CN104831899B - 地板和由多个此类地板组成的地面覆盖物 - Google Patents

地板和由多个此类地板组成的地面覆盖物 Download PDF

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CN104831899B
CN104831899B CN201410557939.8A CN201410557939A CN104831899B CN 104831899 B CN104831899 B CN 104831899B CN 201410557939 A CN201410557939 A CN 201410557939A CN 104831899 B CN104831899 B CN 104831899B
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A·G·贝洛
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0123Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels parallel to the abutting edges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/03Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues or grooves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04Other details of tongues or grooves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0056Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24488Differential nonuniformity at margin

Abstract

本发明涉及一种地板,尤其涉及层压地板。本发明还涉及一种由多块相互接合的根据本发明的地板组成的地面覆盖物。本发明还涉及一种根据本发明的两块地板尤其是层压地板相互接合的方法。

Description

地板和由多个此类地板组成的地面覆盖物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种地板,尤其是一种层压地板。本发明还涉及一种由多个相互接合的根据本发明的地板组成的地面覆盖物。本发明进一步涉及一种根据本发明用于相互接合两块地板尤其是层压地板的方法。
背景技术
用于硬地面覆盖物的层压板市场在过去十年已取得了巨大进步。在层压板的产品发展期间,一个重要方面是铺设层压地板的简易性。美国专利US 6,490,836描述了一种由可相互接合地板组成的层压板,其中通过使地板成角度相互接合,随后通过使地板相对于彼此倾斜,由此地板实际上就可以相互勾住来实现两块地板的相互接合。尽管已知层压板可以由使用者相对轻松地铺设,但现有的地面覆盖物也具有一些缺陷。现有地面覆盖物的一个显著缺陷是,由于实现耦合所需的倾斜运动,相对的强力施加于地板部分,其能够导致永久性损伤(破坏)。已知层压板的另一个缺陷是需要相对大量的空间以使地板能够耦合,其使地板和相邻地板的耦合在有限空间内非常困难,或甚至不可能,例如在壁附近或暖气片下方。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的地板,其可以以改进的方式和相邻地板耦合。
本发明为此目的提供了一种地板,包括:具有上侧和下侧的中央芯板,至少一个第一弹性耦合部分和第二弹性耦合部分相应地连接到芯板的相对边缘,其中第一耦合部分包括单个向上舌片,至少一个与向上舌片有一定距离的向上侧翼,和形成在向上舌片和向上侧翼之间的单个向上凹槽,其中:面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分在芯板上侧的基准方向的一定方向上延伸,面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分形成对准边缘,作用是将第一耦合部分耦合到相邻地板的第二耦合部分,背离向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分设置有第一锁定元件,其基本上刚性地与向上舌片连接并适于与相邻地板的第二耦合部分的第二锁定元件相配合,其中第二耦合部分包括单个向下舌片,至少一个与向下舌片有一定距离的向下侧翼,和形成在向下舌片和向下侧翼之间的单个向下凹槽,其中:面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片的一侧的至少部分在芯板下侧的基准方向的一定方向上延伸,背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的一侧的至少部分形成对准边缘,作用是将第二耦合部分耦合到相邻地板的第一耦合部分,向下侧翼设置有第二锁定元件,其基本上刚性地与向下侧翼连接并适于与相邻地板的第一耦合部分的第一锁定元件相配合,其中向上凹槽适于容纳至少部分相邻地板的向下舌片,且其中向下凹槽适于容纳至少部分相邻地板的向上舌片。由于耦合部分具有特殊的外形,而且具有(一点儿)弹性结构,相邻地板的基本上互补形状的耦合部分可以相对简单地彼此耦合,但耐久且有效。在相邻地板耦合期间,在一个或两个耦合部分会施加力,由此一个或两个耦合部分会弹性变形(弹性移动),因此向下凹槽和/或向上凹槽所占的体积会增加,由此向上舌片和向下舌片可以相对简单地分别置入向下凹槽和向上凹槽。继而通过允许受力的耦合部分弹性移回至原始位置,在两个耦合部分之间,进而在两块地板之间会实现可靠的锁定耦合。所述锁定耦合,其中两个耦合部分以相对可靠的方式相互接合,将相互反向摩擦相对的耦合部分,由此耦合本身通常会产生相对微小的噪音。应用的对准边缘,通常也称为倒棱面(chamfering)或导轨面,通过耦合部分相互之间的基本上线性位移促使相对的两个耦合部分勾在一起。应用相互配合的锁定元件防止相对的两块地板的基本垂直位移。由于第一锁定元件和第二锁定元件都基本上刚性地连接到相应的向上舌片和向下侧翼,可以实现相对耐久并坚固的锁定,因而没有使用相对弱弹性的锁定部分,其会相对快速地发生材料疲劳。根据本发明的地板中的锁定是这样实现的,通过使第一耦合部分和/或第二耦合部分相对于芯板变形,由此锁定元件可以相互环绕接合或相互嵌入接合。由于向上舌片和向下侧翼的牢固连接,锁定元件本身不会发生变形,或很难变形。第一锁定元件可以另外形成向上舌片的整体部分,其中第一锁定元件例如由向上舌片的凸出部(向外隆起)或凹进(向内隆起)边缘变形形成。第二锁定元件也可以形成向下舌片的整体部分,其中第二锁定元件例如由向下侧翼的凹进或凸出部边缘变形形成。第一耦合部分的向上凹槽通常具有的形状使它适于以锁定方式容纳相邻地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片的至少一部分。第一锁定因此由限制相邻地板的向上凹槽中的地板的向下舌片和由限制地板的向上凹槽中的相邻地板的向上舌片形成,第二锁定由采用锁定元件形成。基准应理解为平面的基准向量,即垂直于此平面并来源于所述平面的向量。若芯板的上侧或下侧不完全平坦,例如由于芯板的上侧或下侧(在某种程度上)为齿形轮廓的形式,由芯板的上侧或下侧形成的平面则会被用作基础以限定芯板的上侧或下侧的基准的明确方向。由于地板通常支承在平面,水平面,芯板的上侧和芯板的下侧的基准的方向基本垂直定位。在地板和相邻地板耦合期间,面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的侧面的特定方位,和面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的特定方位提供了第一锁定装置(内部锁定)。这是因为,由于面对着相应侧翼的舌片壁的特定倾斜方向,对耦合施加的垂直力(例如)不希望导致相配合的耦合部分分离,由于相应的舌片壁相互压紧,其对于舌片壁滑动脱离彼此和随后耦合部分的分离具有相当大的制约。此外,与第一锁定装置有一定距离的第二锁定装置(外部锁定)由相互配合的锁定元件形成,并且进一步在两块地板的耦合位置与上述(内部)舌片壁有一定距离。一旦锁定装置中的一个发生失效,两块地板间耦合的牢固性会尽可能维持,这会使两块地板间的耦合相对可靠,由此可以尽可能防止两块地板的不期望的相互位移或分离。因为根据本发明的地板在地板和相邻地板耦合时实现了相互锁定,在两块地板之间实现了相对结实、可靠和耐久的连接。
在优选实施例中,至少一个耦合部分包括与芯板连接的桥接部分和弹性连接到桥接部分的端部,其中端部适于在与芯板形成的平面围成角度尤其是基本上成直角的方向上弹性(伸缩自如地)移动。这样耦合部分的端部通常在向上和/或向下方向上弹性地移动。第一耦合部分的向上侧翼在此形成了第一耦合部分的桥接部分的一部分,其中第一耦合部分的向上舌片形成了第一耦合部分的端部的一部分。第二耦合部分的向下侧翼在此也形成了第二耦合部分的桥接部分的一部分,其中第二耦合部分的向下舌片形成了第二耦合部分的端部的一部分。正如已提到的,耦合部分的凹槽通过弹性运动临时扩宽,由此易于实现两个耦合部分之间的耦合。
尤其是为了增加耦合地板组件的拉伸强度,设计了耦合部分使得面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的至少一部分在芯板的上侧的基准的一定方向上延伸,并且面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的至少一部分在芯板的下侧的基准的一定方向上延伸。
每个向上舌片和向下舌片优选基本上刚性,这意味着舌片不会被设置为能够变形。这样舌片相对坚硬并因此没有弹性。此外,舌片优选足够坚固(solid),这意味着舌片是足够结实的,并完全充满了材料,因此在上表面不设置凹槽会削弱其舌片的构造进而削弱待地板的连接。通过采用刚性、坚固的舌片,得到相对稳固并耐久的舌片,以这种方式实现可靠并耐久的地板连接,而无需使用分开的,额外的元件来实现耐久的连接。
在地板的一个实施例中,在这些地板的耦合状态下,邻接地板上侧的向上侧翼的至少一部分适于与邻接另一块地板上侧的向下舌片的至少一部分相接触。这些表面的接合会使耦合元件之间的有效接触表面增加并因此使两块地板之间连接的稳定性和牢固性增加。在一个有利的实施例中地板的上侧适于与另一块地板的上侧基本上无缝接合,因此可以实现两块地板之间的无缝连接,尤其是它们的上表面。
在另一个实施例中,第一锁定元件位于与向上舌片上侧有一定距离的位置。这是有利的,因为这通常会导致第一锁定元件设置在比地板的向上对准边缘更低的位置这一情形,其具有的优势在于可以减少第二耦合部分的最大变形,而连接工艺和变形工艺可以在连续的步骤内完成。较少的变形使材料受力较少,其有利于延长耦合部分的使用寿命进而延长地板的使用寿命。在此实施例中第二锁定元件互补地设置在与向下凹槽的上侧具有一定距离的位置。
此外在另一个实施例中向下对准边缘的有效高度大于向上舌片的有效高度。这通常导致在预对准状态(中间状态)下地板的向下对准边缘没有和另一块地板接合的情形,例如图18所示。定位选择的无接触预对准确定能防止或阻碍沿着另一块地板的上表面推动地板的向下对准边缘,这会破坏地板。
在一个实施例中面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分和芯板上侧的基准所围成的相互角度基本上等于面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片一侧的至少部分和芯板的下侧的基准所围成的相互角度。由此可以实现两个舌片部分的相互紧密配合连接,这通常增强两块地板间耦合的牢固性。在一个变型实施例中,一方面面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片一侧的至少部分延伸的方向和另一方面芯板上侧的基准方向所围成的角度位于0和60度之间,优选在0和45度之间,更优选在0和10度之间。在另一变型实施例中,一方面面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片一侧的至少部分延伸的方向和另一方面芯板下侧的基准方向所围成的角度位于0和60度之间,优选在0和45度之间,更优选在0和10度之间。面对着侧翼的舌片侧面的最终倾斜度通常也取决于用于制造地板的生产方法。在实施例中向下对准边缘的倾斜度小于向上侧翼的至少上部的倾斜度,因此在两个表面间都形成膨胀腔,其有利于实施和补偿膨胀,例如由于地板受潮。
在一个变型中,向上舌片的上侧的至少部分在朝向芯板上侧的基准的一定方向上延伸。这导致向上舌片的厚度在背对向上侧翼的舌片的侧面的方向上减小。通过基本上与向上舌片的上侧连接的向下凹槽,在根据本发明的两个地板的耦合位置,其中向下凹槽的上侧在芯板下侧的基准的方向上延伸,第二耦合部分一方面设置得相对坚固和结实,另一方面能确保足够的弹性以能够实现和相邻地板的第一耦合部分的耦合。
对准边缘优选由平坦的表面形成,以允许在两块地板的耦合过程期间通常以尽可能控制的方法进行另一耦合部分的引导。在另一个变型实施例中,第二耦合部分的对准边缘的至少一部分比第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的至少一部分具有基本上更平坦的定位。通过应用此措施,在耦合位置通常产生位于第二耦合部分的对准边缘和第一耦合部分的侧翼之间的气隙。在两个耦合部分有意创造的此间隙在和相邻地板耦合期间通常是有利的,因为此间隙不会阻止耦合部分的暂时变形,这有利于耦合部分的耦合。此外,创造的间隙有利于达到吸收地板膨胀的目的,例如起因于受潮,当地板至少部分由木材制造时受潮则是可以想象。
在一个变型实施例中,连接到芯板的第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的一部分形成了用于背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的至少一部分的止动表面。以这种方式可以实现地板至少上侧的紧密贴合,从使用者的观点来看这通常是有利的。连接到芯板的第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的一部分在此优选基本上垂直定位。背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的至少一部分在此也优选基本上垂直定位。在两个耦合部分都应用大体上垂直的止动表面具有的优点为在耦合位置耦合部分能以相对紧密贴合和牢固的方法相互连接。
通常有利的是向上凹槽适于接收相邻地板的向下舌片并与之夹紧配合。接收向上凹槽,或其至少一部分,夹紧配合在向下舌片具有的优点在于向下舌片被向上凹槽相对紧密贴合地包围,这通常会增强耦合结构的牢固性。对于实施例变型同样应用,其中向下凹槽适于接收相邻地板的向上舌片并与之夹紧配合。
在实施例变型中向上侧翼和向下侧翼在基本平行的方向上延伸。这使得在耦合位置相对地相互靠近地连接侧翼和锁定元件变得可能,这通常增强了通过锁定元件实现的锁定效果。
在另一个实施例变型中第一锁定元件包括至少一个向外凸出部,并且第二锁定元件包括至少一个凹进部,为了实现锁定耦合的目的,向外凸出部适于至少部分容纳在相邻耦合地板的凹进部。此实施例变型从生产工艺的角度看通常是有益的。第一锁定元件和第二锁定元件更适于采取互补的形式,由此可实现相邻地板的锁定元件相互间的紧密配合连接,这可增强锁定的效果。
在根据本发明的地板的一个实施例中,第一锁定元件位于与向上舌片的上侧有一定距离的位置。把第一锁定元件设置在与向上舌片的上侧的有一定距离的位置具有很多优势。第一个优势是第一锁定元件的此位置可以促进相邻地板间的耦合,因为第一锁定元件在低于向上舌片的对准边缘定位(的较低部分),由此可以逐步完成两个耦合部分之间的耦合。在耦合过程中面对着关联的侧翼的舌片侧面首先相互接合,之后锁定元件相互接合,如果第一对准边缘和第一锁定元件位于差不多相同的高度,则这种有一定距离的位置的情形通常需要比差不多相同高度情形更小的最大限定枢转(振幅),从而相邻地板的第二耦合部分变形。把第一锁定元件设置在与向上舌片的上侧有一定距离处的位置的进一步的优势是,通常由每个耦合部分的弹性桥接部分形成的每个耦合部分和芯板之间的弹性连接的距离增加了,由此在耦合部分上施加的扭矩会被锁定元件相对快速地抵消,其可以进一步增加锁定的稳固性。
可以设想第一耦合部分包括多个彼此具有一定距离的向上舌片,其中向上凹槽位于每两个相邻的向上舌片之间,并且第二耦合部分包括彼此具有一定距离的多个向下凹槽,目的是为了容纳上述向上舌片。
在一个实施例中,地板的多个侧面包括第一耦合部分,并且地板的多个侧面包括第二耦合部分,其中各个第一耦合部分和各个第二耦合部分位于地板的相反侧面。以此方式,地板的每个侧面具有一个耦合部分,其会增强地板的耦合选择。通过在相反侧面设置第一耦合部分和第二耦合部分,使用者可相对简单地铺设根据本发明的地板形成的地面,因为每块地板可以以相同的方式形成。
第一耦合部分和第二耦合部分优选形成芯板的整体部分。从结构上,生产工艺和物流角度看,芯板和耦合部分之间的整体连接通常是可取的。
在实施例变型中,地板至少部分由木材制成。地板可鉴于此制成木地板和/或镶木地板。然而根据本发明的地板也特别适合用作层压地板,其中地板包括承载层的层压板,承载层包括木制产品和布置在承载层上侧的至少一个顶层。顶层在此通常采取硬化(耐磨)和透明形式,并尤其是注入树脂。承载层通常包括木质纤维板,尤其是MDF板(中密度纤维板)或HDF板(高密度纤维板)。在顶层和承载层之间设置有装饰层,其通常由浸满了三聚氰胺树脂(melamine resin)的印在纸上的木材或瓷砖的照片制成。木材或瓷砖结构可以进一步压进顶层,由此顶层实际上也形成了压花层。顶层也可以至少由部分的塑料,金属或纺织品制成,尤其是地毯。也可以设想地板完全由塑料,金属和/或纺织品制成,代替由木材制成。
在一个实施例变型中地板至少部分由塑料制成。在此也可设想根据本发明的地板基本上完全由塑料制成。
本发明也涉及一种根据本发明由相互耦合的地板组成的地面覆盖物。
本发明进一步涉及一种根据本发明的两块地板相互连接的方法,包括步骤:A)使第一地板的第二耦合部分与第二地板的第一耦合部分接合,B)在第二地板的第一耦合部分的方向上对第一地板的第二耦合部分施加压力,以使第一地板的第二耦合部分的端部在向上的方向上枢转和/或第二地板的第一耦合部分的端部在向下的方向上枢转,由此第一地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片至少部分设置,尤其是基本上设置在第二地板的第一耦合部分的向上凹槽内,和C)释放在步骤B)施加的压力,由此至少一个变形的耦合部分会转回到原始位置并且第一地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片会锁定在第二地板的第一耦合部分的向上凹槽中。在步骤A)期间实现了中间状态,其中地板相互预先对准。在步骤B)期间地板相互间通常会发生基本上线性的位移,其导致至少一个耦合部分临时变形并随后实现了两个耦合部分间的快速连接。在耦合位置,第一耦合部分和第二耦合部分通常不再变形,且第一耦合部分和第二耦合部分会再次呈现基本上初始的(松弛的)形状。预计的是耦合位置的松弛会增强耦合部分的耐久性,从而增强地板耦合的耐久性。在一个实施例中步骤A)期间第一块地板的第二耦合部分与第二块地板第二耦合部分的面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧和背离第二块地板的第二耦合部分的向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧接合,因此可实现相对稳固的中间状态(预对准状态)。另一个实施例中步骤A)期间第一块地板的第一耦合部分的对准边缘位于与第二块地板的第二耦合部分有一定距离的位置,其促使地板的耦合,并防止地板相互间的(上表面的)不希望地破坏地板的刮痕。
附图说明
在下面的附图中将在不限制本发明示范性实施例的基础上对本发明进行说明。在此:
图1是根据本发明的地板的侧视图,
图2是根据图1的耦合地板的组件的侧视图,
图3是根据本发明的另一块地板的侧视图,
图4是根据图3的耦合地板的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图5是根据图3的地板的透视图,
图6是根据本发明的又一块地板的横截面图,
图7A-7F示出了根据图6实现两块地板间耦合的连续的方法步骤,
图8是根据图6和7的地板的透视图,
图9是根据图6-8的地板的另一横截面图,
图10A-10G示出了铺设由根据图6-9的地板构成的地面的第一方法,
图11A-11G示出了铺设由根据图6-9的地板构成的地面的第二方法,
图12是根据本发明的地板的另一个实施例的俯视图,
图13示出了根据图6-11G的地板的一部分的局部细节图,和
图14示出了根据本发明的连接地板的另一个实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图15示出了根据本发明的连接地板的此外另一个实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图16示出了根据本发明的连接地板的再一个实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图17示出了根据本发明的连接地板的进一步的实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图18示出了根据本发明的连接地板的另一个实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,
图19示出了根据本发明的连接地板的另一个实施例的组件的一部分的侧视图,和
图20示出了如图7c所示的两块地板的方位的中间状态(预对准)的详细数学说明性视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的地板1的侧视图。地板1包括板状芯板2,其由纤维板制成,尤其是MDF(中密度纤维板)或HDF(高密度纤维板)或刨花板(chipboard)并在其上面设置顶层3。芯板2的相对的纵向侧面具有第一耦合部分4和第二耦合部分5。位于第一耦合部分4和第二耦合部分5之间的地板1的部分,如虚线所示,构成地板1的中心部分6。第一耦合部分4包括向上舌片7、向上侧翼8和形成在向上舌片7与向上侧翼8之间的向上凹槽9。第二耦合部分5包括向下舌片10、向下侧翼11和形成在向下舌片10和向下侧翼11之间的向下凹槽12。如图所示,向上舌片7、向上侧翼8和向上凹槽9在中心地板1的中心部分6(如箭头N1所示)的基准方向上(如箭头A所示)延伸。同样适用于向下舌片10、向下侧翼11和向下凹槽12延伸的方向(详见箭头B和N2)。在该典型实施例中箭头A与N1围住的角α等于箭头B与N2围住的角β,这些角度等于30°。第一耦合部分4设置有隆起13,其在耦合位置与凹口14相配合,其中凹口14为了实现两块地板1之间的锁定而设置在相邻的板1的第二耦合部分5(见图2)。此外,耦合部分4,5都具有防护缘15,16,其适于被接收在耦合部分4,5的互补的接收空间17,18内。向下舌片10具有成角度的外端10a,其一侧基本水平定位并且一侧基本垂直。以此方式形成的是适于与互补形成的向上凹槽9相配合的基本水平的止动表面和基本垂直的止动表面,由此使两块地板2之间形成的耦合稳定(锁定)(见图2)。如图2所示,耦合部分4,5相互紧密接合。可在相邻地板1的第二耦合部分5的线性方向上(如箭头C所示),通过简单地移置地板1的第一耦合部分4以实现耦合,由此耦合部分相互固定接合。施加在组件部分的水平压力,例如由地板1的收缩或膨胀造成的,或施加在组件部分的垂直压力,例如由地板1的膨胀造成的,不会对已完成的耦合产生不利影响,因此不会产生地板1的分离或地板1之间的缝隙。
图3示出了根据本发明的另一种地板19的侧视图。地板19包括板状芯板20,其由纤维板制成,尤其是MDF(中密度纤维板)或HDF(高密度纤维板)或刨花板并在其上面设置顶层21。芯板20的相对的纵向侧边具有第一耦合部分22和与其相互补的第二耦合部分23。位于第一耦合部分22和第二耦合部分23之间的地板19的部分,如虚线所示,表示构成地板19的中心部分24。第一耦合部分22包括向上舌片25、向上侧翼26和形成在向上舌片25与向上侧翼26之间的向上凹槽27。第二耦合部分23包括向下舌片28、向下侧翼29和形成在向下舌片28和向下侧翼29之间的向下凹槽30。如图示,向上舌片25,向上侧翼26和向上凹槽27在地板19的中心部分24(如箭头N所示)的基准一定方向上(如箭头A1,A2和A3所示)延伸。同样适用于向下舌片28,和向下凹槽30延伸的方向(详见箭头B1和B3)。该典型实施例中,向下侧翼29在与地板19的中心部分24的基准基本相同的方向上延伸。如图所示,第一耦合部分22设置有向外凸出部31并且第二耦合部分23设置有互补凹口32,其作用是实现地板19与相邻地板19耦合期间的锁定(见图4)。如图4所示,地板19的第一耦合部分22的向上凹槽27和相邻地板19的第二耦合部分23的向下舌片28互相围成空隙33。图5进一步示出了地板19的侧边缘34(端面)设置有用于实现两块地板19之间的侧向耦合而彼此相对地位于端面34上的向上轮廓面(profile)35和互补的向下轮廓面36。
图6示出了根据本发明的又一种矩形地板37的侧视图。地板37包括具有上侧38a和下侧38b的芯板38,和位于芯板38的相对的纵向侧边并与芯板38一体连接的耦合部分39,40。第一耦合部分39包括向上舌片41、向上侧翼42和向上舌片41与向上侧翼42之间形成的向上凹槽43。面对着向上侧翼42的向上舌片41的一侧41a在芯板38的上侧38a的基准N1的一定方向上延伸。因此芯板38的上侧38a的切线R1和基准N1指向为彼此(会聚(converging)定向),其中R1和N1围成的角度等于5度。面对着向上侧翼42的向上舌片41的另一侧41b形成能够易于实现与相邻地板耦合的对准边缘。如图所示,起对准边缘作用的侧面41b远离芯板的上侧38a的基准N1定位。然而向上舌片41的上侧41d在芯板38的上侧38a的基准N1的一定方向上延伸,并且沿背离向上侧翼42的向上舌片41的侧面41e的方向上向下倾斜。此斜面具有给予互补的第二耦合部分40更加结实并牢固的结构的功能。背离向上侧翼42的向上舌片41的侧面41e基本垂直定位并且具有向外凸出部44。向上侧翼42的下部42a倾斜定位,而向上侧翼42的上部42b显示为基本垂直并形成用于第二耦合部分40的止动表面46c。在该实施例中向上凹槽43的下壁部分43a基本定向为水平。位于向上凹槽43的下壁部分43a和下侧39a之间的桥接部分45有一点弹性并适于允许向上舌片41相对于向上侧翼42转动,其导致向上凹槽43(暂时)拓宽,由此可便于地板37与相邻地板的耦合(见图7A-7F)。第二耦合部分40与第一耦合部分39基本上互补。第二耦合部分40包括向下舌片46、向下侧翼47和形成于向下舌片46和向下侧翼47间的向下凹槽48。面对着向下侧翼47的向下舌片46的一侧46a位于芯板38的下侧38b的基准N2的一定方向上。这意味着向下舌片46的侧面46a的切线R2和芯板38的下侧38b的基准相会聚。在该典型实施例中,切线R2和基准N2围成的相互角度为5度。背离向下侧翼47的侧面46b倾斜定位,但具有比向上侧翼42的互补侧面42a更平坦的定位,因此在耦合位置(见图7F)会形成间隙(空腔),其通常会促进两块地板37的耦合。向下舌片46的倾斜侧面46b为了进一步促进两块地板37之间的耦合也起到对准边缘的作用。背离向下侧翼47的另一个侧面46c采取基本垂直的结构并形成用于阻止(相邻地板的)向上侧翼42的表面42b的互补止动表面。向下舌片46此外设置有侧面46d,其面对着向下侧翼47并为相邻地板的第一耦合部分39起到对准边缘的作用。因为向上舌片41的上侧41d具有倾斜定位,向下凹槽48的上侧48a同样具有倾斜定位,由此向下凹槽48的上侧48a和第二耦合部分40的上侧40a之间的(平均)距离足够大以给予第二耦合部分40足够的强度。向下侧翼47基本垂直定位并设置有适于容纳(相邻地板的)向上舌片41的向外凸出部44的凹口49。
位于向下凹槽48的上侧48a和上侧40a之间的桥接部分50具有一点儿弹性并适于允许向下舌片46相对于向下侧翼47转动,这样导致向下凹槽48(暂时)拓宽,由此可便于地板37与相邻地板的耦合(见图7A-7F)。所示地板37可以为镶木地板、厚木板、复合地板或塑料地板。
图7A-7F示出了根据图6的实现两块地板37a,37b间的耦合的连续方法步骤。在如图7A所示的第一(任选的)步骤中,通过在第二块地板37b上滑动第一块地板37a(见箭头)以在第二块地板37b的第一耦合部分39的方向上移动第一块地板37a的第二耦合部分40。如图7B所示,通过使第一块地板37a的芯板38的下侧38b沿着第二块地板37b的向上舌片41的上侧41d滑动(见箭头),直到第一块地板37a的向下舌片46的对准边缘46a支撑在第二块地板37b(图7C)的向上舌片41的对准边缘41b上,第一块地板37a的第二耦合部分40于是与第二块地板37b的第一耦合部分39对齐。第一块地板37的向下舌片46的另一个对准边缘46b通常也会与芯板38的上侧38a接触。现在通过对第一块地板37a的第二耦合部分40的至少桥接部分50施加向下压力,向下舌片46会相对于向下侧翼47在向上方向上枢转,其中第二块地板37b的向上舌片41通常也会相对于第二块地板37b的向上侧翼42枢转(见图7D)。在耦合部分39,40的暂时变形期间,第一块地板37a的向下凹槽48和第二块地板37b的向上凹槽43都会拓宽,从而第一块地板37a的向下舌片46可以至少部分地设置在第二块地板37b的向上凹槽43中,并且第二块地板37b的向上舌片41可以至少部分地设置在第一块地板37a的向下凹槽48中(图7E)。在地板37a,37b上的压力释放后,变形基本上结束,地板37a,37b会相互耦合。由于地板37a,37b的锁定元件44,49在耦合位置相互相配合,在此实现附加锁定。地板37a,37b的分离另外通过在向上的方向上移动第一块地板37a的背离第二块地板37b的自由外端进行,此后地板37a,37b发出咔哒声继而相互松开。第一块地板37a在向上方向上的移动可选择通过使用例如楔子的工具促使其完成。拆卸地板37a,37b的另一个方法是使地板37a,37b沿着彼此滑动,由此耦合部分39,40可以相互移开,其使地板37a,37b分离。
图8示出了根据图6和7的地板37的透视图,其也示出了第一耦合部分51和第二耦合部分52位于矩形地板37的相对较短的两侧。地板37的短侧的截面图如图9所示。如图所示,第一耦合部分51在结构上与图6所示的第一耦合部分39的构造很大程度上是一致的,并且第二耦合部分52在结构上与图6所示的第二耦合部分40的构造很大程度上是一致的。然而,图8中所示的第一耦合部分51包括向上凹槽53,其与图6中所示的地板37的长侧的向上凹槽43相比较浅。此外,第一锁定元件54与第一耦合部分51的向上舌片56的上侧55连接。限定向上凹槽53的平坦的下侧57进一步具有比图6中所示的相应下侧更小的尺寸,向上舌片56比图6所示的向上舌片41具有更小的尺寸。图8中所示的第二耦合部分52针对图6中所示的第二耦合部分40相应更改。设置在位于短侧的第一耦合部分51和第二耦合部分52相对于设置在长侧上的第一耦合部分39和第二耦合部分40的尺寸特别用于促进地板37的相互耦合,如图10A-10G(第一方法)和图11A-11G(第二方法)进一步所示。
图10A-10G示出了铺设由根据图6-9的地板37构成的地面58的第一方法。当地板37a与已铺设地板37(图10A)耦合时,可在横向方向上(见箭头A)在已铺设地板37上推动相应的地板37(图10B和10C),其中一个或多个已铺设地板37的第一耦合部分39与用于铺设的地板37的第二耦合部分40相耦合。在地板37的纵向侧边耦合后,在纵向上(见箭头B)推动用于铺设的地板37(图10D和10E),由此通过使将用于铺设的地板37的第二耦合部分52与相邻地板37的第一耦合部分51相配合,使地板37的短侧相互连接。
图11A-11G示出了铺设由根据图6-9的地板37构成的地面58的第二方法。当地板37a与已铺设的地板37(图11A)耦合时,用于铺设的相应的地板37的角点(corner point)37a可位于已耦合的地板形成的拐角处(图11B和11C和相继的图11D和11E),此后用于铺设的地板37向下枢转,由此,用于铺设的地板37的第二耦合部分40在这种情况下与已铺设的地板37的第一耦合部分39的多个相互配合,由此用于铺设的地板37的第二耦合部分52与相邻地板37的第一耦合部分51相配合。据此第二方法,长侧和短侧同时相互(或多或少)连接。
图12示出了根据本发明的可选择的地板59的俯视图。地板59包括六个相等侧边60,其中侧边60可选择地设置有第一耦合部分61和第二耦合部分62。第一耦合部分61在结构上与图6所示的第一耦合部分39完全相同,第二耦合部分62在结构上与图6所示的第二耦合部分40完全相同。通过不同的地板59的第一耦合部分61和第二耦合部分62的配合,六边形地板59的耦合可使地面制成蜂巢图案。
图13示出了根据图6-11G的地板37的一部分的局部放大图,其中特别示出了第一耦合部分39。除了之前已详细说明的所有特定的表面之外,图13还示出了向上侧翼42的上部42b基本垂直并设置有偏移量的悬垂连接表面63。应用悬垂连接表面63的优势是相邻地板37的第二耦合部分40(以虚线表示)能够与悬垂连接表面63紧密吻合,其中恰好在悬垂连接表面63下方的两个耦合部分39,40之间形成气隙64。两个耦合部分39,40之间有意形成的间隙对于为了使耦合部分39,40彼此精准连接通常是有利的,因为地板37形状不规则或地板37的膨胀会由气隙64补偿。上述的是背离向下侧翼的侧边46b具有比向上侧翼42的互补侧边42a更平坦的定位,藉此在耦合位置会形成进一步的气隙65,其通常进一步促进两块地板37间的耦合。
图14示出了根据本发明的地板52a,52b的另一个实施例的组件51的一部分的侧视图。从结构上的角度看,所示的地板52a,52b与如图6中所示的地板37很大一部分是相似的,其中地板以三个锁定装置相互连接。第一锁定装置在图6中所示的地板37中也描述过,并且以位于右侧地板52b的向上舌片55的向外表面54上的向外凸出部53,和位于左侧地板52a的向下侧翼57的凹处56之间的配合为基础。第二锁定装置,其在图6中所示的地板37中也描述过,由左侧地板52a的向下舌片59的斜面58与向上舌片55的斜面60接合而形成,使得左侧地板52a的向下舌片59锁定于右侧地板52b的向上凹槽61中。第三锁定装置由位于向下舌片59的向外侧面63的附加向外凸出部62的应用而形成,更特别的是其位于左侧地板52a的向下舌片59的外表面63上的对准边缘64和垂直顶端65之间。所述的附加凸出部62与设置在右侧地板52b的向上侧翼67的互补凹处66相配合并与其扣合(snap-fits)。在向下舌片59和向上侧翼67之间有膨胀室68,为了能够补偿地板52,52b例如由于受潮而发生的膨胀。
图15示出了根据本发明的地板70a,70b的另一个实施例的组件69的一部分的侧视图,其具有三个锁定装置。第一锁定装置以位于右侧地板70b的向上舌片73的向外表面72上的向外凸出部71,和位于左侧地板70a的向下侧翼75的凹处74之间的配合为基础。第二锁定装置由左侧地板70a的向下舌片77的斜面76与向上舌片73的斜面78接合而形成,使得左侧地板70a的向下舌片77锁定于右侧地板70b的向上凹槽79中。第三锁定装置由位于向下舌片77的向外侧面81的附加向外凸出部80的应用而形成,更特别的是其位于左侧地板70a的向下舌片77的外表面81上的对准边缘82和垂直顶端83之间,其中在凸出部80和垂直顶端83之间有一个平滑的过渡。所说的附加凸出部80与设置于右侧地板70b的向上侧翼85的互补凹处84相配合并与其扣合。在向下舌片77和向上侧翼85之间有膨胀室86,为了能够补偿地板70a,70b例如由于吸收潮湿而发生的膨胀。
图16示出了根据本发明的地板88a,88b的另一个实施例的组件87的一部分的侧视图,其具有三个锁定装置。第一和第二锁定装置与图6、图14、和图15所示的第一和第二锁定装置是完全相同的。第三锁定装置以位于左侧地板88a的向下舌片91的向外表面90上的向外凸出部89的应用为基础,其与右侧地板88b的向上侧翼93的互补凹处92相配合。由于存在基本垂直的狭槽94,其临近凸出部89,应用于向下舌片91的对准边缘95,因此凸出部89适于相对于向下舌片91的核心部分轻微变形。此弹性促使凸出部89扣入凹处92,并由此实现地板88a,88b之间的连接。
图17示出了根据本发明的地板97a,97b的另一个实施例的组件96的一部分的侧视图,其具有三个锁定装置。第一和第二锁定装置与图6、图14、图15和图16所示的第一和第二锁定装置是完全相同的。再次,第三锁定装置以位于左侧地板的向下舌片100的向外表面99上的向外凸出部98的应用为基础,其与右侧地板97b的向上侧翼102的互补凹处101相配合。由于存在应用于向下舌片100的水平底层表面104的基本垂直的狭槽103,因此凸出部98适于针对向下舌片100的核心部分轻微变形。此弹性促使凸出部98扣入凹处101,并由此实现地板97a,97b之间的连接。
图18示出了根据本发明的地板106a,106b的另一个实施例的组件105的一部分的侧视图,其具有三个锁定装置。第一和第二锁定装置与先前的图所示的第一和第二锁定装置是完全相同的。第三锁定装置以位于左侧地板106a的向下舌片109的向外表面108上的狭槽107的应用为基础,其与右侧地板106b的向上侧翼112的相对的凹处111包含的水平移动弹簧销110相配合。弹簧销110的外端成圆锥形,以促进地板106a,106b的连接。
图19示出了根据本发明的地板114a,114b的另一个实施例的组件113的一部分的侧视图,其具有三个锁定装置。第一和第二锁定装置与先前的图所示的第一和第二锁定装置是完全相同的。第三锁定装置以位于左侧地板114a的向下舌片117的向外表面116上的水平狭槽115的应用为基础,其中狭槽115受突出的锁定边缘118的制约,锁定边缘118与组成了右侧地板114b的向上侧翼121的一部分的互补的逆向边缘119相配合。
图20示出了根据图7c所示的被认为是中间状态的地板37a,37b的详图,在此状态下发生地板37a-37b的预对准。图中所涉及的标记如下:
a:地板37a和地板37b之间的接触点,其中地板37a和37b未变形;
b:地板37a和地板37b之间的接触点,其中向上舌片41变形以允许向下舌片46进入向上凹槽43;
c:地板37a的倾斜侧g的一点,其和地板37b的上表面的水平面一致;
d:地板37b的上角;
e:向下凹槽48的顶部最高点;
f:在向下凹槽48的方向上的向下舌片46的倾斜侧翼;
g:背离向下凹槽48的向下舌片46的倾斜侧;
w1:向下舌片46的实际宽度w1由在与地板37b的顶层表面垂直的方向上穿过地板37b的点a的线l1,平行的方向上和在垂直于地板37b顶层表面的方向上,穿过地板37a的点c的线l2之间的在与向下舌片46的成角度的外端121距离限定;
w2:向下舌片46的有效宽度w2由在平行于地板37b顶层表面的方向上,线l1和线l2之间的最短距离限定;
w3:向上凹槽43的宽度w3由线l1和在垂直于地板37b顶层表面的方向上穿过角d的线l3之间的最短距离限定;
w4:向下舌片46的宽度w4由在垂直于地板37b顶层表面的方向上穿过地板37b的点b的线l4和线l3之间的最短距离限定;
h1:向下舌片46的实际高度,由向下舌片46的成角度的外端121和穿过点c并与向下舌片46的成角度的外端121平行的线之间的最短距离限定;
h2:向下凹槽48的有效高度,由在与地板37b的顶层表面平行方向上穿过地板37b的点a的线l5和在与线l5平行的方向上,穿过向下凹槽48的顶部的点e的线l6之间的最短距离限定;
δ:在与向下舌片46的成角度的外端121平行的方向上穿过地板37a的点c的线和在与地板37b的顶层表面平行的方向上穿过地板37a的点c的线之间的角;和
:地板37a的侧翼和线l1之间的角。
如图所示,在互补方向上的地板37a,37b不发生变形。在地板37b的上角d和地板37a的点c之间是一小空间,以便地板37a上形成的压力不会损坏角d。地板37a和37b可以如图7中描述地那样耦合。在耦合期间第二耦合部分40会变形。地板37a和37b之间的接触点会从点a移至点b,其中向下舌片46可以嵌入地板37b的向上凹槽43中。
为使地板37a和37b有效耦合,地板37a,37b之间的相互关系如下面的规格所示:
w2<w3
w2≤w4
w3>w4
w2≈w1*cosδ
w1<w3*cosδ
应该理解为本发明不局限于示出的典型实施例和此处的描述,而是在附属权利要求范围内可能具有众多变型,这对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。

Claims (31)

1.一种地板,包括:
具有上侧和下侧的中央芯板,
至少一个第一弹性耦合部分和第二弹性耦合部分相应地连接到芯板的相对边缘,
其中第一耦合部分包括至少一个向上舌片,至少一个与向上舌片有一定距离的向上侧翼,和形成在向上舌片和向上侧翼之间的至少一个向上凹槽,其中:
面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分在芯板上侧的基准的一定方向上延伸,
面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分形成向上对准边缘,作用是将第一耦合部分耦合到相邻地板的第二耦合部分,
背离向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分设置有第一锁定元件,其刚性地与向上舌片连接并适于与相邻地板的第二耦合部分的第二锁定元件相配合,
其中第二耦合部分包括至少一个向下舌片,至少一个与向下舌片有一定距离的向下侧翼,和形成在向下舌片和向下侧翼之间的至少一个向下凹槽,其中:
面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片的一侧的至少部分在芯板下侧的基准的一定方向上延伸,
背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的一侧的至少部分形成向下对准边缘,作用是将第二耦合部分耦合到相邻地板的第一耦合部分,
向下侧翼设置有第二锁定元件,其刚性地与向下侧翼连接并适于与相邻地板的第一耦合部分的第一锁定元件相配合,
其中向上凹槽适于容纳相邻地板的至少部分向下舌片,且其中向下凹槽适于容纳相邻地板的至少部分向上舌片,
其中,向上舌片的上侧沿向上舌片的背离向上侧翼的侧面的方向向下倾斜,并且,其中,向下凹槽的上侧具有同样的倾斜定位,其沿向下舌片的朝向向下侧翼的侧面方向向上倾斜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于耦合部分包括与芯板连接的桥接部分和弹性连接到桥接部分的端部,其中端部适于在与芯板形成的平面围成角度的方向上弹性移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的地板,其特征在于所述角度是直角。
4.根据权利要求2所述的地板,其特征在于第一耦合部分的向上侧翼形成了第一耦合部分的桥接部分的一部分,并且第一耦合部分的向上舌片形成了第一耦合部分的端部的一部分。
5.根据权利要求2或4所述的地板,其特征在于第二耦合部分的向下侧翼形成了第二耦合部分的桥接部分的一部分,并且第二耦合部分的向下舌片形成了第二耦合部分的端部的一部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧的至少部分和芯板上侧的基准所围成的相互角度等于面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片一侧的至少部分和芯板的下侧的基准所围成的相互角度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的地板,
其特征在于一方面面对着向上侧翼的向上舌片一侧的至少部分延伸的方向和另一方面芯板上侧的基准所围成的角度位于0和60度之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的地板,其特征在于所述角度在0和45度之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于一方面面对着向下侧翼的向下舌片一侧的至少部分延伸的方向和另一方面芯板下侧的基准所围成的角度位于0和60度之间,优选在0和45度之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的地板,其特征在于所述角度在0和45度之间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于向上舌片的上侧的至少部分在朝向芯板上侧的基准的一定方向上延伸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第二耦合部分的对准边缘的至少一部分比第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的至少一部分具有更平坦的定位。
13.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的一部分连接到芯板形成了用于背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的至少一部分的止动表面。
14.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于连接到芯板的第一耦合部分的向上侧翼的一部分垂直定位。
15.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于背离向下侧翼的向下舌片的侧面的至少一部分垂直定位。
16.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一耦合部分的向上凹槽的形状使得所述向上凹槽适于以锁定方式容纳相邻地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片的至少一部分。
17.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于向上凹槽适于接收相邻地板的向下舌片并与之夹紧配合。
18.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于向下凹槽适于接收相邻地板的向上舌片并与之夹紧配合。
19.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于向上侧翼和向下侧翼在平行的方向上延伸。
20.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一锁定元件包括至少一个向外凸出部,并且第二锁定元件包括至少一个凹进部,为了实现锁定耦合的目的,所述向外凸出部适于至少部分容纳在相邻耦合地板的凹进部。
21.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一锁定元件位于与向上舌片的上侧有一定距离的位置。
22.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一耦合部分包括多个彼此具有一定距离的向上舌片,其中向上凹槽位于每两个相邻的向上舌片之间,并且第二耦合部分包括彼此具有一定距离的多个向下凹槽,目的是为了容纳所述向上舌片。
23.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于地板的多个侧面包括第一耦合部分,并且地板的多个侧面包括第二耦合部分,其中每个第一耦合部分和每个第二耦合部分位于地板的相对侧面。
24.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于第一耦合部分和第二耦合部分形成芯板的核心部分。
25.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于地板至少部分由木材制成。
26.根据权利要求25所述的地板,其特征在于地板包括承载层的层压板,承载层包括木制产品和布置在承载层上侧的至少一个顶层。
27.根据权利要求26所述的地板,其特征在于至少一个顶层注入树脂。
28.根据权利要求26或27所述的地板,其特征在于至少一个顶层形成压花层。
29.根据权利要求1所述的地板,其特征在于地板至少部分由塑料制成。
30.根据权利要求1-29中的任一项所述的地板相互接合组成的地面覆盖物。
31.两块根据权利要求1-29中的任一项所述的地板相互连接的方法,包括步骤:
A)使第一地板的第二耦合部分与第二地板的第一耦合部分接合,
B)在第二地板的第一耦合部分的方向上对第一地板的第二耦合部分施加压力,以使第一地板的第二耦合部分的端部在向上的方向上枢转和/或第二地板的第一耦合部分的端部在向下的方向上枢转,由此第一地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片至少部分设置在第二地板的第一耦合部分的向上凹槽内,和
C)释放在步骤B)施加的压力,由此至少一个变形的耦合部分会转回到原始位置并且第一地板的第二耦合部分的向下舌片会锁定在第二地板的第一耦合部分的向上凹槽中,并且其中第二锁定元件刚性地连接到向下侧翼,第二锁定元件和第一锁定元件相配合,其中第一锁定元件位于背离向上侧翼的向上舌片的一侧并刚性地连接到第二地板的向上舌片。
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CA3231875A1 (en) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-06 I4F Licensing Nv Panel interconnectable with similar panels for forming a covering
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