CN104750912B - A kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method - Google Patents

A kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method Download PDF

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CN104750912B
CN104750912B CN201510098326.7A CN201510098326A CN104750912B CN 104750912 B CN104750912 B CN 104750912B CN 201510098326 A CN201510098326 A CN 201510098326A CN 104750912 B CN104750912 B CN 104750912B
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salt
fresh water
water
hekou district
year
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CN104750912A (en
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黄本胜
谭超
邱静
黄广灵
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Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
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Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method, comprise the following steps:According to the actual water front in Hekou District and topographic features, the unstructured grids that height is fitted water front are established, it is vertical to use Sigma mesh coordinates;River mouth three-dimensional hydrodynamic force salinity mathematical modeling is established based on the grid and carries out calibration checking, row's frequency, choose Typical Year, and then the salt-fresh water ratio that each mesh point is calculated in salinity is carried out, the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point is carried out into mathematic interpolation obtains the isogram of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio.The present invention utilizes mathematical modeling, calculated according to the setting mesh point gathered data of setting, the salt-fresh water ratio of each point can be obtained, and depict Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio chart, realize the accurate measurement to the salt-fresh water ratio of Hekou District each point, and can rapidly and accurately inquire about, reflect the salt-fresh water ratio situation in estuary region difference waters comprehensively.The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering field, especially a kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method.

Description

A kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering field, especially a kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method.
Background technology
It is Hekou District that China, which possesses multiple Hekou Districts, the tide bulge and falls such as very long coastline and the Changjiang river, the Yellow River and Zhujiang River river, Bring abundant degree of saltiness water resource.Hekou District is often economically developed, populous, and salt-fresh water utilization of resources amount is big.
Numerous type water intaking families, including the power plant to salinity no requirement (NR) of fetching water is distributed with the Hekou District bank that salt-fresh water influences In line cooling water;The big neap of (chlorosity must be less than 250mg/L) utilization is required to water intaking salinity, fluctuation tide salinity difference " is stolen It is light " water factory, industrial enterprise takes water user, and water quality is required, but use sea water desalting equipment taking using salt-fresh water Water family (such as Zhujiang Estuary part printing and dyeing mill, paper mill).Wherein river mouth power plant is to take salt-fresh water " rich and influential family ", such as the Zhujiang River Numerous power plant are distributed with river mouth bank, and the in line cooling water of power plant is essentially all the salt-fresh water for taking Zhujiang Estuary, particularly Using the power plant of direct cooling, the condenser of generating set is cooled down by using degree of saltiness water resource, it is cold with secondary cycle But unit is compared, the salt-fresh water that tidal action can be made full use of to bring, and there is water consumption (not sent out substantially in cooling procedure seldom Quantity of fresh water is lost, and almost all directly returned in river course), it is not high to water quality requirement the features such as.Although its draining can produce to river course Raw certain temperature rise influences, but because it also has energy consumption is low, consumes the characteristics of freshwater resources are few to be widely used, has energy-conservation The advantages of with fresh-water-saving resource.The water withdrawal of these circulating cooling water of power plant is huge, and one using the hundred of direct cooling mode Ten thousand multikilowatt units take the m of salt-fresh water about 600,000,000 every year3;Therefore, a large power plant year takes salt-fresh water more than ten00000000 m at least3, it is more Then two, 3,000,000,000 m3
With deepening constantly for most stringent water resources management system, unconventional water resource of the salt-fresh water as national encouragement, How water total amount Con trolling index to be included in, and how degree of saltiness aqua region carries out Water Functional Zone and its receive dirty overall control management how Carry out River contaminant drain outlet management, be directly connected to water resource " three red lines " control and its appraisal management, especially water intaking is permitted It can manage, take many water resources managements such as water indicator-specific statistics, water resources taxes collection, River contaminant drain outlet and Water Functional Zone management Problem.A key problem in the utilization of Hekou District salt-fresh water data is exactly to measure the ratio problems of salt-fresh water, and this is also salty Difficulties in freshwater resources management.The conventional method of current salt-fresh water proportion measurement is according to hydrology head of a station's sequence salinity Monitoring materials are exactly statistical measurement, though this method is simple, exists and are laid restriction by hydrology website, it is impossible to reflect Hekou District comprehensively The salt-fresh water ratio in waters is unable to, larger limitation be present.
It is based primarily upon the statistics of hydrometric station actual measurement Salinity Data to salt-fresh water ratiometric method both at home and abroad at present, passes through reality Survey data is counted to determine that the salt-fresh water ratio method of Delta of the Pearl River mesh self adaptability is simple, but due to field data distribution not , time series is also inconsistent, also also faces certain Difficulty without typical representativeness, the in addition collection of data.Cause And only rely on the salt-fresh water ratio that statistics obtains and disclosure satisfy that certain needs, but not comprehensively, hydrometric station Salinity Data Statistics is only capable of representing the information of point, can not reflect the salt-fresh water ratio situation in estuary region difference waters comprehensively.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the purpose of the present invention is:One kind is provided and accurately measures river mouth using sampled data The method of area's salt-fresh water ratio.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A kind of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method, comprises the following steps:
A, according to the actual water front in Hekou District and topographic features, the unstructured grids that height is fitted water front, vertical use are established Sigma mesh coordinates;
B, according to the river topography data of actual measurement, river topography data interpolating to unstructured grids point is established digitally Shape elevation, location settings sensor corresponding to the mesh point in above-mentioned unstructured grids, the data that sensor is collected are sent To server;
C, the data and border file collected using gridden data, digital terrain elevation, sensor establish river mouth three Dimension hydrodynamic force-salinity mathematical modeling simultaneously carries out calibration checking;
D, the coboundary mean annual discharge of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is subjected to row's frequency, chooses Typical Year;
E, the Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when salinity calculate;
F, the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point is calculated according to the calculated salt angle value of above-mentioned steps;
G, mathematic interpolation is carried out according to the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point and obtains the isopleth of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio Figure.
Further, the mesh scale of unstructured grids is not less than 50m in the step A.
Further, vertical in the step A to use Sigma mesh coordinates, vertical layered is 10 layers.
Further, 10 layers of the vertical layered in the step A divide equally the local depth of water.
Further, the data collected in the step B include salt angle value, water level and flow rate of water flow.
Further, the step D is specially:The coboundary mean annual discharge of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is subjected to row's frequency, choosing The time corresponding to time corresponding to the fraction water year of upstream 90% and 50% fraction water year is taken as suitable Typical Year.
Further, in the step E:The Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when salinity calculate, wherein three-dimensional The calculation of boundary conditions of hydrodynamic model includes off-lying sea and upstream, and off-lying sea border uses the harmonic constant of tide, and upstream boundary uses Flow border.
Further, salt-fresh water ratio calculates according to the exceeded hourage of salinity in 1 year in the step F.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention utilizes mathematical modeling, is entered according to the setting mesh point gathered data of setting Row calculates, and can obtain the salt-fresh water ratio of each point, and depicts Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio chart, realizes each to Hekou District The accurate measurement of the salt-fresh water ratio of point, and can rapidly and accurately inquire about, reflect the salt-fresh water in estuary region difference waters comprehensively Ratio situation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is that model meshes schematic diagram is calculated in the inventive method;
Fig. 3 is the main mesh point flow velocity the result of Zhujiang Estuary one in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the main mesh point salinity the result of Zhujiang Estuary one in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the salt-fresh water hourage ratio isogram under the average annual hydrologic condition of flow fraction 90%;
Fig. 6 is the salt-fresh water hourage ratio isogram under the average annual hydrologic condition of flow fraction 50%.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
A kind of reference picture 1, Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method, comprises the following steps:
A, according to the actual water front in Hekou District and topographic features, the unstructured grids that height is fitted water front, vertical use are established Sigma mesh coordinates;
B, according to the river topography data of actual measurement, river topography data interpolating to unstructured grids point is established digitally Shape elevation, location settings sensor corresponding to the mesh point in above-mentioned unstructured grids, the data that sensor is collected are sent To server;
C, the data and border file collected using gridden data, digital terrain elevation, sensor establish river mouth three Dimension hydrodynamic force-salinity mathematical modeling simultaneously carries out calibration checking;
D, the coboundary mean annual discharge of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is subjected to row's frequency, chooses Typical Year;
E, the Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when salinity calculate;
F, the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point is calculated according to the calculated salt angle value of above-mentioned steps;
G, mathematic interpolation is carried out according to the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point and obtains the isopleth of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio Figure.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, the mesh scale of unstructured grids is not less than 50m in the step A.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, vertical in the step A to use Sigma mesh coordinates, vertical layered is 10 layers.
It is further used as preferred embodiment, 10 layers of the vertical layered in the step A divide equally the local depth of water.
Preferred embodiment is further used as, the data collected in the step B include salt angle value, water level and water Flow flow velocity.
Preferred embodiment is further used as, the step D is specially:It will put down in the coboundary year of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model Equal flow carries out row's frequency, chooses the time corresponding to time corresponding to the fraction water year of upstream 90% and 50% fraction water year As suitable Typical Year.
Preferred embodiment is further used as, in the step E:The Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when Salinity calculate, wherein the calculation of boundary conditions of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model includes off-lying sea and upstream, off-lying sea border is using tide tune And constant, upstream boundary use flow border.
Preferred embodiment is further used as, salt-fresh water ratio is according to salinity exceeded hour in 1 year in the step F Number calculates.
The present embodiment is used as embodiment using Guangdong Province's Zhujiang Estuary.Using based on unstructured grids mode construction Zhujiang River Salty taste fresh water Three-dimension Numerical Model, calculate the distribution of Zhujiang Estuary salt-fresh water ratio.
(1) governing equation of model
Model is based on hydrostatic approximation and Boussinesq approximate solution three-dimensional shallow water equations and thermohaline transport equation, model are asked The main known variables of solution include:Table elevation, fluid velocity, temperature and salinity vector.Under cartesian coordinate system, The equations and saturation equation of model is as follows:
Wherein:
(x, y) --- horizontal cartesian coordinate, unit m;
Z --- vertical coordinate, it is just unit m upwards;
▽ --- Hamiltonian,
T --- time, unit s;
η (x, y, t) --- table elevation, unit m;
H (x, y) --- the depth of water, unit m;
--- horizontal flow velocity, two components (u, v) under cartesian coordinate, unit m/s;
W --- vertical flow velocity, unit m/s;
F --- the Corrioli's effect factor, (s-1);
G --- acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2
ψ (φ, λ) --- tidal potential, unit m;
α --- effective earth spring factor;
The density of ρ (x, t) --- water, default reference value ρ0For 1025kg/m3
pA(x, y, t) --- table atmospheric pressure, unit N/m2
The temperature and salinity of S, T --- water, using salinity unit (psu) and degree Celsius DEG C;
υ --- vertical eddy viscosity coefficient, unit m2/s;
μ --- Horizontal Eddy viscosity, unit m2/s;
The vertical eddy diffusion coefficient of κ --- temperature and salinity, unit m2/s;
Fs,Fh--- the defeated horizontal proliferation coefficient moved in equation;
Q --- solar radiative absorption rate, unit W/m2
Cp--- the specific heat of water, unit J/kg/K.
(2) scope and grid of model
The Model Establishment scope that research uses covers Zhujiang River net river-firth-offshore shelf hydrodynamic force numerical model. The computer capacity of model is from 112.6 ° of E to 113.6 ° of E;21 ° of N to 23.6 ° of N.The height that the Xijiang River is chosen in model coboundary is wanted, Bei Jiang's Crow hilllock and stone nozzle are considered in tidal current limit in stone angle, the Boluo in Dong Jiang, Liu Xihe and Tan Jiang upstreams, therefore will in simulation process Prolong 35km on its flow border, and generalizing processing is done to upper Yan Hedao, reduce the influence to result of calculation.Off-lying sea lower boundary takes about At 100m isobaths.Model meshes are as shown in Figure 2.
Model uses the unstructured grids of full triangle, the riverbank border of fitting complexity that can be more accurate.Zhujiang River net River is complicated, and yardstick span is big, therefore the scale of the grid for the Zhujiang River net river model established is bigger.Model meshes have 101265 nodes, 172246 grid cells.The size of grid cell is 50~12000m, and minimum grid 50m can be true Protecting the minimum river course of width also has more than three nodes.
Model calculates and mainly uses cartesian coordinate system, while also generates the grid under latitude and longitude coordinates system, to count Calculate the Corrioli's effect coefficient with change in location.Model uses Sigma coordinates on vertical, is divided into 10 layers, respectively the local depth of water, every layer Thickness changes with the depth of water.
As shown in Fig. 2 landform used in the position of model net river is a wide range of actual measurement landform of 1999, local river course area is adopted With topographic map in 2005, firth and inshore landform were using chart digitization achievement in 2000, off-lying sea area landform Using ETOPO1 global ocean terrain datas.
(3) setting of model parameter
Model is calculated using baroclinic model, and wherein off-lying sea salinity border takes 34 (value is according to for the WOA at boundary point The withered season average value of Salinity Data), upstream opens border salinity and is set to 0.Inside horizontal grid the initial salinity of each node use with Lower method setting, marine site node enter row interpolation using WOA Salinity Datas, and net river node is then directly set to 0.Then adopt initial temperature field With 12 DEG C of definite value, the temperature of its up-and-down boundary is also set to 12 DEG C.The dry and wet of model judges that the depth of water chooses 0.01m.Turbulent flow closes The equation of momentum and the defeated horizontal and vertical eddy diffusivity moved in equation are to constant 10 in model-6.When equation is discrete used Between the recessive factor take 0.6, with ensure model calculate stability.In the processing of bottom boundaries frictional force, the present invention is from secondary Resistance formula, the resistance coefficient point section of each node is set in grid, and is adjusted by calibration.
The reference plane that model calculates is pearl base, and it is 120 seconds to calculate time step, cold start-up, each node initial water in grid Position is set to 0m, and model calculates stable level after 50 hours, and salinity change reaches stable after calculating about 15 days.Model calculates border Condition includes off-lying sea and upstream, and what wherein off-lying sea was given is the harmonic constant of tide, and harmonic constant can be soft by China Seas tide prediction Part is calculated, and have chosen the main partial tide in Pearl River Mouth Region nine altogether:Q1,01, P1, K1, N2, M2, S2, K2 and SA mediation are normal Number result of calculation.Model upstream boundary uses flow border.
(4) calibration of model and checking
The whole network river synchro measure data that model mainly have chosen 2 months 2001 carries out calibration and checking.Model boundary water The interpolation of literary condition is more conform with actual Hermite interpolation methods using verified interpolation result.Model selection Zhujiang River triangle The flow velocity and Salinity Data of the main survey station tide gauge and each main survey station of mouth door in continent and river mouth carry out calibration and checking.
Model is started in checking data in advance, and total duration that calculates is 15 days, 8 days after selection (at 2001 2 months 7 days 14- At 2001 2 months 14 days 20) carry out water level, flow velocity and salinity checking.
Tidal level is verified:
In order that the overall water level in the more preferable simulation Delta of the Pearl River net river of model, have selected the primary site of eight big mouth doors Several emphasis hydrology station datas of data and mesh self adaptability carry out tidal level checking.Checking website amounts to 33, covers substantially Whole Northwest loess plateau.Model calibration result shows that model calculates tidal level and the tidal level of actual measurement meets very well.Practical operation In, the error of the error statistics overwhelming majority survey station position of calculated value and measured value meets associated analog technology within 0.1m The required precision of specification, the simulation that model can be applied to Zhujiang Estuary saline water intrusion calculate.
Flow velocity is verified:
This flow velocity data that have selected totally 17 points at net river and mouth door altogether verified, the result such as institute of accompanying drawing 3 Show.From the point of view of the result of flow velocity, calculating flow velocity and the actual measurement flow velocity of most of survey station coincide preferably, only have a few The flow rate error of website is slightly larger (still within worst error allowed band), it is contemplated that the complexity of Zhujiang River net river and landform, stream Fast comparison of computational results is preferable.
Salinity is verified:
Accompanying drawing 4 is the contrast of the salinity calculated value and measured value of each main survey station of mouth door, it can be seen that salinity Simulation precision decreases relative to tidal level and flow velocity, but generally speaking the error of calculating salinity, can within allowed band Preferably embody the big neap variation characteristic of salinity.Have a significant impact in view of change of the factors such as landform, wind to salinity, and Model does not also take in wind field using the terrain simulation situation of 2001 of 1999, therefore result of calculation It is rational in the presence of the error filled in the range of perhaps.Enter it can be considered that the precision of model has reached carry out long-term sequence salt solution Invade the requirement of simulated experiment.
(5) salt-fresh water ratio calculates
The present invention is as follows using computational methods:This coboundary hydrologic condition calculated uses 2 groups altogether, is to flow every year respectively Measure fraction be 50% and 90% it is annual by when measured discharge.A length of 1 year during calculating, from the January 1 of Typical Year to the allusion quotation On the December in type time 31, and 30 days in advance start at, to ensure that salinity change reaches stable state.Lower boundary uses Pearl River Mouth Region Nine main partial tides:The water level for the corresponding time that Q1, O1, P1, K1, N2, M2, S2, K2 and SA harmonic constant are calculated.
The processing of result of calculation:Result of calculation can obtain each point it is annual by when chlorosity graph, so as to unite Meter each puts the ratio (being counted by hourage of the annual chlorosity more than 250mg/l) of annual salt water, and it is salty to draw its on the diagram Water ratio isopleth.
Accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6 are the Pearl River Estuarine Zon year salt water hourage ratio isopleth point under 2 Typical Year hydrologic conditions Butut.It can be seen that the regularity of distribution of the salt water ratio isopleth under different fraction Typical Year hydrologic conditions is basic Unanimously.0% equivalent linear system of salt water ratio calculates the maximum distance that salt water traces back in Typical Year, and its position is mainly by year most withered flow Influence, under 2 groups of Typical Year hydrologic conditions, the change in location of the isopleth of salt water ratio 0% is little, is primarily due to selected 2 The most withered flow (height wants+stone angle) of individual Typical Year is about in 1200m3/ s or so.From the point of view of the density of salt water ratio isopleth, 0% ~10% isopleth is sparse, and the distance before the smaller each isopleth of salt water ratio is bigger, and this is mainly in salt water maximum Distance of tracing back change of the dry season to flow more it is sensitive (small change of flow with regard to can cause salt water maximum trace back distance compared with Big change);The frequency very little that the flow of most withered flow grade occurs simultaneously.The salt water ratio distribution of contours and salinity of In Lingding Yang Area The distribution of field equally has the feature of " high in the east and low in the west ", and the isopleth of salt water ratio 100% is between Qi Ao islands and Neilingding Island. The isopleth of Modaomen estuary salt water ratio 100% is at 2-3km outside friendship cup beach, shape outwardly convex.Yellow Mao Hai salt water The isopleth of ratio 100% is southwester raised, and salt water ratio is in the gesture of " Xi Gaodong is low ", is flowed through mainly due to footpath under the deep trouth of east Let out, reduce the salt water ratio of east.
Above is the preferable implementation to the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to the implementation Example, those skilled in the art can also make a variety of equivalents on the premise of without prejudice to spirit of the invention or replace Change, these equivalent deformations or replacement are all contained in the application claim limited range.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
    A, according to the actual water front in Hekou District and topographic features, the unstructured grids point that height is fitted water front, vertical use are established Sigma mesh coordinates;
    B, according to the river topography data of actual measurement, by river topography data interpolating to unstructured grids point, digital terrain height is established Journey, location settings sensor corresponding to the mesh point in above-mentioned unstructured grids, the data that sensor is collected are sent to clothes Business device, the data collected include salt angle value, water level and flow rate of water flow;
    C, the data and border file collected using gridden data, digital terrain elevation, sensor establish river mouth three-dimensional water Power-salinity mathematical modeling simultaneously carries out calibration checking;
    D, the coboundary mean annual discharge of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is subjected to row's frequency, it is corresponding chooses the fraction water year of upstream 90% Time and 50% fraction water year corresponding to the time as suitable Typical Year;
    E, the Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when salinity calculate;
    F, the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point is calculated according to the calculated salt angle value of above-mentioned steps;
    G, mathematic interpolation is carried out according to the salt-fresh water ratio of each mesh point and obtains the isogram of Hekou District salt-fresh water ratio.
  2. A kind of 2. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step A The mesh scale of unstructured grids is not less than 50m.
  3. A kind of 3. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step A Vertical to use Sigma mesh coordinates, vertical layered is 10 layers.
  4. A kind of 4. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:In the step A 10 layers of vertical layered divide equally the local depth of water.
  5. A kind of 5. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step E: The Typical Year of selection is carried out 365 days 1 year by when salinity calculate, wherein the calculation of boundary conditions bag of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model Off-lying sea and upstream are included, off-lying sea border uses the harmonic constant of tide, and upstream boundary uses flow border.
  6. A kind of 6. Hekou District salt-fresh water ratiometric method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step F Salt-fresh water ratio calculates according to the exceeded hourage of salinity in 1 year.
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CN109033578B (en) * 2018-07-11 2022-06-07 河海大学 Inversion method of estuary on-way fresh water guarantee rate
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