CN104747375A - Improved extra-large vertical-axis wind-driven turbine power generator system - Google Patents
Improved extra-large vertical-axis wind-driven turbine power generator system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for an extra-large vertical-axis wind-driven turbine power generation unit. The technology for the extra-large vertical-axis wind-driven turbine power generation unit has the advantages that a turbine is an extra-large unit with the power level higher than or equal to 10MW, double-blade and single-arm AerogeneratorX designs of a British Arup company are improved to obtain double-blade and double-arm triangular designs from the perspective of structural mechanics, and accordingly the shortcoming of low structural strength due to high shear stress of cantilever beams can be overcome; starting torque can be increased by the aid of the additional Savonius turbine, driving torque is stable owing to the additional Savonius turbine, and output power of the unit can be increased; a novel power generator and a novel motor converter technology are matched with each other, so that a large wind power system can be formed and becomes the extra-large vertical-axis wind power generation unit with integrated novel domestic and foreign technologies and high industrial implementation degrees.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical electric technical field, specifically, is propose the power-actuated generating system apparatus of a kind of employing vertical axis wind turbine.
Background technique
The wind turbine generator system be made up of wind turbine (also letter is wind turbine or blower fan below) is by the kinetic energy of wind for being applicable to the receptible mechanical energy of generator shaft, the generation of electricity by new energy device of then drive electrical generators rotation.In existing widely used horizontal shaft turbines, in wind-power electricity generation process, the production capacity of turbo machine be first important.Industrial practice proves, the increase of single-machine capacity, is conducive to reducing the cost of specific power electric motor power and the degree electricity cost of wind-power electricity generation.Therefore, unit rated power capacity constantly increases, the general MW class from last century end of single-machine capacity of horizontal shaft turbines is elevated to 3 ~ 6 current MW class, and develop to the target of 10 ~ 20 MW class at present, this is the general trend of wind power technology evolution in the recent period.
There is following many technical barriers in current super-huge wind turbine:
1, be 10MW level horizontal shaft turbines for single-machine capacity, its blade reaches 80 ~ 100 meters, three-hand type blade is cantilever beam structure, single-endedly be fixed on wheel hub, there is huge shearing stress, structural strength is low, easily for high wind damages, must adopt the carbon fibre material that structural strength is higher, materials and process cost is very high, also seems not enough in the vital capacity especially under the strong storm wind of opposing; In addition, along with the increase of power, generator increases the weight of, tower cylinder height increases, and electrically, tower cylinder and ground construction cost increases thereupon, makes that complete machine cost is anxious poly-ly to be raised;
If the Da Lie turbo machine of 2 employing 10MW level vertical shaftes, although blade is two-end bearing support, overcome the shortcoming of the single-ended supporting of overhang, but the length of its main shaft is probably more than hundred meters, for the low degree of rocking when guarantee is rotated and rigidity, its manufacture cost, by the main shaft much larger than horizontal axis, needs several advantage making vertical axis turbine omit horizontal axis set tower drum cost of the long main shaft of high strength rigidity to exhaust;
3, in addition, due to Da Lie vertical axis turbine self-starting scarce capacity, extra starting drive must be considered, particularly when low wind speed, unit self-starting scarce capacity, in addition, when the blade medial axis of two blade Da Lie turbo machines is identical with wind direction, even if wind speed is very large, also can not start, so the starting characteristic of Da Lie turbo machine is also the technical task improved that haves much room for improvement;
Although the cost of 4 two blade Da Lie turbo machines comparatively Three-blade or multiple-blade low, but in the whole 360 ° of rotation processes of blower fan, wind energy drives the moment of rotation fluctuation produced very serious, although it is [mild to can be the huge inertia institute of unit, but generated output power can be caused to change accordingly, directly will affect the quality of power supply.
Summary of the invention
The task that the present invention will solve is, for above four large technical barriers, solution of the present invention is the structure of the short main shaft Da Lie vertical axis turbine of employing two blade both arms fan blade; And at the near-end of both arms Da Lie fan blade, adopt S shape fan blade to improve starting capability and steady moment problem.
A kind of extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system, system forms primarily of turbo machine (1), generator (2), current transformer (3) and break (4), it is characterized in that, centered by turbo machine (1), axle place arranges two blade both arms Da Lie blade structures of the short main shaft (10) of S shape blade Sa Woniusi blower fan; What generator (2) was spoke formula or hollow-type structure directly drives major diameter generator; Break (4) is hybrid braking system.
According to the wind turbine that above-mentioned solution obtains, its blade is that triangularity both arms connect, and adds the strength and stiffness of blade, will effectively resist high wind invasion and attack; Main axis length significantly shortens, and not easily rocks and low cost of manufacture; S shape blade can effectively increase turbine start moment and reduce the fluctuation of turbine drives moment, and make unit energy easier starting-generating under lower wind speed, driving moment comparatively balances, and fluctuates little; Secondly, the blade that both arms connect adds that S shape blade can increase turbo machine cut-off wind ability, increases the output power of unit; The innovation of generator, current transformer and braking system is added together, and makes the overall performance of unit after industry manufactures play the technical advantage of super sized type blower fan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, traditional Da Lie vertical axis wind turbine sketch.
Fig. 2, open innovation in knowledge type half arm Da Lie blower fan profile view.
Structure diagram looked squarely by Fig. 3, open innovation in knowledge type half arm Da Lie blower fan.
Fig. 4, both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine of the present invention look squarely structure diagram.
The both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine of Fig. 5, band S shape blade of the present invention looks squarely structure diagram.
The both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine plan structure sketch of Fig. 6, band S shape blade.
Fig. 7, several Sa Woniusi blower fan S shape blade structure shape figure.
The major diameter permanent magnet direct-drive synchronous generator structure diagram of Fig. 8, band spoke.
Fig. 9, major diameter directly drive open-core type inductor generator structure diagram.
Figure 10, synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator schematic diagram.
Figure 11, turbine generator system brief block diagram of the present invention.。
Embodiment
Current large-scale wind electricity unit, Mainstream Packs is the horizontal axis double-fed type of 2-3MW.Horizontal axis wind turbine, be generally thin three needle ring epoxy resins blades, butt is fixed on wheel hub, is connected to main shaft by wheel hub, drives main shaft to rotate output mechanical energy, then by generator and current transformer, mechanical energy is become constant frequency and constant voltage electric energy input electrical network.Three-hand type blade adopts cantilever beam structure to fix, and cantilever beam structure blade shearing stress is large, and structural strength is low, and by wind effect easily damages, and this is the weakness that horizontal axis blower fan is the most fatal.Therefore, when power is increased to the 10MW level of superhigh power, blade must adopt the carbon fibre material that structural strength is higher, causes cost of material and process costs significantly to raise, more inadequate in the vital capacity especially under the strong storm wind of opposing.
The strong point of vertical axis wind turbine blade is many, particularly Φ type Da Lie blower fan, blade two end points obtains and enough supports, and shearing stress reduces greatly, and wind loading rating significantly strengthens, in addition, vertical shaft fan need not be gone off course to wind, and without gyroscopic effect moment during horizontal axis fan yaw, transmission and generator can be installed on the ground, save tower cylinder etc., superiority is obvious.
Vertical axis wind turbine has two large class---resistance type and lift-types, resistance type has plate, the various structures form such as vane type and S type, the main shaft both sides fan blade of resistance type produces counterrotating moment, so the wind resistance of both sides fan blade must be made to produce difference, utilize resistance difference to produce directional-rotation moment, resistance type has larger starting torque, but tip-speed ratio is low, under the prerequisite of wind wheel size, weight and cost-fixed, the power stage provided is low.Lift type adopts the blade of aerofoil profile usually, and main shaft both sides fan blade can produce equidirectional running torque, and its starting torque is lower, but tip-speed ratio can be very high, for given wind wheel weight and cost, having higher power stage, is the first-selected type of large-scale vertical blower fan.
Typical large-scale vertical turbo machine is invented the 1830's by French engineer Da Lie (G.J.M.Darrieus), is the first person to do of modern vertical axis wind turbines.At 20 century 70s, Canada National Inst. of Scientific Research, to this has been large quantifier elimination, becomes the main competitor of current horizontal axis wind-driven generator.Reaching inner luer wind wheel is a kind of lift-type turbine plant, and the section of curved vane is aerofoil profiles, develops into now variformly to reach inner luer wind-driven generator, as Φ type, and △ type, Y type and H type etc.These wind turbines are usually designed to two blades, Three-blade or multiple-blade, consider from the various factors such as performance, cost, and two blades or three-vaned Φ type Da Lie blower fan are used more.
Fig. 1 is traditional Φ type two blade Da Lie blower fan sketch.In figure, two panels semi-circle shape fan blade symmetry is connected to main shaft both sides, and due to the blade adopting both-end to connect, so turbo machine strength and stiffness are better than the cantilever beam structure of the single-ended connection of horizontal axis blower fan, sound construction stress is little.Vertical shaft fan does not need driftage to wind apparatus, and generator can be placed in lower position even can be placed on ground, this to installation and maintenance very favourable, above is all the advantage of vertical axis turbine.But the maximum structural disadvantages of Da Lie turbo machine is that its main shaft is oversize, so long main shaft, ensure that the overall intensity and toughness of turbo machine all exists difficulty, not only manufacture cost is very high, and in rotation process, how to prevent from rocking, be also the technical barrier needing quite to take energy solution.
For above technical barrier, first solution of the present invention abandons the horizontal shaft turbines of cantilever beam structure, selects the technology path of the two-end bearing support blade of Da Lie vertical shaft.
Horizontal axis blower fan develops into MW level and number MW level, and for this reason, various countries are also at the large-scale and super sized type vertical shaft fan exploring same high power levels.Through constantly exploring effort, the AerogeneratorX design that Arup company of Britain releases, gets lower semisection by Da Lie, then adds very little end fan blade on fan blade top, the covert Da Lie vertical axis turbine of one formed, so just eliminates the long main shaft of Da Lie blower fan.Parameter according to its open report is:
1, the distance between fan blade summit: 274 meters,
2, blade height: 183 meters, (can be regarded as length of blade is about 310 meters),
3, rotating speed: 3 revs/min,
4, tower head weight: about 500 tons,
5, rated power: 10MW.
From structure angle of science, the AerogeneratorX design of Britain, that great innovation has been carried out to French Da Lie prototype, be equivalent to Da Lie Φ type machine is omitted upper semisection and intercepts a kind of reduced form that lower semisection formed, thus eliminate tediously long main shaft, simplify through a kind of like this, the main shaft that expensive difficulty is done just has been cancelled, according to the reference drawing that the said firm issues, analyze the profile view of this unit and structure and look squarely sketch and see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively.
Roughly can analyze its basic structure from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is, square (also can be circular) basic platform lays generator, generator shaft has a flat Y shape wheel hub, the V-shaped y-bend of Y shape upper end inserts or installs main blade, and wheel hub lower end connects main shaft.Main blade is wing, and two blades are symmetrical centered by axle, and wing direction is contrary, and to produce the moment be in the same way added in equidirectional wind, two moments form common driving moment.The far-end of two blades is respectively installed pair of end portions and is assisted fan blade, auxiliary fan blade except middle part is connected with main blade, 4 elongate cylinder reinforcing structures in addition.
Analyze by above, the innovation that AerogeneratorX design is obtaining omission main shaft superiority is remarkable really, has remarkable progress.But also should see, while overcoming a shortcoming, another defect comes up again, and that is exactly that the cantilever beam structure of fan blade has been replied again, appear at the cantilever beam structure in AerogeneratorX design, this has recovered again intensity and toughness this large defect low of horizontal axis fan blade.
Target of the present invention is on the basis of method ounce state achievements of technology innovation, creates a kind of super sized type vertical axis wind turbine of firmer highly effective.Objectives are exactly do innovation to AerogeneratorX to improve.One of technology path improved first overcomes the defect of its cantilever beam structure, have employed both arms Da Lie fan blade, exactly single armed fan blade is changed into both arms fan blade.The far-end of both arms leaf blade is interconnected, and to eliminate thin cantilever beam structure, both arms form firmly triangular structure with short main shaft again, has recovered the due intensity and toughness of Φ type Da Lie turbo machine, but has turn eliminated the long main shaft of Φ type Da Lie.The near-end of both arms leaf blade is then fixed on the diverse location of main shaft top and the bottom, so the length of its main shaft is very short, shaking volume is little, and manufacture cost is also little.The position that two blade proximal end are fixed should a long way off a bit as well, and can reduce the eddy current interference that two blade disturbance air produce like this, reduce energy loss, raising turbo machine cuts energy efficiency.Certainly, mounting point is too far away from and main axis length can be made greatly to extend, and this has got back to again the drawback that Dary strategic point main turbine shaft is long, manufacture cost is high, so in engineering design, should choose suitable length, if according to AerogeneratorX design, optional main axis length is between 30 ~ 60 meters.Visible, 30 ~ 60 meters still very little relative to the length of blade being about 310 meters in AerogeneratorX design, so the main axis length that the present invention increases is limited, its degree of rocking and Economy all can be controlled within the scope of rational engineering and cost accounting, but the intensity and toughness advantage of both arms Da Lie fan blade appears undoubtedly.
Fig. 4 is that both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine of the present invention looks squarely structure diagram.In figure, (11) be the lower blade of Da Lie blower fan, (12) be the upper blade of Da Lie blower fan, the far-end of two blades is connected, the mode connected can adopt the permanent of special link to be fixedly connected with mode, also the fastening piece between two leaves on contact plane can be adopted to removably connect mode, is the former shown in figure.Upper and lower blade mutually can rely on after connecting with the form of both arms fan blade and support with rigidity of gaining in strength, overcome the defect of single-ended connecting cantilever beam structure, the near-end of two blades is then connected to lower end and the upper end of main shaft (10), becomes the situation that triangle supports mutually.Whole blower fan has two panels both arms fan blade, each both arms fan blade has upper and lower two blades, comprise blade and distal end connector is all aerofoil profile, all obtain the kinetic energy in wind by lift, independent link plays the Φ type two blade Da Lie blower fan that size may be equivalent to hundred kW levels, but because it is away from axle center, moment is larger, so power rises to the level of nearly kW level.As can be seen from the figure, after designed fan blade changes biplate into by monolithic, recover the intensity and toughness of basic Da Lie fan blade, it is the improvement to horizontal axis blower fan cantilever beam structure, the long main shaft of Da Lie blower fan also shortens dramatically simultaneously, visible, the present invention had both overcome horizontal axis blower fan or AerogeneratorX designs the inadequate shortcoming of blade cantilever beam structure intensity and toughness, overcomes again the long main shaft of Da Lie Φ type blower fan and rocks the shortcoming high with manufacture cost.
The improvement two that the present invention proposes, it is the problem needing the starting torque deficiency solving Da Lie vertical shaft fan, and the fluctuation problem of turbo machine moment in rotation process, this two large problem is technical problem specific to two blade Da Lie blower fans, is present in equally in AerogeneratorX design.
The scheme solving Da Lie blower fan starting problem increases S type impeller blower.S type impeller blower is also known as Sa Woniusi (Savonius) type vertical shaft fan, there is part lift, but main or resistance type, Sa Woniusi device has larger starting torque, in short main shaft both arms Da Lie blade structure of the present invention, increase S type fan blade, effectively can solve the starting problem of vertical shaft fan.
Fig. 5 is that the both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine of band S shape blade of the present invention looks squarely structure diagram.In figure, (131) be the upper end fixing frame of S shape blade, (132) be the lower end fixing frame of S shape blade, fixing frame can be rectangular, also can be circular or other suitable shapes, two fixing frames connected by main shaft (10), to ensure larger structure fastness, not by high wind is damaged.
Fig. 6 is the both arms Da Lie fan blade vertical axis turbine plan structure sketch of band S shape blade.In the Sa Woniusi blower fan assembly (13) be made up of S shape blade, include upper end fixing frame (131), lower end fixing frame (132) and two semicircle blades (133).Two semicircle blade inversion symmetry are arranged, point be listed in main shaft (10) both sides, and firmly implant two ends fixing frame, leave enough gaps between blade and main shaft, can freely flow out to make to enter in semicircle distinguished and admirable.
Because the present invention adopts the Da Lie blower fan of two blades, so a kind of structure, in wind direction and wind velocity one timing, the running torque produced by wind energy in turbine operation process constantly changes with angular orientation residing for blade, when the blade medial axis of blower fan is vertical with wind direction, moment is maximum; When the blade medial axis of blower fan runs to wind direction parallel position, the moment that turbo machine produces is minimum, and that is, when this position, starting torque is also almost nil.For Sa Woniusi S shape blade, also there is the phenomenon that the running torque that promoted by wind energy in operation process constantly changes in two blade blower fans, but when both arms Da Lie fan blade and S wind shape blade symmetry axis installation at a right angle, position is interlaced arrange time, namely the moment promoted by wind at both arms Da Lie fan blade is minimum position, is S shape blade blower fan wind pushing torque maximum position just; In like manner, at both arms Da Lie impeller blower wind pushing torque maximum position, be S shape blade wind pushing torque minimum position just.That is, the two symmetry axis is mutually vertical and moment direction is consistent, just can produce complementary effect, the overall driving force square of turbine system can be made to tend towards stability and balance, solve the 2nd in background technique and the 3rd problem.
Fig. 7 is several Sa Woniusi blower fan S shape blade shape figure.S shape blade shape has a significant impact for the cut-off wind efficiency of Sa Woniusi blower fan, running speed.Fig. 7 is only several concise and to the point example of the structure shape of S shape blade, does not represent all possible cases of design.Due to the capacity efficiency of the size and shape of S shape blade, will determine that this kind of turbine function obtains the quantity of mechanical energy from institute kinetic energy, so its requirement designed is very high.Particularly shape, on certain cost of material basis, the height of design level is most important, first will consider the wind thrust suffered by him, thrust is larger, and institute's wind energy that obtains is also large, next considers wind resistance, if blade is subject to wind thrust on one side usually, then another side blade is subject to wind resistance, and the difference of the two could form driving moment.The simplest blade shape is semicircle, as Fig. 7 a) shown in, semicircle blade can obtain maximum wind thrust with the material economized most, but its wind resistance is also very large, so be not optimal blade shape.Fig. 7 b) be oval or streamline vane, because the wind resistance of streamline vane is less, but wind thrust has nothing to do with streamline shape, so the difference of its wind thrust and wind resistance increases, cut-off wind ability is better than semicircle.Fig. 7 c) be the S shape blade of asymmetric limit shape, utilize the lift that asymmetric limit produces, the lifting force moment of S shape turbo machine can be increased better, improve wind energy transformation efficiency.Because S shape blade has the dissimilar production capacity characteristic of resistance type and lift-type two kinds concurrently, so by theoretical and experiment, can design various shape, the present invention can only coordinate the needs of 10WM Large-scale machine set, enumerate the example of three kinds of shapes, more shape can not be summarized.
About upper and lower end two pieces of fixing frames of S shape blade, what indicate in Fig. 5 is rectangular shape, is shown as three kinds of different shapes in the figure 7, such as, figure a) and figure be c) oval, and scheme b) to be irregularly shaped according to specific S shape blade, its cost of material is minimum.After the shape of S shape blade and position are determined, just can design certain shape of fixing frame, be in the target of saving material, alleviating complete machine weight, fixing frame also can adopt other structural members.The such as fixing frame of non-monoblock.
It is the important step that can flow chain of electric energy that generator is in the changes mechanical energy of turbo machine, so generator is also the vitals in whole system.Because the rotating speed of super sized type turbo machine is very low, and the large cost of the volume of low-speed generator is high, so existing high-power wind turbine unit adopts the technological scheme adding gear-box speedup, so just can adopt the generator that light weight is inexpensive, such as double feed wind power generator, double feed wind power generator is the type of current main flow.Certainly, adopting the high-speed alternator of gear-box, can reduce generator cost equally, is also a kind of reasonably selection.But gear-box speedup not only will increase the cost of gear-box, and the rate of fault of gear-box is high, maintaining cost is large.So three of the present invention's improvement is the scheme of more advanced low-speed direct driving generator adopting special construction.
It is synchronous generator machine that usual indication directly drives type, can be divided into permanent magnetism and the large type of excitation two by magnetic field difference.The efficiency of permanent magnetic motor is high, does not need brush, but output voltage adjusting function is poor, and output voltage is large with rotation speed change fluctuation, and manufacture cost is high.The generator output voltage adjusting function of excitation type machine is good, little, easy to manufacture with rotation speed change fluctuation by adjustment of field excitation output voltage, price is also lower, but because adding excitation power consumption, efficiency is slightly lower than permanent magnetic motor, also needing brush in addition, add fault and upkeep cost, is also its shortcoming.
In existing traditional direct wind-driven generator, common technology path adopts multipolar generator, and present invention employs the major diameter synchronous generator new structure of band spoke or the hollow stator not with spoke.
Fig. 8 is the major diameter permanent magnet direct-drive electric generator structure sketch of band spoke.This directly drives type and belongs to synchronous type, because rotation speed of fan is very low, cause the magnetic field of directly driving generator also very low to the cutting speed of armature winding, after adopting major diameter generator, magnetic field intercepts speed is increased, the output voltage of same number of turn winding raises, generator power doubles, but usual large diameter generator cost can increase in quadratic power ratio, and generator cost performance is reduced on the contrary.After adopting the major diameter motor of band spoke, then cost only increases in the ratio more slightly larger than first power, so generator cost increases close to linear scale, generator Economy is high.Major diameter electric machine structure with spoke is exactly replace overall stator structure with spoke stator frame, increase motor diameter, save the cost of silicon steel plate, and in addition, between spoke, void enlargement heat-dissipating space, is also convenient to personnel and enters motor internal maintenance and inspection.Major diameter electric generator structure with spoke is both suitable for external rotor driving mode, is also applicable to internal rotor driving mode, but what internal rotor adopted is rotor spoke instead of stator spoke.
Fig. 8 is the axial view of this synchronous generator, in fig. 8, adopts the band spoke stator structure of external rotor driving mode.For magneto, rotor rim (24) is inlaid with multipole permanent magnet (25), usually the Neodymium-Iron-Boron super magnet all adopting magnetic energy product larger, magnet polarity S and N is extremely staggered to be symmetrically distributed in rotor rim, the magnetic pole described in figure is salient pole structure, also can make non-salient pole structure.Stator yoke (22) upper punch cuts many wire casings, is inlaid with armature winding (23) in wire casing.(21) be the spoke of motor stator, the main shaft that (10) are turbine electricity generation system.(20) be the main bearing between main shaft and stator.This synchronous generator scheme also can adopt internal rotor on drive form, but internal rotor can only add spoke on rotor, has nothing to do with stator.Structurally generator also can adopt the hollow stator not with spoke, and magnetic field structure also can adopt excitation type, and often kind of different structure inconvenience is at this---exemplify.
Fig. 9 is that the hollow stator major diameter not with spoke directly drives inductor generator structure diagram.Stator does not rely on spoke and keeps the spatial relationship with rotating shaft, but determine the spatial position with axle center by fixing stator frame, rotor is then located on stator frame, thus the space in larger portion is formed at the core of motor, there are broader heat radiation and working surface, such as can in stator interior for arranging heat radiation facility, to improve the temperature characteristic of motor, being beneficial to motor increases power stage.The hollow stator major diameter structure of Fig. 9 goes for inductor generator, is also applicable to synchronous generator.
Inductor generator is-kind of brushless structure motor, magnetic field and winding are all on stator, rotor rim only there are tooth and groove, the little permeability of magnetic resistance of teeth portion is high, the magnetic resistance die not easily magnetic conduction in groove portion, when the rotor is turning, tooth and groove, alternately across winding face, make magnetic current in winding change thus induced voltage outside output current in the windings.(24) have tooth (25 ') to rotor rim.The interchange wire casing that stator yoke (22) has punching to go out and direct current wire casing, be inlaid with respectively in wire casing and exchange winding (23 ') and DC excitation winding (26).Inductor generator also has permanent-magnet type, change DC excitation winding into permanent magnet just can work, permanent magnet is arranged on stator equally, and N pole is alternately adjacent with S pole, be symmetrically distributed in stator excircle surface, N pole and S extremely middle being then furnished with exchange winding (23 ').
The hollow parts that (21 ') is motor stator, main shaft (10) Wai Youyige insulation blocking district (211 ') is in case people in spline axle and stator and thing collide, and the main shaft of turbine electricity generation system passes through generator central part.The main shaft of turbo machine also can be designed to the structural type of no longer passing through generator unit stator, and that arranges 2 bearings on generator top, such mechanism exactly, is called full hollow-core construction stator.What indicate in figure is semi-hollow structure stator, because also have a bearing in motor lower portion, so axle must pass through generator.The hollow stator inductor generator of Fig. 9 must adopt outer-rotor structure, certainly also can adopt inner rotor core, but inner rotor core can only become sleeve rotor, cannot become hollow-core construction stator, because this space is occupied by rotor.
Generator of the present invention, except two kinds of generators of setting forth above, can also adopt the third generator, is called " synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator ".Synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator is formed by connecting by synchronous generator and asynchronous winding formula generator two motor coaxles, and this connection comprises mechanical connection and electrical connection, and namely the rotor windings of two motors is connected to each other.This machine easily obtains high-power output, and voltage regulation capability is strong, adjusting function is good, it is again natural brushless type, even if excitation type machine does not also need brush, this is its significant advantage, very be applicable to 10MW unit, as long as add after unit that the asynchronous winding formula motor of same number of poles just can become the generator of 10MW output because directly drive at original 5MW.
Figure 10 is synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator schematic diagram.Synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine is also known as PCT generator, PCT is the abbreviation of pole combination technique (Poles Combination Technology), and the magnetic pole of low speed multipolar generator is splitting in two motor bodies to reach the object of multipolarization and non-brushing by original meaning.In figure, the left side rotor of PCT forms a pivot-rotatable type excitation type synchronous generator, and exciting winding is in stator terminal, and epitrochanterian armature winding is by three-phase AC power contrary with rotary speed direction for output one group of its rotating field.Figure 10 right-hand part rotor is an asynchronous winding formula generator, and structure is similar to traditional dual-feed asynchronous wind power generator, and rotor windings is input end, and staor winding is output terminal.
As can be seen from Figure 10, if synchronizer rotor windings is connected with asynchronous machine rotor windings negative-phase sequence, the electric power so exported by synchronizer will produce one and the equidirectional rotating magnetic field of rotating speed in asynchronous machine rotor, this rotating magnetic field will speed up the armature winding of cutting asynchronous machine stator, staor winding will export the electric power doubled, and the mechanism of secondary electricity generation is achieved.At this moment, if the number of pole-pairs of two generators is respectively P1 and P2, so this PCT synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine is just equivalent to the common electric excitation type synchronous generator that a number of pole-pairs is (P1+P2).The structural principle of PCT synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine is applicable to permanent magnet direct-drive structure equally, can transform by implementation structure as long as use permanent magnet instead after being removed by the magnetic field winding in Figure 10 synchronous generator.
The magnetic field of synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine is on stator, and without the need to electric brush slip ring, once after generating, synchronizer rotor electric energy can pass through the stator output of asynchronous machine below; For asynchronous machine later, although the rotor of existing traditional double-fed generator also must have electric brush slip ring, be used for carrying slip power, but in synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine, the feed of asynchronous machine rotor portion, by chance directly can be provided, certainly also without the need to electric brush slip ring by synchronous generator rotor winding above.So be not difficult to find out, the rotor function of synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine, has all been transferred on second half stator of series connection unit.In essence, without any need for electronic device on synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine rotor, there is natural brushless functionality advantage, so the reliability of synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation machine far wins the existing any no-brush synchronous generator needing rotating rectifier.
The concrete structure of synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator, refers to ZL200420091099.2 " the asthenic wind-driven generator of low-speed toothless roller box Direct driver ".
In the example of three major types electric generator structure proposed in the above, stator structure can be the band major diameter of spoke or the hollow stator major diameter generator not with spoke, each generator both can be permanent-magnet type or excitation type, magnetic pole is salient pole structure, also can make non-salient pole structure, also may be external rotor type or inner-rotor type.
Figure 11 is turbine generator system brief block diagram of the present invention.In figure, kinetic energy in wind is intercepted by wind turbine (1), produce the mechanical energy of turbo machine, this mechanical energy input generator (2), be converted into electric energy, because high-power wind turbine system all adopts Variable speed turbines technology path, so the voltage of generator output AC electricity and frequency all fluctuate with the change of wind speed, the function of constant frequency and constant voltage just drops on current transformer (3).The break (4) of simultaneity factor is also absolutely necessary.
Current transformer of the present invention adopts electronics unsteady flow or motor unsteady flow, the effect of current transformer is that the Ac of the variable-frequency variable-voltage of generator output is changed into the constant frequency and constant voltage Ac that can enter electrical network, be the final tache of Energy transmission chain, directly had influence on the quality exporting electric energy.First by rectifier, Ac must be changed into direct current in electronic inverter, then this direct current is converted to the Ac of constant frequency and constant voltage.For can not the permanent-magnet generator of pressure regulation; because generator output voltage fluctuates up and down by rotation speed change; usually also need a DC booster to maintain the stable of VDC, then by inverter, direct current is changed into constant frequency and constant voltage Ac input electrical network GRID.Inverter is usually with the work of four-quadrant PWM or SPWM pulse width modulation mode, and both exportable active power, also exportable necessarily idle, help electrical network ME for maintenance to stablize, therefore, current transformer must meet electrical network Grid-connection standards, has low voltage ride-through function.Traditionally, the present invention can adopt electronic inverter AC/DC/AC.
Four of improvement of the present invention adopts motor current transformer, described motor current transformer is not electric-generating Current transform unit in the past, because electric-generating Current transform unit must have the cost of two motors, through secondary electromechanical energy conversion, so unit cost-effective rate is low, can not compare favourably with electronic inverter, and the New-type electric machine unsteady flow that the present invention proposes is, first the AC rectification of frequency and voltage change is become direct current, by DC booster stable DC voltage, DC/AC electrical energy changer is realized finally by single armature, be equivalent to directly the direct current copped wave change of current be become Ac, the power factor of regulation output Ac then adopts the large mode of change VDC to complete.Converter system only has the cost of electric-generating Current transform unit half, and its conversion mechanism is also directly become Ac to direct current copped wave phase-splitting by engine commutator, there is not energy converting between mechanical and the energy loss caused by conversion, there is the technical advantage of low-cost high-efficiency, can compete completely mutually with electronic inverter, and other larger technical advantages of motor current transformer have: voltage suffered by motor, rush of current ability, the performances such as instantaneous heat load-taking capacity are all far above power electronic devices, so its reliability is better than electronic inverter, low voltage crossing performance (LVRT) surmounts electronic inverter more greatly, in addition, the commutator segment of motor current transformer reaches hundreds of sheet, the harmonic content produced during switching is little, be pure sine wave mostly, and power electronic devices is expensive, the change of current number of devices used is limited, cause in conversion process and occur a large amount of harmonic wave, not only increase wave filter cost, also may cause electromagnetic pollution to electrical network, electromagnetic interference is caused to other grid-connected facilities.About the detailed content of motor current transformer and concrete structure can consult 201210420878.1 " DC/AC self coupling inverter generator " Patents file, need not discuss at this.
Break (4) in Figure 11 is also the requisite vitals of large-scale vertical wind-powered electricity generation turbo machine.During system maintenance, system must be made to guarantee not rotate to protect personal safety by break, when meeting with especially big high wind, if make system quiesce not in time, or wind sheltering with the wind, system is probably destroyed by high wind, and the major accident of fatal crass even occurs.Because the rotary inertia of turbo machine is much larger than the rotary inertia summation of other electromechanical components, so the braking difficulty of present system is very big, native system adopts hybrid-type braking system for this reason.Hybrid-type braking system is made up of electromagnetic whirlpool brake, mechanical friction break, contracting brake three parts.Consume high speed rotating energy mainly through electromagnetic whirlpool brake, slowly run during mechanical friction break then consumes energy, finally to be stopped parking by contracting brake.Electromagnetic whirlpool brake there is automatic water jetting cooling device, to eliminate a large amount of heat energy that break produces, reach the effect of effective brake and protection break.
Lower blade in the present invention, as being about the yardstick of 310 meters according in AerogeneratorX design, so add the wind energy summation that upper blade, the Φ type blade of joint, end and S shape blower fan are intercepted and captured, through optimal design, increase after complete machine power probably double than prototype, reach the level of 20MW.Or alternatively, overall dimension is reduced by proper proportion, the span reaches the scale of about about 200 meters, total output is made to reach the level of 10MW, so, enforcement difficulty of the present invention is little, cost is low and performance index will more than the prototype of AerogeneratorX (hereinafter referred to as the former).
First be that the single armed beam structure solving the former bears shearing stress greatly, the problem that intensity and toughness is low, the withstand strong wind ability making this novel increases, existence life.Secondly, owing to adding S shape blower fan, unit can be made to increase starting capability, increase the complementary power of two kinds of blower fans, make the pushing torque more equalization stable of blower fan in the operation period in the present invention, system cloud gray model is more steady, system architecture part alternating stress reduces, and power generating quality improves.Finally, comprise the application of electric new technology of generator, current transformer, the such as lifting of generating, unsteady flow power, the raising of low voltage crossing performance, many system electrical performance indexes such as the reduction of mains by harmonics all improved, and this promotes the global wind power technology of promotion, Wind Power Generation Industry development, and then alleviates carbon emission, maintain the ecological balance, contribute all to some extent.
Claims (10)
1. the extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system be made up of turbo machine (1), generator (2), current transformer (3) and break (4), it is characterized in that, centered by turbo machine (1), axle place arranges two blade both arms Da Lie blade structures of the short main shaft (10) of S shape blade Sa Woniusi blower fan; What generator (2) was spoke formula or hollow-type structure directly drives major diameter generator; Break (4) is hybrid braking system.
2. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, is characterized by, and the far-end of both arms leaf blade is interconnected, and to eliminate thin cantilever beam structure, both arms form firmly triangular structure with short main shaft again; The near-end of both arms leaf blade is then fixed on the diverse location of main shaft top and the bottom, and long main shaft is shortened to short main shaft (10); Far-end connects the permanent structure for special link, or the fastening piece between two leaves on contact plane connects.
3. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1 or claim 2, is characterized by, and is 30 ~ 60 meters to main shaft (10) length of 10MW turbogenerator design.
4. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, it is characterized by, two semicircle blade inversion symmetry of the S type fan blade Sa Woniusi blower fan at axle center place are arranged, point be listed in main shaft (10) both sides, and firmly implant two ends fixing frame, leave enough gaps between blade and main shaft, can freely flow out to make to enter in semicircle distinguished and admirable; The symmetry axis of S type fan blade Sa Woniusi blower fan is mutually vertical with the symmetry axis of Da Lie blower fan and consistent by sealing opplied moment direction.
5. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, is characterized by, and Sa Woniusi blower fan S shape blade shape is the lift-type on semicircle, oval or streamlined or asymmetric limit.
6. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, is characterized by, the synchronous generator that generator (2) is direct-driving type, inductor generator or synchronous/asynchronous secondary electricity generation wind-driven generator.
7. claim 1 or extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 6, it is characterized by, generator (2) both can be permanent-magnet type or excitation type, and magnetic pole is salient pole structure, also can make non-salient pole structure, also may be external rotor type or inner-rotor type.
8. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, is characterized by, and current transformer (3) can be electronic inverter or motor current transformer.
9. claim 1 or extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 8, is characterized by, and current transformer (3) is DC/AC self coupling inverter generator.
10. extra-large-size vertical-shaft wind turbine generator system according to claim 1, it is characterized by, break (4) is hybrid-type braking system, hybrid-type braking system is made up of electromagnetic whirlpool brake, mechanical friction break, contracting brake three parts, the division of labor is collaborative, completes whole braking process.
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