for performing rapid overvoltage protection on circuit elements so as to prevent the circuit elements from being damaged due to inductive lightning and electrostatic discharge.
And the power module has the main functions of power supply control and charge and discharge management of equipment. The power module mainly comprises a solar charging controller and a direct current voltage stabilizing source. The solar cell panel charges the internal lead-acid battery through the charging controller, and has three charging stages of trickle charging, constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging. The direct current voltage regulator part outputs 3.3V and 12V system voltage to supply power for the system. The device uses a lead-acid battery as the primary power supply, a backup lithium battery (see fig. 1) as the redundant power supply configuration, and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as the sensor backup power supply (see fig. 2). The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell can be started only under the condition of water, and a standby power supply is effectively provided for the working of the sensor. The redundant power UPS switching circuit diagrams are shown in fig. 4-6.
And the water level monitoring module and the light alarm module are connected in a wired and wireless parallel mode. The wired transmission adopts an RS-485 bus and is connected by a 2-core shielding signal cable. The wireless connection adopts 433M radio frequency communication to carry out wireless transmission and data exchange, and the water level monitoring module is connected with the light alarm module in an address pairing mode.
In the water area water level measuring and alarming method adopting the water level signal lamp alarming device, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a water area, and roughly dividing the position of an area which is easy to accumulate water frequently;
(2) carrying out remote sensing detection on the roughly divided water area so as to obtain accurate position information;
(3) analyzing and calculating the remote sensing data, and forming a simulation diagram consisting of accurate position information of the water area part and the non-water area part;
(4) dividing the water area in the accurate position information simulation diagram, wherein the divided shape comprises a basic shape and an abnormal shape, the basic shape is a rectangle, and the abnormal shape is a cross shape;
(5) and a water level signal lamp alarm device is arranged at the outlet position and the key position of the water area to measure and alarm the water level of the water area.
Wherein,
the water area determination in the step (1) is determined according to regions with excess water records historically;
the remote sensing in the step (2) is carried out at high altitude, the remote sensing can be carried out by erecting the detection equipment on a high-rise building near a water area, or installing the detection equipment on an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned helicopter to adopt an aerial photography mode, or adopting a remote sensing satellite detection mode, and the adopted sensor is an ultrasonic infrared water area analog sensor and is used for detecting a water level difference value to provide water area analog calculation. The ultrasonic liquid level sensor comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the circuit diagram of the ultrasonic infrared sensor is shown in figure 4-1, and the circuit diagram of the infrared receiving part is shown in figure 5. The system is generated by using a 555 time base circuit to generate an oscillating signal to drive a transducer to generate 30kHz ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic receiver comprises an ultrasonic receiving probe and a signal conditioning circuit. The receiving probe must be of a type corresponding to the transmitting probe, otherwise, resonance cannot be generated to influence the receiving effect. Because the ultrasonic signal is very weak, the ultrasonic signal must be adjusted by a conditioning circuit and then sent to a microprocessor for processing. The circuit utilizes an infrared special receiving integrated chip CX20106 to modulate and demodulate ultrasonic waves. The front-end circuit converts the received signal into a standard digital signal which can be received by CX20106 and sends the standard digital signal to the No. 1 pin of CX20106, and the total gain of CX20106 is determined by the external resistor-capacitor connected with the No. 2 pin. The signal processed by CX20106 is output to an external interrupt of the microprocessor by pin 7. The slave acquisition module formed by the ultrasonic sensor and the water level acquisition module circuit is shown in the fourth drawing, and the internal logic framework of the infrared special receiving integrated chip CX20106 is shown in the fifth drawing. For water, the spectral characteristics of water are determined by the absorption and scattering properties of various substances in the water on light radiation, and the spectral characteristics of water are researched by optimizing the wave band combination to obtain the optimal spectral information. The visible light reflection of the water body comprises three parts: water surface reflection, water bottom material reflection and water suspended material reflection. The reflectivity of the natural water body in the electromagnetic wave range of 0.4-2.5um is very low, the visible light range is about 3 percent mostly, and the natural water body is represented as dark tone on a color remote sensing image and is easily identified mainly in a blue-green light wave band; in the infrared band, the water almost absorbs all incident energy in the near infrared band and the intermediate infrared band, so that the multi-time domain image of the infrared band (1.55-1.75um) is preferably selected for the water distribution change. And the swampiness is reflected on the multi-time domain image as the area of the water body is reduced, and the water body is regularly changed to the edge, so that the vegetation characteristics with different degrees are displayed. The water area simulation extraction is to primarily separate the water area from other targets, and further obtain the direction and shape of the water area to facilitate accurate extraction. Marking two largest water areas W1 and W2 by a water area marking method after segmentation, wherein the rest part (A-W1-W2) of the image is regarded as a non-water area, and then marking the largest non-water area part N in the (A-W1-W2); the (A-W1-N) area is also considered to be the water area, so that N is the final non-water area (land and bridge) and (A-N) is the final water area, so that the water area and the non-water area are separated and the cavities in the water area and the non-water area are removed, the result of the separation being shown in FIG. 7-1.
FIG. 7-2 shows the result of a water area simulation of the disk with the remote sensing image, and FIG. 7-3 shows a histogram calculated therefrom, the abscissa of the histogram shows the angle and the ordinate shows the distance from the point to the central pixel, the disk is divided into 72 equal parts (n-18) and the spokes are divided into 72 equal partsWhen the angle (i) is 1, …, or 4n) is pi (2n), the abscissa in the horizontal direction is 1 or 37, and the abscissa in the vertical direction is 19 or 57. The traditional toe-finding algorithm (toe-finding algorithm) detects well raised peaks but does not detect precisely flat peaks, while the original toe algorithm is partially modified because of the use of region growing within radius r, introducing more precise initial bridge segments, resulting in relatively flat peaks in the text. Fig. 7-4 are schematic diagrams of rectangular water area simulations.
In the step (4), the water area is divided according to the accurate position information simulation diagram according to the following rules: because urban ponding is usually on low-lying roads, the water area is generally divided into two types, one type is a basic rectangle, namely a road; the other type is special-shaped, namely a crossing shape, the crossing shape is divided into a herringbone shape (three-way crossing), a cross shape (four-way crossing), a large-size shape (five-way crossing) and the like according to the number of road crossings at the intersection, and the like.
For a basic rectangular water area, 4 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at four corners of the rectangular water level signal lamp alarm devices, two long edges of the rectangular water area are redundantly arranged according to the length of the long edges, 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is usually arranged at the position at intervals of the length of one short edge, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the rectangular water area is 4+2(n-1), n is the multiple of the long edges relative to the short edges, n is a positive integer, see fig. 8-1, a light color part in the figure represents a simulated water area, and round dots represent the installation positions of the water level signal lamp alarm devices; in particular, for a square water area, the long side is equal to the short side, n is 1, and the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices is 4;
for the special-shaped water area, 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is arranged at the intersection point of two adjacent roads, and 2 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at the opening position of each road, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the special-shaped water area is 3m, wherein m is a positive integer larger than or equal to 3; in particular, for a herringbone intersection, m is 3, the number of water level signal light alarm devices is 9, see fig. 8-2; for the crossroad, m is 4, and the water level signal lamp alarm device is 12, as shown in fig. 8-3; for a large-character-shaped intersection, m is 5, the water level signal lamp alarm device is 15, and the rest can be analogized.
The principle of sensor redundancy configuration is further explained for rectangular water areas or special-shaped water areas. The rectangular water area foundation water area analog sensors are installed at four corners of the water area, and redundant sensors are additionally installed on long edges of the rectangular water area foundation water area analog sensors. The simulated water area information is more accurately obtained by comprehensively analyzing the signals. The sensor redundancy configuration adopts a stable well flow formula to process well points in a water area network model square grid, a correction formula is provided, and the correction formula is combined with a finite difference model of a pumping well. The finite difference method is used to obtain the lattice point fluid pressure which is not the pressure of the producing well, but is equivalent to the fluid pressure at a certain equivalent radius (which is equal to 0.2 times the side length of a square), so that the well index correction method is provided. The algorithm obtains a well water level correction formula of the square differential grid of the rectangular water area on the premise of considering the quasi-stable flow formed at the periphery of the rectangular water area (between the well point of the water area and the adjacent node) according to the unstable well flow theory. For the finite rectangular water area simulation, a well water level correction formula is derived under the special condition that the well periphery of the rectangular water area is divided into 4 isosceles triangle units. A stable well flow formula containing an influence radius is used, and a rectangular water area is simulated by taking finite difference numerical simulation of rectangular grids and polygonal grids of underground water flow as an example. The related principles and formula derivation are not described herein.
For the rectangular water area in fig. 8-1, the water level of the rectangular water area can be accurately judged only by collecting the four corners of the rectangle because the water plane is necessarily horizontal. In addition, redundant sensors are additionally arranged on the long sides of the rectangle, so that the water level change of a water area caused by passing of vehicles can be sensed. The low-lying area of the crossroad can be considered as collecting two overlapped rectangular water areas, and the distribution of the sensors is shown in 8-2. Two rectangle waters all install 2 redundant sensors additional on the long limit to for two rectangle waters sharing. The situation in fig. 8-2 is a special case where four roads intersect vertically and can therefore be seen as a superposition of two rectangular waters, but with the number of water level signalling alarms being identical to the result calculated according to the formula for the odd waters.
It is noted that while the above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, as noted above, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and from various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a water level signal lamp alarm device, includes water level collection end and audible-visual warning end, its characterized in that: the water level acquisition end comprises a solar panel (1), a radio frequency transmitting antenna (2), a controller (3), a water level difference calibrator (4), a standby lithium battery (5), a water gauge (6), an eight-bit parallel bus (7), a water level sensor (8), a vibrating string sensor (9), a pressure transmitter (10), an RS-485 serial bus sending end (11), an eight-bit parallel bus interface (12), a reed pipe contact type water level sensor (13), a capacitance contact type water level sensor (14), an oxyhydrogen fuel cell (15), a water level difference encoder (16) and a first ESD electrostatic protection module;
the sound-light alarm end comprises a loudspeaker (17), an RS-485 serial bus receiving end (18), a red LED warning lamp (19), a yellow LED warning lamp (20), a green LED warning lamp (21), a radio frequency receiving antenna (22) and a second ESD electrostatic protection module,
the water level acquisition end and the acousto-optic alarm end can be connected in a wired or wireless mode.
2. The water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 1, wherein: the solar panel (1) in the water level acquisition end is arranged at the top end and is connected with the standby lithium battery (5) through the charging circuit;
a water gauge (6) is arranged outside the water level acquisition end, a water level sensor (8) is arranged along the direction of the water gauge (6), the water level sensor (8) is provided with an eight-bit parallel bus interface (12) and is connected with a water level difference checker (4) and a controller (3) through an eight-bit parallel bus (7);
the bottom end of the water level acquisition end is provided with a vibrating wire type sensor (9) and a pressure transmitter (10);
the top of the water level acquisition end is also provided with a radio frequency transmitting antenna (2) and an RS-485 serial bus transmitting end (11):
and a first ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged at a proper position of the water level acquisition end.
3. The water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 2, wherein: the water level sensor (8) consists of a reed pipe contact type water level sensor (13) and a capacitance contact type water level sensor (14), and data of the sensor is encoded by a water level difference encoder (16) and then is connected with an eight-bit parallel bus (7) through an eight-bit parallel bus interface (12);
an oxyhydrogen fuel cell (15) is also arranged in the water level sensor (8).
4. The water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 1, wherein: the LED wireless sound-light alarm system comprises a loudspeaker (17), an RS-485 serial bus receiving end (18), a radio frequency receiving antenna (22), a red LED warning lamp (19), a yellow LED warning lamp (20) and a green LED warning lamp (21), wherein the loudspeaker is arranged at the top end of a sound-light alarm end, the RS-485 serial bus receiving end and the radio frequency receiving antenna are arranged outside the sound-light alarm end, the red LED warning lamp, the yellow LED warning lamp and the green LED warning lamp are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a second ESD electrostatic protection module is arranged.
5. The water level signal lamp warning device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: each water level acquisition end can be provided with 3-6 groups of water level sensors (8), and each group of water level sensors (8) comprises 2 different water level probes.
6. The water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 5, wherein: the connection mode that adopts between water level acquisition end and the audible-visual alarm end does: the wired mode adopts RS-485 serial bus connection, and the wireless mode adopts 433M radio frequency receiving and transmitting connection.
7. A water area water level measurement alarm method adopting a water level signal lamp alarm device is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a water area, and roughly dividing the position of an area which is easy to accumulate water frequently;
(2) carrying out remote sensing detection on the roughly divided water area so as to obtain accurate position information;
(3) analyzing and calculating the remote sensing data, and forming a simulation diagram consisting of accurate position information of the water area part and the non-water area part;
(4) dividing the water area in the accurate position information simulation diagram, wherein the divided shape comprises a basic shape and an abnormal shape, the basic shape is a rectangle, and the abnormal shape is a cross shape;
(5) the water level signal lamp alarm device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged at the outlet position and the key position of the water area to measure and alarm the water level of the water area.
8. The water level measurement alarm method using the water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 7, wherein:
the water area determination in the step (1) is determined according to regions with excess water records historically;
the remote sensing in the step (2) is carried out at high altitude, and the remote sensing can be carried out by erecting the detection equipment on a high-rise building near a water area, or installing the detection equipment on an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned helicopter to adopt an aerial photography mode, or adopting a remote sensing satellite detection mode, wherein the adopted sensor is an ultrasonic infrared ray water area analog sensor.
9. The water level measurement alarm method using the water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein:
in the step (4), the water area is divided according to the accurate position information simulation diagram according to the following rules: because urban ponding is usually on low-lying roads, the water area is generally divided into two types, one type is a basic rectangle, namely a road; the other type is special-shaped, namely a crossing shape, the crossing shape is divided into a herringbone shape (three-way crossing), a cross shape (four-way crossing), a large-size shape (five-way crossing) and the like according to the number of road crossings at the intersection, and the like.
10. The water level measurement alarm method using the water level signal lamp alarm device according to claim 9, wherein:
for a basic rectangular water area, 4 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at four corners of the rectangular water level signal lamp alarm device, two long sides of the rectangular water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged redundantly according to the length of the long sides, and 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is usually arranged at the position at intervals of the length of one short side, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the rectangular water area is 4+2(n-1), n is a multiple of the long side relative to the short side, and n is a positive integer; in particular, for a square water area, the long side is equal to the short side, n is 1, and the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices is 4;
for the special-shaped water area, 1 water level signal lamp alarm device is arranged at the intersection point of two adjacent roads, and 2 water level signal lamp alarm devices are arranged at the opening position of each road, namely the number of the water level signal lamp alarm devices in the special-shaped water area is 3m, wherein m is a positive integer larger than or equal to 3; in particular, for a herringbone intersection, m is 3, and the number of water level signal lamp alarm devices is 9; for the cross intersection, m is 4, and the water level signal lamp alarm device is 12; for a large-character-shaped intersection, m is 5, the water level signal lamp alarm device is 15, and the rest can be analogized.
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