CN104789830B - A kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions - Google Patents
A kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions Download PDFInfo
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- CN104789830B CN104789830B CN201410239272.7A CN201410239272A CN104789830B CN 104789830 B CN104789830 B CN 104789830B CN 201410239272 A CN201410239272 A CN 201410239272A CN 104789830 B CN104789830 B CN 104789830B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions, is related to metal material field, and the aluminium alloy extrusions constituent includes by weight percentage：Mg：0.75‑0.90；Si：0.5‑0.6；Cu：0.10‑0.14；Mn：0.20‑0.25；Ti：0‑0.1；Cr：0‑0.1；Fe：0.1‑0.3；Zn：0.20‑0.28；Surplus is Al.Heretofore described aluminium alloy extrusions material, it is optimized by the way that alloying component is optimized, and to melting and casting, homogenization, extruding, heat treatment, treatment in production technology, effectively improves the mechanical performance and top layer film quality of section bar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material field, more particularly to a kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions.
Background technology
Sliding window advantage is succinct, attractive in appearance, window width is big, glass blocks is big, broad view, daylight rate are high, clean the windows conveniently, make
Grown with flexible, safe and reliable, service life, opened in a plane, occupy space is few, and installation screen window is convenient etc..Current door
Most popular in window is exactly sliding window, because aluminium alloy extrusions relative to other shapes has light weight, warp attractive in appearance
The advantages of Ji, sliding window is mainly using aluminium alloy extrusions making at present.In the prior art, the performance of aluminium alloy extrusions does not reach yet
It is especially in south China in use, unsatisfactory in acid resistance to optimal, still need constantly to be improved.
Therefore, how by optimizing Production technology of aluminum alloy sectional bar, a kind of excellent aluminium alloy extrusions is obtained, preferably completely
The requirement of sufficient sliding window is current urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions, realize
The optimization of Production technology of aluminum alloy sectional bar, its excellent performance.
The invention discloses a kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions, its composition component includes by weight percentage：Mg：0.75-
0.90；Si：0.5-0.6；Cu：0.10-0.14；Mn：0.20-0.25；Ti：0-0.1；Cr：0-0.1；Fe：0.1-0.3；Zn：
0.20-0.28；Surplus is Al, and is prepared according to the following steps：
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 750-780 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by is closed among Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu
Gold, Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat each
After material is completely melt, 30-60min is incubated at 750-760 DEG C, obtains alloy melt, and poured into a mould, after alloy melt solidification
Die sinking, and by ingot casting water cooling to room temperature, it is each to expect that fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride
As degasifier, and carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is 2-
2.4mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 13-17 DEG C, anodizing time 4-8h, and voltage is (100 ± 1) V, negative electrode
Material is graphite cake, electric current 17-23mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Preferably, in its constituent, Mg and Si mass ratio are (1.2-1.5):1.
Preferably, in step sl, add Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn,
When Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner, carry out degasification and remove slag operation.
In the present invention, the anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions of proposition is improved by optimizing components, production technology, improves aluminium alloy
The combination property of section bar, compared with prior art, specific advantage are as follows：
1st, alloying component is optimized, improves the content of Mg elements and Si elements in alloy, and suitably improve
The content of Mn elements, Cu elements and Zn elements；Due to Mg2Si phases are the main hardening constituents in Al-Mg-Si system alloy, and it is counted
Amount, the influence of size and form to alloy property are very big, by improving the content of Mg elements and Si elements in alloy, can improve
Mg in alloy2The content of Si phases, so as to be laid the foundation for the lifting of final alloy strength, appropriate Zn addition is favorably improved
The final strength of alloy, meanwhile, a small amount of Cu addition, CuAl can be generated2Phase and Cu3Al2Phase, both mutually have timeliness strong
Change effect, contribute to the raising of final alloy strength；The addition of appropriate Mn elements, make ingot casting after follow-up Homogenization Treatments,
Acicular beta-Al9FeSi phase in version is granular α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2Disperse phase, it is relatively alloy properties so as to eliminate thick acicular crystal
Can adverse effect, reduce Impurity Fe to the adverse effect of material property, improve the moulding of alloy, meanwhile, granular α-Al15
(FeMn)3Si2Disperse phase particle can also prevent recrystallization of the alloy in subsequent thermal extrusion process used for forming, and promote timeliness mistake
Mg in journey2The precipitation of Si phases, recrystal grain being refined, Mn can also expand the hardening heat upper limit, increase the solid solubility of alloying element,
So as to improve alloy combination property；
2nd, production technology is improved, passes through the optimization to smelting technology so that each alloying element is realized good
Fusion, by the optimization to treatment technique, improves alloy surface pattern and state, improves the stabilization of top layer film layer
Property, improve the corrosion resistance of alloy.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to instantiation, it should be appreciated that embodiment is served only for the explanation present invention,
Rather than for limiting the invention, any modification made on the basis of the present invention, equivalent substitution etc. are in the present invention
Protection domain in.
Anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions disclosed in this invention, composition proportion (percentage by weight) inspection of ingot casting in each embodiment
It is as shown in table 1 to survey result：
| Mg | Si | Cu | Mn | Cr | Ti | Zn | Fe | Al | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.2 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.2 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.80 | 0.52 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.2 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.82 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.21 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 5 | 0.85 | 0.58 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.18 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 6 | 0.83 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.22 | Surplus |
Each embodiment preparation method is as follows：
Embodiment 1
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 780 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 30min are incubated at 760 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is
2.2mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 15 DEG C, anodizing time 6h, voltage 100V, and cathode material is graphite
Plate, electric current 20mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Embodiment 2
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 750 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 60min are incubated at 750 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiners when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is 2mol/
L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 14 DEG C, anodizing time 7h, voltage 100.5V, and cathode material is graphite cake, electricity
Flow for 23mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Embodiment 3
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 760 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 50min are incubated at 760 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is
2.4mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 13 DEG C, anodizing time 6h, voltage 99.5V, and cathode material is graphite
Plate, electric current 19mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Embodiment 4
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 770 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 40min are incubated at 760 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is
2.1mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 17 DEG C, anodizing time 4h, voltage 100.3V, and cathode material is stone
Black plate, electric current 22mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Embodiment 5
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 760 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 50min are incubated at 750 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is
2.3mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 15 DEG C, anodizing time 8h, voltage 99V, and cathode material is graphite
Plate, electric current 21mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
Embodiment 6
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al- are weighed according to constituent
50%Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added
In smelting furnace and it is heated to 770 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 45min are incubated at 755 DEG C, obtain alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification, and by ingot casting
Water cooling to room temperature, respectively material fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as degasifier, and
Carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation, wherein, in addition Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn
Between alloy, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner when, carry out degasification remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, extruding before to recipient, squeeze
Pressing mold and ingot casting are heated, and treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out heat
Processing；
S3：Treatment：By the section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of flushing → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is
2.3mol/L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 15 DEG C, anodizing time 5h, voltage 101V, and cathode material is graphite
Plate, electric current 17mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
In embodiment 1-6, ferro element is non-addition element, and it is mainly derived from mould use in fusion process and can not kept away
The introducing exempted from；By step S1, in fusion process the control of technique cause each element good knitting, Al-5%Ti-1%B crystal grain
The addition of fining agent can play a part of crystal grain thinning, and multiple degasification slagging-off can improve the control of impurity in fusion process；
By the optimization to treatment technique, from the malonic acid in Dicarboxylic Acids as anodic oxidation solution, due to anode
Growth of the viscosity of solution to oxide-film is aoxidized to have adverse effect, and growth of the sour solubility to oxide-film in anodic oxidation solution
With good effect, consider from 2.2mol/L malonic acid as anodic oxidation solution, by dense from weak acid, enhancing acid
Degree extends extension oxidization time simultaneously, is advantageous to improve the configuration of oxide-film so that the configuration of oxide-film is more regular, so as to carry
The performance of oxide-film is risen, and significantly improves the acid resistance of section bar.
In embodiment 1-6, the tensile strength of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions, sand trail abrasion system described in five groups of retest
The parameter value row of number, drop alkali test and elongation percentage, averaging of income data and aluminium alloy extrusions 6063-T6 anodic oxidation section bars
In table 2.
The embodiment 1-6 of table 2 and typical 6063-T6 anodic oxidations section bar mechanical performance parameter
Worn away by embodiment 1-6 in above-mentioned table 1 and typical 6063-T6 anodic oxidations section bar tensile strength, sand trail
The test data of coefficient, drop alkali test and elongation percentage understand, no matter single performance or combination property, heretofore described is resistance to
Acid type aluminium alloy extrusions is superior to typical 6063-T6 anodic oxidations section bar, has excellent mechanical performance, wearability and anti-corrosion
Property.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions, it is characterised in that its composition component includes by weight percentage：Mg：0.82-
0.90；Si：0.5-0.52；Cu：0.10-0.12；Mn：0.23-0.25；Ti：0-0.1；Cr：0-0.08；Fe：0.1-0.22；Zn：
0.22-0.28；Surplus is Al, and is prepared according to the following steps：
S1：Melting and casting：Aluminium ingot, magnesium ingot, zinc ingot metal, chromium ingot, Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50% are weighed according to constituent
Cu intermediate alloys and Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, using Al-5%Ti-1%B as grain refiner, aluminium ingot is added into melting
In stove and it is heated to 750-780 DEG C and is allowed to after being completely melt, by Al-10%Si intermediate alloys, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-
10%Mn intermediate alloys, the order of Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner sequentially add each material, treat that each material is complete
After fusing, 30-60min is incubated at 750-760 DEG C, obtains alloy melt, and poured into a mould, molded after alloy melt solidification,
And by ingot casting water cooling to room temperature, it is each to expect that fusion process is carried out in sealing space, in fusion process, using carbon trichloride as removing
Gas agent, and carry out multiple degasification and remove slag operation；
S2：After the ingot casting obtained in S1 is homogenized, extruded on a hydraulic press, to recipient, extrusion die before extruding
Heated with ingot casting, treat that section bar is cooled to less than 50 DEG C after the completion of extruding, after carrying out tension straingtening to section bar, carry out hot place
Reason；
S3：Treatment：The section bar for the heat treatment completed in S2 is rinsed according to degreasing → alkali cleaning → water flushing → light extraction → water
The processing route of → anodic oxidation → sealing of hole → drying carries out treatment, wherein, anodic oxidation solution composition is 2-2.4mol/
L malonic acid, anodizing temperature are 13-17 DEG C, anodizing time 4-8h, and voltage is (100 ± 1) V, and cathode material is stone
Black plate, electric current 17-23mA/cm2, sealing of hole uses dilute chromic acid sealing of hole.
2. anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in its constituent, Mg and Si matter
It is (1.2-1.5) to measure ratio:1.
3. anti-acid aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step sl, add Al-10%Si
Intermediate alloy, Al-50%Cu intermediate alloys, Al-10%Mn intermediate alloys, Cr, Zn, Mg, Al-5%Ti-1%B grain refiner
When, carry out degasification and remove slag operation.
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| CN108546857A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-18 | 铜陵康达铝合金制品有限责任公司 | A kind of anti-aging aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109576542A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽鑫发铝业有限公司 | A kind of wear-resisting outer casing of power supply aluminum profile |
| CN111560546B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy with high crushing performance and preparation method of section bar of aluminum alloy |
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