CN104718878A - Straw harvest smashing and recycling machine - Google Patents
Straw harvest smashing and recycling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718878A CN104718878A CN201510153039.1A CN201510153039A CN104718878A CN 104718878 A CN104718878 A CN 104718878A CN 201510153039 A CN201510153039 A CN 201510153039A CN 104718878 A CN104718878 A CN 104718878A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机，包括拨禾轮、切割总成、喂入总成、输送总成、粉碎总成、排草总成、传动机构和机架。本发明整机采用框架式结构，可拆式组合机构，功能多、能耗低、作业效率高。可以实现大规模留茬收割、秸秆收获、粉碎、还田等多种功能。一次作业可以同时完成秸秆捡拾、割茬、粉碎、撒布或收集存储等多项作业，可节省作业时间，降低作业费用，能够满足大田大量作业的要求。
The invention discloses a straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine, which comprises a reel, a cutting assembly, a feeding assembly, a conveying assembly, a crushing assembly, a grass discharge assembly, a transmission mechanism and a frame. The whole machine of the present invention adopts a frame structure and a detachable combined mechanism, has multiple functions, low energy consumption and high operating efficiency. It can realize multiple functions such as large-scale stubble harvesting, straw harvesting, crushing, and returning to the field. One operation can complete multiple operations such as straw picking, stubble cutting, crushing, spreading or collecting and storing at the same time, which can save operating time and reduce operating costs, and can meet the requirements of a large number of operations in the field.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于农业机械技术领域，特别涉及一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机。 The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine.
背景技术 Background technique
随着我国农村经济和农业机械化的快速发展,水稻、小麦及玉米等农作物秸秆的有效利用率急剧下降,大量的秸秆被废弃或焚烧,造成了资源的严重浪费和污染,因此,急需寻找出农作物秸秆有效合理利用的措施与途径。农作物秸秆粉碎还田有利于提高土壤的有机质和养分含量,改善土壤物理性状,提高土壤的生物活性,有明显的增产效果。因此，开发利用秸秆，已成为解决农作物秸秆利用的主要途径，已成为农业生产资源开发的新焦点。秸秆资源数量巨大，开发价值高，开发利用前景十分可观。 With the rapid development of my country's rural economy and agricultural mechanization, the effective utilization rate of crop straws such as rice, wheat and corn has dropped sharply, and a large amount of straws have been discarded or burned, resulting in serious waste and pollution of resources. Measures and approaches for effective and rational utilization of straw. Crop straw crushing and returning to the field is conducive to increasing the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil, improving the physical properties of the soil, increasing the biological activity of the soil, and has a significant effect of increasing yield. Therefore, the development and utilization of straw has become the main way to solve the utilization of crop straw, and has become a new focus of the development of agricultural production resources. The quantity of straw resources is huge, the development value is high, and the prospect of development and utilization is very considerable.
然而目前我国推广应用的秸秆粉碎还田机,存在着作业负荷大、粉碎效果差、工作效率和使用效益低等问题,不能满足联合收割机作业后秸秆和高留茬粉碎还田的需求。因此,急需研究开发一种新型秸秆粉碎还田机。专利CN203353212U公开了一种大型秸秆粉碎还田机，该实用新型秸秆粉碎还田机秸秆粉碎效果较好，但是该机只能实现对秸秆的粉碎，不能实现联合收割机高留茬秸秆的收获以及粉碎后秸秆的回收。专利CN1O3688677A公开了一种秸秆粉碎还田机，该秸秆粉碎还田机通过高速旋转的弧形割刀将秸秆粉碎,粉碎的秸秆就地还田,解决了现有秸秆粉碎还田机其粉碎刀片(甩刀)与地面成垂直状态,对于地面上直立的秸秆无法达到粉碎还田效果的问题，但是该机不具备秸秆收集和留茬收割功能，带来的秸秆粉碎效率低、粉碎刀易缠草，不能满足大田大规模作业的需求。 However, the straw crushing and returning machines popularized and applied in my country at present have problems such as large operating load, poor crushing effect, low work efficiency and use efficiency, and cannot meet the needs of straw and high stubble crushing and returning to the field after the operation of the combine harvester. Therefore, it is urgent to research and develop a new type of straw crushing and returning machine. Patent CN203353212U discloses a large-scale straw crushing and returning machine. This utility model straw crushing and returning machine has a better straw crushing effect, but this machine can only realize the crushing of straw, and cannot realize the harvesting of high stubble straw of the combine harvester and the Recycling of crushed straw. Patent CN1O3688677A discloses a straw crushing and returning machine. The straw crushing and returning machine crushes the straw through a high-speed rotating arc cutter, and the crushed straw is returned to the field on the spot, which solves the problem of the crushing blade of the existing straw crushing and returning machine. (Swinging knife) is perpendicular to the ground. For the problem that the upright straw on the ground cannot be crushed and returned to the field, but this machine does not have the functions of straw collection and stubble harvesting, which brings about low efficiency of straw crushing and easy entanglement of the crushing knife. Grass cannot meet the needs of large-scale operations in the field.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机,以能够满足大田大规模作业需求，实现秸秆留茬收割、收获、粉碎、还田等功能的高效秆收获粉碎还田。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine, which can meet the needs of large-scale operations in the field, and realize the functions of straw stubble harvesting, harvesting, crushing, and returning to the field.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案： To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机，包括机架(9)、拨禾轮(6)、切割总成(11)、喂入总成(4)、输送总成(3)、粉碎总成(2)、排草总成(1)、传动机构(12)、行走轮(10)，其特征在于： A straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine, comprising a frame (9), a reel (6), a cutting assembly (11), a feeding assembly (4), a conveying assembly (3), a crushing assembly (2 ), grass discharge assembly (1), transmission mechanism (12), road wheels (10), are characterized in that:
所述拨禾轮(6)安装于整机前端，所述切割总成(11)位于拨禾轮(6)下面，拨禾轮(6)与切割总成(11)二者置于左右侧板(5)下部； The reel (6) is installed at the front end of the whole machine, the cutting assembly (11) is located under the reel (6), and the reel (6) and the cutting assembly (11) are placed on the left and right sides The lower part of the plate (5);
所述喂入总成(4)安装在切割总成(11)后面，且喂入总成(4)、输送总成(3)、粉碎总成(2)为依次向上倾斜布置； The feeding assembly (4) is installed behind the cutting assembly (11), and the feeding assembly (4), the conveying assembly (3), and the crushing assembly (2) are sequentially arranged upwards;
所述排草总成(1)安装于整机后部，排草下管道(1-2)下口与排草风机(1-1)的出风口对齐，排草下管道(1-2)的上口与排草上管道(1-3)的下口通过螺栓组联接。 The grass discharge assembly (1) is installed at the rear of the complete machine, the lower outlet of the grass discharge pipe (1-2) is aligned with the air outlet of the grass discharge fan (1-1), and the grass discharge lower pipe (1-2) The upper opening of the top and the lower opening of the grass discharge upper pipeline (1-3) are connected by a bolt group.
整机前端设有悬挂装置(8)和落地支撑杆(7)，悬挂装置(8)前端的联接销孔(8-1)与拖拉机后悬挂装置联接，悬挂装置(8)后端与机架(9)固定联接，落地支撑杆(7)安放在套筒(8-2)内，套筒(8-2)固定在悬挂装置(8)前端。 The front end of the whole machine is provided with a suspension device (8) and a floor support rod (7), the connecting pin hole (8-1) at the front end of the suspension device (8) is connected with the rear suspension device of the tractor, and the rear end of the suspension device (8) is connected with the frame (9) fixed connection, ground support rod (7) is placed in the sleeve (8-2), and sleeve (8-2) is fixed on the suspension device (8) front end.
机架(9)顶部前端安装有排草上管道支撑架(1-4)；能实现：松开排草下管道(1-2)与排草上管道(1-3)之间的连接螺栓，旋转排草上管道(1-3)180度，用连接螺栓将排草上管道(1-3)底部重新固定于排草下管道(1-2)上端，排草上管道(1-3)排草口能支撑在排草上管道支撑架(1-4)上。 The front end of the top of the frame (9) is equipped with a grass discharge upper pipe support frame (1-4); it can realize: loosen the connecting bolts between the grass discharge lower pipe (1-2) and the grass discharge upper pipe (1-3) , rotate the upper grass discharge pipe (1-3) 180 degrees, use the connecting bolts to re-fix the bottom of the grass discharge upper pipe (1-3) to the upper end of the grass discharge lower pipe (1-2), and the grass discharge upper pipe (1-3 ) Grass discharge port can be supported on the pipeline support frame (1-4) on the grass discharge.
安装在动力输出轴(25)上的主动带轮Ⅰ(24)直径比安装在粉碎刀辊(2-2)一端的从动带轮Ⅰ(28)直径大，粉碎刀辊(2-2)的转速在1000转/分钟以上。 The diameter of the driving pulley I (24) installed on the power output shaft (25) is larger than the diameter of the driven pulley I (28) installed at one end of the crushing knife roller (2-2), and the diameter of the crushing knife roller (2-2) The rotation speed is above 1000 rpm.
本发明的工作过程如下：作业时，拨禾轮将地面上的秸秆拨向切割总成，割刀将作物秸秆割下后，由拨禾轮拨给喂入滚筒，喂入滚筒将割下的作物秸秆集中起来，并由喂入滚筒上的伸缩扒指将作物秸秆送给倾斜输送器，倾斜输送器把秸秆送入输送总成，然后在输送风机的作用下将作物秸秆输送给粉碎总成，在粉碎刀辊动力的作用下，动刀片和定刀片将送来的作物秸秆切碎，粉碎后的作物秸秆顺着外罩壳落入机箱底部。在排草风机的作用下，粉碎的秸秆通过排草下管道被排出，并沿着排草上管道被撒布在田地。当机器不工作时，可把排草上管道旋转180度支撑在排草管道支撑架上，既能防止排草管道的损坏又能减少机器的占用空间，便于存放。此外，当机器不工作时，还可将机器前端落地支撑杆放下，以大大减少收获装置与地面的接触力，防止机器损坏。 The working process of the present invention is as follows : during operation, the reel moves the stalks on the ground to the cutting assembly, and after the cutting knife cuts off the crop stalks, the reel transfers the stalks to the feeding drum, and the feeding drum feeds the cut stalks The crop stalks are collected and sent to the inclined conveyor by the telescopic fingers on the feeding drum, and the inclined conveyor sends the stalks to the conveying assembly, and then conveys the crop stalks to the crushing assembly under the action of the conveying fan , under the action of the power of the crushing knife roller, the moving blade and the fixed blade chop the sent crop stalks, and the crushed crop stalks fall into the bottom of the machine along the outer casing. Under the action of the grass discharge fan, the crushed straw is discharged through the grass discharge lower pipe and spread on the field along the grass discharge upper pipe. When the machine is not working, the upper grass discharge pipe can be rotated 180 degrees and supported on the grass discharge pipe support frame, which can not only prevent damage to the grass discharge pipe, but also reduce the occupied space of the machine and facilitate storage. In addition, when the machine is not working, the ground support rod at the front end of the machine can also be lowered to greatly reduce the contact force between the harvesting device and the ground and prevent the machine from being damaged.
本发明的优点在于：本发明秸秆收获粉碎还田机与大型拖拉机配套使用，可以满足大田大规模高效作业需求，一次作业可以同时完成秸秆捡拾、割茬、粉碎、撒布等多项作业，可实现单位时间内秸秆的大量输送，避免拥堵；且有限空间内秸秆的粉碎更彻底，切碎的短秸秆可以快速腐烂，实现秸秆肥料化利用。 The advantage of the present invention is that : the straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine of the present invention is used together with a large tractor, which can meet the large-scale and high-efficiency operation requirements of the field. One operation can simultaneously complete multiple operations such as straw picking, stubble cutting, crushing, and spreading, which can realize A large number of straws are transported per unit time to avoid congestion; and the crushing of straws in a limited space is more thorough, and the chopped short straws can rot quickly, realizing the fertilizer utilization of straws.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1: 本发明装置主视图。 Figure 1: Front view of the device of the present invention.
图2：本发明装置剖视图。 Figure 2: Sectional view of the device of the present invention.
图3: 本发明装置传动机构简图1。 Fig. 3: the schematic diagram 1 of the transmission mechanism of the device of the present invention.
图4：本发明装置传动机构简图2。 Fig. 4: Diagram 2 of the transmission mechanism of the device of the present invention.
图中： 1.排草总成 1-1.排草风机 1-2.排草下管道 1-3排草上管道2.粉碎总成 2-1.动刀片 2-2.粉碎刀辊 2-3.定刀片 2-4.外罩壳 3.输送总成 3-1.输送风机 3-2.倾斜输送器 3-3.上罩壳 4.喂入总成 4-1.伸缩扒指 4-2.喂入滚筒 4-3.滚筒盖板5.左右侧板 6.拨禾轮 6-1.拨禾轮轴 7.落地支撑杆 8.悬挂装置 8-1联接销孔 8-2套筒 9机架 10行走轮 11切割总成 11-1.割刀驱动轴 11-2.平衡块 11-3.驱动臂 11-4.弧形弯臂 11-5.割刀支架 11-6.割刀12.传动机构 13.齿轮变速箱 14.主动带轮Ⅲ 15.张紧装置 16.带传动装置 17.皮带Ⅲ 18.从动带轮 19.带传动装置 20.张紧装置 21.皮带 22.从动带轮 23.主动带轮 24.主动带轮 25.动力输出轴26.带传动装置 27.皮带 28.从动带轮 29.主动带轮 30.带传动装置 31.皮带 32.张紧装置 33.从动带轮 34.从动带轮 35.带传动装置 36.张紧装置 37.皮带 38.主动带轮 39.带传动装置 40.从动带轮 41.张紧装置 42.皮带。 In the figure: 1. Grass discharge assembly 1-1. Grass discharge fan 1-2. Grass discharge lower pipe 1-3 Grass discharge upper pipe 2. Crushing assembly 2-1. Moving blade 2-2. Crushing knife roller 2 -3. Fixed blade 2-4. Outer casing 3. Conveying assembly 3-1. Conveying fan 3-2. Inclined conveyor 3-3. Upper casing 4. Feeding assembly 4-1. Telescopic finger 4 -2. Feeding roller 4-3. Drum cover 5. Left and right side panels 6. Reel 6-1. Reel shaft 7. Floor support rod 8. Suspension device 8-1 Connecting pin hole 8-2 Sleeve 9 Frame 10 Walking Wheel 11 Cutting Assembly 11-1. Cutter Drive Shaft 11-2. Balance Weight 11-3. Drive Arm 11-4. Arc Bend Arm 11-5. Cutter Bracket 11-6. Cutting Knife 12. Transmission mechanism 13. Gear box 14. Driving pulley Ⅲ 15. Tensioning device 16. Belt drive 17. Belt Ⅲ 18. Driven pulley 19. Belt drive 20. Tensioning device 21. Belt 22. Driven pulley 23. Driving pulley 24. Driving pulley 25. Power output shaft 26. Belt transmission device 27. Belt 28. Driven pulley 29. Driving pulley 30. Belt drive 31. Belt 32. Tensioning device 33. Driven pulley 34. Driven pulley 35. Belt drive 36. Tensioning device 37. Belt 38. Driving pulley 39. Belt drive 40. Driven pulley 41. Tensioning device 42. Belt .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机做进一步说明。 A straw harvesting, crushing and field returning machine of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1、图2所示：一种秸秆收获粉碎还田机，由机架9和由前向后依次装配于机架9上的拨禾轮6、切割总成11、喂入总成4、输送总成3、粉碎总成2、排草总成1和传动机构12组成。 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: a straw harvesting, crushing and returning machine consists of a frame 9 and a reel 6 assembled on the frame 9 from front to back, a cutting assembly 11, and a feeding assembly 4 , delivery assembly 3, crushing assembly 2, grass discharge assembly 1 and transmission mechanism 12 are formed.
作业时，拨禾轮6将作物秸秆拨向切割总成11，割刀11-6将作物秸秆割下后，由拨禾轮6拨给喂入总成4，喂入滚筒4-2将割下的作物秸秆集中起来，并由喂入滚筒4-2上的伸缩扒指4-1将作物秸秆送给倾斜输送器3-2，然后在输送风机3-1的作用下将作物秸秆输送给粉碎总成2，在动力的作用下，动刀片2-1和定刀片2-3将送来的作物秸秆切碎，粉碎后的作物秸秆顺着外罩壳2-4落入机箱底部。在排草风机1-1的作用下，粉碎的秸秆通过排草下管道1-2被排出，并沿着排草上管道1-3被撒布在田地，当排草上管道1-3通向收集装置时就可以把粉碎的秸秆收集存储。 During operation, the reel 6 transfers the crop stalks to the cutting assembly 11, and after the cutter 11-6 cuts the crop stalks, the reel 6 transfers the crop stalks to the feeding assembly 4, and the feeding drum 4-2 transfers the cuttings to the cutting assembly 11. The lower crop stalks are gathered together, and the telescopic finger 4-1 on the feeding drum 4-2 sends the crop stalks to the inclined conveyor 3-2, and then the crop stalks are conveyed to the conveyor under the action of the conveying fan 3-1 The crushing assembly 2, under the action of power, the moving blade 2-1 and the fixed blade 2-3 chop the crop stalks sent, and the crushed crop stalks fall into the bottom of the cabinet along the outer casing 2-4. Under the action of the grass discharge fan 1-1, the crushed straw is discharged through the grass discharge lower pipeline 1-2, and is spread on the field along the grass discharge upper pipeline 1-3, when the grass discharge upper pipeline 1-3 leads to When the collecting device is used, the crushed straw can be collected and stored.
当机器不工作时，可以把排草上管道1-3反向旋转，并支撑在排草管道支撑架1-4上，这样既能减少排草上管道1-3的损坏又能减少机器的占用空间，便于存放。此外，机器前端的落地支撑杆7在机器不连接动力机械时起支撑作用，可以大大减少收获装置与地面的接触力，防止机器损坏。 When the machine is not working, the upper pipe 1-3 on the grass discharge can be reversely rotated and supported on the support frame 1-4 of the grass discharge pipe, which can not only reduce the damage of the upper pipe 1-3 on the grass discharge but also reduce the machine Takes up little space for easy storage. In addition, the ground support rod 7 at the front end of the machine plays a supporting role when the machine is not connected to the power machinery, which can greatly reduce the contact force between the harvesting device and the ground and prevent the machine from being damaged.
如图3、图4所示：主动带轮24固定安装在动力输出轴25上，动力输出轴25固定连接在齿轮变速箱13上。拖拉机输出的动力带动动力输出轴25旋转，动力输出轴25带动主动带轮24旋转，主动带轮24通过皮带27带动从动带轮28旋转，主动带轮29通过皮带31带动从动带轮33旋转，主动带轮Ⅲ14通过皮带Ⅲ17 带动从动带轮18旋转，主动带轮23通过皮带 21带动从动带轮22旋转；主动带轮38通过皮带42带动从动带轮40转动，主动带轮38通过皮带37带动从动带轮34转动，从而通过带传动实现动力的传递。动力传递的过程中张紧装置32对皮带31张紧，张紧装置15对皮带Ⅲ17张紧，张紧装置20对皮带21张紧，张紧装置41对皮带42张紧，张紧装置36对皮带37张紧。 As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4: the driving pulley 24 is fixedly installed on the power output shaft 25, and the power output shaft 25 is fixedly connected on the gear box 13. The power output by the tractor drives the power output shaft 25 to rotate, and the power output shaft 25 drives the driving pulley 24 rotations, drive pulley 24 through the belt 27 drives the driven pulley 28 rotations, driving pulley 29 by belt 31 drives the driven pulley 33 rotations, the driving pulley Ⅲ14 drives the driven pulley through the belt Ⅲ17 18 rotations, driving pulley 23 by belt 21 drives the driven pulley 22 rotations; driving pulley 38 through the belt 42 drives the driven pulley 40 turns, driving pulley 38 through the belt 37 drives the driven pulley 34 rotates, thereby realizes the transmission of power by belt drive. Tensioner during power transmission 32 pairs of belts 31 tensioning, tensioning device 15 pairs of belt Ⅲ17 tensioning, tensioning device 20 pairs of belts 21 tensioning, tensioning device 41 pairs of belts 42 tensioning, tensioning device 36 pairs of belts 37 tensioned.
Claims (4)
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| CN108012669A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-11 | 石宏杰 | A kind of agricultural machinery campanulaceae pulverizer |
| CN109392428A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 湖南省农友农业装备股份有限公司 | A kind of grass harvester |
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| CN104718878B (en) | 2017-07-18 |
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