CN104841831B - Hydraulic multi-directional forging device - Google Patents
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- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000251131 Sphyrna Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种液压多向锻造装置，包括承压板、矩形机架以及连接承压板和矩形机架的四个供油缸。矩形机架包括外框架、内框架以及四个工作缸，四个工作缸两两相对地设置在矩形机架的横向中心线和纵向中心线上，每个工作缸包括缸体、位于缸体中的活塞、分别位于活塞两端的小直径活塞杆和大直径活塞杆，以及位于大直径活塞杆上的锤头。供油缸包括缸体和位于缸体中的活塞、位于活塞上方的大直径活塞杆和位于活塞下方的小直径活塞杆，导油管路设置在供油缸的供油孔和工作缸的油孔之间。该锻造装置实现四个锤头实时同步运动，进而使工件变形均匀，提高了生产效率。同时利用液压传力有效减小摩擦力及能源损失，提高装置效率。
A hydraulic multidirectional forging device comprises a pressure bearing plate, a rectangular frame and four oil supply cylinders connecting the pressure bearing plate and the rectangular frame. The rectangular frame includes an outer frame, an inner frame, and four working cylinders, and the four working cylinders are arranged on the transverse centerline and the longitudinal centerline of the rectangular frame oppositely, and each working cylinder includes a cylinder body and is located in the cylinder body. A piston, a small-diameter piston rod and a large-diameter piston rod located at both ends of the piston, and a hammer head located on the large-diameter piston rod. The oil supply cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston located in the cylinder body, a large-diameter piston rod located above the piston, and a small-diameter piston rod located below the piston, and the oil guide line is arranged between the oil supply hole of the oil supply cylinder and the oil hole of the working cylinder . The forging device realizes the real-time synchronous movement of the four hammerheads, thereby making the deformation of the workpiece uniform and improving the production efficiency. At the same time, hydraulic force transmission is used to effectively reduce friction and energy loss, and improve device efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及金属材料加工领域，具体涉及锻造中的多向锻造技术领域。The invention relates to the field of metal material processing, in particular to the technical field of multidirectional forging in forging.
背景技术Background technique
随着技术的发展金属材料加工领域对锻造技术工艺和产品质量的要求越来越高。不断向降低成本、高效率方向推进是锻造行业的发展趋势，因此，多向锻造技术应运而生。多向锻造技术的产生在一定程度上提高了生产效率和材料利用率，并且可以加工普通模锻无法以此完成的复杂工件。但是，随着各种类型的多向自由锻设备的不断增多，这些设备所存在的各种问题也日益明显，其中最突出的问题是锤头在不同方向施力不均，不能达到有效同步，进而导致工件变形不均，影响锻件加工质量。With the development of technology, the field of metal material processing has higher and higher requirements for forging technology and product quality. It is the development trend of the forging industry to continuously promote the direction of cost reduction and high efficiency. Therefore, multi-directional forging technology has emerged as the times require. The emergence of multi-directional forging technology has improved production efficiency and material utilization to a certain extent, and can process complex workpieces that cannot be completed by ordinary die forging. However, with the continuous increase of various types of multi-directional free forging equipment, various problems existing in these equipments are becoming more and more obvious. The most prominent problem is that the hammer head exerts uneven force in different directions and cannot achieve effective synchronization. This will lead to uneven deformation of the workpiece and affect the processing quality of the forging.
现有的四锤头锻造装置四个锤头分别控制，难以做到四个锤头同步施加压力，两个方向的压力施加通常存在时间间隔，金属原料在先受到压力作用的方向上首先发生变形，另一个方向上的压力还未施加，对先发生的变形不能很好形成约束；现有技术中也有实现同步挤压的四锤头锻造装置，但通常采用楔形滑块原理，导致其所能提供的有效压下力不足动力源一半，并且存在较大摩擦力，加大了能量损失。In the existing four-hammer forging device, the four hammerheads are controlled separately, and it is difficult to apply pressure to the four hammerheads simultaneously. There is usually a time interval between the application of pressure in the two directions, and the metal raw material is first deformed in the direction where the pressure is first applied. , the pressure in the other direction has not yet been applied, and the deformation that occurs first cannot be well constrained; in the prior art, there are also four-hammer forging devices that realize simultaneous extrusion, but the principle of wedge-shaped sliders is usually used, so that it can The effective pressing force provided is less than half of the power source, and there is a large friction force, which increases the energy loss.
因此，现有的四锤头锻造装置虽然实现对工件沿四个方向施加压力进行变形，但是没有很好地解决同步问题和提供更大压下力的问题，这些问题都亟待解决。Therefore, although the existing four-hammer forging device realizes deformation of the workpiece by applying pressure in four directions, it does not solve the problem of synchronization and the problem of providing greater pressing force, and these problems need to be solved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有多向锻造设备存在的施力不均，不能有效同步，摩擦损失能量大等问题，本发明设计出一种同步性更好，能够提供更大压下力的液压多向锻造装置。In order to solve the problems existing in the existing multi-directional forging equipment such as uneven force application, ineffective synchronization, and large frictional energy loss, the present invention designs a hydraulic multi-directional forging device with better synchronization and greater pressing force .
本发明提供的技术方案如下：The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
一种液压多向锻造装置，包括承压板、位于所述承压板下方的矩形机架以及连接所述承压板和所述矩形机架的四个供油缸，所述矩形机架包括外框架、内框架以及连接所述外框架和所述内框架的四个工作缸，所述四个工作缸两两相对地分别设置在所述矩形机架的横向中心线和纵向中心线上，A hydraulic multidirectional forging device, comprising a pressure bearing plate, a rectangular frame below the pressure bearing plate, and four oil supply cylinders connecting the pressure bearing plate and the rectangular frame, the rectangular frame includes an outer a frame, an inner frame, and four working cylinders connecting the outer frame and the inner frame, and the four working cylinders are respectively arranged on the transverse centerline and the longitudinal centerline of the rectangular frame opposite to each other,
所述每个工作缸分别包括缸体、位于缸体中的活塞、分别设置于所述活塞两端的小直径活塞杆和大直径活塞杆以及设置于所述大直径活塞杆上的锤头；Each of the working cylinders includes a cylinder body, a piston located in the cylinder body, a small-diameter piston rod and a large-diameter piston rod respectively arranged at both ends of the piston, and a hammer head arranged on the large-diameter piston rod;
所述每个供油缸分别包括缸体和位于所述缸体中的活塞、分别设置于所述活塞上方的大直径活塞杆和设置于所述活塞下方的小直径活塞杆；以及Each of the oil supply cylinders respectively includes a cylinder body and a piston located in the cylinder body, a large-diameter piston rod arranged above the piston, and a small-diameter piston rod arranged below the piston; and
所述供油缸与所述工作缸一一对应，所述每个供油缸与其对应的每个工作缸通过导油管路连通，所述导油管路设置在所述供油缸的供油孔和所述工作缸的油孔之间，所述四个供油缸的液压油在所述承压板的作用下通过所述导油管路同时进入与其一一对应的工作缸，所述四个工作缸的活塞在油压的作用下同时带动所述锤头进行工作；所述供油缸的缸体通过其活塞分成了小直径活塞杆油腔和大直径活塞杆油腔，所述工作缸缸体通过其活塞分成了小直径活塞杆油腔和大直径活塞杆油腔，所述导油管路的连通方式为使得所述供油缸的大直径活塞杆油腔与所述工作缸的大直径活塞杆油腔连通，所述供油缸的小直径活塞杆油腔与所述工作缸的小直径活塞杆油腔连通。优选地，所述外框架包括依次相连的外框架上板、外框架左侧板、外框架下板和外框架右侧板，所述内框架包括依次相连的内框架上板、内框架左侧板、内框架下板和内框架右侧板。The oil supply cylinders are in one-to-one correspondence with the working cylinders, and each of the oil supply cylinders communicates with each corresponding working cylinder through an oil guide line, and the oil guide line is arranged between the oil supply hole of the oil supply cylinder and the Between the oil holes of the working cylinders, the hydraulic oil of the four oil supply cylinders enters the working cylinders corresponding to them one by one through the oil guide pipeline under the action of the pressure bearing plate, and the pistons of the four working cylinders Under the action of oil pressure, the hammer head is driven to work at the same time; the cylinder body of the oil supply cylinder is divided into a small diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large diameter piston rod oil chamber through its piston, and the cylinder body of the working cylinder is divided into a small diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large diameter piston rod oil chamber through its piston. Divided into a small-diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large-diameter piston rod oil chamber, the oil guide pipeline is connected in such a way that the large-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the oil supply cylinder communicates with the large-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the working cylinder , the small-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the oil supply cylinder communicates with the small-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the working cylinder. Preferably, the outer frame includes an upper board of the outer frame, a left side board of the outer frame, a lower board of the outer frame and a right side board of the outer frame connected in sequence, and the inner frame includes an upper board of the inner frame connected in sequence, a left side board of the inner frame board, inner frame lower board and inner frame right side board.
优选地，所述外框架上板上设有四个第一通孔，所述内框架上板上与所述外框架上板的四个第一通孔的对应位置上也设有四个第二通孔，所述四个第一通孔和所述四个第二通孔用于分别安装所述四个供油缸的缸体，所述内框架上板的四个第二通孔以及所述外框架上板的四个第一通孔的圆心O分别位于以所述承压板的中心U为圆心的一个相同圆周上，且分别分布在一矩形的四个顶点处。Preferably, the upper plate of the outer frame is provided with four first through holes, and the upper plate of the inner frame is also provided with four first through holes corresponding to the four first through holes on the upper plate of the outer frame. Two through holes, the four first through holes and the four second through holes are used to respectively install the cylinder bodies of the four oil supply cylinders, the four second through holes on the upper plate of the inner frame and the four second through holes The centers O of the four first through holes on the upper plate of the outer frame are respectively located on the same circle with the center U of the pressure bearing plate as the center, and are respectively distributed at the four vertices of a rectangle.
优选地，所述工作缸的活塞工作面积大于所述供油缸的活塞工作面积。Preferably, the piston working area of the working cylinder is larger than the piston working area of the oil supply cylinder.
优选地，所述工作缸的大直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞的工作面积与供油缸的大直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞的工作面积的比值和所述工作缸小直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞的工作面积与供油缸的小直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞的工作面积的比值相同，且该比值大于或等于2。Preferably, the ratio of the working area of the piston corresponding to the large-diameter piston rod oil cavity of the working cylinder to the working area of the piston corresponding to the large-diameter piston rod oil cavity of the oil supply cylinder and the small-diameter piston rod oil of the working cylinder The ratio of the working area of the piston corresponding to the chamber to the working area of the piston corresponding to the small-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the oil supply cylinder is the same, and the ratio is greater than or equal to 2.
优选地，所述外框架的外框架上板、外框架左侧板、外框架下板和外框架右侧板及所述内框架的内框架上板、内框架左侧板、内框架下板和内框架右侧板上分别都设置有一个第二通孔，所述每个工作缸的缸体分别插入到位于所述外框架的一个第二通孔和位于内框架的一个第二通孔中。Preferably, the upper panel of the outer frame, the left side panel of the outer frame, the lower panel of the outer frame and the right side panel of the outer frame and the upper panel of the inner frame, the left side panel of the inner frame and the lower panel of the inner frame of the inner frame and the right side plate of the inner frame are respectively provided with a second through hole, and the cylinder body of each working cylinder is respectively inserted into a second through hole located in the outer frame and a second through hole located in the inner frame middle.
优选地，所述四个工作缸的锤头均分别位于所述工作缸的活塞杆伸入到所述内框架中的一端上，并沿横向中心线和纵向中心线两两相对设置。Preferably, the hammerheads of the four working cylinders are respectively located on one end of the piston rod of the working cylinder protruding into the inner frame, and are arranged opposite to each other along the transverse centerline and the longitudinal centerline.
优选地，所述供油缸、所述工作缸与所述矩形机架之间采用螺栓和螺母的方式进行固定。Preferably, the oil supply cylinder, the working cylinder and the rectangular frame are fixed by means of bolts and nuts.
本发明所具有的优点是，本发明无需为完成多向锻造专门配备如由泵站、各种阀体等控制元件组成的液压动力系统，而只需将本发明多向锻造装置安装到普通液压机的活动横梁与工作台之间即可使用实现了四个锤头同步运动效果，进而使工件变形均匀，大大提高了生产效率；同时利用液压传力可以大大减小其他类似装置中部件相对运动造所成的摩擦力，减少了能源损失，提高能源利用率。本发明由于充分利用了液压传力的优点，能比其他类似装置提供更大压下力。The advantage of the present invention is that the present invention does not need to be specially equipped with a hydraulic power system such as a pump station, various valve bodies and other control elements to complete the multi-directional forging, but only needs to install the multi-directional forging device of the present invention on an ordinary hydraulic press It can be used between the movable beam and the worktable to realize the effect of synchronous movement of four hammer heads, thereby making the deformation of the workpiece uniform and greatly improving production efficiency; at the same time, the use of hydraulic force transmission can greatly reduce the relative movement of parts in other similar devices. The resulting friction reduces energy loss and improves energy utilization. The present invention can provide greater pressing force than other similar devices due to fully utilizing the advantages of hydraulic force transmission.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的液压多向锻造装置主视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of the hydraulic multidirectional forging device of the present invention;
图2为本发明的液压多向锻造装置俯视图；以及Fig. 2 is a top view of the hydraulic multidirectional forging device of the present invention; and
图3为本发明装置中供油缸与工作缸的油路连接示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the oil circuit connection between the oil supply cylinder and the working cylinder in the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供一种液压多向锻造装置100，包括矩形机架5和位于其上部的承压板1，在矩形机架5的上、下、左、右四个方向上布置的锤头9，四个用于分别驱动锤头9工作的工作缸7，以及分别为四个工作缸7提供油压的四个供油缸3。而且可优选的是，工作缸7和供油缸3均选用双杆液压缸，四个工作缸规格相同，四个供油缸规格相同，四个工作缸7与四个供油缸3为一一对应的关系，每一个供油缸对应一个工作缸，并为与其对应的工作缸提供液压油。每个双杆液压缸的活塞两端的活塞杆直径不同。下面结合附图1-图3进行进一步详细说明。The present invention provides a hydraulic multi-directional forging device 100, which includes a rectangular frame 5 and a pressure bearing plate 1 located on its upper part, and hammer heads 9 arranged in the four directions of up, down, left and right of the rectangular frame 5, Four working cylinders 7 for respectively driving the hammer head 9 to work, and four oil supply cylinders 3 respectively providing oil pressure for the four working cylinders 7 . And preferably, the working cylinder 7 and the oil supply cylinder 3 are double-rod hydraulic cylinders, the four working cylinders have the same specifications, the four oil supply cylinders have the same specifications, and the four working cylinders 7 and the four oil supply cylinders 3 are in one-to-one correspondence. Relationship, each oil supply cylinder corresponds to a working cylinder, and provides hydraulic oil for the corresponding working cylinder. The diameter of the piston rod at both ends of the piston of each double rod hydraulic cylinder is different. Further details will be described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1 to 3 .
图1所示是安装于普通液压机的活动横梁与工作台之间的液压多向锻造装置100的主视图。多向锻造装置100包括一个位于上方的承压板1、一个位于下方的矩形机架5以及多个将承压板1和矩形机架5连接在一起的供油缸3。承压板1与液压机的活动横梁相连，矩形机架5与液压机的工作台连接，液压机活动横梁的向下和向上动作带动承压板1相应运动，每个供油缸3的液压油在承压板1的作用下通过导油管路同时进入与其一一对应的工作缸7，四个工作缸7的活塞在油压的作用下同时带动其锤头9同时进行工作，实现多向锻造。FIG. 1 is a front view of a hydraulic multidirectional forging device 100 installed between a movable beam and a workbench of a common hydraulic press. The multi-directional forging device 100 includes a pressure bearing plate 1 located above, a rectangular frame 5 located below, and a plurality of oil supply cylinders 3 connecting the pressure bearing plate 1 and the rectangular frame 5 together. The pressure bearing plate 1 is connected with the movable beam of the hydraulic press, and the rectangular frame 5 is connected with the working table of the hydraulic press. The downward and upward movements of the movable beam of the hydraulic press drive the corresponding movement of the pressure bearing plate 1, and the hydraulic oil of each oil supply cylinder 3 is under pressure. Under the action of the plate 1, it enters the corresponding working cylinders 7 through the oil guide pipeline at the same time, and the pistons of the four working cylinders 7 drive their hammer heads 9 to work simultaneously under the action of oil pressure, realizing multi-directional forging.
参考图1和图2，矩形机架5包括套设在一起的外框架51、内框架56以及多个设置在外框架51和内框架56之间的工作缸7。内框架56和外框架51为一个整体，其通过肋板和面板等焊接到一起，图示的矩形机架5为焊接结构，但不限定，在其余的实施例中，也可改为矩形实心钢块钻液压缸安装孔做成的机架，或者直接铸造出来的一体机架。Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the rectangular frame 5 includes an outer frame 51 , an inner frame 56 , and a plurality of working cylinders 7 arranged between the outer frame 51 and the inner frame 56 . The inner frame 56 and the outer frame 51 are integral, and they are welded together by ribs and panels. The rectangular frame 5 shown in the figure is a welded structure, but it is not limited. In other embodiments, it can also be changed to a rectangular solid frame. A frame made by drilling hydraulic cylinder mounting holes from a steel block, or an integrated frame directly cast.
外框架51由外框架上板52、外框架下板53、外框架左侧板54和外框架右侧板55依次连接而成。内框架56也具有类似于外框架51的结构，包括依次连接的内框架上板57、内框架下板58、内框架左侧板59和内框架右侧板60。如图1所示，外框架51和内框架56均呈矩形且对应的各板相互平行。这里，承压板1和活塞杆4可以采用焊接方式，也可采用其他固接方式。The outer frame 51 is formed by sequentially connecting the upper plate 52 of the outer frame, the lower plate 53 of the outer frame, the left side plate 54 of the outer frame and the right side plate 55 of the outer frame. The inner frame 56 also has a structure similar to the outer frame 51 , including an upper inner frame plate 57 , an inner frame lower plate 58 , an inner frame left side plate 59 and an inner frame right side plate 60 connected in sequence. As shown in FIG. 1 , both the outer frame 51 and the inner frame 56 are rectangular and the corresponding plates are parallel to each other. Here, the pressure bearing plate 1 and the piston rod 4 can be welded, or can be fixed in other ways.
工作缸7包括缸体71、位于缸体71中的活塞杆8和位于活塞杆8一端的锤头9，活塞杆8包括活塞83和分别位于活塞83两端的小直径活塞杆81和大直径活塞杆82，锤头9连接在大直径活塞杆82的一端上。按照所容纳的活塞杆8直径的不同，活塞83将缸体71分成了小直径活塞杆油腔和大直径活塞杆油腔这样的两个油腔。工作缸7通常设置有4个，分别设置在矩形机架5的横向中心线X和纵向中心线Z上，即在外框架51和内框架56之间沿上、下、左、右四个方向的中心位置各设有一个工作缸7，四个工作缸7的规格大小相同。四个工作缸7的缸体71分别插入到位于外框架51的外框架上板52、外框架下板53、外框架左侧板54和外框架右侧板55上的第二通孔62和位于内框架56的内框架上板57、内框架下板58、内框架左侧板59和内框架右侧板60上的第二通孔62中。4个锤头9均位于活塞杆8伸入到内框架56中的一端上，并沿横向中心线X和纵向中心线Z两两相对设置。Working cylinder 7 comprises cylinder body 71, is positioned at the piston rod 8 in cylinder body 71 and is positioned at the tup 9 of piston rod 8 one ends, and piston rod 8 comprises piston 83 and is respectively positioned at the small diameter piston rod 81 of piston 83 two ends and the large diameter piston Rod 82, tup 9 is connected on one end of large-diameter piston rod 82. According to the difference of the diameter of the piston rod 8 accommodated, the piston 83 divides the cylinder body 71 into two oil chambers such as a small-diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large-diameter piston rod oil chamber. There are usually four working cylinders 7, which are respectively arranged on the transverse centerline X and the longitudinal centerline Z of the rectangular frame 5, that is, between the outer frame 51 and the inner frame 56 along the four directions of up, down, left and right. The central position is respectively provided with a working cylinder 7, and the specifications and sizes of the four working cylinders 7 are the same. The cylinder blocks 71 of the four working cylinders 7 are respectively inserted into the second through holes 62 and It is located in the second through hole 62 on the inner frame upper plate 57 , the inner frame lower plate 58 , the inner frame left side plate 59 and the inner frame right side plate 60 of the inner frame 56 . The four hammerheads 9 are all located on one end of the piston rod 8 protruding into the inner frame 56, and are arranged opposite to each other along the transverse centerline X and the longitudinal centerline Z.
供油缸3包括缸体31和位于缸体31中的活塞杆4，活塞杆4包括活塞43、位于活塞43上方的大直径活塞杆42和位于活塞43下方的小直径活塞杆41。按照所容纳的活塞杆4直径的不同，活塞43将缸体31分成了小直径活塞杆油腔和大直径活塞杆油腔这样的两个油腔。供油缸3通常设置有4个。如图2所示，在外框架上板52上设有四个第一通孔61，与之相应地，在内框架上板57上也设有四个第二通孔62。各个第一通孔61和第二通孔62的圆心O都位于以承压板1的中心U为圆心的一个相同圆周上，且分别分布在一矩形的四个角上。四个供油缸3的缸体31分别插入到每组上下相对的第一通孔61和第二通孔62中。这样，四个供油缸3围绕在位于外框架上板52和内框架上板57之间的工作缸7周围而配置。工作缸7、供油缸3与矩形机架5之间采用螺栓/螺母固定方式或其他本领域公知的固定方式。The oil supply cylinder 3 includes a cylinder body 31 and a piston rod 4 located in the cylinder body 31 , the piston rod 4 includes a piston 43 , a large-diameter piston rod 42 above the piston 43 and a small-diameter piston rod 41 below the piston 43 . According to the different diameters of the piston rods 4 accommodated, the piston 43 divides the cylinder body 31 into two oil chambers such as a small-diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large-diameter piston rod oil chamber. There are usually four oil supply cylinders 3 . As shown in FIG. 2 , four first through holes 61 are provided on the upper plate 52 of the outer frame, and correspondingly, four second through holes 62 are also provided on the upper plate 57 of the inner frame. The centers O of the first through holes 61 and the second through holes 62 are located on the same circle centered on the center U of the pressure bearing plate 1 , and are respectively distributed on the four corners of a rectangle. The cylinder bodies 31 of the four oil supply cylinders 3 are respectively inserted into each set of vertically opposite first through holes 61 and second through holes 62 . In this way, the four oil supply cylinders 3 are arranged around the working cylinder 7 located between the outer frame upper plate 52 and the inner frame upper plate 57 . The working cylinder 7 , the oil supply cylinder 3 and the rectangular frame 5 are fixed by bolts/nuts or other known fixing methods in the art.
如图3所示，供油缸3在缸体31的上部和下部上分别设有多个供油孔2，工作缸7在缸体71上设有分别与小直径活塞杆油腔和大直径活塞杆油腔相通的油孔6，导油管路10连接在供油缸3的供油孔2和工作缸7的油孔6之间。导油管路10的连通方式为使得供油缸3的大直径活塞杆油腔与工作缸7的大直径活塞杆油腔连通，供油缸3的小直径活塞杆油腔与工作缸7的小直径活塞杆油腔连通。在包括一个供油缸3和一个工作缸7中的一组连接中，工作缸7的活塞73的工作面积大于供油缸3的活塞43的工作面积；而且，工作缸7的大直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞73的工作面积与供油缸3的大直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞43的工作面积比值和工作缸7小直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞73的工作面积与供油缸3的小直径活塞杆油腔所对应的活塞43的工作面积的比值相同，且该比值最好不小于2：1。这样可以实现了四个锤头9同步运动的效果。As shown in Figure 3, the oil supply cylinder 3 is provided with a plurality of oil supply holes 2 on the upper and lower parts of the cylinder body 31, and the working cylinder 7 is provided with a small-diameter piston rod oil chamber and a large-diameter piston on the cylinder body 71 respectively. The oil hole 6 connected to the rod oil cavity, and the oil guide pipeline 10 are connected between the oil supply hole 2 of the oil supply cylinder 3 and the oil hole 6 of the working cylinder 7 . The communication mode of the oil guide line 10 is to make the large-diameter piston rod oil cavity of the oil supply cylinder 3 communicate with the large-diameter piston rod oil cavity of the working cylinder 7, and the small-diameter piston rod oil cavity of the oil supply cylinder 3 communicate with the small-diameter piston of the working cylinder 7. The rod oil cavity is connected. In one group of connections including an oil supply cylinder 3 and a working cylinder 7, the working area of the piston 73 of the working cylinder 7 is greater than the working area of the piston 43 of the oil supply cylinder 3; and the large diameter piston rod oil chamber of the working cylinder 7 The ratio of the working area of the corresponding piston 73 to the working area of the piston 43 corresponding to the large-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the oil supply cylinder 3 and the working area of the piston 73 corresponding to the small-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the working cylinder 7 and the oil supply cylinder 3 The ratio of the working area of the piston 43 corresponding to the small-diameter piston rod oil cavity is the same, and the ratio is preferably not less than 2:1. In this way, the effect of synchronous movement of the four hammerheads 9 can be realized.
在本发明的多向锻造装置工作时，承压板1与普通液压机的活动横梁固接，矩形机架与工作台固接，液压机活动横梁的下压动作带动承压板1向下运动，承压板1进而带动四个供油缸3的活塞杆4下压，此时，每个供油缸3通过位于缸体31下部的供油孔2将其小直径活塞杆油腔的油液通过导油管路10进入相应工作缸7的小直径活塞杆油腔，使得工作缸7内的活塞在高压油液的作用下向着工件方向运动，推动位于活塞杆8端部的锤头9完成挤压动作。同理，当液压机回程时，液压机的活动横梁通过承压板1带动四个供油缸3的活塞杆4向上运动，供油缸3通过缸体31上部的供油孔2将其大直径活塞杆油腔内的油液通过导油管路10进入相应工作缸7的大直径活塞杆油腔，活塞两侧油液的压差为锤头9提供足够的回程力，完成锤头9的回程动作。When the multidirectional forging device of the present invention is working, the pressure bearing plate 1 is fixedly connected to the movable beam of the ordinary hydraulic press, and the rectangular frame is fixed to the workbench. The pressure plate 1 further drives the piston rods 4 of the four oil supply cylinders 3 to press down. At this time, each oil supply cylinder 3 passes the oil in its small-diameter piston rod oil chamber through the oil guide tube through the oil supply hole 2 located at the bottom of the cylinder body 31. The pipe 10 enters the small-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the corresponding working cylinder 7, so that the piston in the working cylinder 7 moves toward the workpiece under the action of high-pressure oil, and pushes the hammer head 9 located at the end of the piston rod 8 to complete the extrusion action. Similarly, when the hydraulic machine returns, the movable beam of the hydraulic machine drives the piston rods 4 of the four oil supply cylinders 3 to move upward through the pressure plate 1, and the oil supply cylinder 3 oils its large-diameter piston rod through the oil supply hole 2 on the upper part of the cylinder body 31. The oil in the cavity enters the large-diameter piston rod oil chamber of the corresponding working cylinder 7 through the oil guide line 10, and the pressure difference of the oil on both sides of the piston provides sufficient return force for the hammer 9 to complete the return action of the hammer 9.
最后应说明的是：以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的保护范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand : It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention scope of protection.
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| CN105081172A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 太仓市顺昌锻造有限公司 | Simple forging equipment |
| CN107052208A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-08-18 | 重集团大连设计研究院有限公司 | The hammerhead radial forging tools of heavy hydraulic four |
| CN107052120A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-08-18 | 惠州市鸿景威实业有限公司 | A kind of stroke hydraulic press of four axle four |
| CN108339914A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-31 | 罗诗敏 | A kind of handware hydrostatic forging machine |
| CN110935779B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-05-28 | 哈尔滨工大海卓智能成形科技有限公司 | Pipe liquid-filling multidirectional extrusion forming device and method |
| CN111922270A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-13 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Horizontal forging cooperative control system and method for large-scale multi-directional die forging hydraulic press |
| CN115488279A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-20 | 四川大学 | Forging method based on triaxial loading |
| CN117380885B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2026-04-07 | 江苏理工学院 | Four-degree-of-freedom multidirectional forging machine |
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