CN104764394B - Axis hole parameter measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A shaft hole parameter measuring device, a horizontal platform is surrounded by a plurality of uprights, a base plate is movably installed on the uprights, and can slide along the uprights; a number of digital boards corresponding to the positions of the shaft holes on the workpiece are arranged on the base plate, and a Corresponding to at least two shaft holes on the workpiece, there is a vertical shaft device for positioning the axes of the shaft holes, and at least one positioning mechanism in the vertical shaft device is in contact with the digital board. The invention provides a shaft hole parameter measuring device, which can realize accurate and rapid measurement of shaft hole parameters such as wheelbase, perpendicularity and parallelism by using a vertical shaft device and a base plate with a digital board that can be lifted up and down. And the operation is convenient, the measurement speed is fast, it is suitable for on-line measurement on the assembly line, and the cost is low.

Description

Shaft hole parameter measuring device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of measuring devices, in particular to a shaft hole parameter measuring device.

Background technique

There are many shaft holes that require high precision on the hydraulic mechanical arm equipment, such as the shaft holes of the upper arm and the small arm in the hydraulic mechanical arm. to the state of use of the equipment after final assembly. When the parallelism and perpendicularity errors of the shaft holes are large, the equipment will not run smoothly, and the shaft or sleeve will be easily worn, thereby shortening the service life of the equipment. Existing parts rarely adopt the method of self-manufacturing, and mostly adopt the method of outsourcing processing, and it is difficult to measure the size and shape accuracy of such parts. If the size and shape of the parts cannot be If the accuracy is controlled, it is difficult to assemble and produce equipment that meets the quality requirements. Especially for a large number of parts, the measurement of the axis distance of the shaft hole, the verticality and the parallelism of the shaft hole is difficult and takes a lot of time.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shaft hole parameter measuring device, which can quickly measure the wheelbase of the shaft hole, and in the preferred solution, can also measure the parallelism and perpendicularity precision error parameters between the shaft holes, and quickly eliminate the inaccurate Qualified workpiece.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a shaft hole parameter measuring device, a plurality of first columns are arranged around the horizontal platform, the base plate is movably installed on the first columns, and can slide along the first columns ;

The base plate is provided with a plurality of digital boards corresponding to the positions of the shaft holes on the workpiece, and a vertical shaft device corresponding to at least two shaft holes on the workpiece and used for positioning the axes of the shaft holes. Among the vertical shaft devices, at least There is a positioning mechanism that makes contact with the tablet.

In the vertical shaft device, there are multiple positioning mechanisms in contact with the tablet, and the multiple positioning mechanisms are arranged along the circumference, and the center of the circle where the multiple positioning mechanisms are located coincides with the axis of the shaft hole where the vertical shaft device is located.

The positioning mechanism is a pressure sensor.

The positioning mechanism is a displacement sensor, and a reference block is provided at the center of the circle where the positioning mechanisms are located, and the top of the reference block is lower than the top of the displacement sensor.

The base plate is connected with one end of the wire rope, the other end of the wire rope is connected with the counterweight, and the wire rope bypasses the pulley at the top of the first column.

The base plate is provided with a lifting drive device.

The lifting drive device is an air cylinder;

Or in the lifting drive device, the servo motor is connected to the active rod through the transmission mechanism, the active rod is connected to the driven rods at both ends through the transmission mechanism, and the two ends of the driven rod are connected to the teeth fixed on the first column through the transmission mechanism. strip mesh connection.

In the above-mentioned vertical shaft device, the base is connected with the second column, the second column is sleeved with a shaft sleeve matching the shaft hole, and the top end of the second column is a positioning mechanism.

In the vertical shaft device, the base is connected to the second column, and the second column is sleeved with a shaft sleeve that fits the shaft hole. The top of the second column is provided with a tray, and the tray is provided with a plurality of displacements evenly distributed along the circumference. For the sensor, a reference block is provided on the pallet at the position of the axis of the second column, and the top of the reference block is lower than the top of the displacement sensor.

The horizontal platform is provided with liftable guide rollers and limit blocks.

The invention provides a shaft hole parameter measuring device, which can realize accurate and rapid measurement of shaft hole parameters such as wheelbase, verticality and parallelism by using a vertical shaft device and a base plate with a digital board that can be lifted up and down. And the operation is convenient, the measurement speed is fast, it is suitable for on-line measurement on the assembly line, and the cost is low.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the horizontal platform of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the substrate and the vertical shaft device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the base plate and the vertical shaft device of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic top view of the workpiece.

Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of the substrate and the digital board in the present invention for measurement.

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the pallet in the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the neutral shaft device of the present invention.

In the figure: base plate 1, first column 101, pulley 102, wire rope 103, counterweight 104, lifting drive device 105, servo motor 1051, driving rod 1052, driven rod 1053, rack 1054, guide rail 106, digital board 2, Integrated interface 3, acquisition device 4, pressure or displacement sensor 5, bushing 6, base 7, tray 8, second column 9, reference block 10, spirit level 11, workpiece 12, shaft hole 121, horizontal platform 13, lifting guide roller 131, a limit block 132, and a conveying device 14.

detailed description

Example 1:

As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of shaft hole parameter measuring device is provided with a plurality of first columns 101 around the horizontal platform 13, and the two ends of the horizontal platform 13 are provided with conveying devices 14 for conveying workpieces, the preferred scheme is as shown in Fig. 1, 3, the horizontal platform 13 is provided with liftable guide rollers 131 and limit blocks 132 . In this example, an air cylinder is preferably used to lift and lower the guide roller 131 and the limit block 132 . When the lifting guide roller 131 is raised, the upper end surface of the lifting guide roller 131 is higher than the upper end surface of the horizontal platform 13 to facilitate the movement of the heavier workpiece 12 on the horizontal platform 13 . The lifting of the limit block 132 is used to block the moving workpiece 12 to facilitate measurement. Further preferably, the guide rollers on the lifting guide rollers 131 have a self-driven structure, and the automatic operation of the workpiece 12 is realized through the rotation of the guide rollers, so as to adapt to the online detection on the assembly line.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the substrate 1 is movably installed on the first column 101, and can slide up and down along the first column 101;

The base plate 1 is provided with a plurality of digital boards 2 corresponding to the positions of the shaft holes on the workpiece 12, and a vertical shaft device corresponding to at least two shaft holes on the workpiece and used for positioning the axis of the shaft holes 121 is provided. At least one positioning mechanism in the vertical shaft device is in contact with the digital board 2 .

A further preferred solution is shown in Figures 1 and 2, the base plate 1 is connected to one end of the steel wire rope 103 at the four corners, the other end of the steel wire rope 103 is connected to the counterweight 104, and the steel wire rope 103 is bypassed at the top of the first column 101 The pulley 102. The self-weight of the substrate 1 is reduced by setting the counterweight, so as to reduce the influence of inertia on the measurement accuracy, and also avoid damage to the high-precision digital board 2 during the measurement process. The digital board in this example is the prior art, after being in contact with the positioning mechanism, electromagnetic resonance can be used to sense the position of the positioning mechanism, and the highest resolution of the existing digital board can reach 0.005 mm/point, fully satisfying the measurement in the present invention Accuracy requirements. Preferably, a plurality of digital boards 2 are flexibly connected to the base plate 1 . Electrostatic adsorption, vacuum adsorption, magnet adsorption or screw connection can be used. The substrate 1 in this example is preferably made of lightweight materials, such as aluminum-magnesium alloy or titanium alloy.

The base plate 1 is provided with a lifting drive device 105 . The lifting drive device is an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder;

Alternatively, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in the lifting drive device 105, the servo motor 1051 is connected to the active lever 1052 through the transmission mechanism, and the active lever 1052 is connected to the driven lever 1053 at both ends through the transmission mechanism. Both ends of the moving rod 1053 are meshed with the rack 1054 fixed on the first column 101 through a transmission mechanism. Specifically in this example, the servo motor 1051 is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate 1, the servo motor 1051 is connected to the active rod 1052 through a gear reduction mechanism, and the two ends of the active rod 1052 are connected to the driven rod 1053 through a bevel gear set or a helical gear set , the two ends of the driven rod 1053 are provided with spur gears, and the spur gears are meshed with the rack 1054 fixed on the first column 101 . With this structure, the synchronous lifting and lowering of the substrate 1 is realized. Due to the structure of the pulley 102 and the counterweight 104, the dead weight of the substrate is small, and it is convenient to use a servo motor 1051 with a small torque for driving, so as to avoid damage to the tablet 2 . The lower limit of the substrate 1 can be determined by the contact signal between the tablet 2 and the positioning mechanism, and the signal of the angular displacement sensor provided by the servo motor as the lower limit. The upper limit of the substrate 1 can be controlled by a travel switch.

A plurality of digital boards 2 are electrically connected to the integrated interface 3 through signal lines, and the integrated interface 3 is electrically connected to the acquisition device 4, and the acquisition device 4 transmits the collected measurement signals to the computer for analysis. The position of the top of the vertical shaft device located in the shaft hole on the digital board is collected by the acquisition device, and converted into reference coordinates respectively, and the wheelbase between the shaft holes is calculated by the computer.

The preferred solution is shown in Figure 4. In the vertical shaft device described above, the base 7 is connected to the second column 9, and the second column 9 is sleeved with a shaft sleeve 6 matching the shaft hole. The top end of the second column 9 is a positioning mechanism. .

In a further preferred solution, the positioning mechanism is a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor. It is better to use a displacement sensor, because during the measurement process, there may be errors in the vertical shaft device. When the positioning mechanism at the upper end of the vertical shaft device is not on the horizontal plane, since the displacement sensor is a retractable structure, it can well compensate for the vertical shaft device. error.

Preferably, a level 11 , such as a level bubble or a level sensor, is provided on the substrate 1 to ensure that the substrate 1 is kept parallel to the horizontal platform 13 , and accordingly, the tablet 2 is also kept parallel to the horizontal platform 13 .

Referring to Figures 1~4, 6, when using the above-mentioned shaft hole parameter measuring device for measurement, the following steps are included:

1. Connect a plurality of digital boards 2 on the substrate 1 to the acquisition device 4 through the integrated interface 3, and the acquisition device 4 is connected to the computer, and use one digital board as a reference to obtain the coordinate positions of other digital boards relative to the reference digital board; The positioning between the boards can clamp the base plate 1 on the numerical control machine tool, and adopt the numerical control machine tool to assist the positioning.

2. The workpiece 12 is transported to the horizontal platform 13 through the conveying device 14, the lifting guide roller 131 descends, the reference plane of the workpiece 12 is placed on the horizontal platform 13, and the vertical shaft device is loaded into the shaft hole 121 of the workpiece 12, so that the vertical shaft device The axis of the second column 9 coincides with the axis of the shaft hole 121;

3. The substrate 1 descends under the drive of the lifting drive device 105, the digit board 2 of the substrate 1 contacts the positioning mechanism, and the position of the top of the positioning mechanism on the digit board is collected by the acquisition device, respectively converted into reference coordinates, and calculated by the computer Axle distance between axle holes.

In a further preferred solution, the vertical shaft devices in the shaft holes are rotated separately. If there is a verticality error, the wheelbase will change, and the verticality error can be obtained through calculation. When it exceeds the set value, the workpiece is unqualified. At the same time, rotate the vertical shaft device in the shaft hole in the same direction. If there is a parallelism error, the wheelbase will change. The parallelism error value can be obtained through calculation. When the value exceeds the set value, the workpiece is unqualified.

Example 2:

On the basis of Embodiment 1, different from Embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 5, 7-9, the tops of multiple positioning mechanisms in the vertical shaft device are in contact with the digital tablet 2, and multiple positioning mechanisms are arranged along the circumference , the center of the circle where the multiple positioning mechanisms are located coincides with the axis of the shaft hole where the vertical shaft device is located. In this example, the digital board 2 needs to support multi-point contact measurement. Since the requirements for the measurement speed in the present invention are not high, it is easy to realize multi-point measurement, which can be realized by scanning row by row and column by column. In this example, 8 to 36 positioning mechanisms are preferably used.

In a further preferred solution, the positioning mechanism is a pressure sensor.

The measurement steps are the same as those in Embodiment 1. When the tablet 2 is in contact with the top of the pressure sensor, the reference coordinates of the axes of each shaft hole 121 can be obtained through fitting calculations, thereby obtaining the wheelbase between the shaft holes. When the verticality of the shaft hole 121 meets the requirements, when the base plate 1 is in a horizontal state, the pressure sensor values on each tray 8 should be equal in theory. If the pressure values on the pressure sensors are not equal, it means that the shaft hole 121 is vertical. There is an error in the degree, if the error exceeds the set value, the workpiece 12 is unqualified. By rotating the vertical shaft device at different speeds, the maximum parallelism error can be obtained through calculation. If the error exceeds the set value, the workpiece 12 is unqualified. Through the structure and method of this example, unqualified workpieces can be quickly sorted out, which improves the sorting efficiency.

In another preferred solution, the positioning mechanism is a displacement sensor, and a reference block 10 is provided at the center of the circle where the positioning mechanisms are located, and the top of the reference block 10 is lower than the top of the displacement sensor. Displacement sensors are preferably used in this example. Through the retractable structure of the displacement sensor, the error of the vertical axis device is compensated.

The specific structure is: in the vertical shaft device, the base 7 is connected to the second column 9, the second column 9 is sleeved with a shaft sleeve 6 matching the shaft hole, the top of the second column 9 is provided with a tray 8, and the tray 8 is provided with a plurality of displacement sensors uniformly distributed along the circumference, and a reference block 10 is provided on the tray 8 at the axis of the second column 9, and the top of the reference block 10 is lower than the top of the displacement sensor. Typically the position of the displacement sensor is close to the edge of the tray 8 . Adopting the design of replaceable shaft sleeve, the vertical shaft device of the present invention can be adapted to shaft holes 121 of different diameters by replacing the shaft sleeve 6, so as to expand the applicability of the device of the present invention. When in use, the displacement sensor needs to be reset to zero, that is, when the top of the displacement sensor is flush with the top of the reference block 10, the displacement value at this time is set to zero. The displacement sensor can be an eddy current sensor or a grating scale displacement sensor, the former is convenient for measurement, and the latter has higher measurement accuracy. When a displacement sensor is used, the measured displacement value can be a negative value, and the error between the positive values measured by the displacement sensor at the other end corresponding to the pallet 8 is a linear error, and the inclination angle error can be obtained after conversion. For products measured in batches, whether the workpiece 12 meets the quality requirements can be judged directly based on the linear error without converting it into an inclination error.

A method for measuring using the above-mentioned shaft hole parameter measuring device, comprising the following steps:

1. Connect a plurality of digital boards 2 on the substrate 1 to the acquisition device 4 through the integrated interface 3, and the acquisition device 4 is connected to the computer, and use one digital board as a reference to obtain the coordinate positions of other digital boards relative to the reference digital board; The positioning between the boards can clamp the base plate 1 on the numerical control machine tool, and adopt the numerical control machine tool to assist the positioning.

2. The workpiece 12 is transported to the horizontal platform 13 through the conveying device 14, the lifting guide roller 131 descends, the reference plane of the workpiece 12 is placed on the horizontal platform 13, and the vertical shaft device is loaded into the shaft hole 121 of the workpiece 12, so that the vertical shaft device The axis of the second column 9 coincides with the axis of the shaft hole 121;

3. The base plate 1 is driven down by the lifting drive device 105, and the digit board 2 of the base board 1 is in contact with the positioning mechanism, that is, the top end of the displacement sensor in this example. During the contact process, the measuring rod of the displacement sensor is pressed down, and the digit board 2 Drops directly on top of the datum block for precise wheelbase parameters.

When the digital board 2 fell on the top of the reference block, the measuring rod of the displacement sensor was pressed down, and when the displacement values of each displacement sensor were zero values after zeroing, the shaft hole 121 was perpendicular to the horizontal platform 13, if there was Different displacement values, usually at least one set of positive and negative displacement values relative to the position of the displacement sensor, there is a verticality error between the shaft hole 121 and the horizontal platform 13, if the error exceeds the set value, that is, the quality of the workpiece 12 is unqualified .

By rotating the vertical shaft unit at different speeds, the maximum parallelism error can be calculated. Through this example, unqualified workpieces can be quickly sorted out, and a more accurate error value can be obtained.

Through the above steps, the wheel distance between the shaft holes and the parameters of verticality and parallelism of the shaft holes 121 can be quickly and accurately measured.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solution described in the claims, including the equivalent of technical features in the technical solutions described in the claims. The alternative is the scope of protection. That is, equivalent replacement and improvement within this range are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A shaft hole parameter measuring device, characterized in that: a plurality of first columns (101) are arranged around the horizontal platform (13), and the base plate (1) is movably installed on the first columns (101), and can be moved along the first column (101). A column (101) slides; The base plate (1) is provided with a plurality of digital boards (2) corresponding to the positions of the shaft holes on the workpiece (12), and also provided with at least two shaft holes corresponding to the workpiece and used for positioning the shaft holes (121) The vertical shaft device of the axis, at least one positioning mechanism in the vertical shaft device is in contact with the digital board (2); In the vertical shaft device, the base (7) is connected to the second column (9), and the second column (9) is sleeved with a shaft sleeve (6) matching the shaft hole, and the top end of the second column (9) is positioning agency; The base plate (1) is provided with a lifting drive device (105); The lifting drive device is an air cylinder; Or in the lifting drive device (105), the servo motor (1051) is connected to the active rod (1052) through the transmission mechanism, and the active rod (1052) is connected to the driven rods (1053) at both ends through the transmission mechanism, and the driven rod Both ends of (1053) are meshed with the rack (1054) fixed on the first column (101) through a transmission mechanism. 2. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the vertical shaft device, there are multiple positioning mechanisms in contact with the digital board (2), the multiple positioning mechanisms are arranged along the circumference, and the multiple positioning mechanisms The center of the circle where the positioning mechanism is located coincides with the axis of the shaft hole where the vertical shaft device is located. 3. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said positioning mechanism is a pressure sensor. 4. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the positioning mechanism is a displacement sensor, and a reference block (10) is provided at the center of the circle where multiple positioning mechanisms are located, The top of the reference block (10) is lower than the top of the displacement sensor. 5. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base plate (1) is connected to one end of the steel wire rope (103), and the other end of the steel wire rope (103) is connected to the counterweight (104) Connect, steel wire rope (103) walks around the pulley (102) that is positioned at the first column (101) top. 6. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the vertical shaft device, a tray (8) is provided on the top of the second column (9), and a tray (8) is provided A plurality of displacement sensors uniformly distributed along the circumference, a reference block (10) is provided on the tray (8) at the position of the axis of the second column (9), and the top of the reference block (10) is lower than the top of the displacement sensor. 7. A shaft hole parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said horizontal platform (13) is provided with liftable guide rollers (131) and limit blocks (132).