CN104835678B - Deflection cover for overmolded vacuum interrupter - Google Patents

Deflection cover for overmolded vacuum interrupter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104835678B
CN104835678B CN201510024858.6A CN201510024858A CN104835678B CN 104835678 B CN104835678 B CN 104835678B CN 201510024858 A CN201510024858 A CN 201510024858A CN 104835678 B CN104835678 B CN 104835678B
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cap
conductive
switching device
cover
side wall
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CN104835678A (en
Inventor
M.哈桑扎德
J.加拉威利
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Schneider Electric SE
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Schneider Electric SE
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66223Details relating to the sealing of vacuum switch housings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

In order to improve the quality of the epoxy resin overmoulding of the vacuum interrupter (1), the cap (6) of the ceramic tube (4)1、62) Comprising a side wall (7) extending along the axis (AA) of the interrupter (1)1、72) And a bottom wall with a cover (26) surrounding them1、262) And (4) associating. The thermal inertia of the metal means for closing the ceramic tube (4) is thus increased.

Description

Deflection cover for overmolded vacuum interrupter
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a circuit breaker and apparatus, particularly a vacuum interrupter, particularly those operating at high and medium voltages. The present invention relates to insulating such devices by covering with a suitable material, and to mounting a cover around the caps of the interrupter, with an insulating material that optimizes the reliability of the overmolding.
Background
The vacuum interrupter comprises an arc extinguishing chamber in which a low voltage prevails and in which there is a pair of contacts which can occupy a closed position allowing the passage of current and an open position in which the two contacts are separated to interrupt the current. Usually, one contact is fixed, which is fixed to the bottom of the housing; the other contact is movable, a bellows seal surrounding it and making it possible to mechanically isolate the interior of the chamber.
The housing of the chamber of the vacuum interrupter comprises an insulating casing (sometimes also called interrupter) made of ceramic or glass, which forms a substantially tubular central portion; the tube is sealed at its ends by caps (usually metallic, also called plates or covers) to which the contacts are connected.
Vacuum interrupters require a dielectric environment to withstand the electrical discharge that occurs when they are triggered by opening contacts. Free space around the interrupter may be sufficient; however, one option, especially at high operating voltages, is to place the interrupter in a gas tight housing containing a dielectric fluid, vacuum or SF 6. For example, for reasons of uniformity, cost and reliability, solid insulators have been developed for coating vacuum interrupters, in particular epoxy resin overmoulding, such as presented in document EP 0866481.
To avoid partial discharges, the triple point may be reinforced with conductive materials (WO2007/116661, GB 2160710), sometimes in combination with a diffuser (EP 1680792). Furthermore, in order to mitigate cracking of the insulator (which may be due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the ceramic cylinder, the metal plate and the epoxy cladding), various solutions have been proposed for arranging a flexible or resilient layer between the cladding and the interrupter at all or part of the interface: see, for example, japanese 2004306528, WO 2013/113499.
However, regardless of previous solutions, it appears that cracking and/or inhomogeneity of dendrites in the resin and/or separation at the interface with the cap may occur within the epoxy overmolding and create partial discharges.
Disclosure of Invention
Among other advantages, it is an object of the present invention to mitigate the disadvantages of prior art interrupters and to minimize the risk of cracks and inhomogeneities occurring in the epoxy resin cladding of the metal cover of a ceramic interrupter.
In particular, the invention relates to a switching device, in particular a vacuum interrupter, comprising a gastight chamber extending along a longitudinal axis, preferably an axis of symmetry. The gas-tight chamber houses two contacts movable relative to each other along the axis, the contacts being fixed to electrodes extending out of the chamber. The arc extinguishing chamber is covered with an insulating coating of thermosetting resin, preferably epoxy resin, which is itself advantageously covered with a conductive cladding serving as electrostatic shield.
The arc chamber comprises a tubular component, advantageously ceramic, open at its ends and sealed by a closing device fixed thereto. At least at one end, the closing means comprise an electrically conductive cap, in particular metallic, having a bottom substantially flat and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis through which the contact electrode can pass, and a side wall coupled to the tubular member, advantageously by soldering, at a joining region which can define a line on the tubular wall. The closure means at each end may be similar, the length of the side walls of the cap itself can be different; alternatively, one of the ends may be closed by other means.
Each closing cap of said tubular member is itself housed without clearance in an electrically conductive cover, preferably made of copper mesh, comprising a bottom wall against which the bottom rests and a peripheral side wall extending over the length of the side wall of said cap. The peripheral side wall may extend from an end portion which then receives the engagement region and one end of the tubular member; the end portion may have a thickness greater than that of the remainder of the cap and may be separated from the tubular member by a space in which the fitting may be installed. The outer surface of the cap is preferably free of sharp corners.
The invention also relates to a vacuum interrupter comprising the aforementioned switching device, wherein the chamber is under a pressure below atmospheric pressure, one of the contacts being fixed and fixed to the cap.
Drawings
Other advantages and features will become more apparent in the following description of specific embodiments of the invention, which are given for illustrative purposes and are in no way limiting, and are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 illustrates a vacuum interrupter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2A and 2B show the cap and cover in a preferred embodiment of the invention in more detail.
Detailed Description
The vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 1 is intended for a switch for switching an electric circuit. The interrupter 1 according to the present invention is preferably arranged to operate at high or medium voltage, i.e. between 1 and 75kV, although use at low voltage is also possible. The interrupter 1 comprises a gas-tight chamber or tube 2 in which a controlled low-pressure air or another dielectric fluid, i.e. "vacuum", preferably prevails; the chamber 2 is defined by a longitudinal housing extending along an axis AA and which is advantageously axisymmetric (rotationally symmetric) for manufacturing and assembly reasons.
The housing of the chamber 2 comprises a first main insulating central part 4, advantageously made of ceramic (although glass may be an option). The insulating member 4 is a tubular, preferably cylindrical, rotating member to optimize its mechanical and dielectric strength and facilitate its manufacture; in a preferred embodiment, each open end of the tube 4 is bounded by orthogonal portions of its wall, forming two overlapping loops. The bore of the tube 4 is covered by a conductive cap 61、62Partially closed; in the context of the illustration, the caps or lids 6 are metallic, each comprising a substantially perpendicular axis AAA flat bottom extending over its periphery by an orthogonal side wall 7 of the same shape as the tube 4 at its end; side wall 71、72According to convention it is more or less long, but regardless of its length it extends the bottom to optimize the structure of the interrupter 1. In order to optimize its mechanical strength, the cover 6 is advantageously formed by a single piece and has a substantially constant thickness between the peripheral wall and the bottom wall 7.
The conductive cap 6 is hermetically fixed to the insulating tube 4 at the joint area 8. Although any known technique may be used, according to a preferred embodiment, the joining zone 8 is limited to a line corresponding to the brazing of the side wall 7 of the cap 6 on the insulating tubular wall 4. Advantageously, the thickness of the tube 4, which is uniform (for example of the order of 6 mm for an interrupter 1 with an internal diameter of 66 mm operating at 17.5 kV), is greater than the thickness of the cap 6 (for example of the order of 1 to 2.5 mm), the two ends being placed edge-to-edge, brazed on the wall of the tube 4 under vacuum of the cap 6.
The chamber 2, delimited by the ceramic tube 4 and the cap 6, comprises a pair of arcing contacts 10 movable with respect to each other along the axis AA of the interrupter 11、102. Each contact 101、102 A contact pad 12 comprising a suitable material, such as CuCr, is secured to the longitudinal copper electrode 14. Preferably, as shown, the first contact 101Is fixed, being fixed to one of the end caps 6 to which its electrode 14 is coupled1To close it, for example by welding or mechanical fitting; second contact 102Assembled to slide axially inside the tube 2, the electrode 14 of which can move through the other plate 62. To allow the movable contact 102Moving and maintaining a controlled gas pressure, a gas-tight bellows seal 16 is interposed between the movable electrode 14 (which can be welded thereto, for example, at one end) and the respective cap 62Thereby enabling the cap 6 of the chamber 22Is insulated. A dielectric screen 18 may be mounted around the gas-tight bellows seal 16 at the level of its end coupled to the electrode 14 to protect it from spray due to switching.
The interrupter 1 according to the invention is preferably used in confined spaces, which may also be critical: for switching elements that are not sensitive to the environment (pollution, dust, other contaminants) and in order to reduce their size, the solid insulation 22 serves to concentrate dielectric stresses within the insulating material 22; the shields 24 may be associated therewith to confine them thereto by removing any electric field from the ambient air.
Solid insulation is conventionally made of an overmolded thermosetting resin 22, in particular an epoxy resin (commonly known as epoxy resin), optionally in the form of a composite with a glass fabric. By its nature, the installation of the solid insulation 22 involves positioning the housing 2 of the chamber within a heated mould in order to inject the resin therein. Despite all precautions taken, it may still happen that cracks, peelings or dendrite-type defects appear in the cap 6 of the vacuum chamber 2, which may lead to partial discharges when the circuit breaker 1 containing it is used.
In accordance with the present invention, to allow epoxy over-molding without dendrites, the cap 261、262And cap 61、62Are associated and conform to their shape.
In particular, as also shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the cover 26 comprises a bottom 28 mounted perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis AA opposite the cap 6, said bottom 28 being extended at its periphery by a peripheral side wall 30, defining a well in which the cap 6 of the interrupter 1 can be mounted. The bottom 28 of the cover 26 includes an aperture 32 that allows the electrode 14 to pass through. The peripheral wall 30 of the diffuser 26 extends along the axis AA over the entire length of the wall 7 of the cap 6 to reach the joining area 8.
The cover 26 made of metal is in close contact with the cap 6: the presence of the cover 26 therefore leads to an increase in the mass of the assembly forming the cover 6, 26, which increases its thermal inertia. Thanks to this system, the cover 26+ cap 6 assembly may have a cooling coefficient approximately equal to that of the electrode leads 14 formed of solid copper and of the ceramic 4. Due to the uniformity of the cooling coefficient thus obtained, the housing of the chamber 2 behaves uniformly when the chamber 2 is mounted in the overmolding mold and on the epoxy overmold 22, resulting in less stress within the epoxy resin 22 and, in particular, reducing the occurrence of non-uniformities, delamination and cracking at the interface.
For this reason, in the prior art, although the interrupter is preheated in an oven before it is placed in a hot mold for epoxy injection, when the housing of the chamber 2 is moved from the cylinder to the mold, it cools down very quickly due to the cap 6 having a large surface area and a relatively low thickness of copper: the temperature is therefore lower in this so-called "cold" region, there being a large separation between the temperature of the epoxy resin and the temperature of the cold region. Furthermore, this spacing is much greater than the spacing between the temperature of the epoxy resin 22 and the temperature of the electrode 14 (made of thick monolithic copper, which cools slowly) or the temperature of the ceramic (which is refractory in nature). Cold zones may produce cracking, dendrite or peeling type defects during cladding. The thickness of the new metal screen 26 is added to the thickness of the copper in the cold area, thereby improving the thermal management of the apparatus 6 for closing the chamber 2.
Advantageously, the cover 26 is made of copper, preferably perforated so as to allow the penetration of epoxy resin, and in particular a copper mesh, for example brass, which prevents the occurrence of a sandwich structure during the mounting of the cap 6 in the cover 26, which could seriously jeopardize the resistance to partial discharges in the presence of high electric fields. Although contact is necessary between the cover 26 and the cap 6 to ensure thermal continuity, the use of a mesh also presents the problem of limiting the adjustment: the lid 26 is therefore preferably formed in a cup shape complementary to the cap 6, which can be inserted into it with several contact points, for example obtained by compression upon insertion. In particular, a slight spacing, for example below 0.5 mm, can optionally be provided between the cover 26 and the cap 6.
Preferably, the cover 26 also covers the joining area 8, the side wall 30 being extended by the end 34 in such a way that the length of the cover 26 exceeds the length 7 of the cap 6. The end 34 may have an internal diameter greater than the internal diameter of the side wall 30 in which the lid 6 is received to take into account the offset created by the thickness of the ceramic tube 4 to form the rim. Furthermore, since the end edge 34 is mounted at the level of the ceramic wall 4 and/or the conductive braze 8, i.e. in the region where the field stress is highest, its thickness may be greater than the thickness of the portion of the cover 26 in which the cap 6 is located. For example, due to the typical thickness being on the order of 0.5 mm, the dielectric cap 26 may include a bulbous end 34 having a thickness of up to 2 mm over a length on the order of 18 mm outside of the braze 8.
Due to this fact, the rim 34 has a function different from that of the remaining parts of the side wall 30 and of the bottom wall 28 of the lid 26, associated with the copper part 6, which is typically less than 4 mm thick, to increase its thermal inertia: more specifically here it is the case for use as a diffuser. The rim 34 may thus be further from the housing 2, there being a space between the ceramic 4 and the copper 34. According to the embodiment shown, the rim 34 of the cover 26 may be separated from the ceramic 4 tube as desired for inserting epoxy between the mesh of the cover 34 and the ceramic 4; it may then be advantageous to mount the joint 36 at the level of the braze 8, in particular covering the protruding point at the boundary of the triple point of the vacuum interrupter 1.
To avoid mechanically fragile tip effects and regions, if the inner well may include sharp corners, the outer surface of the diffuser 26 is smooth, with blunt rounded corners; the cover 26 is advantageously axisymmetric and its outer shape is determined as a function of mechanical and dielectric stresses.
Since this solution is used for mounting the mesh-like diffusion cover 26, the following results are obtained:
the electric field at the vacuum interrupter triple point is managed in a similar way to a standard diffuser (which corresponds to the rim 34 of the cover 26);
the problem of dendrites caused by thermal separation between the cap 6 of low thickness copper and the epoxy resin 22 is solved;
the resistance to thermal cycles and therefore to the time of overmoulding the pole 1 is improved;
the adhesion of the epoxy resin at the level of the lid 26/cap 6 assembly is optimized;
the lid 26 and the cap 6 create a faraday cage that limits partial discharges between the lid 26 and the cap 6, since the rim 34 and the side walls 30 are at the same dielectric potential as the cap 6, thereby further increasing the reliability in case of residual defects in the epoxy resin.
Thus, in addition, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the generatrices of the vacuum interrupter cap in the area protected by the faraday cage formed between the cover 26 and the cap 6 may not be blasted, which enables the blasting of the insulating portion 4 to be performed before the installation of the internal elements. For example, a mask may be used, but because of this, this possibility reduces the roughness limit for sandblasting, particularly for inspection at that site, including when sandblasting the entire enclosure of the vacuum chamber 2.
Thus, the manufacture of the interrupter may comprise the steps of:
pair of two caps 6 equipped therewith1、62The vacuum interrupter 1 of (a) is sandblasted;
assembled therein conforming to the shape of the cap 61、62Two lids 26 in the shape of1、262Made of metal mesh on the chamber 2, advantageously with a joint housing 36 made of synthetic material inside the diffusion end 34 to cover the projecting points at the boundary of the triple point of the vacuum interrupter 1 and avoid triggering any breakage;
-washing in an ultrasonic bath to eliminate any traces of dirt, drying;
-preheating the component to a temperature above the temperature of the mould for a period of time sufficient for the component to have a temperature close to the temperature of the mould in order to optimise the quality of the overmoulding-for example, for a mould heated to 150 ℃, the component is preheated to 170 ℃ for more than one hour;
over-molding the vacuum interrupter 1 housing 2 with epoxy 22, such as by APG (automatic pressure gelation), controlling the removal of resin and improving the uniformity of the epoxy;
blasting the poles and the metal 24.
It is thus possible to manufacture a compact switchpanel with vacuum interrupters, the poles of which are the result of a shielded solid insulation technology. In spite of the presence of dielectric stresses, which are then very high, given the voltage applied on solid insulation of low thickness (typically below 20 mm for a shield of 17.5 kV), withstanding partial discharges is ensured and at least meets the relevant requirements.
Although reference has been made to a vacuum interrupter (two of the metal caps 6 therein)1、62Longitudinally extending to extend the tubular space of the ceramic) pairThe invention has been described, but not limited to: the invention may also relate to other elements. In particular, the ceramic tube 4 may be closed only by the cap 6 having the side wall 7, the other end of the tube 4 being closed by suitable means, in which case the presence of the cover 26 at this end may be superfluous. Of course, the invention can also be applied to longitudinal housings which do not contain any contacts that can be moved relative to one another and which, for example, serve as fuses.

Claims (10)

1. Switching device (1) comprising a hermetic chamber (2) extending along a longitudinal axis (AA), in which two contacts (10) are housed, moving with respect to each other along said axis (AA), said contacts (10) being fixed to electrodes (14) extending outside said hermetic chamber (2) along said axis (AA), wherein:
the housing of the hermetic chamber (2) comprises a tubular member (4) open at its end, a first conductive cap (6) fixed to a first end of the tubular member (4) by means of a first joining area (8)1) And means for closing the second end of the tubular part (4);
the first conductive cap (6)1) Comprises a bottom part, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (AA), through which a first contact electrode (14) passes, passing through the side wall (7)1) Extends on its periphery up to said first joining region (8);
the airtight chamber (2) is covered with an insulating coating made of a thermosetting resin (22),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the first conductive cap (6)1) Is accommodated without clearance within a first conductive cover (26) conforming to the shape of the first conductive cap, the first conductive cover (26) comprising the first conductive cap (6)1) And a bottom wall (28) against which the bottom rests, and parallel to the first conductive cap (6)1) Side wall (7)1) And a peripheral side wall (30) extending over the same length, said first conductive cover forming a cap (6) with the first conductive1) A complementary cup shape of (a);
the first conductive cover (26) is formed from a metal mesh.
2. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive cover (26) comprises an end portion (34) extending the peripheral side wall (30) and in which the first engagement region (8) and one end of the tubular part (4) are located.
3. The switching device according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the end portion (34) of the first conductive cover is greater than the thickness of the bottom wall (28) and the side wall (30) of the first conductive cover (26).
4. A switching device according to claim 3, comprising a joint (36) between an end (34) of the first conductive cover (26) and the first junction area (8).
5. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer surface of the first conductive cover (26) is free of sharp corners.
6. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first conductive cover (26) is formed by a metal mesh made of copper.
7. The switching device according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tubular part (4) is an insulating ceramic, the first conductive cap (6) being1) Is made of metal and is brazed to an end portion of the tubular member (4), the first joining region (8) defining a line on the wall of the tubular member (4).
8. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the means for closing the second end of the tubular component (4) comprise a second cap (6)2) Comprising a bottom portion substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis (AA) and crossed by a second contact electrode (14), which passes through the lateral wall (7)2) Extends over its periphery up to the first joining region (8), the second cap (6)2) Is accommodated without gap in the first conductive layerA second conductive cover (26) similar to the cover and comprising a bottom wall (28) against which the bottom of said second cap (62) rests, and a second cap (6) parallel to said second cap (28)2) Side wall (7)2) And a peripheral side wall (30) extending over the same length.
9. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a conductive cladding (24) surrounding the insulating coating (22) to serve as an electrostatic shield, the insulating coating (22) being made of an epoxy resin.
10. Vacuum interrupter comprising a switching device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gas tight chamber (2) is under a pressure below atmospheric pressure, one of the contacts (10)1) Is fixed and is fixed to the first conductive cap (6)1) Another contact (10)2) Is movable.
CN201510024858.6A 2014-02-07 2015-01-19 Deflection cover for overmolded vacuum interrupter Active CN104835678B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1450950A FR3017486B1 (en) 2014-02-07 2014-02-07 DEFLECTOR FOR OVERMOUTED VACUUM BULB
FR1450950 2014-02-07

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CN104835678A CN104835678A (en) 2015-08-12
CN104835678B true CN104835678B (en) 2020-01-17

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CN (1) CN104835678B (en)
ES (1) ES2673248T3 (en)
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CN105679596B (en) * 2016-03-31 2018-10-19 成都西沃克真空科技有限公司 A kind of extra-high voltage vacuum insulation arrangement
EP3780056A1 (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ventilating insulating member for interrupter units
CN115841928B (en) * 2022-12-15 2023-10-31 江苏省埃迪机电设备实业有限公司 Multipurpose ultra-high voltage circuit breaker composite corrugated pipe assembly
CN117340377B (en) * 2023-12-05 2024-02-09 武汉飞特电气有限公司 Welding equipment and welding process for ceramic vacuum switch tube

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FR3017486B1 (en) 2017-09-08
FR3017486A1 (en) 2015-08-14
ES2673248T3 (en) 2018-06-20
EP2905796A1 (en) 2015-08-12
CN104835678A (en) 2015-08-12
EP2905796B1 (en) 2018-04-25

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