CN104749035A - Loading device and method for soil triaxial apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种土工三轴仪用加载装置及加载方法，包括压力缸，所述压力缸通过第一管路连接土工三轴仪目标室，在所述第一管路上通过第二管路连接有无气水容器，无气水容器位于所述压力缸的上方，所述第二管路上设置有第一电磁阀；所述第一管路上设置有第二电磁阀；所述第二电磁阀和土工三轴仪目标室之间的管路上连接有第一水压力传感器，所述第一水压力力传感器连接数字控制单元，所述的第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀均与所述的数字控制单元连接。本发明实现吸水和排水的体积无限的目的，可提高进出缸体内无气水体积测量的精度；采用自动换向设计，达到吸水和排水的体积无限的目的，可实现加载过程与进出水量的精确控制。
The invention discloses a loading device and a loading method for a geotechnical triaxial instrument, comprising a pressure cylinder, the pressure cylinder is connected to the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument through a first pipeline, and a second pipeline is passed through the first pipeline An air-free water container is connected, the air-free water container is located above the pressure cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve is provided on the second pipeline; a second electromagnetic valve is provided on the first pipeline; the second electromagnetic valve A first water pressure sensor is connected to the pipeline between the valve and the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, and the first water pressure sensor is connected to a digital control unit. Both the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are connected to the connected to the digital control unit. The invention realizes the purpose of unlimited volume of water absorption and drainage, and can improve the accuracy of measuring the volume of anaerobic water in and out of the cylinder; adopts the automatic reversing design, achieves the purpose of unlimited volume of water absorption and drainage, and can realize the loading process and the volume of water in and out. Precise control.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种土工三轴仪用加载装置及加载方法。The invention relates to a loading device and a loading method for a geotechnical triaxial instrument.
技术背景technical background
土工三轴是一种重要的岩土工程测试手段，也是现行规范所要求的测试项目之一。常规三轴试验分为不固结不排水试验，固结不排水试验，固结排水试验，可测定土体的抗压强度、抗剪强度、泊松比。三轴试验中围压和反压的加载以及体变、排水体积的量测是三轴试验的重要内容。Geotechnical triaxial is an important geotechnical engineering test method, and it is also one of the test items required by the current code. Conventional triaxial tests are divided into unconsolidated and undrained tests, consolidated undrained tests, and consolidated drained tests, which can measure the compressive strength, shear strength, and Poisson's ratio of soil. The loading of confining pressure and back pressure as well as the measurement of volume change and drainage volume in triaxial test are important contents of triaxial test.
传统的三轴仪围压和反压的加载装置多采用调压筒，调压筒通常由电机、齿轮箱和压力缸组成，此种结构整体存在有以下问题：(1)由于压力缸体积有限，因此可调节的体积有限，经常出现试验过程中因压力缸活塞到达极限使得试验中断；(2)为了提高体积调节范围，要求压力缸的体积较大(多为200-500ml)，这使得活塞截面积大，从而在加载水的体积一定的情况下，使得活塞横向运动距离的控制精度较低；同时，大体积的压力缸需要大功率电机及齿轮箱加载；(3)加载动力源采用电机驱动齿轮箱，齿轮间隙造成加压、减压反应迟缓；(4)用于密封调压筒内部的活塞橡皮圈易产生变形，也使得加载精度下降；(5)体积测量精度受限于位移传感器、活塞面积等，而不得不增加体变管用于体变的量测；(6)无法实现进出水量的精确控制。The traditional confining pressure and back pressure loading devices of triaxial instruments mostly use a pressure regulating cylinder, which is usually composed of a motor, a gear box and a pressure cylinder. This structure has the following problems as a whole: (1) Due to the limited volume of the pressure cylinder , so the adjustable volume is limited, and it often occurs that the test is interrupted due to the pressure cylinder piston reaching the limit during the test; (2) In order to improve the volume adjustment range, the volume of the pressure cylinder is required to be large (mostly 200-500ml), which makes the piston The cross-sectional area is large, so that when the volume of loaded water is constant, the control accuracy of the lateral movement distance of the piston is low; at the same time, a large-volume pressure cylinder requires a high-power motor and a gearbox to load; (3) the loading power source uses a motor Drive the gearbox, and the gear gap causes the response of pressurization and decompression to be slow; (4) The piston rubber ring used to seal the inside of the pressure regulating cylinder is prone to deformation, which also reduces the loading accuracy; (5) The volume measurement accuracy is limited by the displacement sensor , Piston area, etc., but have to increase the volume change tube for the measurement of volume change; (6) can't realize the precise control of water in and out.
另外，在三轴试验中，体变及排水体积测量通常采用滴定管，为了实现数据的动态采集，通常采用差压传感器测量滴定管上下液面压力差的办法测量排水量，这种方法存在以下缺点：(1)排水体积受滴定管的直径和长度限制，太粗则精度差，太细则量程太小；(2)无法精确保持压力，压力随滴定管液面变化而变化，无法设定固定值；(3)要求同时控制压力及测定水量变化时，需多件设备及复杂的结构。In addition, in the triaxial test, a burette is usually used to measure the volume change and drainage volume. In order to realize the dynamic collection of data, a differential pressure sensor is usually used to measure the pressure difference between the upper and lower liquid surfaces of the burette to measure the displacement. This method has the following disadvantages: ( 1) The drainage volume is limited by the diameter and length of the burette, if it is too thick, the accuracy will be poor, if it is too thin, the range will be too small; (2) The pressure cannot be accurately maintained, and the pressure changes with the liquid level of the burette, so a fixed value cannot be set; (3) When it is required to control the pressure and measure the change of water volume at the same time, multiple pieces of equipment and complex structures are required.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷或不足，本发明的目的在于，提供一种可以实现无限体积加载，且加载精度较高的土工三轴仪用加载装置及加载方法。In view of the above defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a loading device and loading method for geotechnical triaxial instrument which can realize infinite volume loading and has high loading accuracy.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种土工三轴仪用加载装置，包括压力缸，所述压力缸通过第一管路连接土工三轴仪目标室，在所述第一管路上通过第二管路连接有无气水容器，无气水容器位于所述压力缸的上方，所述第二管路上设置有第一电磁阀；A loading device for a geotechnical triaxial instrument, comprising a pressure cylinder, the pressure cylinder is connected to the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument through a first pipeline, and an air-free water container is connected to the first pipeline through a second pipeline, An airless water container is located above the pressure cylinder, and a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second pipeline;
所述第一管路上设置有第二电磁阀，第二电磁阀位于第一管路和第二管路的连接处与土工三轴仪目标室之间；The first pipeline is provided with a second solenoid valve, and the second solenoid valve is located between the junction of the first pipeline and the second pipeline and the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument;
所述第二电磁阀和土工三轴仪目标室之间的管路上连接有第一水压力传感器，所述第一水压力力传感器连接数字控制单元，所述的第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀均与所述的数字控制单元连接；A first water pressure sensor is connected to the pipeline between the second solenoid valve and the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, and the first water pressure sensor is connected to a digital control unit. The first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve The valves are all connected with the digital control unit;
所述压力缸内的活塞与步进电机连接，所述步进电机的转轴上连接有编码器，所述步进电机和编码器均与所述数字控制单元连接。The piston in the pressure cylinder is connected to a stepping motor, an encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the stepping motor, and both the stepping motor and the encoder are connected to the digital control unit.
进一步地，所述压力缸的缸体顶端和底端分别安装有第一光电传感器和第二光电传感器，二者均与所述数字控制单元连接。Further, a first photoelectric sensor and a second photoelectric sensor are respectively installed on the top and the bottom of the pressure cylinder, both of which are connected to the digital control unit.
进一步地，所述第二管路与第一管路的连接处与压力缸之间的第一管路上连接有第二水压力传感器，第二水压力传感器与所述数字控制单元连接。Further, a second water pressure sensor is connected to the first pipeline between the connection between the second pipeline and the first pipeline and the pressure cylinder, and the second water pressure sensor is connected to the digital control unit.
进一步地，所述压力缸的侧壁上设置有排气孔，排气孔上安装有排气阀。Further, an exhaust hole is provided on the side wall of the pressure cylinder, and an exhaust valve is installed on the exhaust hole.
进一步地，所述排气孔处连接有温度传感器，所述温度传感器与所述数字控制单元连接。Further, a temperature sensor is connected to the exhaust hole, and the temperature sensor is connected to the digital control unit.
可选地，所述步进电机通过滚珠丝杠与活塞连接。Optionally, the stepper motor is connected to the piston through a ball screw.
一种应用本发明的装置对土工三轴仪进行加载的方法，具体包括以下步骤：A method for loading a geotechnical triaxial instrument using the device of the present invention, specifically comprising the following steps:
步骤1：设目标室的目标压力为P1，目标压力P1与实际压力P2的压力差ΔP的允许误差设为ΔP'；向无气水容器中注入无气水，无气水上表面设置矿物油与大气隔绝，将第一管路与目标室入口相连，关闭第二电磁阀，打开第一电磁阀，并打开排气阀，利用排气孔将系统中的空气排出；关闭排气阀和第一电磁阀；Step 1: Set the target pressure of the target chamber as P 1 , and the allowable error of the pressure difference ΔP between the target pressure P 1 and the actual pressure P 2 is set to ΔP'; inject air-free water into the air-free water container, and set the upper surface of the air-free water Isolate the mineral oil from the atmosphere, connect the first pipeline to the inlet of the target chamber, close the second solenoid valve, open the first solenoid valve, and open the exhaust valve, use the exhaust hole to discharge the air in the system; close the exhaust valve and the first solenoid valve;
步骤2：系统自检活塞的位置：数字控制单元获取活塞的位置，并判断活塞是否位于压力缸缸体两端，如果是，则打开第一电磁阀，调整活塞至压力缸的缸体中部位置，并关闭第一电磁阀，转步骤3；否则，执行步骤3；Step 2: The system self-checks the position of the piston: the digital control unit obtains the position of the piston, and judges whether the piston is located at both ends of the pressure cylinder, if so, opens the first solenoid valve, and adjusts the piston to the middle of the pressure cylinder , and close the first solenoid valve, go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 3;
步骤3：数字控制单元读取目标室的目标压力P1，第一水压力传感器测得目标室内的实际压力P2，并将该压力信号反馈给数字控制单元；Step 3: The digital control unit reads the target pressure P 1 of the target chamber, the first water pressure sensor measures the actual pressure P 2 in the target chamber, and feeds back the pressure signal to the digital control unit;
步骤4：数字控制单元判断压力差ΔP是否超过ΔP'，如果是，则执行步骤6；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 4: The digital control unit judges whether the pressure difference ΔP exceeds ΔP', if yes, go to step 6; if not, go to step 5;
步骤5：数字控制单元通过编码器获得的活塞的实时位置信息，记录压力缸的进出水量，以及目标室内的实际压力；转步骤9；Step 5: The digital control unit obtains the real-time position information of the piston through the encoder, records the water inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder, and the actual pressure in the target chamber; go to step 9;
步骤6：数字控制单元判断目标压力P1是否大于实际压力P2，如果是则执行步骤7；如果否，则执行步骤8；Step 6: The digital control unit judges whether the target pressure P 1 is greater than the actual pressure P 2 , if yes, execute step 7; if not, execute step 8;
步骤7：加压过程Step 7: Pressurization Process
步骤7.1：打开第二电磁阀，数字控制单元控制步进电机正转，带动活塞向压力缸的缸体顶端运动，将压力缸内的无气水推出压力缸，无气水经过第二电磁阀，进入目标室内；Step 7.1: Open the second solenoid valve, the digital control unit controls the stepper motor to rotate forward, and drives the piston to move to the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder, pushing the anaerobic water in the pressure cylinder out of the pressure cylinder, and the anaerobic water passes through the second solenoid valve , into the target room;
步骤7.2：数字控制单元获取活塞的位置信息，并判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的顶端，如果是，则执行步骤7.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 7.2: The digital control unit obtains the position information of the piston, and judges whether the position of the piston is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder. If yes, perform step 7.3; if not, go to step 5;
步骤7.3：数字控制单元控制第二电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，控制步进电机反转，带动活塞向压力缸缸体底端运动，活塞移动至压力缸缸体中部，步进电机停止转动；转步骤5；Step 7.3: The digital control unit controls the second solenoid valve to close, the first solenoid valve to open, controls the stepper motor to reverse, drives the piston to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder, the piston moves to the middle of the pressure cylinder, and the stepper motor stops Turn; go to step 5;
步骤8：减压过程Step 8: Decompression Process
步骤8.1：打开第二电磁阀，数字控制单元控制步进电机反转，带动活塞向压力缸的缸体底端运动，目标室内的水经过第二电磁阀流入压力缸内；Step 8.1: Open the second solenoid valve, the digital control unit controls the reverse rotation of the stepper motor, and drives the piston to move to the bottom of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder, and the water in the target chamber flows into the pressure cylinder through the second solenoid valve;
步骤8.2：数字控制单元获取活塞的位置信息，判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的底端，如果是，则执行步骤8.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 8.2: The digital control unit obtains the position information of the piston, and judges whether the position of the piston is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder, if yes, perform step 8.3; if not, go to step 5;
步骤8.3：数字控制单元控制第二电磁阀关闭，第一电磁阀打开，控制步进电机正转，带动活塞向压力缸缸体顶端运动，活塞移动至压力缸缸体中部，步进电机停止转动；转步骤5；Step 8.3: The digital control unit controls the second solenoid valve to close, the first solenoid valve to open, controls the stepper motor to rotate forward, drives the piston to move to the top of the pressure cylinder, the piston moves to the middle of the pressure cylinder, and the stepper motor stops rotating ;Go to step 5;
步骤9：如果试验达到结束标准，则试验结束；否则，转步骤3。Step 9: If the test meets the end criteria, the test ends; otherwise, go to step 3.
具体地，所述的步骤7.2中数字控制单元获取活塞的位置信息，并判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的顶端，具体实现方式如下：Specifically, in the step 7.2, the digital control unit obtains the position information of the piston, and judges whether the position of the piston is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
编码器将活塞的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元，数字控制单元根据反馈的信息判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的顶端；或者，当活塞处于压力缸缸体的顶端时，第一光电传感器将此信息传送到数字控制单元。The encoder feeds the real-time position information of the piston to the digital control unit, and the digital control unit judges whether the position of the piston is at the top of the pressure cylinder according to the feedback information; or, when the piston is at the top of the pressure cylinder, the first photoelectric Sensors transmit this information to the digital control unit.
具体地，所述的步骤8.2中数字控制单元获取活塞的位置信息，并判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的底端，具体实现方式如下：Specifically, in the step 8.2, the digital control unit obtains the position information of the piston, and judges whether the position of the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder. The specific implementation method is as follows:
编码器将活塞的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元，数字控制单元根据反馈的信息判断活塞的位置是否处于压力缸缸体的底端；或者，当活塞处于压力缸缸体的顶端时，第二光电传感器将此信息传送到数字控制单元。The encoder feeds back the real-time position information of the piston to the digital control unit, and the digital control unit judges whether the position of the piston is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder according to the feedback information; or, when the piston is at the top of the pressure cylinder, the second A photoelectric sensor transmits this information to the digital control unit.
进一步地，在所述的步骤7.1和步骤8.1中打开第二电磁阀之前，第二水压力传感器测得压力缸内的压力信息，并将压力信息传输到数字控制单元，通过数字控制单元控制步进电机运转，带动活塞在压力缸内作往复运动，使数字控制单元接收到的第二水压力传感器与第一水压力传感器采集到的压力信息相等。Further, before the second solenoid valve is opened in step 7.1 and step 8.1, the second water pressure sensor measures the pressure information in the pressure cylinder, and transmits the pressure information to the digital control unit, and the digital control unit controls the step The motor runs to drive the piston to reciprocate in the pressure cylinder, so that the pressure information received by the second water pressure sensor received by the digital control unit is equal to the pressure information collected by the first water pressure sensor.
进一步地，在所述的步骤5中，温度传感器测得压力缸内的温度数据，实时修正压力缸的进出水量，包括进出水的体积和质量。Further, in step 5, the temperature sensor measures the temperature data in the pressure cylinder, and corrects the water inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder in real time, including the volume and quality of the water inflow and outflow.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
1、本发明采用自动换向设计，根据编码器、光电传感器和压力传感器反馈的信息自主调节第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀的开闭，实现无气水在无气水容器、加压缸和土工三轴仪的目标室之间的移动，从而达到吸水和排水的体积无限的目的。1. The present invention adopts an automatic reversing design, and independently adjusts the opening and closing of the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve according to the information fed back by the encoder, photoelectric sensor and pressure sensor, so as to realize the anaerobic water in the anaerobic water container, pressurized cylinder, etc. And the movement between the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, so as to achieve the purpose of infinite volume of water absorption and drainage.
2、本发明采用的压力缸的截面面积较小，可提高进出缸体内无气水体积测量的精度，同时减少加载过程所需要的动力，加快反应速度，提高效率，可实现压力精确控制的同时，精确的测定进出目标室的水量。2. The cross-sectional area of the pressure cylinder used in the present invention is small, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the volume of anaerobic water in and out of the cylinder, and at the same time reduce the power required for the loading process, speed up the reaction speed, improve efficiency, and achieve precise pressure control. At the same time, the amount of water entering and exiting the target chamber is accurately measured.
3、本发明不仅可以实现压力的精确控制，同时可实现体积的精准控制。3. The present invention can realize not only precise control of pressure, but also precise control of volume.
4、本发明装置体积小，能耗低，结构简单，成本大大降低。4. The device of the present invention has small volume, low energy consumption, simple structure and greatly reduced cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是应用本发明的装置进行加载过程的工作原理图；Fig. 2 is the working principle diagram of applying the device of the present invention to carry out the loading process;
图中标号代表：1—压力缸，2—活塞，3—三通接头，4—第一电磁阀，5—无气水容器，6—第二电磁阀，7—第一水压力传感器，8—数字控制单元，9—编码器，10—步进电机，11—温度传感器，12—排气阀，13—排气孔，14—第二水压力传感器，15—第一光电传感器，16—第二光电传感器，17—第二管路，18—第一管路。The symbols in the figure represent: 1—pressure cylinder, 2—piston, 3—tee joint, 4—first electromagnetic valve, 5—airless water container, 6—second electromagnetic valve, 7—first water pressure sensor, 8 —Digital control unit, 9—Encoder, 10—Stepping motor, 11—Temperature sensor, 12—Exhaust valve, 13—Exhaust hole, 14—Second water pressure sensor, 15—First photoelectric sensor, 16— The second photoelectric sensor, 17—the second pipeline, 18—the first pipeline.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的方案作进一步的解释和说明。The solution of the present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
遵从上述技术方案，参见图1，本发明的土工三轴仪用加载装置，包括压力缸1，所述压力缸1通过第一管路18连接土工三轴仪目标室，在所述第一管路18上通过第二管路17连接有无气水容器5，所述无气水容器5位于所述压力缸1的上方，所述第二管路17上设置有第一电磁阀4，第一电磁阀4的开闭实现无气水在无气水容器5和压力缸1内的进出。Comply with above-mentioned technical scheme, referring to Fig. 1, the loading device for geotechnical triaxial instrument of the present invention, comprises pressure cylinder 1, and described pressure cylinder 1 is connected geotechnical triaxial instrument target chamber through first pipeline 18, and in described first pipe The air-free water container 5 is connected to the road 18 through the second pipeline 17, and the air-free water container 5 is located above the pressure cylinder 1. The second pipeline 17 is provided with a first solenoid valve 4, and the second pipeline 17 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 4. The opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve 4 realizes the entry and exit of anaerobic water in anaerobic water container 5 and pressure cylinder 1 .
所述第一管路18上设置有第二电磁阀6，第二电磁阀6位于第一管路18和第二管路17的连接处与土工三轴仪目标室之间，第二电磁阀6的开闭实现无气水在压力缸1和土工三轴仪目标室内的进出。The first pipeline 18 is provided with a second solenoid valve 6, the second solenoid valve 6 is located between the junction of the first pipeline 18 and the second pipeline 17 and the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, the second solenoid valve The opening and closing of 6 realizes the entry and exit of airless water in the pressure cylinder 1 and the geotechnical triaxial instrument target chamber.
所述第二电磁阀6和土工三轴仪目标室之间的管路上连接有第一水压力传感器7，所述第一水压力传感器7连接数字控制单元8，所述的第一电磁阀4和第二电磁阀6均与所述的数字控制单元8连接；第一水压力传感器7用于测得土工三轴仪目标室内的实际压力，并将该压力信息反馈给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8根据目标压力与实际压力的差值，控制第一电磁阀4和第二电磁阀6的开闭，进而控制加载过程。The pipeline between the second electromagnetic valve 6 and the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument is connected with a first water pressure sensor 7, and the first water pressure sensor 7 is connected with a digital control unit 8. The first electromagnetic valve 4 and the second electromagnetic valve 6 are all connected with the digital control unit 8; the first water pressure sensor 7 is used to measure the actual pressure in the target chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, and feed back the pressure information to the digital control unit 8, and the digital The control unit 8 controls the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve 4 and the second electromagnetic valve 6 according to the difference between the target pressure and the actual pressure, thereby controlling the loading process.
所述压力缸1内的活塞2与步进电机10连接，所述步进电机10的转轴上连接有编码器9，步进电机10和编码器9均与所述数字控制单元8连接，步进电机10是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元步进电机件，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲次数，不受负载变化的影响；当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机10按照设定的方向转动一个固定的角度，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步进行的，可以通过控制脉冲信号的个数来控制角位移量，从而使其达到准确定位的目的；同时，可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的，实现无气水进出压力缸1速度的精确控制。The piston 2 in the pressure cylinder 1 is connected with a stepping motor 10, and the rotating shaft of the stepping motor 10 is connected with an encoder 9, and both the stepping motor 10 and the encoder 9 are connected with the digital control unit 8, step by step The motor 10 is an open-loop control element stepper motor that converts electrical pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement. The speed and stop position of the motor only depend on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal, and are not affected by load changes; When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor 10 to rotate a fixed angle according to the set direction, and its rotation is carried out step by step at a fixed angle, which can be controlled by controlling the number of pulse signals. Control the angular displacement to achieve accurate positioning; at the same time, control the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation by controlling the pulse frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation, and realize the precise control of the speed of airless water entering and leaving the pressure cylinder 1.
编码器9记录步进电机10的转轴的转动圈数，并将此信息传送给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8通过计算得到步进电机10的位移，并得到步进电机10运动过程中，与之相连的活塞2的位移，通过计算得到此过程中进出压力缸1内的无气水的体积。Encoder 9 records the number of rotations of the rotating shaft of stepper motor 10, and sends this information to digital control unit 8, and digital control unit 8 obtains the displacement of stepper motor 10 by calculation, and obtains during the motion of stepper motor 10, The displacement of the piston 2 connected with it is calculated to obtain the volume of anaerobic water entering and leaving the pressure cylinder 1 in this process.
进一步地，所述压力缸1缸体顶端和底端分别安装有第一光电传感器15和第二光电传感器16，二者均与所述数字控制单元8连接。当活塞2到达缸体两端时，第一光电传感器15和第二光电传感器16获取此位置信息，并将该信息传送给数字控制单元8。压力缸1缸体顶端指的是，压力缸1进出水的一端，则另一端即为缸体的底端。Further, a first photoelectric sensor 15 and a second photoelectric sensor 16 are installed on the top and bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 respectively, both of which are connected to the digital control unit 8 . When the piston 2 reaches both ends of the cylinder, the first photoelectric sensor 15 and the second photoelectric sensor 16 acquire the position information and transmit the information to the digital control unit 8 . The top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1 refers to the end of the water inlet and outlet of the pressure cylinder 1, and the other end is the bottom end of the cylinder body.
进一步地，所述第二管路17与第一管路18的连接处与压力缸1之间的第一管路18上连接有第二水压力传感器14，第二水压力传感器14与所述数字控制单元8连接。第二水压力传感器14用于测得压力缸1内的压力。当压力缸1进出水完毕，关闭第一电磁阀4，准备开启第二电磁阀6时，由于在加压或减压之前，压力缸1和目标室的压力通常并不是完全平衡，会存在有较小的压力差，这个较小的压力差会使得加压或减压中打开第二电磁阀6之后，引起第二电磁阀6左右两端的无气水的瞬间小幅度流动，从而影响进入目标室的无气水的体积的测量的准确性。因此，该步骤能够在打开第二电磁阀6之前对压力缸1和目标室的压力进行平衡调节，有效避免上述问题，从而提高试验的精度。Further, a second water pressure sensor 14 is connected to the first pipeline 18 between the junction of the second pipeline 17 and the first pipeline 18 and the pressure cylinder 1, and the second water pressure sensor 14 is connected to the first pipeline 18. The digital control unit 8 is connected. The second water pressure sensor 14 is used to measure the pressure in the pressure cylinder 1 . When the water in and out of the pressure cylinder 1 is completed, the first solenoid valve 4 is closed, and the second solenoid valve 6 is ready to be opened, because the pressure of the pressure cylinder 1 and the target chamber are usually not completely balanced before pressurization or decompression, there will be Small pressure difference, this small pressure difference will make the second solenoid valve 6 open during pressurization or decompression, causing a small instantaneous flow of airless water at the left and right ends of the second solenoid valve 6, thus affecting the entry target The accuracy of the measurement of the volume of anaerobic water in the chamber. Therefore, this step can balance and adjust the pressure of the pressure cylinder 1 and the target chamber before opening the second electromagnetic valve 6, effectively avoiding the above-mentioned problems, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.
进一步地，所述压力缸1的侧壁上设置有排气孔13，所述排气孔13上安装有排气阀12，实验开始前，可打开排气阀12，通过排气孔13排空系统中的空气，防止空气进入目标室内，从而提高试验精度。Further, an exhaust hole 13 is provided on the side wall of the pressure cylinder 1, and an exhaust valve 12 is installed on the exhaust hole 13. Before the experiment starts, the exhaust valve 12 can be opened, and the air can be discharged through the exhaust hole 13. Empty the air in the system and prevent air from entering the target chamber, thus improving the test accuracy.
进一步地，所述排气孔13处连接有温度传感器11，所述温度传感器11与所述数字控制单元8连接。因水的体积与温度有关，当温度大于4摄氏度时，水的体积会随着温度的上升或下降而减小，根据已有比例系数，通过温度传感器11测得压力缸1内无气水的温度，根据比例系数对进出压力缸1内的水量进行修正，从而精确控制压力缸1内的进出水量，提升实验精度。Further, a temperature sensor 11 is connected to the exhaust hole 13 , and the temperature sensor 11 is connected to the digital control unit 8 . Because the volume of water is related to temperature, when the temperature is greater than 4 degrees Celsius, the volume of water will decrease with the rise or fall of temperature. According to the existing proportional coefficient, the temperature sensor 11 measures the volume of the airless water in the pressure cylinder 1. The temperature, according to the proportional coefficient, corrects the amount of water entering and exiting the pressure cylinder 1, thereby accurately controlling the amount of water entering and exiting the pressure cylinder 1, and improving the accuracy of the experiment.
可选地，所述步进电机10通过滚珠丝杠与活塞2连接。Optionally, the stepper motor 10 is connected to the piston 2 through a ball screw.
可选地，所述的第一电磁阀4和第二电磁阀6均采用微型电磁阀，所述第一水压力传感器7和第二水压力传感器14均采用高精度孔压传感器；所述第一管路18与第二管路17通过三通接头3连接，三通接头3采用不锈钢卡套三通接头。Optionally, the first solenoid valve 4 and the second solenoid valve 6 both use miniature solenoid valves, and the first water pressure sensor 7 and the second water pressure sensor 14 both use high-precision hole pressure sensors; The first pipeline 18 is connected to the second pipeline 17 through a three-way joint 3, and the three-way joint 3 adopts a stainless steel ferrule three-way joint.
可选地，所述压力缸1的行程为5cm，截面面积为1-2cm2，泵体体积为5～10ml。所述压力缸1截面面积较小，可提高进出压力缸1内无气水体积测量的精度，同时减少加载过程所需要的动力，加快反应速度。采用步进电机10驱动，误差小于0.02ml。Optionally, the stroke of the pressure cylinder 1 is 5 cm, the cross-sectional area is 1-2 cm 2 , and the volume of the pump body is 5-10 ml. The pressure cylinder 1 has a small cross-sectional area, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the volume of airless water entering and leaving the pressure cylinder 1, and at the same time reduce the power required for the loading process and speed up the reaction speed. Driven by a stepping motor 10, the error is less than 0.02ml.
可选地，本发明的装置中采用的管路的管径均为3mm，管路中连接的各元件均采用橡胶圈密封。Optionally, the diameters of the pipelines used in the device of the present invention are all 3mm, and all components connected in the pipelines are sealed with rubber rings.
应用本发明的装置对土工三轴仪进行加载的方法，具体包括以下步骤：The method for loading the geotechnical triaxial instrument by using the device of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
步骤1：设目标室的目标压力为P1，目标压力P1与实际压力P2的压力差ΔP的允许误差设为ΔP'，本发明中设为0.1kpa；向无气水容器5中注入无气水，无气水上表面设置矿物油与大气隔绝，将第一管路18与目标室入口相连，关闭第二电磁阀6，打开第一电磁阀4，并打开排气阀12，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10反转，带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体底端运动，无气水容器5中的无气水进入压力缸1内，系统中的空气通过排气孔13排出，关闭排气阀12和第一电磁阀4。Step 1: Set the target pressure of the target chamber as P1 , and the allowable error of the pressure difference ΔP between the target pressure P1 and the actual pressure P2 is set as ΔP', which is set to 0.1kpa in the present invention; inject into the airless water container 5 Airless water, set mineral oil on the upper surface of the airless water to isolate from the atmosphere, connect the first pipeline 18 with the inlet of the target chamber, close the second solenoid valve 6, open the first solenoid valve 4, and open the exhaust valve 12, digital control The unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to reverse, and drives the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1, the anaerobic water in the anaerobic water container 5 enters the pressure cylinder 1, and the air in the system is discharged through the exhaust hole 13 , close the exhaust valve 12 and the first solenoid valve 4 .
步骤2：系统自检活塞2的位置：编码器9记录步进电机10的转动信息，并将该信息传输到数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8通过计算得到活塞2的位移信息，确定活塞2位于压力缸1内的位置，并判断活塞2是否位于压力缸1缸体两端，如果是，则打开第一电磁阀4，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10正转或反转，调整活塞2至压力缸1的缸体中部，使整个装置既可进行加压又可进行减压，关闭第一电磁阀4，转步骤3；否则，执行步骤3。Step 2: The system self-tests the position of piston 2: the encoder 9 records the rotation information of the stepper motor 10, and transmits the information to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 obtains the displacement information of the piston 2 through calculation, and determines the position of the piston 2. Position in the pressure cylinder 1, and judge whether the piston 2 is located at both ends of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, if so, open the first solenoid valve 4, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to rotate forward or reverse, and adjust the piston 2 to the middle of the pressure cylinder 1, so that the whole device can be pressurized and decompressed, close the first solenoid valve 4, and go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 3.
步骤3：数字控制单元8读取目标室的目标压力P1，第一水压力传感器7测得目标室内的实际压力P2，并将该压力信号反馈给数字控制单元8。Step 3: The digital control unit 8 reads the target pressure P 1 of the target chamber, the first water pressure sensor 7 measures the actual pressure P 2 in the target chamber, and feeds back the pressure signal to the digital control unit 8 .
步骤4：数字控制单元8判断压力差ΔP是否超过ΔP'，如果是，则执行步骤6；如果否，则执行步骤5。Step 4: The digital control unit 8 judges whether the pressure difference ΔP exceeds ΔP', if yes, execute step 6; if not, execute step 5.
步骤5：数字控制单元8通过编码器9获得的活塞2的实时位置信息，记录压力缸1的进出水量，以及目标室内的实际压力；转步骤9。Step 5: The digital control unit 8 records the water inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder 1 and the actual pressure in the target chamber through the real-time position information of the piston 2 obtained by the encoder 9; go to step 9.
步骤6：数字控制单元8判断目标压力P1是否大于实际压力P2，如果是则执行步骤7；如果否，则执行步骤8。Step 6: The digital control unit 8 judges whether the target pressure P 1 is greater than the actual pressure P 2 , if yes, execute step 7; if not, execute step 8.
步骤7：加压过程Step 7: Pressurization Process
步骤7.1：打开第二电磁阀6，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10正转，通过滚珠丝杠并带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体顶端运动，将压力缸1内的无气水推出压力缸1，无气水经过第二电磁阀6，进入目标室内；Step 7.1: Open the second solenoid valve 6, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepping motor 10 to rotate forward, and drives the piston 2 to move to the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1 through the ball screw, pushing out the airless water in the pressure cylinder 1 Pressure cylinder 1, airless water enters the target chamber through the second solenoid valve 6;
步骤7.2：数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端，如果是，则执行步骤7.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 7.2: The digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, if yes, then perform step 7.3; if not, then go to step 5;
步骤7.3：数字控制单元8控制第二电磁阀6关闭，第一电磁阀4打开，控制步进电机10反转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1缸体底端运动，活塞2移动至压力缸1缸体中部，步进电机10停止转动，此过程为向压力缸1内充水的过程；转步骤5。Step 7.3: The digital control unit 8 controls the second solenoid valve 6 to close, the first solenoid valve 4 to open, controls the stepper motor 10 to reverse, and drives the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 through the ball screw, and the piston 2 moves To the middle of the pressure cylinder 1, the stepper motor 10 stops rotating, this process is the process of filling water into the pressure cylinder 1; go to step 5.
步骤8：减压过程Step 8: Decompression Process
步骤8.1：打开第二电磁阀6，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10反转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体底端运动，目标室内的水经过第二电磁阀6流入压力缸1内；Step 8.1: Open the second solenoid valve 6, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to reverse, and the ball screw drives the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1, and the water in the target chamber passes through the second solenoid valve 6 into the pressure cylinder 1;
步骤8.2：数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端，如果是，则执行步骤8.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 8.2: The digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom end of the pressure cylinder 1, if yes, then perform step 8.3; if not, then go to step 5;
步骤8.3：数字控制单元8控制第二电磁阀6关闭，第一电磁阀4打开，控制步进电机10正转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1缸体顶端运动，活塞2移动至压力缸1缸体中部，步进电机10停止转动，此过程为向压力缸1内充水的过程；转步骤5。Step 8.3: The digital control unit 8 controls the second solenoid valve 6 to close, the first solenoid valve 4 to open, and controls the stepper motor 10 to rotate forward, and the ball screw drives the piston 2 to move to the top of the pressure cylinder 1, and the piston 2 moves to In the middle of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder body, the stepper motor 10 stops rotating, and this process is the process of filling water into the pressure cylinder 1; go to step 5.
步骤9：如果试验达到结束标准，该结束标准可人为设定，可以设为试验时间为10小时，则试验结束；否则，转步骤3。Step 9: If the test reaches the end standard, the end standard can be set manually, and the test time can be set as 10 hours, then the test ends; otherwise, go to step 3.
进一步地，所述的步骤7.2中数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端，其具体实现方式如下：编码器9将活塞2的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8根据反馈的信息判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端；或者，当活塞2处于压力缸1缸体顶端时，第一光电传感器15将此信息传送到数字控制单元8。Further, in the step 7.2, the digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1. The specific implementation method is as follows: the encoder 9 converts the real-time The position information is fed back to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1 according to the feedback information; or, when the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, the first photoelectric sensor 15 transmits this information to the digital control unit 8 .
进一步地，所述的步骤8.2中数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端，具体实现方式如下：Further, in the step 8.2, the digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder body, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
编码器9将活塞2的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8根据反馈的信息判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端；或者，当活塞2处于压力缸1缸体的顶端时，第二光电传感器16将此信息传送到数字控制单元8。The encoder 9 feeds back the real-time position information of the piston 2 to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder according to the feedback information; or, when the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 When the top of the cylinder is reached, the second photoelectric sensor 16 transmits this information to the digital control unit 8 .
进一步地，在所述的步骤7.1和步骤8.1中打开第二电磁阀6之前，第二水压力传感器14测得压力缸1内的压力信息，并将压力信息传输到数字控制单元8，通过数字控制单元8控制步进电机10运转，带动活塞2在压力缸1内作往复运动，使数字控制单元8接收到的第二水压力传感器14与第一水压力传感器7采集到的压力信息相等。Further, before the second electromagnetic valve 6 is opened in the above step 7.1 and step 8.1, the second water pressure sensor 14 measures the pressure information in the pressure cylinder 1, and transmits the pressure information to the digital control unit 8, through the digital The control unit 8 controls the operation of the stepper motor 10 to drive the piston 2 to reciprocate in the pressure cylinder 1, so that the pressure information received by the second water pressure sensor 14 received by the digital control unit 8 is equal to the pressure information collected by the first water pressure sensor 7 .
在加压或者减压过程开始之前进行该步骤，原因如下：由于在加压或减压之前，压力缸1和目标室的压力通常并不是完全平衡，会存在有较小的压力差，这个较小的压力差会使得加压或减压中打开第二电磁阀6之后，引起第二电磁阀6左右两端的无气水的瞬间小幅度流动，从而影响进入目标室的无气水的体积的测量的准确性。因此，该步骤能够在打开第二电磁阀6之前对压力缸1和目标室的压力进行平衡调节，有效避免上述问题，从而提高试验的精度。This step is carried out before the pressurization or decompression process starts, the reason is as follows: because before the pressurization or decompression, the pressure of the pressure cylinder 1 and the target chamber are usually not completely balanced, there will be a small pressure difference, which is relatively small A small pressure difference will make the second electromagnetic valve 6 open during pressurization or decompression, causing a small instantaneous flow of anaerobic water at the left and right ends of the second electromagnetic valve 6, thereby affecting the volume of anaerobic water entering the target chamber. Accuracy of measurement. Therefore, this step can balance and adjust the pressure of the pressure cylinder 1 and the target chamber before opening the second electromagnetic valve 6, effectively avoiding the above-mentioned problems, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.
进一步地，在所述的步骤5中，温度传感器11测得压力缸1内的温度数据，实时修正压力缸1的进出水量，包括进出水的体积和质量。Further, in step 5, the temperature sensor 11 measures the temperature data inside the pressure cylinder 1, and corrects the water inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder 1 in real time, including the volume and quality of the water inflow and outflow.
本发明的装置可应用于土工三轴仪围压和反压的加载、土工三轴仪排水体积的测量、体变的量测以及常水头、变水头渗透试验。The device of the invention can be applied to the loading of the confining pressure and back pressure of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, the measurement of the drainage volume of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, the measurement of volume change, and the constant water head and variable water head penetration tests.
实施例：Example:
(一)本发明的装置应用于土工三轴仪围压系统的加载过程如下：(1) The loading process that the device of the present invention is applied to the geotechnical triaxial instrument confining pressure system is as follows:
步骤1：设置土工三轴仪压力室的目标压力P1为200kPa，目标压力P1与实际压力P2的压力差ΔP的允许误差设为ΔP'，本实施例中设为0.1kpa；向无气水容器5中注入无气水，无气水上页面设置矿物油与大气隔绝，将第一管路18与压力室入口相连，关闭第二电磁阀6，打开第一电磁阀4，并打开排气阀12，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10反转，带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体底端运动，无气水容器5中的无气水进入压力缸1内，系统中的空气通过排气孔13排出，关闭排气阀12和第一电磁阀4。Step 1: Set the target pressure P1 of the pressure chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument to 200kPa, and the allowable error of the pressure difference ΔP between the target pressure P1 and the actual pressure P2 is set to ΔP', which is set to 0.1kpa in this embodiment; Inject anaerobic water into the air-water container 5, set mineral oil on the airless water to isolate from the atmosphere, connect the first pipeline 18 with the inlet of the pressure chamber, close the second electromagnetic valve 6, open the first electromagnetic valve 4, and open the drain The air valve 12 and the digital control unit 8 control the reverse rotation of the stepping motor 10, driving the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, the anaerobic water in the anaerobic water container 5 enters the pressure cylinder 1, and the air in the system Discharge through the exhaust hole 13, close the exhaust valve 12 and the first solenoid valve 4.
步骤2：系统自检活塞2的位置：编码器9记录步进电机10的转动信息，并将该信息传输到数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8通过计算得到活塞2的位移信息，确定活塞2位于压力缸1内的位置，并判断活塞2是否位于压力缸1缸体两端，如果是，则打开第一电磁阀4，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10正转或反转，调整活塞2至压力缸1的缸体中部，使整个装置既可进行加压又可进行减压，关闭第一电磁阀4，转步骤3；否则，执行步骤3。Step 2: The system self-tests the position of piston 2: the encoder 9 records the rotation information of the stepper motor 10, and transmits the information to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 obtains the displacement information of the piston 2 through calculation, and determines the position of the piston 2. Position in the pressure cylinder 1, and judge whether the piston 2 is located at both ends of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, if so, open the first solenoid valve 4, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to rotate forward or reverse, and adjust the piston 2 to the middle of the pressure cylinder 1, so that the whole device can be pressurized and decompressed, close the first solenoid valve 4, and go to step 3; otherwise, go to step 3.
步骤3：数字控制单元8读取压力室的目标压力P1，第一水压力传感器7测得压力室内的实际压力P2，并将该压力信号反馈给数字控制单元8。Step 3: The digital control unit 8 reads the target pressure P 1 of the pressure chamber, the first water pressure sensor 7 measures the actual pressure P 2 in the pressure chamber, and feeds back the pressure signal to the digital control unit 8 .
步骤4：数字控制单元8判断压力差ΔP是否超过ΔP'，如果是，则执行步骤6；如果否，则转步骤5。Step 4: The digital control unit 8 judges whether the pressure difference ΔP exceeds ΔP', if yes, then execute step 6; if not, then go to step 5.
步骤5：数字控制单元8通过编码器9获得的活塞2实时位置信息，记录压力缸1的进出水量，以及压力室内的实际压力；转步骤9。Step 5: The digital control unit 8 uses the real-time position information of the piston 2 obtained by the encoder 9 to record the inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder 1 and the actual pressure in the pressure chamber; go to step 9.
步骤6：数字控制单元8判断目标压力P1是否大于实际压力P2，如果是则执行步骤7；如果否，则执行步骤8。Step 6: The digital control unit 8 judges whether the target pressure P 1 is greater than the actual pressure P 2 , if yes, execute step 7; if not, execute step 8.
步骤7：加压过程Step 7: Pressurization Process
步骤7.1：打开第二电磁阀6，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10正转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体顶端运动，将压力缸1内的无气水推出压力缸1，无气水经过第二电磁阀6，进入目标室内；Step 7.1: Open the second solenoid valve 6, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to rotate forward, and the ball screw drives the piston 2 to move to the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, pushing the airless water in the pressure cylinder 1 out of the pressure Cylinder 1, airless water enters the target chamber through the second solenoid valve 6;
步骤7.2：数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端，如果是，则执行步骤7.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 7.2: The digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, if yes, then perform step 7.3; if not, then go to step 5;
步骤7.3：数字控制单元8控制第二电磁阀6关闭，第一电磁阀4打开，控制步进电机10反转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1缸体底端运动，活塞2移动至压力缸1缸体中部，步进电机10停止转动，此过程为向压力缸1内充水的过程；转步骤5。Step 7.3: The digital control unit 8 controls the second solenoid valve 6 to close, the first solenoid valve 4 to open, controls the stepper motor 10 to reverse, and drives the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 through the ball screw, and the piston 2 moves To the middle of the pressure cylinder 1, the stepper motor 10 stops rotating, this process is the process of filling water into the pressure cylinder 1; go to step 5.
步骤8：减压过程Step 8: Decompression Process
步骤8.1：打开第二电磁阀6，数字控制单元8控制步进电机10反转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1的缸体底端运动，压力室内的水经过第二电磁阀6流入压力缸1内；Step 8.1: Open the second solenoid valve 6, the digital control unit 8 controls the stepper motor 10 to reverse, and the ball screw drives the piston 2 to move to the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1, and the water in the pressure chamber passes through the second solenoid valve 6 into the pressure cylinder 1;
步骤8.2：数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端，如果是，则执行步骤8.3；如果否，则转步骤5；Step 8.2: The digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, if yes, then execute step 8.3; if not, then go to step 5;
步骤8.3：数字控制单元8控制第二电磁阀6关闭，第一电磁阀4打开，控制步进电机10正转，通过滚珠丝杠带动活塞2向压力缸1缸体顶端运动，活塞2移动至压力缸1缸体中部，步进电机10停止转动，此过程为向压力缸1内充水的过程；转步骤5。Step 8.3: The digital control unit 8 controls the second solenoid valve 6 to close, the first solenoid valve 4 to open, and controls the stepper motor 10 to rotate forward, and the ball screw drives the piston 2 to move to the top of the pressure cylinder 1, and the piston 2 moves to In the middle of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder body, the stepper motor 10 stops rotating, and this process is the process of filling water into the pressure cylinder 1; go to step 5.
步骤9：如果试验达到结束标准，该标准可人为设定，可以设为试验时间为10小时，则试验结束；否则，转步骤3。Step 9: If the test reaches the end standard, the standard can be set manually, and the test time can be set as 10 hours, then the test ends; otherwise, go to step 3.
进一步地，所述的步骤7.2中数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端，具体实现方式如下：Further, in the step 7.2, the digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the cylinder body of the pressure cylinder 1, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
编码器9将活塞2的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8根据反馈的信息判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的顶端；或者，当活塞2处于压力缸1缸体的顶端时，第一光电传感器15将此信息传送到数字控制单元8。The encoder 9 feeds back the real-time position information of the piston 2 to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the top of the pressure cylinder 1 according to the feedback information; or, when the piston 2 is at the top of the pressure cylinder 1 When the top of the body is reached, the first photoelectric sensor 15 transmits this information to the digital control unit 8 .
进一步地，所述的步骤8.2中数字控制单元8获取活塞2的位置信息，并判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端，具体实现方式如下：Further, in the step 8.2, the digital control unit 8 obtains the position information of the piston 2, and judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder body, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
编码器9将活塞2的实时位置信息反馈给数字控制单元8，数字控制单元8根据反馈的信息判断活塞2的位置是否处于压力缸1缸体的底端；或者，当活塞2处于压力缸1缸体的顶端时，第二光电传感器16将此信息传送到数字控制单元8。The encoder 9 feeds back the real-time position information of the piston 2 to the digital control unit 8, and the digital control unit 8 judges whether the position of the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 cylinder according to the feedback information; or, when the piston 2 is at the bottom of the pressure cylinder 1 When the top of the cylinder is reached, the second photoelectric sensor 16 transmits this information to the digital control unit 8 .
进一步地，所述的步骤7.1和步骤8.1的打开第二电磁阀6之前，第二水压力传感器14测得压力缸1内的压力信息，并将压力信息传输到数字控制单元8，通过数字控制单元8控制步进电机10运转，带动活塞2在压力缸1内作往复运动，使使数字控制单元8接收到的第二水压力传感器14与第一水压力传感器7采集到的压力信息相等。Further, before the step 7.1 and step 8.1 of opening the second solenoid valve 6, the second water pressure sensor 14 measures the pressure information in the pressure cylinder 1, and transmits the pressure information to the digital control unit 8, through the digital control The unit 8 controls the operation of the stepping motor 10, drives the piston 2 to reciprocate in the pressure cylinder 1, and makes the pressure information collected by the second water pressure sensor 14 received by the digital control unit 8 equal to the pressure information collected by the first water pressure sensor 7.
进一步地，在所述的步骤5中，温度传感器11测得压力缸1内的温度数据，实时修正压力缸1的进出水量，包括进出水的体积和质量。Further, in step 5, the temperature sensor 11 measures the temperature data inside the pressure cylinder 1, and corrects the water inflow and outflow of the pressure cylinder 1 in real time, including the volume and quality of the water inflow and outflow.
(二)本发明的装置应用于土工三轴仪反压饱和土样的加压和减压的过程与土工三轴仪围压系统的加压和减压过程相同。(2) The process of applying the device of the present invention to the pressurization and decompression of the geotechnical triaxial counterpressure saturated soil sample is the same as the pressurization and decompression process of the geotechnical triaxial confining pressure system.
(三)本发明的装置用于土工三轴仪排水体积的测量(3) The device of the present invention is used for the measurement of the drainage volume of the geotechnical triaxial instrument
设置土工三轴仪内的目标压力为0kPa，将本发明的装置中的第一管路18与土工三轴仪排水孔相连，其加载过程土工三轴仪围压系统减压过程相同。Set the target pressure in the geotechnical triaxial instrument as 0kPa, connect the first pipeline 18 in the device of the present invention with the geotechnical triaxial instrument drainage hole, and the loading process of the geotechnical triaxial instrument confining pressure system decompression process is the same.
(四)本发明的装置应用于渗透试验(4) device of the present invention is applied to penetration test
常水头试验土样上下各安装一套本发明的装置，设土样上方的装置的目标压力为150kPa，土样下方的装置的目标压力为100kPa，目标压力与实际压力的压力差ΔP的设定值ΔP'为0.1kPa；A set of device of the present invention is respectively installed above and below the constant water head test soil sample. The target pressure of the device above the soil sample is 150kPa, and the target pressure of the device below the soil sample is 100kPa. The setting of the pressure difference ΔP between the target pressure and the actual pressure The value ΔP' is 0.1kPa;
水下渗时，上部水头压力会降低，当目标压力与实际压力差ΔP大于0.1kPa时，执行加压过程，向样品中持续注入水，以保持压力恒定。下部装置为保持压力恒定，执行减压过程。通过进出水量和压力差，利用达西定律可计算渗透系数。When the water infiltrates, the pressure of the upper head will decrease. When the difference between the target pressure and the actual pressure ΔP is greater than 0.1kPa, the pressurization process will be carried out, and water will be continuously injected into the sample to keep the pressure constant. The lower device performs a decompression process to keep the pressure constant. Through the inflow and outflow of water and pressure difference, the permeability coefficient can be calculated using Darcy's law.
变水头试验过程与常水头试验过程相同，区别在于土样上部水压可变化。The variable water head test process is the same as the constant water head test process, the difference is that the water pressure on the upper part of the soil sample can be changed.
(五)本发明的装置应用于定量向样品中注水(5) The device of the present invention is applied to quantitatively injecting water into the sample
利用本装置亦可通过控制注入样品的水量，进而控制样品的饱和度。The device can also control the saturation of the sample by controlling the amount of water injected into the sample.
将本发明的装置中的第一管路18与土工三轴仪压力室的土样相连，设置目标注水量，通过数字控制单元8，控制步进电机10以一定的速率向土样中缓慢注入无气水，并测定注水过程中，进入土样的水量及压力变化。Connect the first pipeline 18 in the device of the present invention to the soil sample in the pressure chamber of the geotechnical triaxial instrument, set the target water injection volume, and control the stepper motor 10 to inject slowly into the soil sample at a certain rate through the digital control unit 8 Airless water, and measure the water volume and pressure changes entering the soil sample during the water injection process.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105628498A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-01 | 大连理工大学 | Water discharge quantity continuous detection device based on dynamic balance work principle |
| CN105675397A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-15 | 大连理工大学 | Large-stroke displacement high-precision measuring device based on dynamic balance work principle |
| CN105628498B (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of displacement continuous detection apparatus based on dynamic balancing operation principle |
| CN113294310A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Automatic water-replenishing pressure controller with bidirectional pressurization function |
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| CN104749035B (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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