The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are:There is provided a kind of sediment of coastal engineerings physical experiments bottom dynamically comprehensive
Observation procedure is closed, is solved not realizing in the prior art in process of the test to the observation of the dynamic of bottom, new test measurement
The defect of method cost height and complex operation, is adapted to use in flume test, realizes dynamic to whole physical experiments bottom
The synchronous real-time monitored that state is developed, and easy to operate, cost is relatively low.
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided is that a kind of sediment of coastal engineerings physical experiments bottom that the present invention is provided is moved
State INTEGRATED SIGHT method, it is characterised in that including the INTEGRATED SIGHT method laid observation system and carried out using observation system;Institute
Observation system is stated to be included in the total powerstation set outside silt physical experiments tank, high-speed camera, be arranged on silt physics
Miniature soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor in model test tank in bottom, it is comprehensive that the observation system is carried out
Closing observation procedure includes CCTV(Closed Circuit Television)High speed video process, dual sensor synchronously visit a point method, complete
Stand instrument profile survey method, wherein, the CCTV high speed video process is using high-speed camera from silt physical experiments tank
Glass side wall shoots bottom dynamic evolution and wave changing course, and by setting up the relation between graphical rule and physical size
Image correction parameters are obtained, so as to obtain physical size spatially, it is by miniature soil pressure that the dual sensor, which synchronously visits point method,
Force snesor and pore water pressure sensor are fixed together and are embedded in certain depth under the bottom(Guarantee is not etched), lead to
Cross pore water pressure sensor and isolate the dynamic pressure produced by wave so as to obtain the actual change of bottom elevation, the total powerstation
Profile survey method is carried out scatterplot scanning to section with total powerstation and then obtained finally making after ripple completes slowly to discharge water
Shape, total powerstation the data obtained is used to be corrected the final landform that high speed video process and dual sensor synchronously visit point method.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to improve knowing for water body and bottom interface, air and water body interface
Do not spend, uniform strong light should be arranged above silt physical experiments tank(Such as searchlight)Or laser apparatus, to reduce
Interference of the suspended load to bottom elevation in the identification process of interface.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to improve measurement accuracy, the high-speed camera should be big according to pixel
Small and required precision covers correspondingly sized target zone, and it is 2-4 m that the high-speed camera, which shoots effective coverage, then its precision
(Physical length/pixel number)For 0.1-0.3 cm,(Such as:Horizontal pixel point 1920, shooting effective coverage is 3 m, then its precision
About 300/1920=0.156 cm).
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to obtain the topographic(al) data of time-histories, generally takes the picture of per half a minute
Information, but in order that result is more accurate, the minimum value of elevation in previous and latter wave period of each moment can be taken
As the actual elevation of bottom, to reduce the error that suspended load under wave action is likely to result in.In addition provided to obtain wave height
Material, according to wave period, general setting high-speed video camera shooting speed is 8-12 frames/second, and otherwise frequency is too high to cause the later stage
Data volume is too very much not disposable, and frequency is too low to cause the increase of wave height measurement error.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, the information of all pixels point in overlay area can be captured by video,
So as to can not only calculate the elevation change of bottom and water body Free Surface, the time-histories evolution process of landform and wave height is obtained, also
Bed load, suspended load, information content very abundant can be distinguished according to image aberration, and instrument layout is relative to wave-height gauge
For spatially without limitation.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to record the overall process that water front is corroded and sand bar is moved, visits an edge
Bottom entirety gradient direction arrangement, wave breaking point is nearby and the wave band that swashes need to arrange more intensive, and arrangement interval takes
0.4-0.6m, and between break-up point, visiting, point arrangement is more sparse playing slope point, arrangement interval takes 1.4-1.6m.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to ensure while record the entire profile change procedure, to reduce husky
The lower dynamic pressure influence of layer, miniature soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor depth of placement need to be below the bed surface of the bottom
Between 1-3 times of wave height depth, because the maximum place of climbing is often the most serious region that weathers, Probe arrangement depth should not be excessively shallow,
The 2-3 times of wave height depth bounds about below bed surface.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to ensure miniature soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor
2 probe sampling points it is identical, and prevent in process of the test the sliding of position or sink, the same miniature soil visited on point
Two probes of pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor need to be fixed on one block of lucite or smooth ceramic tile, and are ensured
The block density fixed is water density more than 2 times.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to explain in detail action rule of the wave motion to sediment movement,
Miniature soil pressure sensor used sample frequency identical with pore water pressure sensor setting, to ensure the waveform energy of survey region
Complete description.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits a point method, be in reprocessing analysis, set up miniature soil pressure sensor with
Electric signal relation between pore water pressure sensor, accurately measures miniature soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor
Calibration coefficient.
Total powerstation profile survey method as described above, using measurement accuracy for ± 1mm guest obtain R-202NE total powerstations to regarding
Frequency is shot near placement side glass side wall(Also near pressure sensor settlement)The longitudinal landform of bottom carry out elevation survey
Amount, measurement step-length is determined according to the Variation Features and requirement of experiment of actual landform.Generally relatively regular simple section is tested,
Wave effect less than bottom upper zone, measurement interval is larger(Example takes 14-16cm);Wave can influence but change
Gently, the simple section of form, measurement interval suitably reduces(9-11cm is taken in example);The more complicated region of topography variation, is surveyed
Amount interval is smaller(5 ~ 8cm is taken in example).Each section of measurement interval all considers features of terrain and specific change, it is ensured that topographic profile
Feature is reflected.
Total powerstation profile survey method as described above, in terms of details is measured, due to total powerstation using laser reflection come really
Set the goal position, and the track of light is straight line, light be blocked or abnormal reflection can cause the landform such as depression can not direct measurement,
R. concomitans levelling rod obtains these data;In addition, can cause to shine when the light of Laser emission and smaller target point angle to be measured
The hot spot penetrated in target point is larger, causes measurement error or measurement difficult, therefore the erection selection of total powerstation high position as far as possible, entirely
Instrument stand in measurement, laser beam is with horizontal direction minimum angle more than 3 °.
The present invention has the following advantages that and good effect compared with prior art:The sediment of coastal engineerings thing that the present invention is provided
Model test bottom dynamic comprehensive observation procedure is managed, solution can not realize the dynamic in process of the test to bottom in the prior art
The defect of observation, new test measurement method cost height and complex operation.The present invention is adapted to use in flume test, realizes
To the synchronous real-time monitored of whole physical experiments bottom dynamic evolution.With simple to operate, precision it is high, rational in infrastructure, make
The advantages of valency is relatively low.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The all other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of sediment of coastal engineerings physical experiments bottom dynamic comprehensive observation procedure of the invention
Embodiment, including lay observation system and the INTEGRATED SIGHT method carried out using observation system;Silt physical experiments tank 1
Include the bottom 2 of cement base 5, glass side wall 4 and inside, the bottom 2 is formed by sand accumulation, forms certain slope, examination
When testing, the horizontal horizontal line added in silt physical experiments tank 1 in a certain amount of water, Fig. 1 below SWL is net
Water level.The observation system is included in the outer total powerstation set of silt physical experiments tank 1 and high-speed camera 6, set
Miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 machines water pressure sensor 3-1 in the bottom 2 of silt physical experiments tank 1, observation system
The INTEGRATED SIGHT method of progress includes CCTV(Closed Circuit Television)High speed video process, dual sensor are synchronous
Visit point method, total powerstation profile survey method.Wherein, the CCTV high speed video process is tried using the silt physical model of high-speed camera 6
Test the glass side wall 4 of tank 1 and shoot the dynamic evolution of bottom 2 and wave changing course, and by setting up graphical rule and physical size
Between relation obtain image correction parameters, so as to obtain physical size spatially.The dual sensor synchronously visits point method
Miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 and pore water pressure sensor 3-1 are fixed together and the next depthkeeping of the bottom 2 is embedded in
Degree, isolates the dynamic pressure produced by wave to obtain the actual change of bottom elevation by pore water pressure sensor 3-1.Institute
State total powerstation profile survey method be make ripple complete water is slowly discharged after section is carried out with total powerstation scatterplot scanning so that must
To final landform, total powerstation the data obtained is used to carry out school to the final landform that high speed video process and dual sensor synchronously visit point method
Just.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to improve knowing for water body and the interface of bottom 2, air and water body interface
Do not spend, the searchlight or laser apparatus of uniform strong light should be arranged in the top of silt physical experiments tank 1, to reduce
Interference of the suspended load to the elevation of bottom 2 in the identification process of interface.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to improve measurement accuracy, the high-speed camera 6 should be big according to pixel
Small and required precision covers correspondingly sized target zone, and it is 2-4 m that the high-speed camera 6, which shoots effective coverage, then its essence
Degree(Physical length/pixel number)For 0.1-0.3 cm,(Such as:Horizontal pixel point 1920, shooting effective coverage is 3 m, then its essence
Degree is about 300/1920=0.156 cm).
CCTV high speed video process as described above, in order to obtain the topographic(al) data of time-histories, generally takes the picture of per half a minute
Information, but in order that result is more accurate, the minimum value of elevation in previous and latter wave period of each moment can be taken
As the actual elevation of bottom 2, to reduce the error that suspended load under wave action is likely to result in.In addition provided to obtain wave height
Material, according to wave period, general setting high-speed video camera shooting speed is 8-12 frames/second, and otherwise, frequency is too high to be caused the later stage
Data volume is too very much not disposable, and frequency is too low to cause the increase of wave height measurement error.
CCTV high speed video process as described above, the information of all pixels point in overlay area can be captured by video,
So as to can not only calculate the elevation change of bottom 2 and water body Free Surface, the time-histories evolution process of landform and wave height is obtained, also
Bed load, suspended load, information content very abundant can be distinguished according to image aberration, and instrument layout is relative to wave-height gauge
For spatially without limitation.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to record the overall process that water front is corroded and sand bar is moved, visits an edge
The overall gradient direction arrangement of bottom 2, wave breaking point is nearby and the wave band that swashes need to arrange more intensive, and arrangement interval takes
0.4-0.6m, and between break-up point, visiting, point arrangement is more sparse playing slope point, arrangement interval takes 1.4-1.6m.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to ensure while record the entire profile change procedure, miniature soil
Pressure sensor 3-2 and pore water pressure sensor 3-1 depth of placement need to below the bed surface of the bottom 2 1-3 times of wave height depth
Between degree, because the maximum place of climbing is often the most serious region that weathers, Probe arrangement depth should not be excessively shallow, about in bottom 2
2-3 times of wave height depth bounds below bed surface.
Upper described dual sensor synchronously visits point method, to ensure that miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 is sensed with pore water pressure
Device 3-1 2 probe sampling points are identical, and prevent the sliding of position or sagging in process of the test, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, same
One piece of organic glass need to be fixed on by visiting the miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 on point and pore water pressure sensor 3-1 two probes
On glass 3-3 or smooth ceramic tiles(What miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2, pore water pressure sensor 3-1 and lucite 3-3 were constituted
Integrative-structure is referred to as dual sensor 3), it is ensured that the density for the lucite 3-3 or smooth ceramic tiles fixed be water density 2 again with
On.In use, only needing to a miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 and a hole on one block of lucite 3-3 or smooth ceramic tile
Water pressure sensor 3-1, still, because pore water pressure sensor 3-1 is easily damaged, may make to reduce replacing instrument
Into trouble, in one piece of lucite 3-3 in the present embodiment(Or smooth ceramic tile)On secure a miniature soil pressure sensor
3-2 and two pore water pressure sensor 3-1, wherein, it is standby to have a pore water pressure sensor 3-1.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, to explain in detail action rule of the wave motion to sediment movement,
Miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 used sample frequency identical with pore water pressure sensor 3-1 settings, to ensure survey region
Waveform can be described completely.
Dual sensor as described above synchronously visits point method, is in reprocessing analysis, to set up miniature soil pressure sensor 3-1
Electric signal relation between pore water pressure sensor 3-1, accurately measures miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 and pore water pressure
Sensor 3-1 calibration coefficient.
Total powerstation profile survey method as described above, using measurement accuracy for ± 1mm guest obtain R-202NE total powerstations to regarding
Frequency is shot near placement side glass side wall 4(Also near the settlement of dual sensor 3)Topographic profile carry out the measurement of higher degree, survey
Step-length is measured to be determined according to the Variation Features and requirement of experiment of actual landform.Generally relatively regular simple section is tested, in wave
The upper zone not affected, measurement interval is larger(Example takes 14-16cm);Wave can influence but change gentle, shape
The simple section of state, measurement interval suitably reduces(9-11cm is taken in example);The more complicated region of topography variation, measurement interval compared with
It is small(5 ~ 8cm is taken in example).Each section of measurement interval all considers features of terrain and specific change, it is ensured that obtain the characteristics of topographic profile
Reflection.
Total powerstation profile survey method as described above, in terms of details is measured, due to total powerstation using laser reflection come really
Set the goal position, and the track of light is straight line, light be blocked or abnormal reflection can cause the landform such as depression can not direct measurement,
R. concomitans levelling rod obtains these data;In addition, can cause to shine when the light of Laser emission and smaller target point angle to be measured
The hot spot penetrated in target point is larger, causes measurement error or measurement difficult, therefore the erection selection of total powerstation high position as far as possible, entirely
Instrument stand in measurement, laser beam is with horizontal direction minimum angle more than 3 °.
As shown in figure 1, being the schematic diagram of present invention arrangement dual sensor 3 in silt physical experiments tank 1, because of mud
Husky physical experiments tank 1 is very long, and Fig. 1 is only the partial schematic diagram containing the part of bottom 2;
As shown in Fig. 2 setting bowing for high-speed camera 6 for the side of silt physical experiments tank 1 in present example
View, because silt physical experiments tank 1 is very long, Fig. 2 is only the partial schematic diagram containing the part of bottom 2;In the present embodiment
Video monitoring system used is that South Korea HD IP Box Camera are equipped with FUJIFILM 8-80 mm F1.6 camera lenses, and setting is shot
Frame number is 10fps, and gained is 1680 × 1920 per frame picture pixels.High-speed camera 6 is disposed side by side on the examination of silt physical model
Test the same side of tank 1, two pieces of glass side walls 4 of the every camera lens of high-speed camera 6 covering silt physical experiments tank 1
(Horizontal length:1.5 m × 2), the rear portion of high-speed camera 6 is equipped with gobo to reduce the glass-reflected caused by external light
Interference, intense light source is installed on the top of silt physical experiments tank 1(About 100W-150W)Or feux rouges(Wavelength 650nm or so)
Laser is to strengthen interface identification degree.High-speed camera 6 is highly answered sufficiently low with guarantee shooting silt physical experiments water
The phenomenon of glass side wall 4 of groove 1, it is to avoid occur object in silt physical experiments tank 1 in video and disturb.In addition, taking the photograph at a high speed
Camera 6 should try one's best level and positioned at photographic subjects horizontal centre vertical line on, to reduce the error caused by scalloping, improve
Precision.
Fig. 3 show the image rectification principle of CCTV high speed video process.As shown in figure 3, in glass edge before on-test
Adhesive correction grid 7 on wall 4(The cm of grid level spacing 20, the cm of vertical interval 10), the closeer precision of calibration grid 7 is higher, school
The crosspoint of positive grid 7 is check point 8, by analyzing pixel position and the relation of actual size of the correction picture, is passed through
Fitting can set up the relation that image coordinate fastens all pixels point and actual size.
Fig. 4 show synchronous visit of dual sensor and puts a method basic layout, miniature soil pressure sensor 3-2 range 50Kpa, directly
Footpath 16mm, thickness 4.8mm, Full-span output about 300, quasi- trueness error≤0.3F.S, overload capacity 120%, bridge resistance,
For 350, can be worked in saturation aqueous medium, using U.S.'s UEI data collecting systems, sample frequency is controllable;Pore water pressure
Sensor 3-1 range 10Kpa, diameter 20mm, error one thousandth, sample frequency is controllable.
Above content is taken from ocean engineering key lab of Shandong Province bottom and develops physical experiments example.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that:It still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic;
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.