CN104796638B - A kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor - Google Patents

A kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor Download PDF

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CN104796638B
CN104796638B CN201510188429.2A CN201510188429A CN104796638B CN 104796638 B CN104796638 B CN 104796638B CN 201510188429 A CN201510188429 A CN 201510188429A CN 104796638 B CN104796638 B CN 104796638B
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operational amplifier
switch
signal
electric capacity
sampling circuit
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CN104796638A (en
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苏凯
韩本光
徐晚成
郭仲杰
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771 Research Institute of 9th Academy of CASC
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771 Research Institute of 9th Academy of CASC
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor, including the first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2;The positive input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 inputs the first biasing voltage signal VCM1 and the second biasing voltage signal VCM2 respectively;The negative input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 connects the input VIN_ODD and VIN_EVEN of correlated double sampling circuit respectively, wherein, the signal being sampled is divided into odd number column signal and even number column signal, and the signal input part VIN_ODD and VIN_EVEN of correlated double sampling circuit are sent into respectively as input;First operational amplifier A 1 connects the output end OUT to form correlated double sampling circuit with the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2.The circuit in the case where master clock frequency is constant, can reach twice of master clock sample rate, and the circuit is also avoided that imbalance of the traditional structure during the foundation of operating point, improves sampling precision, and simple in construction, it is easy to accomplish.

Description

A kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor
Technical field
The invention belongs to cmos image sensor field, and in particular to a kind of high speed flowing water for cmos image sensor Output type correlated double sampling circuit.
Background technology
As the important electronic component for obtaining image information, cmos image sensor is numerous in photodetection and imaging etc. Field is widely used.Due to systems such as CMOS technology compatibility is strong, low in energy consumption, wide dynamic range and reliability height Row advantage, cmos image sensor are widely used to the skills such as astronomical surveing, digital camera, mobile phone, safety defense monitoring system, medical treatment Art field.With requirement more and more higher of the machine system to systematic function, in the market is to high frame frequency, fireballing imaging sensor Demand it is more and more stronger, the correlated double sampling circuit as imaging sensor important component is into the bottle for restricting this performance Neck, therefore, how on the premise of circuit and control sequential complexity is not increased, the speed for improving correlated double sampling circuit is to work as Previous popular research direction.
Photodiode in cmos image sensor converts optical signals into electric charge, and stores a charge in storage section Point, then exported by a source follower, in order to weaken the noise of source follower, each pixel will be by bit line successively Signal twice is exported, is once reset level signal, is once the optical signal on the basis of reset level, therefore cmos image passes The reading form of sensor reading circuit generally use correlated-double-sampling (Correlated Double Sampling, CDS).It is i.e. first By storage node reset to supply voltage, now source follower output reset level, and reset level Sampling hold is got off, Then photogenerated charge caused by photodiode is transferred to memory node again, reading circuit is by under optical signal level Sampling hold Come., can be by noise filtering when reset level and optical signal level are done into subtraction, here it is the principle of correlated-double-sampling. As a rule correlated double sampling circuit is required for operational amplifier as core parts, and the gain of amplifier, response speed and builds The precision of sampled signal can be influenceed between immediately, if optical signal level is ready for needing to carry out correlated-double-sampling, now Amplifier is also not up to stable, so will result in that the signal errors of preceding several pixels is larger, and not enough accurately, this has had a strong impact on figure As the quality of signal.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling for cmos image sensor Circuit, the defects of to overcome above-mentioned prior art to exist, the present invention can double sample rate, realize that high speed flowing water is defeated Go out, imbalance of the traditional structure during the foundation of operating point can be avoided, improve sampling precision.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor, including the first operation amplifier Device A1 and the second operational amplifier A 2;
The positive input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 inputs the first bias voltage letter respectively Number VCM1 and the second biasing voltage signal VCM2;The negative input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 point Not Lian Jie correlated double sampling circuit input VIN_ODD and signal input part VIN_EVEN, wherein, the signal being sampled is divided into Odd number column signal and even number column signal, the signal input part VIN_ODD and letter of correlated double sampling circuit are sent into respectively as input Number input VIN_EVEN;First operational amplifier A 1 connects to form correlated-double-sampling with the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 The output end OUT of circuit;
The negative input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the signal input part VIN_ODD of correlated double sampling circuit are indirectly There is the first electric capacity C1, it is in parallel between the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the output end of the first operational amplifier A 1 to set There are first switch S1 and the second electric capacity C2, the output end of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the output end OUT of correlated double sampling circuit Between be provided with second switch S2;
Between the negative input of second operational amplifier A 2 and the signal input part VIN_EVEN of correlated double sampling circuit The 3rd electric capacity C3 is connected to, it is in parallel between the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 Provided with the 3rd switch S3 and the 4th electric capacity C4, the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the output end of correlated double sampling circuit The 4th switch S4 is provided between OUT;
Wherein, first switch S1, the 4th switch S4 clock signal and control second switch S2, the 3rd is controlled to switch S3's Clock signal is the cycle non-overlapping clock control signal of identical two-phase.
Further, between the output end of the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the first operational amplifier A 1 also Parallel connection is provided with the 5th switch S5.
Further, between the output end of the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the second operational amplifier A 2 also Parallel connection is provided with the 6th switch S6;Wherein, it is precondition clock signal to control the 5th switch S5, the 6th switch S6 clock signal.
Further, the first electric capacity C1 capacitance is identical with the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitance.
Further, the second electric capacity C2 capacitance is identical with the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance.
Further, the second electric capacity C2 capacitance is X times of the first electric capacity C1 capacitances, wherein, X is any real number.
Further, the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance is X times of the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitances, wherein, X is any real number.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has technique effect beneficial below:
The present invention, using streamline thought, sampling and amplification is exported on the premise of circuit system complexity is not increased Concurrent process is carried out, and gives actual circuit structure and time sequence control structure, when upper circuit, which amplifies, to be exported, Lower half of circuit sampling signal, when lower half of circuit amplification exports, upper circuit sampling signal, so circulate always past It is multiple, in the case where master clock frequency is constant so that sampling output speed is doubled, and enhances the property of imaging sensor Can, realize flowing water output.
Further, the 5th switch S5 and the 6th switch S6 are added in circuit of the invention, before sampling is not started, 5th switch S5 turns on the 6th switch S6 so that amplifier establishes working condition in advance, before soon sampling, by the 5th switch The switch S6 shut-offs of S5 and the 6th, this avoid the problem of several circular errors are larger before sampling, are reduced due to amplifier During itself is established, sampling error caused by gain deficiency is excessive, improves sampling precision, and implementation is simple, tool There is practicality.
Further, the second electric capacity C2 capacitance is X times of the first electric capacity C1 capacitances, the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance It is X times of the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitances, wherein, X is any real number, to meet the requirement of voltage amplification.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is imaging sensor traditional sampling schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the timing diagram of imaging sensor traditional sampling mode;
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart of the circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the timing diagram of controlling switch break-make in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Referring to Fig. 3, a kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor, including it is as follows Component structure:
First operational amplifier A 1;
Second operational amplifier A 2;
First switch S1, its first end (left end) and the 5th switch S5 first end (left end), the first of the second electric capacity C2 End (left pole plate), the first electric capacity C1 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 are connected, its Second end (right-hand member) and the 5th switch S5 the second end (right-hand member), the second electric capacity C2 the second end (right pole plate), second switch S2 First end (left end) and the output end B points of the first operational amplifier A 1 be connected;
Second switch S2, its first end (left end) and first switch S1 the second end (right-hand member), the second of the 5th switch S5 End (right-hand member), the second electric capacity C2 the second end (right pole plate) and the output end B points of the first operational amplifier A 1 are connected, and it second End (right-hand member) is connected and as the output end of the correlated double sampling circuit with the second end (right-hand member) of the 4th switch;
3rd switch S3, its first end (left end) and the 6th switch S6 first end (left end), the first of the 4th electric capacity C4 End (left pole plate), the 3rd electric capacity C3 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 are connected, its Second end (right-hand member) and the 6th switch S6 the second end (right-hand member), the 4th electric capacity C4 the second end (right pole plate), the 4th switch S4 First end (left end) and the output end D points of the second operational amplifier A 2 be connected;
4th switch S4, its first end (left end) and the 3rd switch S3 the second end (right-hand member), the second of the 6th switch S6 End (right-hand member), the 4th electric capacity C4 the second end (right pole plate) and the output end D points of the second operational amplifier A 2 are connected, and it second End (right-hand member) is connected and as the output end of the correlated double sampling circuit with the second end (right-hand member) of second switch;
5th switch S5, its first end (left end) and first switch S1 first end (left end), the first of the second electric capacity C2 End (left pole plate), the first electric capacity C1 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 are connected, its Second end (right-hand member) and first switch S1 the second end (right-hand member), the second electric capacity C2 the second end (right pole plate), second switch S2 First end (left end) and the output end B points of the first operational amplifier A 1 be connected;
6th switch S6, its first end (left end) and the 3rd switch S3 first end (left end), the first of the 4th electric capacity C4 End (left pole plate), the 3rd electric capacity C3 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 are connected, its Second end (right-hand member) and the 3rd switch S3 the second end (right-hand member), the 4th electric capacity C4 the second end (right pole plate), the 4th switch S4 First end (left end) and the output end D points of the second operational amplifier A 2 be connected;
First electric capacity C1, its first end (left pole plate) and the signal input part VIN_ODD phases of the correlated double sampling circuit Even, its second end (right pole plate) and first switch S1 first end (left end), the 5th switch S5 first end (left end), the second electricity The reverse input end of the first end (left pole plate) and the first operational amplifier A 1 of holding C2 is connected;
Second electric capacity C2, first end (left end), fiveth switch S5 first end of its first end (left end) with first switch S1 (left end), the first electric capacity C1 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 are connected, and it second (right-hand member) and the 5th is held to switch S5 the second end (right-hand member), first switch S1 the second end (right-hand member), the first of second switch S2 The output end B points of end (left end) and the first operational amplifier A 1 are connected;
3rd electric capacity C3, its first end (left pole plate) and the signal input part VIN_EVEN phases of the correlated double sampling circuit Even, its second end (right pole plate) and the 3rd switch S3 first end (left end), the 6th switch S6 first end (left end), the 4th electricity The negative input of the first end (left pole plate) and the second operational amplifier A 2 of holding C4 is connected;
4th electric capacity C4, first end (left end), sixth switch S6 first end of its first end (left end) with the 3rd switch S3 (left end), the 3rd electric capacity C3 the second end (right pole plate) and the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 are connected, and it second The second end (right-hand member) of (right-hand member) and the 6th switch S6, the 3rd is held to switch S3 the second end (right-hand member), the first of the 4th switch S4 The output end D points of end (left end) and the second operational amplifier A 2 are connected.
The positive input of first operational amplifier A 1 connects input offset voltage signal (VCM1);
The positive input of second operational amplifier A 2 connects input offset voltage signal (VCM2);
First electric capacity C1 capacitance is identical with the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitance;
Second electric capacity C2 capacitance is identical with the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance;
Second electric capacity C2 capacitance is X times of the first electric capacity C1 capacitances, and X is any real number;
4th electric capacity C4 capacitance is X times of the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitances, and X is any real number.
The implementation process of the present invention is described in further detail below:
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, Fig. 1 is the simple diagram of the sampled signal of imaging sensor, it can be seen that for there is x Multiply the imaging sensor face battle array of y pixel, when master clock cycle is T, read the time t of a width figure1For:
t1=xyT
Fig. 3 is the correlated double sampling circuit structure chart of the present invention, and the positive input of the first operational amplifier A 1 connects common mode Bias voltage VCM1, the positive input of the second operational amplifier A 2 meets syntype bias voltage VCM2, VCM1 and VCM2 can be by base Other bias sources such as reference voltage source or dc source provide.OUT is the output end of the correlated double sampling circuit of invention in figure.Will The signal being sampled in Fig. 1 is divided into odd number column signal and even number column signal, and the correlation pair that the present invention is sent into respectively as input is adopted The signal input part VIN_ODD and signal input part VIN_EVEN of sample circuit.
According to Fig. 4 timing diagram, first switch S1, the 4th switch S4 clock signal and control second switch are controlled in figure S2, the 3rd switch S3 clock signal are the cycle non-overlapping clock control signal of identical two-phase, and T1=T2=T, i.e., main here Clock cycle is also T, and high level turns on;It is precondition clock signal to control the 5th switch S5, the 6th switch S6 clock signal, This switching function provides precondition mechanism, high level conducting for the correlated double sampling circuit of invention;In Fig. 4 VIN_ODD with VIN_EVEN is the signal being sampled, and using digital circuit logic, its phase difference is opened.
When S1S4 signals are high, the first operational amplifier A 1 is connected in Unity-gain buffer pattern, now A points and B points Voltage is identical with the voltage at VCM1 ends, is VVCM1, the first electric capacity C1 first end (left pole plate) is charged to VIN_ODD reset Voltage V1, now upper circuit is sample phase;
When S1S4 signals are low, the switches of first switch S1 and the 4th S4 disconnects, first this part of operational amplifier A 1 electricity Road is magnifying state, it can be seen from " empty short " of operational amplifier and " void is disconnected " principle and principle of charge conservation, without electric charge The negative input of operational amplifier is flowed into, now, when VIN_ODD voltages change to V2 from V1, obtains equation below:
(V1-V2) C1=(VB-VVCM1)C2
That is B point voltages VBFor
VB=VVCM1+(V1-V2)C1/C2
Actually (V1-V2) is exactly photovoltage signal caused by photodiode.At the same time, S2S3 signals are height, Second switch S2, the 3rd switch S3 are turned on, the voltage V of OUT terminal in Fig. 3OUT=VB, export the signal sampled, at this moment, the 3rd S3 conductings are switched, the second operational amplifier A 2 is connected in Unity-gain buffer pattern, now voltage and VCM2 end of the C points with D points Voltage is identical, is VVCM2, the 3rd electric capacity C3 first end (left pole plate) is charged to VIN_EVEN resetting voltage V3, and this is at present Half of circuit is sample phase;
When S2S3 signals are low, second switch S2, the 3rd switch S3 disconnect, similarly, when VIN_EVEN voltages become from V3 When changing to V4, equation below is obtained:
(V3-V4) C3=(VD-VVCM2)C4
That is D point voltages VDFor
VD=VVCM2+(V3-V4)C3/C4
Here (V3-V4) is photovoltage signal caused by next photodiode.At the same time, S1S4 signals are Height, first switch S1, the 4th switch S4 are turned on, the voltage V of OUT terminal in Fig. 3OUT=VD, export second signal sampled. Here (C1/C2) and (C3/C4) value can select for a post meaning real number, to meet the requirement of voltage amplification.
Like this, when upper circuit, which amplifies, to be exported, lower half of circuit sampling signal, lower half of circuit amplifies defeated When going out, upper circuit sampling signal, so move in circles always, now read the time t of a width figure2For:
t2=(xyT)/2
So sample rate is doubled, realizes flowing water output.
Among practical application, the first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 are that finite gain, bandwidth are limited Amplifier, the gain error of sampling is:
(C2+C1)/C2Av1
(C4+C3)/C4Av2
Here Av1For the multiplication factor of the first operational amplifier A 1, Av2For the multiplication factor of the second operational amplifier A 2.From Upper two formula understands that after capacitance determines, the gain of amplifier is bigger, and sampling error is smaller, and precision is better.Related pair of in general is adopted Before sampling is not started, all switches off sample circuit, before the switch S3 conductings of first switch S1 or the 3rd, amplifier A points Or the indefinite state that B points are floating, now although amplifier has direct current biasing, but internal node does not reach real work Quiescent point, if amplifier endophyte is larger, when first switch S1 or the 3rd switch S3 conducting after, amplifier need one The fixed time reaches stable working condition, if this time reaches the several times in sampling period, during this period of time, fortune Amplification gain deficiency, cause the signal voltage error of several preceding cycles output of sampling larger, influence the output of imaging sensor Signal quality.
In the circuit of the present invention, the 5th switch S5 and the 6th switch S6 are added, its working method is shown in Fig. 4, do not started Before sampling, the 5th switch S5 turns on the 6th switch S6 so that and amplifier establishes working condition in advance, before soon sampling, 5th switch S5 and the 6th switch S6 are turned off, this avoid the problem of several circular errors are larger before sampling, and Implementation is simple, has practicality.
A kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor of the present invention is not increasing On the premise of circuit system complexity, using streamline thought, sampling and amplification output procedure are carried out parallel, and give reality The circuit structure and time sequence control structure on border, in the case where master clock frequency is constant so that sampling output speed improves one Times, enhance the performance of imaging sensor, the precondition switch of addition reduces established in itself due to amplifier during, gain is not Sampling error is excessive caused by foot, improves sampling precision.
Described above is the preferred embodiments of the invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art For, on the premise of principle of the present invention is not departed from, some improvements and modifications can be also made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of high speed flowing water output type correlated double sampling circuit for cmos image sensor, it is characterised in that including One operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2;
The positive input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 inputs the first biasing voltage signal respectively VCM1 and the second biasing voltage signal VCM2;The negative input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the second operational amplifier A 2 is distinguished The signal input part VIN_ODD and signal input part VIN_EVEN of correlated double sampling circuit are connected, wherein, the signal being sampled point For odd number column signal and even number column signal, respectively as the signal input part VIN_ODD and signal of input correlated double sampling circuit Input VIN_EVEN signal;First operational amplifier A 1 connects to form related pair with the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 The output end OUT of sample circuit;
Is connected between the negative input of first operational amplifier A 1 and the signal input part VIN_ODD of correlated double sampling circuit One electric capacity C1, it is in parallel between the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the output end of the first operational amplifier A 1 to be provided with the One switch S1 and the first electric capacity C2, between the output end of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the output end OUT of correlated double sampling circuit Provided with second switch S2;
It is connected between the negative input of second operational amplifier A 2 and the signal input part VIN_EVEN of correlated double sampling circuit 3rd electric capacity C3, it is in parallel between the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 to be provided with 3rd switch S3 and the 4th electric capacity C4, the output end of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the output end OUT of correlated double sampling circuit it Between be provided with the 4th switch S4;
Wherein, first switch S1, the 4th switch S4 clock signal and control second switch S2, the 3rd switch S3 clock are controlled Signal is the cycle non-overlapping clock control signal of identical two-phase.
A kind of 2. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 1 Road, it is characterised in that between the output end of the negative input of the first operational amplifier A 1 and the first operational amplifier A 1 also simultaneously Connection is provided with the 5th switch S5.
A kind of 3. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 2 Road, it is characterised in that between the output end of the negative input of the second operational amplifier A 2 and the second operational amplifier A 2 also simultaneously Connection is provided with the 6th switch S6;Wherein, it is precondition clock signal to control the 5th switch S5, the 6th switch S6 clock signal.
A kind of 4. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 1 Road, it is characterised in that the first electric capacity C1 capacitance is identical with the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitance.
A kind of 5. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 1 Road, it is characterised in that the second electric capacity C2 capacitance is identical with the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance.
A kind of 6. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 1 Road, it is characterised in that the second electric capacity C2 capacitance is X times of the first electric capacity C1 capacitances, wherein, X is any real number.
A kind of 7. high speed flowing water output type correlated-double-sampling electricity for cmos image sensor according to claim 1 Road, it is characterised in that the 4th electric capacity C4 capacitance is X times of the 3rd electric capacity C3 capacitances, wherein, X is any real number.
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CN108521549B (en) * 2018-03-28 2020-08-25 西安微电子技术研究所 Super large area array CMOS image sensor structure
CN111565032B (en) * 2019-02-13 2023-11-10 上海耕岩智能科技有限公司 Signal conversion circuit and signal readout circuit architecture
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